CN102515339B - Culturing method of biological flocculation for aquiculture - Google Patents
Culturing method of biological flocculation for aquiculture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culturing method of a biological flocculation for aquiculture, comprising the following steps of: (1) extracting culturing water to a culturing unit; (2) additionally providing a carbon source or/and a nitrogen source for the culturing unit so that the total carbon content in water is 5.5-45mg/L, the total nitrogen content is 0.55-2.25mg/L and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is (10-20):1; (3) placing cultured fishes into the culturing unit, wherein the released density is 5-30kg/m<3>; and (4) collecting flocculation when the total suspended solid (TSS) content of the water in the culturing unit is up to 100-500mg/L. The biological flocculation cultured by using the method provided by the invention is reasonable in nutritional composition, can be used as bait of aquatic animals and is simple in method, low in cost and suitable for popularization and use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of biological flocculation, be specifically related to a kind of cultural method of biological flocculation for aquiculture.
Background technology
Activated sludge process (the AST of biological flocculation technology based on municipal effluent, activated suspension technique), being the inorganic nitrogen assimilation process of microorganism, ammonia nitrogen etc. is changed into to bacterial components, is comparatively one of proven technique of applying in the Wastewater Treated by Activated Sludge Process municipal wastewater.With traditional sewage disposal technology, compare, the biological flocculation technology has efficiently aspect water treatment, ecological safety, easily degraded and the effect unique such as non-secondary pollution, no matter still in wastewater treatment, all obtain research more widely and application in giving water treatment, received the researchist's in many fields such as environmental engineering, chemical, metallurgy concern.
The biological flocculation technology is being brought into play indispensable vital role at biological field in recent years, especially the application on marine industry, its appearance is derived from the quick conversion that it not only can realize the water body ammonia nitrogen, play the effect of stabilizing water quality, a kind of high protein bait that simultaneously can ingest as omnivory and filter-feeding fish, reduce feed cost.Current, in the aquaculture activity, cultured fishes only can be digested and assimilated the protein of 20%-25% in the bait of throwing something and feeding, and the remaining form with ammonia nitrogen, residual bait and ight soil is present in cultivation water environment.For the ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water and residual bait and ight soil, a kind for the treatment of process is changed water, can consume great lot of water resources like this.It is estimated, the prawn of cultivation 1kg will consume 20m
3clean water source, the cultivation 1kg fish approximately to consume 2-10m
3clean water source; Second method is that breeding water is processed to recycling, i.e. circulating water culture system.The circulating water culture system water saving, but cost is higher, has limited its further popularization.Nowadays, biological flocculation technology (Bio-floc Technology, BFT) be considered to solve environmental constraints that the aquaculture industry development faces and effective substitute technology of feed cost, both reduced the bait cost, solved again the quality problem in the breeding process.
Although the concept that biological flocculation technology at the beginning of the eighties (BFT) industrialness is produced has just put forward, this technology is also immature so far.Especially the application in aquaculture is also fewer, this be due to: the process of cultivating the required bait of aquatic animal by biological copolymerization technique is complicated, a dynamic process, when not only needing human consumer (hydrocoles) in water surrounding, producer's (plankton) and decomposer (microorganism), participate in, and whole process is the system of a phase change gradual perfection.Therefore, how to optimize the culture condition of biological flocculation, be met the bait of aquatic animal nutrition demand, be still a study hotspot.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural method of biological flocculation for aquiculture.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of cultural method of biological flocculation for aquiculture, comprise the steps:
1) extract aquaculture water to cultivating in unit;
2) additional carbon or/and nitrogenous source to cultivating in unit, the total content that makes carbon in water body is 5.5 ~ 45 mg/L, the total content of nitrogen is 0.55 ~ 2.25 mg/L, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 10 ~ 20:1;
3) will cultivate fish and put in a suitable place to breed in the cultivation unit, breeding density is 5 ~ 30kg/m
3;
When 4) water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) reaches 100mg/L ~ 500mg/L in cultivating unit, collect floc sedimentation and get final product.
