CN102520131A - Multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator - Google Patents
Multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator, which comprises a simulation groove, a pressure measurement device, water head adjustment devices and a rainfall device, wherein the simulation groove comprises a seepage groove, an upstream water tank and a downstream water tank which are positioned on two sides of the seepage groove; front and back sides of the seepage groove are respectively provided with uniformly distributed sampling holes and pressure measurement holes, and the pressure measurement holes are connected with the pressure measurement device; two water head adjustment devices correspond to the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank respectively, and each water head adjustment device comprises a bracket, an overflow box, a water pipe and a lift rod; the rainfall device is positioned above the seepage groove, rainfall holes are uniformly distributed on a pipeline of the rainfall device; and one end of the pipeline is sealed, and the other end of the pipeline is connected with a water source. The multi-layered aquifer underground flow system-based underground water pollution simulator can simulate an underground waterflow system of a plurality of aquifers and aquitards, is convenient in measurement, and has small error.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of groundwater contamination analogue means, be mainly used in simulate formation flow promoter system solute transfer, belong to hydrogeological research field based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system.
Background technology
Along with the underground water exhaustive exploitation; Mankind's activity increasingly sharpens; It is serious day by day the groundwater contamination problem that factor caused such as to ooze, upper strata salt water body invasion lower floor fresh water, sewage recharge under seawater intrusion, the rubbish transudate, and it is particularly important that the prediction of groundwater contamination and control seem.As the research method of this type of problem, the indoor physical simulation appearance has lot of advantages, and as the main tool of physical simulation, the groundwater simulation device affects the development in PHYSICAL MODELING OF IN field, in recent years, has emerged in large numbers the device of large quantities of these types both at home and abroad.
For example, by the two-dimentional hydrodynamic dispersion groove of forefathers development, it can the convection current disperse situation of simulating pollution thing in the water-bearing zone, can measure dispersion coefficient, but this instrument can only be simulated single water-bearing zone; And for example by the trough for simulating groundwater pollution of forefathers development, this device can be simulated a plurality of water-bearing zones, but hydrodynamic condition that can not each water-bearing zone of separate regulating.
Reflect that from former study there is following several defective in present groundwater contamination analog meter: one of which is aspect the open-air water-bearing zone of simulation; Present stage, employed physical simulating device can only be regulated many water-bearing zones that a water-bearing zone perhaps can not be controlled hydrodynamic condition separately; And open-air situation is the multi-layered aquifer system mostly, so that experimental result is difficult to coincide with open-air situation; Its, all sand box models all were the areal models of similar seawater intrusion two present stage, can study the vertical analogue means that infiltrates and lack.
In recent years, every field all attempts using the Systems Theory analysis to solve practical problems.And the ground water regime theory is research and the core theory basis that solves hydrogeology and environmental geology; Utilization ground water regime theoretical analysis groundwater contamination problem, making up is groundwater contamination physics simulation Development Trend near the open-air truly complicated physical model of hydrogeological condition more.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system, not only solved above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, and its mensuration is convenient, error is little.
Realize that the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention adopted is:
A kind of groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system; At least comprise simulated slot, PMU, head regulating device and rainer; Described simulated slot comprises seepage tank and the upper reaches water tank and the downstream water tank that are positioned at the seepage tank both sides; Three's height is consistent; Separate by the porous plate that is fixed with fine and close gauze between upper reaches water tank and downstream water tank and the seepage tank, be respectively equipped with the interlayer of corresponding 3～7 water-bearing zone thickness in can the independent regulation seepage tank in upper reaches water tank and the downstream water tank, each interlayer of upper reaches water tank is equipped with the inlet opening; Each interlayer of downstream water tank is equipped with apopore, and the inlet opening all is connected with the head regulating device with apopore; The tow sides of seepage tank are respectively equipped with equally distributed thief hole and pressure tap, and pressure tap is connected with PMU, and PMU comprises manograph and the water pipe that is communicated with pressure tap; The head regulating device is provided with two; Corresponding with upper reaches water tank and downstream water tank respectively; The head regulating device comprises support, spilling water box, water pipe and elevating lever; The spilling water box is installed on the elevating lever and can slides up and down along elevating lever, and the quantity of spilling water box and interlayer should be 3～7 relatively, and the bottom of spilling water box is provided with the water inlet that is connected with the inlet opening of each interlayer through water pipe; Rainer is positioned at the top of seepage tank, is evenly distributed with the rainfall hole on the pipeline of rainer, the end sealing of pipeline, and the other end is connected with the water source.
Interlayer in upper reaches water tank and the downstream water tank is provided with 5; Also be provided with peristaltic pump on the described head regulating device, peristaltic pump is communicated with the spilling water box through water pipe, and the bottom of spilling water box also is provided with freeing port.
