CN102515339A - Culturing method of biological flocculation for aquiculture - Google Patents
Culturing method of biological flocculation for aquiculture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culturing method of a biological flocculation for aquiculture, comprising the following steps of: (1) extracting culturing water to a culturing unit; (2) additionally providing a carbon source or/and a nitrogen source for the culturing unit so that the total carbon content in water is 5.5-45mg/L, the total nitrogen content is 0.55-2.25mg/L and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is (10-20):1; (3) placing cultured fishes into the culturing unit, wherein the released density is 5-30kg/m<3>; and (4) collecting flocculation when the total suspended solid (TSS) content of the water in the culturing unit is up to 100-500mg/L. The biological flocculation cultured by using the method provided by the invention is reasonable in nutritional composition, can be used as bait of aquatic animals and is simple in method, low in cost and suitable for popularization and use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of biological floc sedimentation, be specifically related to the cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of a kind of used for aquiculture.
Background technology
Biological floc sedimentation technology is based on the activated sludge process (AST of municipal effluent; Activated suspension technique); Being the inorganic nitrogen assimilation process of mikrobe, ammonia nitrogen etc. is changed into bacterial components, is comparatively one of proven technique of using in the Wastewater Treated by Activated Sludge Process municipal wastewater.Compare with traditional sewage disposal technology; Biological floc sedimentation technology has aspect water treatment efficiently, ecological security, be prone to degrade and effect unique such as non-secondary pollution; No matter in giving water treatment, still in wastewater treatment, all obtain extensive studies and application more, received the researchist's in many fields such as environmental engineering, chemical, metallurgy concern.
Biological in recent years floc sedimentation technology is being brought into play indispensable vital role at biological field; Especially the application on marine industry; Its appearance is derived from the quick conversion that it not only can realize the water body ammonia nitrogen; Play the effect of stabilizing water quality, a kind of protein-high bait that can ingest as omnivory and filter-feeding fish simultaneously, reduction feed cost.Current, in the aquaculture activity, cultured fishes only can be digested and assimilated the protein of 20%-25% in the bait of throwing something and feeding, and remaining form with ammonia nitrogen, residual bait and ight soil is present in the cultivation water environment.For the ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture water and residual bait and ight soil, a kind of treatment process is to change water, can consume great lot of water resources like this.It is estimated that the prawn of culturing 1kg will consume 20m
3The cleaning water source, the fish of culturing 1kg approximately will consume 2-10m
3The cleaning water source; Second method is breeding water to be handled again utilize, i.e. circulating water culture system.The circulating water culture system water saving, but cost is higher, has limited its further popularization.Nowadays, (Bio-floc Technology BFT) is considered to solve environmental constraints that the aquaculture industry development faced and effective substitute technology of feed cost to biological floc sedimentation technology, has both reduced the bait cost, has solved the quality problem in the breeding process again.
Although the notion that the beginning of the eighties, biological floc sedimentation technology (BFT) industrialness was produced has just put forward, that is that all right is ripe for this technology so far.Especially the application in aquaculture is also fewer; This be because: the process of cultivating the required bait of aquatic animal through biological copolymerization technique is complicated, a dynamic process; Participate in when not only needing human consumer (hydrocoles), producer's (plant-animal swim) and the decomposer (mikrobe) in the water surrounding, and whole process is a phase change and progressively perfect system.Therefore, how to optimize the culture condition of biological floc sedimentation, be met the bait of aquatic animal nutrition demand, be still a research focus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of a kind of used for aquiculture.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is:
The cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of a kind of used for aquiculture comprises the steps:
1) extracts breed water to cultivating in the unit;
2) additional carbon is or/and nitrogenous source, makes that the total content of carbon is 5.5 ~ 45 mg/L in the water body to cultivating in the unit, and the total content of nitrogen is 0.55 ~ 2.25 mg/L, and C/N ratio is 10 ~ 20:1;
3) will culture fish and put in a suitable place to breed in the cultivation unit, breeding density is 5 ~ 30kg/m
3
When 4) waiting to cultivate in the unit water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) and reach 100mg/L ~ 500mg/L, collect floc sedimentation and get final product.
Preferably, the breed water that the said breed water of step 1) is ominivore-fish, its water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50mg/L.
Preferably, step 2) said carbon source is made up of in syrup, wheat-flour, starch, the glucose one or more.
Preferably, step 2) said nitrogenous source is made up of in organonitrogen, the inorganic nitrogen one or more.
Preferably, the said breed of step 3) fish is an ominivore-fish.
