CN103733949A - Grapevine post-grafting management method - Google Patents
Grapevine post-grafting management method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103733949A CN103733949A CN201310726587.XA CN201310726587A CN103733949A CN 103733949 A CN103733949 A CN 103733949A CN 201310726587 A CN201310726587 A CN 201310726587A CN 103733949 A CN103733949 A CN 103733949A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pinching
- time
- urea
- grape
- fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A grapevine post-grafting management method relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The grapevine post-grafting management method mainly aims at managements of successfully grafted, surviving and planted grapevines of the same year such as management of soil, fertilizer and water, disease and insect pest prevention and control, comprehensive grapevine treatment and grapevine body management to achieve post-grafting grapevine management and accordingly to achieve the aim of high and stable yield. The grapevine post-grafting management method is simple, easy to practice and operate and capable of achieving a high survival rate, facilitating management, effectively improving the disease resisting capability of the grapevines and increasing the yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit-tree breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of vine managing after grafting method.
Background technology
At present, known vine cultivation method is by vine field planting, and field planting after autumn vine is pruned then stayed three to eight strong eyes at its base portion simultaneously, all will prune its trunk and limb every year later, and stay three to eight new eyes.This cultivation method the 5th year to the 10th year needs from field planting, by cultivating accessory branch bar viny, maintain high term, but field planting are after 15 years, too low with regard to essential factor output, eliminate this vine new vine of field planting again again.This is mainly the root system of cultivating while making vine rely on field planting for a long time because of (1) this cultivation method, when field planting after 10 years the main root in root system aging, capillary root from native root more and more away from, cause Root Absorption and carry the fall of nutrient ability in soil increasing, thereby its vintage is failed year by year; (2) this cultivation method makes tree body increase year after year viny, the 5th year tree body of field planting just reaches more than two meters, in order to climb life for it, need continuous built, this had both caused the difficulty on Cultivate administration, again can be long and aging because of tree body, reduce tree body and to vine top, carry the ability of nutrient, and then cause its production declining.So mainly existing, this cultivation method cannot increase plant spacing and the underground root system of renewal on the ground, restive plant length and setting position, Cultivate administration work difficulty is large, can not improve the soil at root system place, easily caused grape quality decline, cannot keep for a long time the full bearing period and make the plant shortcoming of waiting for a long time that do not wane.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method simple, can improve the vine managing after grafting method of vintage and quality.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A vine managing after grafting method, is for the management of trees then after field planting after vine grafting survival, comprises following method step,
1) clay fertilizer water management
(1) after grape transplanting stock, to water in time, the principle of strict grasp " survive at water, strong tree is at fertilizer ", when if field planting ditch did not water flood before plantation, should after wine-growing, water flood one time, the heavy real soil block of ditch soil is attenuated, clay fertilizer combination, will intertill soil moisture conservation after watering flood in time; Because root system is very shallow after wine-growing, so before and after germinateing, as long as have 5-7 days without rain, should water once, the method of watering should be in conjunction with loosening the soil---before watering, the soil layer on grape rhizosphere limit pulled open, the rear earth backing of the infiltration of watering, this method is difficult for making soil compaction, is the good method that promotes Survival rate of nursery stock;
(2) ditch in time, carry out three ditches supporting, " dead furrow " general wide 60-80cm is in ditch system between grape furrow, dark 30-40cm, the draining of can watering, be again Operation road, a drain ditch is opened in the place that furrow head and furrow head are bordered on, ditch depth 80-90cm, wide 100cm left and right, name is said " waist ditch " (the general 60-80 rice of waist ditch spacing), and the ditch of vineyard surrounding is " enclosing ditch ", more than the general degree of depth reaches 100cm, wide 150-200cm, only have three ditches of implementation supporting, could really accomplish that the moisture in vineyard can be arranged in waterlogging, drought can be filled with;
