CN102520131B - Multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator - Google Patents
Multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator, which comprises a simulation groove, a pressure measurement device, water head adjustment devices and a rainfall device, wherein the simulation groove comprises a seepage groove, an upstream water tank and a downstream water tank which are positioned on two sides of the seepage groove; front and back sides of the seepage groove are respectively provided with uniformly distributed sampling holes and pressure measurement holes, and the pressure measurement holes are connected with the pressure measurement device; two water head adjustment devices correspond to the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank respectively, and each water head adjustment device comprises a bracket, an overflow box, a water pipe and a lift rod; the rainfall device is positioned above the seepage groove, rainfall holes are uniformly distributed on a pipeline of the rainfall device; and one end of the pipeline is sealed, and the other end of the pipeline is connected with a water source. The multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator can simulate an underground waterflow system of a plurality of aquifers and aquitards, is convenient in measurement, and has small error.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of groundwater pollution simulation device based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system, be mainly used in simulate formation flow promoter system solute transfer, belong to hydrogeological study field.
Background technology
Along with underground water exhaustive exploitation, mankind's activity increasingly sharpens, the groundwater contamination problem that the factor such as ooze under seawater intrusion, rubbish transudate, upper strata salt water body invasion lower floor fresh water, sewage recharge causes is day by day serious, and it is particularly important that the prediction and prevention of groundwater contamination seems.As the important research method of problems, indoor physical simulation instrument has lot of advantages, and as the main tool of physical simulation, groundwater simulation device affects the development in PHYSICAL MODELING OF IN field, in recent years, has emerged in large numbers the device of large quantities of these classes both at home and abroad.
For example, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic dispersion groove of being developed by forefathers, it can the convection current disperse situation of simulating pollution thing in water-bearing zone, can measure dispersion coefficient, but this instrument can only be simulated single water-bearing zone; The trough for simulating groundwater pollution of and for example being developed by forefathers, this device can be simulated a plurality of water-bearing zones, but the hydrodynamic condition in each water-bearing zone of adjusting that can not be independent.
From forefathers' research, reflect that current groundwater pollution simulation instrument exists following several defect: one is aspect simulation water-bearing zone, field, the physical simulating device that uses can only regulate a water-bearing zone or can not control separately the multi-aquifer of hydrodynamic condition present stage, and field situation is mostly multi-layered aquifer system, so that experimental result is difficult to coincide with field situation; Its two present stage, all sand box models were all the areal models of similar seawater intrusion, and lacked the analogue means that can study Vertical Infiltration.
In recent years, every field all attempts using Systems Theory analyze and solve practical problems.And ground water regime theory is research and the core theory basis that solves hydrogeology and environmental geology, use ground water regime theoretical analysis groundwater contamination problem, the complicated physical model that structure more approaches the true hydrogeological condition in field is the trend of groundwater contamination physics simulation development.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system, not only solved above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, and its mensuration is convenient, error is little.
Realizing the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention adopts is:
A kind of groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system, at least comprise simulated slot, pressure tester, head regulating device and rainer, described simulated slot comprises seepage tank and is positioned at upstream water tank and the downstream water tank of seepage tank both sides, three's height is consistent, between upstream water tank and downstream water tank and seepage tank, by the porous plate that is fixed with fine and close gauze, separate, in upstream water tank and downstream water tank, be respectively equipped with the interlayer of corresponding 3～7 water-bearing zone thickness in can independent regulation seepage tank, each interlayer of upstream water tank is equipped with inlet opening, each interlayer of downstream water tank is equipped with apopore, inlet opening is all connected with head regulating device with apopore, the tow sides of seepage tank are respectively equipped with equally distributed thief hole and pressure tap, and pressure tap is connected with pressure tester, and pressure tester comprises manograph and the water pipe being communicated with pressure tap, head regulating device is provided with two, corresponding with upstream water tank and downstream water tank respectively, head regulating device comprises support, spilling water box, water pipe and elevating lever, spilling water box is installed on elevating lever and can slides up and down along elevating lever, the quantity of spilling water box is relative with interlayer should be 3～7, and the bottom of spilling water box is provided with the water inlet being connected with the inlet opening of each interlayer by water pipe, rainer is positioned at the top of seepage tank, is evenly distributed with rainfall hole on the pipeline of rainer, one end sealing of pipeline, and the other end is connected with water source.
Interlayer in upstream water tank and downstream water tank is provided with 5; In described head regulating device, be also provided with peristaltic pump, peristaltic pump is communicated with spilling water box by water pipe, and the bottom of spilling water box is also provided with freeing port.