Preferably, said ominivore-fish is any in grass carp, crucian, tilapia, carp, the grey mullet etc.
Preferably, in the biological floc sedimentation culturing process, water body is wanted abundant aeration in the cultivation unit, and the water body dissolved oxygen maintains 5 ~ 8mg/L, and the pH value maintains 6 ~ 8, and temperature maintenance is more than 20 ℃.
Cultural method of the present invention has following characteristics: 1) through additional carbon or/and nitrogenous source to cultivating in the unit; Make that the total content of carbon is 5.5 ~ 45 mg/L in the water body, the total content of nitrogen is 0.55 ~ 2.25 mg/L, and C/N ratio is 10 ~ 20:1; Can effectively promote the formation of biological floc sedimentation; Resulting biological floc sedimentation trophic component is reasonable, can either also can be used with other feeds as the natural bait of hydrocoles; 2) through oxygenic aeration in cultivating the unit, improve the mixture strength of water body, thereby increased the agglomerating frequency of biofloculation and kept suspension.In addition, the metabolic ight soil of fish body can also be used and should invent as the nitrogenous source of cultivating in the water body, and with the nitrogen in the aquaculture water, conversion can be realized proteinic recycling by the tropina of aquatic animal utilization.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) cultivate the biological floc sedimentation that obtains through method of the present invention and mainly form by the plant-animal that swim, mikrobe etc., agglomerating at the water body flocculated suspension, the about 0.1 ~ 1mm of diameter; The floc sedimentation trophic component is reasonable, can be used as the bait of hydrocoles, and method is simple; Cost is low, is suitable for applying;
2) biological floc sedimentation cultural method of the present invention can be converted into the flocs unit that the aquaculture object can be ingested with the particulate organic matter in the water body, dissolved organic matter and inorganic nitrogen efficiently; Thereby improved water quality; Water body after floc sedimentation is collected is handled through preliminary sedimentation, but pump in addition recycle in the fish pond or the shrimp pool; Greatly reduce and culture the water purification cost, alleviate the pressure of breed environment.
Embodiment
The cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of a kind of used for aquiculture comprises the steps:
1) extracts breed water to cultivating in the unit;
2) additional carbon is or/and nitrogenous source, makes that the total content of carbon is 5.5 ~ 45 mg/L in the water body to cultivating in the unit, and the total content of nitrogen is 0.55 ~ 2.25 mg/L, and C/N ratio is 10 ~ 20:1;
3) will culture fish and put in a suitable place to breed in the cultivation unit, breeding density is 5 ~ 30kg/m
3
When 4) waiting to cultivate in the unit water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) and reach 100mg/L ~ 500mg/L, collect floc sedimentation and get final product.
Preferably, the breed water that the said breed water of step 1) is ominivore-fish, its water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50mg/L.
Preferably, step 2) said carbon source is made up of in syrup, wheat-flour, starch, the glucose one or more.
Preferably, step 2) said nitrogenous source is made up of in organonitrogen, the inorganic nitrogen one or more.
Preferably, the said breed of step 3) fish is an ominivore-fish.
Preferably, said ominivore-fish is any in grass carp, crucian, tilapia, carp, the grey mullet etc.
Preferably, in the biological floc sedimentation culturing process, water body is wanted abundant aeration in the cultivation unit, and the water body dissolved oxygen maintains 5 ~ 8mg/L, and the pH value maintains 6 ~ 8, and temperature maintenance is more than 20 ℃.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described, but is not limited thereto.If no special instructions, " % " in following examples all refers to mass percent.
Embodiment 1
The cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of a kind of used for aquiculture may further comprise the steps:
1) (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50mg/L) is in the PVC bucket of 5 * 2 * 1 specification for the breed water in extraction grass carp fish pond breed later stage;
2) measuring the intravital total nitrogen concentration of water is 1.5mg/L, adds syrup, and the total content of regulating carbon in the water body is 15 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 1.5 mg/L, and C/N ratio is 10:1;
3) with the long 8 ~ 25cm of body, the grass carp of body weight 10 ~ 120g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in the unit, and breeding density is 10 kg/m
3
4) wait to cultivate that water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in the floc sedimentation scoop Imhoff cones when reaching 100mg/L in the unit,, obtain stable biological floc sedimentation through 30 minutes deposition.
In the culturing process of biological floc sedimentation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration strengthens the degree of mixing of water body and makes water body be flow state, and the water body dissolved oxygen maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The breed water of collecting behind the floc sedimentation is handled through preliminary sedimentation, pump recycle in the fish pond or the shrimp pool once more.