(3) management on ground, vineyard, carries out two " clean tillage " in a year, middle " sod culture " or " cladding process "; After grape transplanting stock before plum rains, want duty to loosen the soil, in maintenance garden, without weeds, (if while sowing legume crop, grape seedlings at least will reserve the scope of 100cm size around, sowing crop can not climb rattan, long-stalked variety, leaf vegetables was not planted in autumn and winter yet), ground sward during plum rains, after the rainy season will there be grass on ground during high temperature, if bai-u rainy period is long, when grass is too prosperous, can take mowing method, natural plant height is no more than 30cm; Also can before after the rainy season, with straw (as rape shell, wheat straw, wheat husk etc.), cover the ground in grape limit; Cover width is no less than 2 meters, and thickness is not less than 10cm; Can maintain like this soil temperature and can not be too high when high temperature, the growth of protection grape root system; To eight Septembers, before autumn basal dressing, carry out intertillage method; Weeds are connected and eradicate, draw in together, during basal dressing, one is turned over underground;
Weed killer herbicide is used in vineyard as far as possible less, or without weed killer herbicide, can only select " glyphosate " class agricultural chemicals in the time of using, and working concentration is 10% glyphosate with 100 times of left and right, then adds 0.2% urea, to improve drug effect.During rainy season, add again 0.2% neutral detergent, improve sticky limit;
(4) topdress in time, 15-20 days after grape seedlings germinates, sees when grape young sprout has grown 3-5 sheet leaf, and could spraying fertilizer during growing way normal (blade is aging, after being generally 8 leaves); The principle of the principle GPRS of spraying fertilizer " first rare rear dense ", " first few rear many " " having many meals but little food at eath "; On fertilizer type, take nitrogenous fertilizer before by the end of June as main (urea, people's muck etc.); 7-8 month is with composite fertilizer's (nitrogen phosphorus potassium) three elements composite fertilizer, and preferably to add night soil be main to import compound potassium sulfate fertilizer; 9-10 month adds appropriate urea and superphosphate when basal dressing; The method of spraying fertilizer is at grape seedlings rhizosphere limit open semicircle type shallow ridges, earth backing immediately after topdressing; then water while doing (being exactly that night soil also will be ditched and execute); Dressing time, generally from mid or late April, was used once annual 8-10 time every 10-15 days; When it is good, urea can be watered together with water-soluble; Every strain seedling can only be executed 15-20 gram of urea at the beginning, and every mu of ground is 4 kilograms of left and right; Later strong with seedling gesture, grows up, and increases gradually, and every mu of 8-9 month can sealing fertilizer 16-20 kilogram;
(5) autumn basal dressing; (1) time: before and after National Day; (2) fertilizer type: the organic manure such as pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, preferably fermented; Every mu of quantity: 3000-5000 kilogram, superphosphate (if acid soil is just with fused calcium magnesium phosphate) 100-150 kilogram; (3) method: leave climing 50 centimeters of grape master, dig strip ditch.50 centimeters wide 60 centimeters of ditch depths; Accomplish that clay fertilizer mix is even, phosphate fertilizer is executed within the scope of 20 centimeters, earth's surface; (4) note: after basal dressing, pour water in time once;
Winter turns over, and after November, grape leave came off, before and after " slight snow ", can plough, and requires dark 30 centimeters of left and right, and rhizosphere is shallow, and limes marginis is dark;
2. the extermination of disease and insect pest
(according to Changes in weather, the morning and evening of thing marquis phase, administration time and kind may change to some extent) gone through in annual medication
1) mid or late April adds extraordinarily 0.1% urea of orthene 1500 with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim;
2) with tpn 700-800, add 0.2% urea (still adding 1500 times of orthenes during damaged by vermin) by the end of April;
3) use extraordinarily 0.2% urea of large raw M45700 the first tenday period of a month in May;
4) before and after mid-May with " hemorrhagic black smallpox is clean " 1000 times or tpn 700 extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate add 1500 times of orthenes;
5) late May adds 0.2% urea (rattan is harvested with vitis vinifera without bordeaux mixture, with " green newborn copper " or raw greatly M45 replacement) with 1:0.8:260 times of bordeaux mixture;
6) at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May with thiophanate methyl 800 extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate add 1500 times of orthenes;
7) mid-June, (before set-in of plum rains) added 0.3% urea with 1:1:250 bordeaux mixture;
8) at the beginning of 7 months by the end of June, with 1:1:220 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea;
9) mid or late July is used extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 500 times of carbendazim or tpn 800;
10) at the beginning of 8 months, to the first tenday period of a month, use extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of large raw M45700;
11) with 1:1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea mid-August
12) use extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 800 times of metalaxyl-mn-zns or aliette 250 late August to the end of month;
13) large extraordinarily 0.3% urea of M45600 of giving birth to of early and middle ten days use in September;
14) with 1:1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea to early October by the end of September;
15) at the beginning of 10 months, with 1:1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea to early October.