The pipeline of rainer is paliform; One end of pipeline is through the rubber plug sealing; The other end of pipeline is connected with the water source with glass rotameter through water pipe; The pipeline that the pipeline that is paliform is 10mm by 2 diameters pipeline that is 20mm and 5 diameters constitutes, and the diameter in rainfall hole is 0.5mm, is evenly distributed on the pipeline that diameter is 10mm.
The quantity of described thief hole is 60; Be the 6X10 matrix distribution, the inboard of thief hole is connected with the pagoda joint, and it is straight-through that the outside is connected with outer silk; On outer silk is straight-through the plug that has silicone gasket is installed; Be connected with glass tube through silicone tube on the pagoda joint, fix with stainless steel lathe dog and aluminium skin between pagoda joint and the glass tube, the other end of glass tube is through being fixed with double-deck gauze.The quantity of described pressure tap is 30, is the 6X5 matrix distribution.
Also be provided with monitoring holes on the seepage tank; The inboard of described monitoring holes is connected with the pagoda joint; It is straight-through that the outside is connected with outer silk, is connected with glass tube on the pagoda joint, and an end of glass tube is fixed with through silicone tube and is used for the electrode of Information Monitoring; The lead of electrode passes glass tube, pagoda joint and straight-through with the outside instrument of outer silk is connected, in glass tube, pagoda joint and outer are led directly to all through glass cement or silicone rubber seal.
Also be provided with the flow field viewport on the described seepage tank, the inboard of flow field viewport is connected with the pagoda joint, and it is straight-through that the outside is connected with outer silk, is fixed with the rubber sleeve that is loaded with red ink on outer silk is straight-through.
The material of described simulated slot, porous plate and pipeline all adopts organic glass, and described water pipe is a silicone tube.
Groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system provided by the invention has following advantage: 1, it can simulate a plurality of water-bearing zones and aquitard system; And each water-bearing zone and aquitard thickness can be set flexibly, can independently control the hydrodynamic condition of each water-bearing zone and aquitard.2, the thief hole and the monitoring holes that are provided with of seepage tank can adopt sampling monitoring and on-line monitoring simultaneously.3, this device both can simulate for lateral pollute, and can simulate vertical stream more again and pollute, and both can be used for the water quality evolution mechanism and had inquired into, and can be used for parametric measurements such as dispersion coefficient again, the function that is with a wide range of applications and continues to develop.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction synoptic diagram of groundwater contamination analog meter provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of rainer;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of head regulating device;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of thief hole;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of monitoring holes;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of viewport;
Among the figure: 1-upper reaches water tank, 2-downstream water tank, 3-seepage tank, 4-porous plate, 5-precipitation conduit, 6-manograph; The 7-rubber plug, 8-glass rotameter, 9-slotted-angle shelving, 10-elevating lever, 11-spilling water box, 12-peristaltic pump; The 13-water inlet, 14-freeing port, 15-inlet opening, 16-pressure tap, 17-pagoda joint; The outer silk of 18-is straight-through, 19-plug, 20-plexi-glass tubular, 21-electrode, 22-rubber sleeve.
Embodiment
The present invention is done bright in detail specifically below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The structure of the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system provided by the invention is as shown in Figure 1; Comprise simulated slot, PMU, head regulating device and rainer; Simulated slot is made up of seepage tank 3 and upper reaches water tank that is positioned at seepage tank 3 both sides 1 and downstream water tank 2; Three's height is consistent, separates by the porous plate that is fixed with fine and close gauze 4 between upper reaches water tank 1 and downstream water tank 2 and the seepage tank 3, and the material of described simulated slot and porous plate 4 is organic glass.Be respectively equipped with the interlayer of corresponding 3～7 water-bearing zone thickness in can the independent regulation seepage tank in upper reaches water tank 1 and the downstream water tank 2, in the present embodiment, interlayer is provided with 5.Each interlayer of upper reaches water tank 1 is equipped with inlet opening 15, and each interlayer of downstream water tank 2 is equipped with apopore, and inlet opening 15 all is connected with the head regulating device with apopore.
The tow sides of seepage tank 3 are respectively equipped with equally distributed thief hole and pressure tap 16, and wherein thief hole is positioned at the reverse side of seepage tank 3, and quantity is 60, are the 6X10 matrix distribution, and its horizontal spacing is 2 times of longitudinal pitch.The structure of thief hole is as shown in Figure 4; Its inboard is connected with pagoda joint 17, and the outside is connected with outer silk and leads directly to 18, on the outer silk straight-through 18 plug 19 that has silicone gasket is installed; Be connected with glass tube through silicone tube on the pagoda joint 17, the glass tube described in the present embodiment is plexi-glass tubular.The length of the plexi-glass tubular 20 on each thief hole is that 10～20cm does not wait, and fixes with stainless steel lathe dog and aluminium skin between pagoda joint 17 and the plexi-glass tubular 20, and the other end of plexi-glass tubular 20 is fixed with double-deck gauze through silicone tube and chloroform.