Preferably, the aquaculture water that the described aquaculture water of step 1) is ominivore-fish, its water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50mg/L.
Preferably, step 2) one or more in syrup, wheat-flour, starch, glucose of described carbon source form.
Preferably, step 2) one or more in organonitrogen, inorganic nitrogen of described nitrogenous source form.
Preferably, the described cultivation of step 3) fish is ominivore-fish.
Preferably, described ominivore-fish is any in grass carp, crucian, tilapia, carp, grey mullet etc.
Preferably, in the biological flocculation culturing process, cultivate water body in unit and want abundant aeration, Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5 ~ 8mg/L, and the pH value maintains 6 ~ 8, and temperature maintains more than 20 ℃.
Cultural method of the present invention has following characteristics: 1) by additional carbon or/and nitrogenous source to cultivating in unit, the total content that makes carbon in water body is 5.5 ~ 45 mg/L, the total content of nitrogen is 0.55 ~ 2.25 mg/L, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 10 ~ 20:1, can effectively promote the formation of biological flocculation, resulting biological flocculation trophic component is reasonable, can either, as the natural bait of hydrocoles, also can use with other feed formulations; 2) by oxygenic aeration in cultivating unit, improve the mixture strength of water body, thereby increased the agglomerating frequency of biofloculation and kept suspending.In addition, the ight soil of fish body metabolism, can also apply this invention as the nitrogenous source of cultivating in water body, and by the nitrogen in aquaculture water, the tropina that conversion can be utilized by aquatic animal, realize the recycling of protein.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) cultivate by method of the present invention the biological flocculation obtained and mainly formed by plankton, microorganism etc., agglomerating at the water body flocculated suspension, diameter 0.1 ~ 1mm, the floc sedimentation trophic component is reasonable, can be used as the bait of hydrocoles, and method is simple, cost is low, is suitable for applying;
2) biological flocculation cultural method of the present invention can be converted into by the particulate organic matter in water body, dissolved organic matter and inorganic nitrogen the flocs unit that the aquaculture object can be ingested efficiently, thereby improved water quality, water body after floc sedimentation is collected, through preliminary sedimentation, process, pumpable is to recycle in addition in the Huo Xia pool, fish pond, greatly reduce the purification cost of aquaculture water, alleviate the pressure of cultivation to environment.
Embodiment
A kind of cultural method of biological flocculation for aquiculture, comprise the steps:
1) extract aquaculture water to cultivating in unit;
2) additional carbon or/and nitrogenous source to cultivating in unit, the total content that makes carbon in water body is 5.5 ~ 45 mg/L, the total content of nitrogen is 0.55 ~ 2.25 mg/L, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 10 ~ 20:1;
3) will cultivate fish and put in a suitable place to breed in the cultivation unit, breeding density is 5 ~ 30kg/m
3;
When 4) water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) reaches 100mg/L ~ 500mg/L in cultivating unit, collect floc sedimentation and get final product.
Preferably, the aquaculture water that the described aquaculture water of step 1) is ominivore-fish, its water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50mg/L.
Preferably, step 2) one or more in syrup, wheat-flour, starch, glucose of described carbon source form.
Preferably, step 2) one or more in organonitrogen, inorganic nitrogen of described nitrogenous source form.
Preferably, the described cultivation of step 3) fish is ominivore-fish.
Preferably, described ominivore-fish is any in grass carp, crucian, tilapia, carp, grey mullet etc.