3. integrated control:
1) before grape germinates, available 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur sterilization, sprouting period (before germination) is used 1:10 ammonium sulfate;
2) note timely draining and pour water, accomplish in vineyard not ponding, hot-dry season waters water one time about 5 days;
3) find damage by disease and insect blade, young sprout, clear out of in time garden;
4) medication should be thoughtful, careful, and liquid medicine is enough, and method is wanted science (keeping away high temperature, strong wind weather);
4. tree body management
1) bud picking: to the middle ten days Mo, after germination, two bud branches are retained to 1 at the beginning of 4 months, every young plant stays 2 buds as main climing cultivation, if while only sending out a bud, pinching when 4-5 sheet leaf, has stayed two raw sublateral shoots in top as main climing;
2) leading shoot pinching; When young sprout reaches first iron wire height (60-70cm), start pinching, pinching mouth stays 3 sublateral shoots, the raw sublateral shoot in top is upwards grown to decide and is spread long shoot, two adnation sublateral shoots are grown to both sides, make bearing basal shoot and cultivate, all the other bottom sublateral shoots can stay 1 leaf heavy pinching, and before leading shoot pinching, (when young sprout reaches 50cm left and right) ties up the tip (what do not reach iron wire height carries out " hang and tie up " to young sprout);
3) sublateral shoot pinching: when sublateral shoot surpasses second iron wire after pinching for the first time (reaching more than 50 centimetres), carry out pinching, pinching mouth still stays 3 sublateral shoots, the same during with leading shoot pinching, the first sublateral shoot spreads long shoot (upright colligation makes progress) as main, and the two or three sublateral shoot is grown to both sides, can not colligation, let alone to be hung in outside, do bearing basal shoot and cultivate, all the other sublateral shoots stay a leaf pinching; During pinching for the first time, adnation sublateral shoot reaches the pinching of 7-9 sheet leaf, and except pinching mouth stays a sublateral shoot, all the other sublateral shoots are erased without exception;
4) remove tendril in time: main climing colligation posture is inverse Ba type, from first iron wire, two main climing angles strengthen gradually;
5) pinching for the third time: if 8-9 month young sprout when still growing way is more prosperous, feasible pinching for the third time, current pinching mouth only stays two sublateral shoots, during Dao tri-road iron wire, no longer upwards draws and ties up, and makes its sagging growth;
5. other management
1) bury in time frame material underground: grape concrete column generally buries at the beginning of by the end of April to 5 month, concrete column specification requirement 12*12 or 10*12cm, 4-2 of the reinforcing bars while casting, column length 2.8-3 rice, wherein buries native 70cm; If greenhouse vine (more than planting 3 row), limit row cement column length 2.4-2.5 rice, middle row cement column length 3.5-3.6 rice, buries soil part and reaches 70cm;
2) conventional cultivation (open country plantation): carry out trellis type and require to draw 4 road iron wires, first is 60cm overhead, 2nd, 3,4 interval, road 40-50cm, greenhouse vine is carried out " wattled fence frame ", first iron wire overhead 70cm hedge frame again interval 45cm draw twice iron wire, after hedge frame 3 road iron wires, turn a frame; The time of bracing wire is preferably in and completes May, conventional cultivation then except stand 3 road iron wires, also Yao La 1-2 road iron wire on frame;
3) while carrying out greenhouse vine cultivation, before grape fallen leaves, put up booth (general 10-11 month), prune and with 1:5 calcium cyanamide smear eye after fallen leaves December, overlay film insulation after New Year's Day.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the inventive method is simple, be convenient to practical operation, survival rate is high, and convenient management can effectively improve resistance against diseases viny, increases output.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A vine managing after grafting method, is for the management of trees then after field planting after vine grafting survival, comprises following method step,
1) clay fertilizer water management
(1) after grape transplanting stock, to water in time, the principle of strict grasp " survive at water, strong tree is at fertilizer ", when if field planting ditch did not water flood before plantation, should after wine-growing, water flood one time, the heavy real soil block of ditch soil is attenuated, clay fertilizer combination, will intertill soil moisture conservation after watering flood in time; Because root system is very shallow after wine-growing, so before and after germinateing, as long as have 5-7 days without rain, should water once, the method of watering should be in conjunction with loosening the soil---before watering, the soil layer on grape rhizosphere limit pulled open, the rear earth backing of the infiltration of watering, this method is difficult for making soil compaction, is the good method that promotes Survival rate of nursery stock;
(2) ditch in time, carry out three ditches supporting, " dead furrow " general wide 60-80cm is in ditch system between grape furrow, dark 30-40cm, the draining of can watering, be again Operation road, a drain ditch is opened in the place that furrow head and furrow head are bordered on, ditch depth 80-90cm, wide 100cm left and right, name is said " waist ditch " (the general 60-80 rice of waist ditch spacing), and the ditch of vineyard surrounding is " enclosing ditch ", more than the general degree of depth reaches 100cm, wide 150-200cm, only have three ditches of implementation supporting, could really accomplish that the moisture in vineyard can be arranged in waterlogging, drought can be filled with;