The pipeline of rainer is paliform, one end of pipeline is sealed by rubber plug, the other end of pipeline is connected with water source with glass rotameter by water pipe, the pipeline that the pipeline that the pipeline that is paliform is 20mm by 2 diameters and 5 diameters are 10mm forms, the diameter in rainfall hole is 0.5mm, is evenly distributed on the pipeline that diameter is 10mm.
The quantity of described thief hole is 60, be 6X10 matrix distribution, the inner side of thief hole is connected with pagoda joint, it is straight-through that outside is connected with outer silk, on outer silk is straight-through, the plug with silicone gasket is installed, on pagoda joint, by silicone tube, be connected with glass tube, between pagoda joint and glass tube, with stainless steel lathe dog and aluminium skin, fix, the other end of glass tube is by being fixed with double-deck gauze.The quantity of described pressure tap is 30, is 6X5 matrix distribution.
On seepage tank, be also provided with monitoring holes, the inner side of described monitoring holes is connected with pagoda joint, it is straight-through that outside is connected with outer silk, on pagoda joint, be connected with glass tube, one end of glass tube is fixed with the electrode for Information Monitoring by silicone tube, the wire of electrode is through glass tube, pagoda joint and outer silk is straight-through is connected with outside instrument, glass tube, pagoda joint and outer lead directly in all by glass cement or silicone rubber seal.
On described seepage tank, be also provided with flow field viewport, the inner side of flow field viewport is connected with pagoda joint, and it is straight-through that outside is connected with outer silk, on outer silk is straight-through, is fixed with the rubber sleeve that is loaded with red ink.
The material of described simulated slot, porous plate and pipeline all adopts organic glass, and described water pipe is silicone tube.
Groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system provided by the invention has following advantage: 1, it can simulate a plurality of water-bearing zones and aquitard system, and each water-bearing zone and aquitard thickness can be set flexibly, can independently control the hydrodynamic condition of each water-bearing zone and aquitard.2, seepage tank is provided with thief hole and monitoring holes can adopt sampling monitoring and on-line monitoring simultaneously.3, this device both can simulate for lateral pollutes, and can simulate again vertical more stream and pollute, and both can be used for water quality evolution mechanism and has inquired into, again can be for parametric measurements such as dispersion coefficients, be with a wide range of applications and the function of continual exploitation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of groundwater pollution simulation instrument provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of rainer;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of head regulating device;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of thief hole;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of monitoring holes;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of viewport;
In figure: 1-upstream water tank, 2-downstream water tank, 3-seepage tank, 4-porous plate, 5-precipitation conduit, 6-manograph, 7-rubber plug, 8-glass rotameter, 9-slotted-angle shelving, 10-elevating lever, 11-spilling water box, 12-peristaltic pump, 13-water inlet, 14-freeing port, 15-inlet opening, 16-pressure tap, 17-pagoda joint, the outer silk of 18-is straight-through, 19-plug, 20-plexi-glass tubular, 21-electrode, 22-rubber sleeve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is done to detailed specific description.
The structure of the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system provided by the invention as shown in Figure 1, comprise simulated slot, pressure tester, head regulating device and rainer, simulated slot is comprised of seepage tank 3 and the upstream water tank 1 and the downstream water tank 2 that are positioned at seepage tank 3 both sides, three's height is consistent, between upstream water tank 1 and downstream water tank 2 and seepage tank 3, by the porous plate 4 that is fixed with fine and close gauze, separate, the material of described simulated slot and porous plate 4 is organic glass.The interlayer that is respectively equipped with corresponding 3～7 water-bearing zone thickness in can independent regulation seepage tank in upstream water tank 1 and downstream water tank 2, in the present embodiment, interlayer is provided with 5.Each interlayer of upstream water tank 1 is equipped with inlet opening 15, and each interlayer of downstream water tank 2 is equipped with apopore, and inlet opening 15 is all connected with head regulating device with apopore.
The tow sides of seepage tank 3 are respectively equipped with equally distributed thief hole and pressure tap 16, and wherein thief hole is positioned at the reverse side of seepage tank 3, and quantity is 60, are 6X10 matrix distribution, and its horizontal spacing is 2 times of longitudinal pitch.The structure of thief hole as shown in Figure 4, its inner side is connected with pagoda joint 17, and outside is connected with outer silk and leads directly to 18, on outer silk straight-through 18, the plug 19 with silicone gasket is installed, on pagoda joint 17, by silicone tube, be connected with glass tube, the glass tube described in the present embodiment is plexi-glass tubular.The length of the plexi-glass tubular 20 on each thief hole be 10～20cm not etc., between pagoda joint 17 and plexi-glass tubular 20, with stainless steel lathe dog and aluminium skin, fix, the other end of plexi-glass tubular 20 is fixed with double-deck gauze by silicone tube and chloroform.