The reverse side of seepage tank 3 also is provided with the on-line monitoring hole; The structure of monitoring holes is as shown in Figure 5; Its inboard is connected with pagoda joint 17; It is straight-through 18 that the outside is connected with outer silk, connects plexi-glass tubular 20 on the pagoda joint 17, and an end of plexi-glass tubular 20 is fixed with through silicone tube and is used for the electrode 21 of Information Monitoring; The lead of electrode 21 passes plexi-glass tubular 20, pagoda joint 17 and outer silk straight-through 18 is connected with outside instrument, the lead of electrode 21 and glass tube, pagoda joint and thread lead directly to outward between all through glass cement or silicone rubber seal.
Pressure tap 16 is uniformly distributed in the front of seepage tank 3, and quantity is 30, is the 6X5 matrix distribution.Pressure tap 16 is connected with PMU, and PMU comprises manograph 6 and the water pipe that is communicated with pressure tap 16, and water pipe used in the present embodiment is silicone tube.
The front of seepage tank 3 also is provided with the flow field viewport, and the structure of viewport is as shown in Figure 6, and its inboard is connected with pagoda joint 17, and the outside is connected with outer silk and leads directly to 18, is fixed with the rubber sleeve 22 that is loaded with red ink on the outer silk straight-through 18.Red ink in the rubber sleeve 22 is got into the flow field situation that gets final product in the seepage tank in the finder through the pagoda joint.
The head regulating device is provided with two; Corresponding with upper reaches water tank 1 and downstream water tank 2 respectively, the structure of head regulating device is as shown in Figure 3, comprises support, peristaltic pump 12, spilling water box 11, water pipe and elevating lever 10; Described support is a slotted-angle shelving 9, and elevating lever 10 is weldingly fixed on the slotted-angle shelving 9.Spilling water box 11 is installed on the elevating lever 10 and can slides up and down along elevating lever 10 through the screw torsion bar, and the quantity of spilling water box 11 and interlayer should be 3～7 relatively, correspondingly with interlayer in the present embodiment is provided with 5.The bottom of spilling water box 11 is provided with two water inlets 13, and water inlet 13 is connected with the inlet opening 15 or the apopore of each interlayer through water pipe, and the bottom of spilling water box 11 also is provided with freeing port 13.Peristaltic pump 12 is communicated with spilling water box 11 through water pipe.
Rainer is positioned at the top of seepage tank, is evenly distributed with the rainfall hole on the precipitation conduit 5 of rainer, the end sealing of precipitation conduit 5, and the other end is connected with the water source.The structure of rainer is as shown in Figure 2, and precipitation conduit 5 is paliform, and an end of pipeline is through rubber plug 7 sealings, and the other end of pipeline is connected with the water source with glass rotameter 8 through water pipe.The pipeline that the pipeline that is paliform is 10mm by 2 diameters pipeline that is 20mm and 5 diameters constitutes, and the diameter in rainfall hole is 0.5mm, is evenly distributed on the pipeline that diameter is 10mm, and the pipeline described in the present embodiment is plexi-glass tubular.
The principle of work of the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system provided by the present invention is following, illustrates at present.
Phreatic flow system is not to be made up of single water-bearing zone, but by a plurality of water-bearing zones of complicacy and deposit simulation North China Plain saline water intrusion deep fresh water in this example.Selecting Cangzhou geologic section, the water-bearing zone is generalized as three layers, from bottom to top is fine sand flour sand layer, stickiness soil layer, fine sand layer successively, gets the corresponding soil sample seepage tank of evenly packing in layer.In order more to meet open-air actual conditions; The present invention is with being respectively arranged with 5 interlayers in upper reaches water tank and the downstream water tank; Each interlayer links to each other with corresponding spilling water box, through peristaltic pump can be flexible and changeable the flow in each water-bearing zone of control, and independent control hydrodynamic condition.
Three spilling water box height that the lower floor water-bearing zone is corresponding are adjusted to unanimity, and the inflow through peristaltic pump control spilling water box slowly feeds fresh water from lower to upper; And regulate the height of three spilling water boxes gradually; Make the spilling water box height at the lower slightly upper reaches of height of the corresponding spilling water box of downstream water tanks, treat all full water of clay layer after, regulate the height of the pairing spilling water box of upper strata salt water consistent; Last water-bearing zone to seepage tank feeds salt water after the same method, treats that the intact back of full water keeps head stable.The present invention can simulate the groundwater contamination situation of multi-layered aquifer system; Regulate the upstream and downstream head height through the head regulating device; There is certain head difference in two heads, make fine sand flour sand layer, clay layer, the full water of flour sand layer from the bottom up, and clay layer is divided into three layers as aquitard with seepage tank inside; Three layers of water-bearing zone thickness of the corresponding control of three heads are arranged respectively, thus simulation multilayer ground water regime water pollution condition.