(3) management on ground, vineyard, carries out two " clean tillage " in a year, middle " sod culture " or " cladding process "; After grape transplanting stock before plum rains, want duty to loosen the soil, in maintenance garden, without weeds, (if while sowing legume crop, grape seedlings at least will reserve the scope of 100cm size around, sowing crop can not climb rattan, long-stalked variety, leaf vegetables was not planted in autumn and winter yet), ground sward during plum rains, after the rainy season will there be grass on ground during high temperature, if bai-u rainy period is long, when grass is too prosperous, can take mowing method, natural plant height is no more than 30cm; Also can before after the rainy season, with straw (as rape shell, wheat straw, wheat husk etc.), cover the ground in grape limit; Cover width is no less than 2 meters, and thickness is not less than 10cm; Can maintain like this soil temperature and can not be too high when high temperature, the growth of protection grape root system; To eight Septembers, before autumn basal dressing, carry out intertillage method; Weeds are connected and eradicate, draw in together, during basal dressing, one is turned over underground;
Weed killer herbicide is used in vineyard as far as possible less, or without weed killer herbicide, can only select " glyphosate " class agricultural chemicals in the time of using, and working concentration is 10% glyphosate with 100 times of left and right, then adds 0.2% urea, to improve drug effect.During rainy season, add again 0.2% neutral detergent, improve sticky limit;
(4) topdress in time, 15-20 days after grape seedlings germinates, sees when grape young sprout has grown 3-5 sheet leaf, and could spraying fertilizer during growing way normal (blade is aging, after being generally 8 leaves); The principle of the principle GPRS of spraying fertilizer " first rare rear dense ", " first few rear many " " having many meals but little food at eath "; On fertilizer type, take nitrogenous fertilizer before by the end of June as main (urea, people's muck etc.); 7-8 month is with composite fertilizer's (nitrogen phosphorus potassium) three elements composite fertilizer, and preferably to add night soil be main to import compound potassium sulfate fertilizer; 9-10 month adds appropriate urea and superphosphate when basal dressing; The method of spraying fertilizer is at grape seedlings rhizosphere limit open semicircle type shallow ridges, earth backing immediately after topdressing; then water while doing (being exactly that night soil also will be ditched and execute); Dressing time, generally from mid or late April, was used once annual 8-10 time every 10-15 days; When it is good, urea can be watered together with water-soluble; Every strain seedling can only be executed 15-20 gram of urea at the beginning, and every mu of ground is 4 kilograms of left and right; Later strong with seedling gesture, grows up, and increases gradually, and every mu of 8-9 month can sealing fertilizer 16-20 kilogram;
(5) autumn basal dressing; (1) time: before and after National Day; (2) fertilizer type: the organic manure such as pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, preferably fermented; Every mu of quantity: 3000-5000 kilogram, superphosphate (if acid soil is just with fused calcium magnesium phosphate) 100-150 kilogram; (3) method: leave climing 50 centimeters of grape master, dig strip ditch.50 centimeters wide 60 centimeters of ditch depths; Accomplish that clay fertilizer mix is even, phosphate fertilizer is executed within the scope of 20 centimeters, earth's surface; (4) note: after basal dressing, pour water in time once;
Winter turns over, and after November, grape leave came off, before and after " slight snow ", can plough, and requires dark 30 centimeters of left and right, and rhizosphere is shallow, and limes marginis is dark;
2. the extermination of disease and insect pest
(according to Changes in weather, the morning and evening of thing marquis phase, administration time and kind may change to some extent) gone through in annual medication
1) mid or late April adds extraordinarily 0.1% urea of orthene 1500 with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim;
2) with tpn 700-800, add 0.2% urea (still adding 1500 times of orthenes during damaged by vermin) by the end of April;
3) use extraordinarily 0.2% urea of large raw M45700 the first tenday period of a month in May;
4) before and after mid-May with " hemorrhagic black smallpox is clean " 1000 times or tpn 700 extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate add 1500 times of orthenes;
5) late May adds 0.2% urea (rattan is harvested with vitis vinifera without bordeaux mixture, with " green newborn copper " or raw greatly M45 replacement) with 1:0.8:260 times of bordeaux mixture;
6) at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May with thiophanate methyl 800 extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate add 1500 times of orthenes;
7) mid-June, (before set-in of plum rains) added 0.3% urea with 1:1:250 bordeaux mixture;
8) at the beginning of 7 months by the end of June, with 1:1:220 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea;
9) mid or late July is used extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 500 times of carbendazim or tpn 800;
10) at the beginning of 8 months, to the first tenday period of a month, use extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of large raw M45700;
11) with 1:1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea mid-August
12) use extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 800 times of metalaxyl-mn-zns or aliette 250 late August to the end of month;
13) large extraordinarily 0.3% urea of M45600 of giving birth to of early and middle ten days use in September;
14) with 1:1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea to early October by the end of September;
15) at the beginning of 10 months, with 1:1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea to early October.