The reverse side of seepage tank 3 is also provided with on-line monitoring hole, the structure of monitoring holes as shown in Figure 5, its inner side is connected with pagoda joint 17, outside is connected with outer silk straight-through 18, on pagoda joint 17, connect plexi-glass tubular 20, one end of plexi-glass tubular 20 is fixed with the electrode 21 for Information Monitoring by silicone tube, the wire of electrode 21 is connected with outside instrument through plexi-glass tubular 20, pagoda joint 17 and outer silk straight-through 18, the wire of electrode 21 and glass tube, pagoda joint and outer lead directly between all by glass cement or silicone rubber seal.
The front of seepage tank 3 is also provided with flow field viewport, and as shown in Figure 6, its inner side is connected with pagoda joint 17 to the structure of viewport, and outside is connected with outer silk and leads directly to 18, on outer silk straight-through 18, is fixed with the rubber sleeve 22 that is loaded with red ink.Red ink in rubber sleeve 22 is got in seepage tank to the flow field situation in can finder by pagoda joint.
Head regulating device is provided with two, corresponding with upstream water tank 1 and downstream water tank 2 respectively, the structure of head regulating device as shown in Figure 3, comprises support, peristaltic pump 12, spilling water box 11, water pipe and elevating lever 10, described support is slotted-angle shelving 9, and elevating lever 10 is weldingly fixed on slotted-angle shelving 9.Spilling water box 11 is installed on elevating lever 10 and can be slided up and down along elevating lever 10 by screw torsion bar, and the quantity of spilling water box 11 is relative with interlayer should be 3～7, correspondingly with interlayer is in the present embodiment provided with 5.The bottom of spilling water box 11 is provided with two water inlets 13, and water inlet 13 is connected with inlet opening 15 or the apopore of each interlayer by water pipe, and the bottom of spilling water box 11 is also provided with freeing port 13.Peristaltic pump 12 is communicated with spilling water box 11 by water pipe.
Rainer is positioned at the top of seepage tank, on the precipitation conduit 5 of rainer, is evenly distributed with rainfall hole, one end sealing of precipitation conduit 5, and the other end is connected with water source.As shown in Figure 2, precipitation conduit 5 is paliform to the structure of rainer, and one end of pipeline is sealed by rubber plug 7, and the other end of pipeline is connected with water source with glass rotameter 8 by water pipe.The pipeline that the pipeline that the pipeline that is paliform is 20mm by 2 diameters and 5 diameters are 10mm forms, and the diameter in rainfall hole is 0.5mm, is evenly distributed on the pipeline that diameter is 10mm, and the pipeline described in the present embodiment is plexi-glass tubular.
The principle of work of the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system provided by the present invention is as follows, now illustrates.
The flow system of underground water is not to be comprised of single water-bearing zone, but by a plurality of water-bearing zones of complexity and deposit, simulates North China Plain saline water intrusion deep fresh water in this example.Selecting Cangzhou geologic section, water-bearing zone is generalized as to three layers, is from bottom to top fine sand flour sand layer, stickiness soil layer, fine sand layer successively, get corresponding soil sample in layer evenly pack seepage tank into.In order more to meet field actual conditions, the present invention will be respectively arranged with 5 interlayers in upstream water tank and downstream water tank, each interlayer is connected with corresponding spilling water box, the flow in each water-bearing zone of control that can be flexible and changeable by peristaltic pump, and the independent hydrodynamic condition of controlling.
Three spilling water box height that lower floor water-bearing zone is corresponding are adjusted to unanimously, by peristaltic pump, control the inflow of spilling water box, slowly pass into from lower to upper fresh water, and regulate gradually the height of three spilling water boxes, make the spilling water box height of the lower slightly upstream of height of the spilling water box that downstream water tank is corresponding, until clay layer, all satisfy after water, the height of the corresponding spilling water box of upper strata salt water is regulated consistent, after the same method the upper water-bearing zone of seepage tank is passed into salt water, after full water is complete, keep head stable.The present invention can simulate the groundwater contamination situation of multi-layered aquifer system, by head regulating device, regulate upstream and downstream head height, there is certain head difference in two heads, make from the bottom up fine sand flour sand layer, clay layer, the full water of flour sand layer, clay layer is divided into three layers as aquitard by seepage tank inside, there are respectively three layers of water-bearing zone thickness of the corresponding control of three heads, thus simulation multi-layer Underground Water system water pollution condition.