Set layer in this example and be fresh water, the upper strata is a salt water, thus the situation of simulation degree of saltiness water invasion.After the experiment beginning, every thief hole of choosing some at a distance from 5 hours therefrom takes a morsel solution in test tube, surveys its conductivity and record through conductivity meter; Simultaneously whenever the data on the conductivity meter that electrode was connected in 2 hour records and monitoring holes till data variation is not obvious, can be drawn out isoconcentration contour map according to above data.Every simultaneously data on 2 hour record manographs.From the above data that draw and draw out to such an extent that can analyze experimental result the figure according to data.
Device provided by the invention not only can carry out parametric measurements such as dispersion coefficient, infiltration coefficient, can simulate the influence of water quality being developed in conditions such as the interaction of water petrofacies, artificial a large amount of groundwater abstractions simultaneously, and its mensuration is convenient, error is little.
Claims (10)
1. groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system; It is characterized in that: comprise simulated slot, PMU, head regulating device and rainer at least; Described simulated slot comprises seepage tank and the upper reaches water tank and the downstream water tank that are positioned at the seepage tank both sides; Three's height is consistent; Separate by the porous plate that is fixed with fine and close gauze between upper reaches water tank and downstream water tank and the seepage tank, be respectively equipped with the interlayer of corresponding 3～7 water-bearing zone thickness in can the independent regulation seepage tank in upper reaches water tank and the downstream water tank, each interlayer of upper reaches water tank is equipped with the inlet opening; Each interlayer of downstream water tank is equipped with apopore, and the inlet opening all is connected with the head regulating device with apopore; The tow sides of seepage tank are respectively equipped with equally distributed thief hole and pressure tap, and pressure tap is connected with PMU, and PMU comprises manograph and the water pipe that is communicated with pressure tap; The head regulating device is provided with two; Corresponding with upper reaches water tank and downstream water tank respectively; The head regulating device comprises support, spilling water box, water pipe and elevating lever; The spilling water box is installed on the elevating lever and can slides up and down along elevating lever, and the quantity of spilling water box and interlayer should be 3～7 relatively, and the bottom of spilling water box is provided with the water inlet that is connected with the inlet opening of each interlayer through water pipe; Rainer is positioned at the top of seepage tank, is evenly distributed with the rainfall hole on the pipeline of rainer, the end sealing of pipeline, and the other end is connected with the water source.
2. the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the interlayer in upper reaches water tank and the downstream water tank is provided with 5.
3. the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: also be provided with peristaltic pump on the described head regulating device; Peristaltic pump is communicated with the spilling water box through water pipe, and the bottom of spilling water box also is provided with freeing port.
4. the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the pipeline of rainer is paliform; One end of pipeline is through the rubber plug sealing, and the other end of pipeline is connected with the water source with glass rotameter through water pipe.
5. the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 4; It is characterized in that: the pipeline that the pipeline that is paliform is 10mm by 2 diameters pipeline that is 20mm and 5 diameters constitutes; The diameter in rainfall hole is 0.5mm, is evenly distributed on the pipeline that diameter is 10mm.
6. the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: the quantity of thief hole is 60; Be the 6X10 matrix distribution, the inboard of thief hole is connected with the pagoda joint, and it is straight-through that the outside is connected with outer silk; On outer silk is straight-through the plug that has silicone gasket is installed; Be connected with glass tube through silicone tube on the pagoda joint, fix with stainless steel lathe dog and aluminium skin between pagoda joint and the glass tube, the other end of glass tube is through being fixed with double-deck gauze.
7. the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the quantity of pressure tap is 30, is the 6X5 matrix distribution.
8. the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: also be provided with monitoring holes on the seepage tank; The inboard of described monitoring holes is connected with the pagoda joint; It is straight-through that the outside is connected with outer silk, is connected with glass tube on the pagoda joint, and an end of glass tube is fixed with through silicone tube and is used for the electrode of Information Monitoring; The lead of electrode passes glass tube, pagoda joint and straight-through with the outside instrument of outer silk is connected, in glass tube, pagoda joint and outer are led directly to all through glass cement or silicone rubber seal.
9. the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: also be provided with the flow field viewport on the described seepage tank; The inboard of flow field viewport is connected with the pagoda joint; It is straight-through that the outside is connected with outer silk, is fixed with the rubber sleeve that is loaded with red ink on outer silk is straight-through.
10. the groundwater contamination analog meter based on multi-layered aquifer groundwater flow system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the material of described simulated slot, porous plate and pipeline all adopts organic glass, and described water pipe is a silicone tube.
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