3. integrated control:
1) before grape germinates, available 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur sterilization, sprouting period (before germination) is used 1:10 ammonium sulfate;
2) note timely draining and pour water, accomplish in vineyard not ponding, hot-dry season waters water one time about 5 days;
3) find damage by disease and insect blade, young sprout, clear out of in time garden;
4) medication should be thoughtful, careful, and liquid medicine is enough, and method is wanted science (keeping away high temperature, strong wind weather);
4. tree body management
1) bud picking: to the middle ten days Mo, after germination, two bud branches are retained to 1 at the beginning of 4 months, every young plant stays 2 buds as main climing cultivation, if while only sending out a bud, pinching when 4-5 sheet leaf, has stayed two raw sublateral shoots in top as main climing;
2) leading shoot pinching; When young sprout reaches first iron wire height (60-70cm), start pinching, pinching mouth stays 3 sublateral shoots, the raw sublateral shoot in top is upwards grown to decide and is spread long shoot, two adnation sublateral shoots are grown to both sides, make bearing basal shoot and cultivate, all the other bottom sublateral shoots can stay 1 leaf heavy pinching, and before leading shoot pinching, (when young sprout reaches 50cm left and right) ties up the tip (what do not reach iron wire height carries out " hang and tie up " to young sprout);
3) sublateral shoot pinching: when sublateral shoot surpasses second iron wire after pinching for the first time (reaching more than 50 centimetres), carry out pinching, pinching mouth still stays 3 sublateral shoots, the same during with leading shoot pinching, the first sublateral shoot spreads long shoot (upright colligation makes progress) as main, and the two or three sublateral shoot is grown to both sides, can not colligation, let alone to be hung in outside, do bearing basal shoot and cultivate, all the other sublateral shoots stay a leaf pinching; During pinching for the first time, adnation sublateral shoot reaches the pinching of 7-9 sheet leaf, and except pinching mouth stays a sublateral shoot, all the other sublateral shoots are erased without exception;
4) remove tendril in time: main climing colligation posture is inverse Ba type, from first iron wire, two main climing angles strengthen gradually;
5) pinching for the third time: if 8-9 month young sprout when still growing way is more prosperous, feasible pinching for the third time, current pinching mouth only stays two sublateral shoots, during Dao tri-road iron wire, no longer upwards draws and ties up, and makes its sagging growth;
5. other management
1) bury in time frame material underground: grape concrete column generally buries at the beginning of by the end of April to 5 month, concrete column specification requirement 12*12 or 10*12cm, 4-2 of the reinforcing bars while casting, column length 2.8-3 rice, wherein buries native 70cm; If greenhouse vine (more than planting 3 row), limit row cement column length 2.4-2.5 rice, middle row cement column length 3.5-3.6 rice, buries soil part and reaches 70cm;
2) conventional cultivation (open country plantation): carry out trellis type and require to draw 4 road iron wires, first is 60cm overhead, 2nd, 3,4 interval, road 40-50cm, greenhouse vine is carried out " wattled fence frame ", first iron wire overhead 70cm hedge frame again interval 45cm draw twice iron wire, after hedge frame 3 road iron wires, turn a frame; The time of bracing wire is preferably in and completes May, conventional cultivation then except stand 3 road iron wires, also Yao La 1-2 road iron wire on frame;
3) while carrying out greenhouse vine cultivation, before grape fallen leaves, put up booth (general 10-11 month), prune and with 1:5 calcium cyanamide smear eye after fallen leaves December, overlay film insulation after New Year's Day.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and specification, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (1)
1. a vine managing after grafting method, is for the management of trees then after field planting after vine grafting survival, it is characterized in that: comprise following method step,
1) clay fertilizer water management
(1) after grape transplanting stock, will water in time, when field planting ditch did not water flood before plantation, should after wine-growing, water flood one time, the heavy real soil block of ditch soil is attenuated, clay fertilizer combination, will intertill soil moisture conservation after watering flood in time; Because root system after wine-growing is very shallow, so before and after germinateing, as long as have 5-7 days without rain, should water once, the method for watering should be in conjunction with loosening the soil---and before watering, the soil layer on grape rhizosphere limit is pulled open, infiltration earth backing afterwards waters;