Biological floc sedimentation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological floc sedimentation with collecting places baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry obtain the biological floc sedimentation amount of constant weight.Standard according to GB/T 14924.9-2001 is analyzed various nutrient composition contents in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter.Concrete data are following: contain in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter: crude protein: 29.14 ± 3.62%; Crude fat: 2.13 ± 0.21%; Robust fibre: 6.71 ± 1.86%; Ash content: 13.83 ± 0.80%; Glucide: 33.5 ± 1.66%.
Embodiment 2
The cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of a kind of used for aquiculture may further comprise the steps:
1) (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50mg/L) is in the cement pit of 6 * 2 * 1 specification for the breed water in extraction grass carp fish pond breed later stage;
2) measuring the intravital total nitrogen concentration of water is 2.0mg/L, adds syrup and urea, and the total content of regulating carbon in the water body is 45 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 2.25 mg/L, and C/N ratio is 20:1;
4) with the long 8 ~ 25cm of body, the grass carp of body weight 10 ~ 120g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in the unit, and breeding density is 20 kg/m
3
5) cultivate a couple of days, wait to cultivate that water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in the floc sedimentation scoop Imhoff cones when reaching 500mg/L in the unit,, obtain stable biological floc sedimentation through 30 minutes deposition.
In the culturing process of biological floc sedimentation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration strengthens the degree of mixing of water body and makes water body be flow state, and the water body dissolved oxygen maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The breed water of collecting behind the floc sedimentation is handled through preliminary sedimentation, pump recycle in the fish pond or the shrimp pool once more.
Biological floc sedimentation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological floc sedimentation with collecting places baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry obtain the biological floc sedimentation amount of constant weight.Standard according to GB/T 14924.9-2001 is analyzed various nutrient composition contents in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter.Concrete data are following: contain in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter: crude protein: 30.15 ± 3.32%; Crude fat: 3.25 ± 0.55%; Robust fibre: 7.24 ± 1.84%; Ash content: 13.83 ± 0.80%; Glucide: 35.1 ± 1.84%.
Embodiment 3
The cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of a kind of used for aquiculture may further comprise the steps:
1) (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=150mg/L) is in the cement pit of 6 * 2 * 1 specification for the breed water in extraction grass carp fish pond breed later stage;
2) measuring the intravital total nitrogen concentration of water is 2.0mg/L, adds syrup, and the total content of regulating carbon in the water body is 30 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 2.0 mg/L, and C/N ratio is 15:1;
3) with the long 8-25cm of body, the grass carp of body weight 10-120g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in the unit, and breeding density is 30 kg/m
3
4) wait to cultivate that water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in the floc sedimentation scoop Imhoff cones when reaching 400mg/L in the unit,, obtain stable biological floc sedimentation through 10 ~ 30 minutes deposition.
In the culturing process of biological floc sedimentation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration strengthens the degree of mixing of water body and makes water body be flow state, and the water body dissolved oxygen maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The breed water of collecting behind the floc sedimentation is handled through preliminary sedimentation, pump recycle in the fish pond or the shrimp pool once more.
Biological floc sedimentation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological floc sedimentation with collecting places baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry obtain the biological floc sedimentation amount of constant weight.Standard according to GB/T 14924.9-2001 is analyzed various nutrient composition contents in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter.Concrete data are following: contain in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter: crude protein: 30.14 ± 3.62%; Crude fat: 2.63 ± 0.61%; Robust fibre: 6.51 ± 1.56%; Ash content: 14.86 ± 0.60%; Glucide: 36.5 ± 1.86%.
Embodiment 4
The cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of a kind of used for aquiculture may further comprise the steps:
1) (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=150mg/L) is in the cement pit of 6 * 2 * 1 specification for the breed water in extraction grey mullet fish pond breed later stage;
2) measuring the intravital total nitrogen concentration of water is 2.0mg/L, adds syrup, and the total content of regulating carbon in the water body is 30 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 2.0 mg/L, and C/N ratio is 15:1;
3) with the long 8 ~ 10cm of body, the grey mullet of body weight 10 ~ 20g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in the unit, and breeding density is 5 kg/m
3
4) wait to cultivate that water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in the floc sedimentation scoop Imhoff cones when reaching 300mg/L in the unit,, obtain stable biological floc sedimentation through 20 minutes deposition.