Set in this example layer for fresh water, upper strata is salt water, thus the situation of simulation degree of saltiness water invasion.After experiment starts, every 5 hours, choose the thief hole of some, therefrom take a morsel solution in test tube, by conductivity meter, survey its conductivity record; Data on the conductivity meter being simultaneously connected with electrode in monitoring holes every 2 hour records, until data variation is not obvious, can draw out isoconcentration contour map according to above data.The data of while on 2 hour record manographs.From the data that draw above and draw out to such an extent that can analyze experimental result figure according to data.
Device provided by the invention not only can carry out the parametric measurements such as dispersion coefficient, infiltration coefficient, can simulate the impact of water quality being developed in conditions such as the interaction of water petrofacies, artificial a large amount of groundwater abstractions simultaneously, and its mensuration is convenient, error is little.
Claims (10)
1. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system, it is characterized in that: at least comprise simulated slot, pressure tester, head regulating device and rainer, described simulated slot comprises seepage tank and is positioned at upstream water tank and the downstream water tank of seepage tank both sides, three's height is consistent, between upstream water tank and downstream water tank and seepage tank, by the porous plate that is fixed with fine and close gauze, separate, in upstream water tank and downstream water tank, be respectively equipped with the interlayer of corresponding 3～7 water-bearing zone thickness in can independent regulation seepage tank, each interlayer of upstream water tank is equipped with inlet opening, each interlayer of downstream water tank is equipped with apopore, inlet opening is all connected with head regulating device with apopore, the front of seepage tank is provided with equally distributed pressure tap, and reverse side is provided with equally distributed thief hole, and pressure tap is connected with pressure tester, and pressure tester comprises manograph and the water pipe being communicated with pressure tap, head regulating device is provided with two, corresponding with upstream water tank and downstream water tank respectively, head regulating device comprises support, spilling water box, water pipe and elevating lever, spilling water box is installed on elevating lever and can slides up and down along elevating lever, the quantity of spilling water box is relative with interlayer should be 3～7, and the bottom of spilling water box is provided with the water inlet being connected with the inlet opening of each interlayer by water pipe, rainer is positioned at the top of seepage tank, is evenly distributed with rainfall hole on the pipeline of rainer, one end sealing of pipeline, and the other end is connected with water source.
2. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the interlayer in upstream water tank and downstream water tank is provided with 5.
3. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described head regulating device, be also provided with peristaltic pump, peristaltic pump is communicated with spilling water box by water pipe, and the bottom of spilling water box is also provided with freeing port.
4. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pipeline of rainer is paliform, one end of pipeline is sealed by rubber plug, and the other end of pipeline is connected with water source with glass rotameter by water pipe.
5. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the pipeline that the pipeline that the pipeline that is paliform is 20mm by 2 diameters and 5 diameters are 10mm forms, the diameter in rainfall hole is 0.5mm, is evenly distributed on the pipeline that diameter is 10mm.
6. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the quantity of thief hole is 60, be 6X10 matrix distribution, the inner side of thief hole is connected with pagoda joint, it is straight-through that outside is connected with outer silk, on outer silk is straight-through, the plug with silicone gasket is installed, on pagoda joint, by silicone tube, be connected with glass tube, between pagoda joint and glass tube, with stainless steel lathe dog and aluminium skin, fix, the other end of glass tube is fixed with double-deck gauze.
7. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the quantity of pressure tap is 30, is 6X5 matrix distribution.
8. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: on seepage tank, be also provided with monitoring holes, the inner side of described monitoring holes is connected with pagoda joint, it is straight-through that outside is connected with outer silk, on pagoda joint, be connected with glass tube, one end of glass tube is fixed with the electrode for Information Monitoring by silicone tube, the wire of electrode is through glass tube, pagoda joint and outer silk is straight-through is connected with outside instrument, glass tube, pagoda joint and outer lead directly in all by glass cement or silicone rubber seal.
9. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: on described seepage tank, be also provided with flow field viewport, the inner side of flow field viewport is connected with pagoda joint, it is straight-through that outside is connected with outer silk, on outer silk is straight-through, is fixed with the rubber sleeve that is loaded with red ink.
10. the groundwater pollution simulation instrument based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the material of described simulated slot, porous plate and pipeline all adopts organic glass, and described water pipe is silicone tube.
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