(2) ditch in time, carry out three ditches supporting, " dead furrow " is in the ditch system between grape furrow, wide 60-80cm, dark 30-40cm, the draining of can watering, be again Operation road, a drain ditch is opened in the place that furrow head and furrow head are bordered on, ditch depth 80-90cm, wide 100cm, name is said " waist ditch ", and the ditch of vineyard surrounding is " enclosing ditch ", more than the degree of depth reaches 100cm, wide 150-200cm, carries out three ditches supporting, could really accomplish that the moisture in vineyard can arrange in waterlogging, non-irrigated can filling;
(3) management on ground, vineyard, before plum rains, duty to loosen the soil after grape transplanting stock, in maintenance garden without weeds, ground sward during plum rains, will there be grass on ground during high temperature after the rainy season; Bai-u rainy period is long, when grass is too prosperous, will mow, and natural plant height is no more than 30cm; Also can before after the rainy season, with straw, cover the ground in grape limit; Cover width is no less than 2m, and thickness is not less than 10cm; Can maintain like this soil temperature and can not be too high when high temperature, the growth of protection grape root system; To eight Septembers, before autumn basal dressing, carry out intertillage method; Weeds are connected and eradicate, draw in together, during basal dressing, one is turned over underground; Weed killer herbicide is used in vineyard as far as possible less, or without weed killer herbicide, in the time of using, can only working concentration be 10% glyphosate, with 100 times, then adds 0.2% urea, to improve drug effect, adds 0.2% neutral detergent during rainy season again, improves sticky limit;
(4) topdress in time, 15-20 days after grape seedlings germinates, sees when grape young sprout has grown 3-5 sheet leaf, and growing way could spraying fertilizer when normal; The principle of the principle GPRS of spraying fertilizer " first rare rear dense ", " first few rear many " " having many meals but little food at eath "; On fertilizer type, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main before by the end of June; The compound potassium sulfate fertilizer of take in 7-8 month adds night soil as main; 9-10 month adds appropriate urea and superphosphate when basal dressing; The method of spraying fertilizer is at grape seedlings rhizosphere limit open semicircle type shallow ridges, earth backing immediately after topdressing; then water while doing; Dressing time, from mid or late April, was used once annual 8-10 time every 10-15 days; When it is good, urea can be watered together with water-soluble; Every strain seedling can only be executed 15-20 gram of urea at the beginning, and every mu of ground is 4 kilograms of left and right; Later strong with seedling gesture, grows up, and increases gradually, and every mu of 8-9 month can sealing fertilizer 16-20 kilogram;
(5) autumn basal dressing; 1) time: before and after National Day; 2) fertilizer type: pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure organic fertilizer material, preferably fermented; Every mu of quantity: 3000-5000 kilogram, superphosphate 100-150 kilogram; 3) method: leave climing 50 centimeters of grape master, dig strip ditch, 50 centimeters wide 60 centimeters of ditch depths; Accomplish that clay fertilizer mix is even, phosphate fertilizer is executed within the scope of 20 centimeters, earth's surface; 4) note: after basal dressing, pour water in time once;
(6) winter turns over, and after November, grape leave came off, before and after " slight snow ", can plough, and requires dark 30 centimeters of left and right, and rhizosphere is shallow, and limes marginis is dark;
2) extermination of disease and insect pest
(1) mid or late April adds extraordinarily 0.1% urea of orthene 1500 with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim;
(2) with tpn 700-800, add 0.2% urea by the end of April;
(3) use extraordinarily 0.2% urea of large raw M45700 the first tenday period of a month in May;
(4) before and after mid-May with " hemorrhagic black smallpox is clean " 1000 times or tpn 700 extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate add 1500 times of orthenes;
(5) late May adds 0.2% urea with 1:0.8:260 times of bordeaux mixture;
(6) at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May with thiophanate methyl 800 extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate add 1500 times of orthenes;
(7) with 1:1:250 bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea mid-June;
(8) at the beginning of 7 months by the end of June, with 1:1:220 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea;
(9) mid or late July is used extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 500 times of carbendazim or tpn 800;
At the beginning of (10) 8 months, to the first tenday period of a month, use extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of large raw M45700;