In the culturing process of biological floc sedimentation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration strengthens the degree of mixing of water body and makes water body be flow state, and the water body dissolved oxygen maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The breed water of collecting behind the floc sedimentation is handled through preliminary sedimentation, pump recycle in the fish pond or the shrimp pool once more.
Biological floc sedimentation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological floc sedimentation with collecting places baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry obtain the biological floc sedimentation amount of constant weight.Standard according to GB/T 14924.9-2001 is analyzed various nutrient composition contents in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter.Concrete data are following: contain in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter: crude protein: 30.24 ± 3.62%; Crude fat: 2.63 ± 0.65%; Robust fibre: 7.51 ± 1.58%; Ash content: 14.66 ± 0.60%; Glucide: 36.5 ± 1.83%.
Embodiment 5
The cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of a kind of used for aquiculture may further comprise the steps:
1) (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=200mg/L) is in the cement pit of 6 * 2 * 1 specification for the breed water in extraction crucian fish pond breed later stage;
2) measuring the intravital total nitrogen concentration of water is 2.0mg/L, adds syrup, and the total content of regulating carbon in the water body is 30 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 2.0 mg/L, and C/N ratio is 15:1;
3) with the long 8 ~ 10cm of body, the crucian of body weight 10 ~ 20g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in the unit, and breeding density is 5 kg/m
3
4) wait to cultivate that water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in the floc sedimentation scoop Imhoff cones when reaching 350mg/L in the unit,, obtain stable biological floc sedimentation through 20 minutes deposition.
In the culturing process of biological floc sedimentation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration strengthens the degree of mixing of water body and makes water body be flow state, and the water body dissolved oxygen maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The breed water of collecting behind the floc sedimentation is handled through preliminary sedimentation, pump recycle in the fish pond or the shrimp pool once more.
Biological floc sedimentation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological floc sedimentation with collecting places baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry obtain the biological floc sedimentation amount of constant weight.Standard according to GB/T 14924.9-2001 is analyzed various nutrient composition contents in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter.Concrete data are following: contain in the biological floc sedimentation dry-matter: crude protein: 30.24 ± 3.62%; Crude fat: 2.63 ± 0.65%; Robust fibre: 7.51 ± 1.58%; Ash content: 14.66 ± 0.60%; Glucide: 36.5 ± 1.83%.
Embodiment 1 ~ 5 cultivates the biological floc sedimentation that obtains and mainly is made up of the plant-animal that swim, mikrobe etc., and agglomerating at the water body flocculated suspension, diameter is about 0.1 ~ 1mm, and the floc sedimentation trophic component is reasonable, and palatability is strong, can be used as the bait of hydrocoles.
Claims (7)
1. the cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of used for aquiculture comprises the steps:
1) extracts breed water to cultivating in the unit;
2) additional carbon is or/and nitrogenous source, makes that the total content of carbon is 5.5 ~ 45 mg/L in the water body to cultivating in the unit, and the total content of nitrogen is 0.55 ~ 2.25 mg/L, and C/N ratio is 10 ~ 20:1;
3) will culture fish and put in a suitable place to breed in the cultivation unit, breeding density is 5 ~ 30kg/m
3
When 4) waiting to cultivate in the unit water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) and reach 100mg/L ~ 500mg/L, collect floc sedimentation and get final product.
2. according to the cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of the said a kind of used for aquiculture of claim 1, it is characterized in that the breed water that the said breed water of step 1) is ominivore-fish, its water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50mg/L.
3. according to the cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of the said a kind of used for aquiculture of claim 1, it is characterized in that step 2) said carbon source is made up of in syrup, wheat-flour, starch, the glucose one or more.
4. according to the cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of the said a kind of used for aquiculture of claim 1, it is characterized in that step 2) said nitrogenous source is made up of in organonitrogen, the inorganic nitrogen one or more.
5. according to the cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of the said a kind of used for aquiculture of claim 1, it is characterized in that the said breed of step 3) fish is an ominivore-fish.
6. according to the cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of the said a kind of used for aquiculture of claim 5, it is characterized in that, said ominivore-fish be in grass carp, crucian, tilapia, carp, the grey mullet etc. any.
7. according to the cultural method of the biological floc sedimentation of the said a kind of used for aquiculture of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the biological floc sedimentation culturing process; Water body is wanted abundant aeration in the cultivation unit; The water body dissolved oxygen maintains 5 ~ 8mg/L, and the pH value maintains 6 ~ 8, and temperature maintenance is more than 20 ℃.
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