(11) with 1:1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea mid-August
(12) use extraordinarily 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 800 times of metalaxyl-mn-zns or aliette 250 late August to the end of month;
(13) large extraordinarily 0.3% urea of M45600 of giving birth to of early and middle ten days use in September;
(14) with 1:1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea to early October by the end of September;
At the beginning of (15) 10 months, with 1:1:200 times of bordeaux mixture, add 0.3% urea to early October;
3) integrated control:
(1) before grape germinates, available 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur sterilization, sprouting period 1:10 ammonium sulfate;
(2) note timely draining and pour water, accomplish in vineyard not ponding, hot-dry season waters water for 5 days one time;
(3) find damage by disease and insect blade, young sprout, clear out of in time garden;
(4) medication should be thoughtful, careful, and liquid medicine is enough, and method is wanted science;
4) tree body management
(1) bud picking: to the middle ten days Mo, after germination, two bud branches are retained to 1 at the beginning of 4 months, every young plant stays 2 buds as main climing cultivation, if while only sending out a bud, pinching when 4-5 sheet leaf, has stayed two raw sublateral shoots in top as main climing;
(2) leading shoot pinching; When young sprout reaches first iron wire height, start pinching, pinching mouth stays 3 sublateral shoots, the raw sublateral shoot in top is upwards grown to decide and is spread long shoot, and two adnation sublateral shoots are grown to both sides, makes bearing basal shoot and cultivates, all the other bottom sublateral shoots can stay 1 leaf heavy pinching, before leading shoot pinching, tie up the tip;
(3) sublateral shoot pinching: when sublateral shoot surpasses second iron wire after pinching for the first time, carry out pinching, pinching mouth still stays 3 sublateral shoots, the same during with leading shoot pinching, the first sublateral shoot spreads long shoot as main, and the two or three sublateral shoot is grown to both sides, can not colligation, let alone to be hung in outside, do bearing basal shoot and cultivate, all the other sublateral shoots stay a leaf pinching; During pinching for the first time, adnation sublateral shoot reaches the pinching of 7-9 sheet leaf, and except pinching mouth stays a sublateral shoot, all the other sublateral shoots are erased without exception;
(4) remove tendril in time: main climing colligation posture is inverse Ba type, from first iron wire, two main climing angles strengthen gradually;
(5) pinching for the third time: if 8-9 month young sprout when still growing way is more prosperous, feasible pinching for the third time, current pinching mouth only stays two sublateral shoots, during Dao tri-road iron wire, no longer upwards draws and ties up, and makes its sagging growth;
5) other management
(1) bury in time frame material underground: grape concrete column generally buries at the beginning of by the end of April to 5 month, concrete column specification requirement 12*12 or 10*12cm, 4-2 of the reinforcing bars while casting, column length 2.8-3 rice, wherein buries native 70cm; Greenhouse vine, limit row cement column length 2.4-2.5 rice, middle row cement column length 3.5-3.6 rice, buries soil part and reaches 70cm;
(2) conventional cultivation: carry out trellis type and require to draw 4 road iron wires, first is 60cm overhead, the 2nd, 3,4 interval, road 40-50cm, and greenhouse vine is carried out " wattled fence frame ", first iron wire overhead 70cm hedge frame again interval 45cm draw twice iron wire, after hedge frame 3 road iron wires, turn a frame; The time of bracing wire is preferably in and completes May, conventional cultivation then except stand 3 road iron wires, also Yao La 1-2 road iron wire on frame;
(3) while carrying out greenhouse vine cultivation, before grape fallen leaves, put up booth, prune and with 1:5 calcium cyanamide smear eye after fallen leaves December, overlay film insulation after New Year's Day.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310726587.XA CN103733949A (en) | 2013-12-25 | 2013-12-25 | Grapevine post-grafting management method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310726587.XA CN103733949A (en) | 2013-12-25 | 2013-12-25 | Grapevine post-grafting management method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103733949A true CN103733949A (en) | 2014-04-23 |
Family
ID=50491089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310726587.XA Pending CN103733949A (en) | 2013-12-25 | 2013-12-25 | Grapevine post-grafting management method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103733949A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104396679A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-03-11 | 张平 | Grape violet root rot controlling method |
| CN104521677A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-22 | 湖南金鑫农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for wet-mud field grapes |
| CN104839083A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-19 | 娄志 | Method for raising prairie chickens in vineyard |
| CN105123424A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽鹏翔生态农业有限公司 | Plating method for greenhouse grapes |
| CN105123421A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽省滁州市国盛现代农业开发有限公司 | Management method for transplanting vines |
| CN105325256A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽林海园林绿化工程有限公司 | Grape dwarfing planting method |
| CN105325254A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽林海园林绿化工程有限公司 | Grape planting method |
| CN106852342A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-06-16 | 南安市君诚农机有限公司 | For purple autumn grape insect pest preventing and controlling composite drug and its insect pest preventing and controlling method |
| CN108849449A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Grape is without soil box frame cultural method |
-
2013
- 2013-12-25 CN CN201310726587.XA patent/CN103733949A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 无: "葡萄树定植后当年技术管理要点", 《360DOC个人图书馆HTTP://WWW.360DOC.COM/CONTENT/13/0826/21/10806318_310104198.SHTML》 * |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104396679A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-03-11 | 张平 | Grape violet root rot controlling method |
| CN104521677A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-22 | 湖南金鑫农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for wet-mud field grapes |
| CN104839083A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-08-19 | 娄志 | Method for raising prairie chickens in vineyard |
| CN105123421A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽省滁州市国盛现代农业开发有限公司 | Management method for transplanting vines |
| CN105123424A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽鹏翔生态农业有限公司 | Plating method for greenhouse grapes |
| CN105325256A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽林海园林绿化工程有限公司 | Grape dwarfing planting method |
| CN105325254A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽林海园林绿化工程有限公司 | Grape planting method |
| CN106852342A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-06-16 | 南安市君诚农机有限公司 | For purple autumn grape insect pest preventing and controlling composite drug and its insect pest preventing and controlling method |
| CN108849449A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Grape is without soil box frame cultural method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102613042B (en) | Method for increasing yield of plums | |
| CN103430806B (en) | Reshaping and cultivating method of pear tree with single trunk and two main branches | |
| CN103733949A (en) | Grapevine post-grafting management method | |
| CN104429487A (en) | Method for planting mulberry trees | |
| CN108967070B (en) | Method for planting passion fruit by soil renovation in next year | |
| CN105165357A (en) | Planting method for high-altitude saline-alkali soil black medlar tree | |
| CN101904260A (en) | Planting mode suitable for stereoscopic fruit and vegetable crops | |
| CN107056354A (en) | A kind of high yield dragon fruit implantation methods | |
| CN104541912A (en) | Planting method for direct orchard establishment through pitaya branches | |
| CN102919028A (en) | Cultivation method for helping Zhanshan dates to bud early and ripe in advance | |
| CN102726268A (en) | Cultivation process for organic pomegranate | |
| CN105532237A (en) | Standardization planting technology of cold-highland-area aconitum vilmorimianum kom | |
| CN103283554B (en) | Method for landscaping by utilizing sweet persimmon trees | |
| CN105210791A (en) | A kind of grape cutting builds garden ecological cultivation method | |
| CN104429781A (en) | Seedling-to-seedling method using tissue culture seedlings of cunninghamia lanceolata | |
| CN105794584A (en) | Potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum three-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting | |
| CN111316866A (en) | Passion fruit close-planting high-yield cultivation method capable of overcoming continuous cropping obstacle | |
| CN108739182B (en) | Standardized planting method for bletilla striata and blueberry intercropping | |
| CN107079763A (en) | A kind of lemon planting technology | |
| CN104145775A (en) | Y-shaped frame type cultivation method for atemoya | |
| CN104429513A (en) | Method for planting honeysuckle | |
| CN108575589B (en) | Method for realizing continuous crop rotation of four crops by integrating water, fertilizer and pesticide in sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN108541469B (en) | Winter grafting rapid seedling method for dwarf apple interstock | |
| CN107535276A (en) | Young tea plantations management method | |
| CN105493860A (en) | Hillside phased rain-shelter-cultivation method of vine crops |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20140423 |