Preferably, in the biological flocculation culturing process, cultivate water body in unit and want abundant aeration, Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5 ~ 8mg/L, and the pH value maintains 6 ~ 8, and temperature maintains more than 20 ℃.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but be not limited to this.If no special instructions, " % " in following examples all refers to mass percent.
embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method of biological flocculation for aquiculture comprises the following steps:
1) extract the aquaculture water (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50mg/L) in grass carp breed in stew later stage in the PVC bucket of 5 * 2 * 1 specification;
2) total nitrogen concentration of measuring in water body is 1.5mg/L, adds syrup, and the total content of regulating carbon in water body is 15 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 1.5 mg/L, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 10:1;
3) by the long 8 ~ 25cm of body, the grass carp of body weight 10 ~ 120g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in unit, and breeding density is 10 kg/m
3;
4) in cultivating unit, water body total solids suspended substance (TSS), while reaching 100mg/L, is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in floc sedimentation collector Imhoff cones, through the deposition of 30 minutes, obtains stable biological flocculation.
In the culturing process of biological flocculation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration, strengthen the degree of mixing of water body and make water body be flow state, and Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The aquaculture water of collecting after floc sedimentation is processed through preliminary sedimentation, and pump is to recycle in the Huo Xia pool, fish pond again.
The biological flocculation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological flocculation by collecting, be placed in baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry, obtain constant weight biological flocculation amount.According to the standard of GB/T 14924.9-2001, various nutrient composition contents in the biological flocculation dry-matter are analyzed.Concrete data are as follows: in the biological flocculation dry-matter, contain: crude protein: 29.14 ± 3.62%; Crude fat: 2.13 ± 0.21%; Robust fibre: 6.71 ± 1.86%; Ash content: 13.83 ± 0.80%; Carbohydrate: 33.5 ± 1.66%.
embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method of biological flocculation for aquiculture comprises the following steps:
1) extract the aquaculture water (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50mg/L) in grass carp breed in stew later stage in the cement pit of 6 * 2 * 1 specification;
2) total nitrogen concentration of measuring in water body is 2.0mg/L, adds syrup and urea, and the total content of regulating carbon in water body is 45 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 2.25 mg/L, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20:1;
4) by the long 8 ~ 25cm of body, the grass carp of body weight 10 ~ 120g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in unit, and breeding density is 20 kg/m
3;
5) cultivate a couple of days, in cultivating unit, water body total solids suspended substance (TSS), while reaching 500mg/L, is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in floc sedimentation collector Imhoff cones, through the deposition of 30 minutes, obtains stable biological flocculation.
In the culturing process of biological flocculation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration, strengthen the degree of mixing of water body and make water body be flow state, and Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The aquaculture water of collecting after floc sedimentation is processed through preliminary sedimentation, and pump is to recycle in the Huo Xia pool, fish pond again.
The biological flocculation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological flocculation by collecting, be placed in baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry, obtain constant weight biological flocculation amount.According to the standard of GB/T 14924.9-2001, various nutrient composition contents in the biological flocculation dry-matter are analyzed.Concrete data are as follows: in the biological flocculation dry-matter, contain: crude protein: 30.15 ± 3.32%; Crude fat: 3.25 ± 0.55%; Robust fibre: 7.24 ± 1.84%; Ash content: 13.83 ± 0.80%; Carbohydrate: 35.1 ± 1.84%.
embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method of biological flocculation for aquiculture comprises the following steps:
1) extract the aquaculture water (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=150mg/L) in grass carp breed in stew later stage in the cement pit of 6 * 2 * 1 specification;
2) total nitrogen concentration of measuring in water body is 2.0mg/L, adds syrup, and the total content of regulating carbon in water body is 30 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 2.0 mg/L, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 15:1;
3) by the long 8-25cm of body, the grass carp of body weight 10-120g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in unit, and breeding density is 30 kg/m
3;
4) in cultivating unit, water body total solids suspended substance (TSS), while reaching 400mg/L, is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in floc sedimentation collector Imhoff cones, through the deposition of 10 ~ 30 minutes, obtains stable biological flocculation.
In the culturing process of biological flocculation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration, strengthen the degree of mixing of water body and make water body be flow state, and Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The aquaculture water of collecting after floc sedimentation is processed through preliminary sedimentation, and pump is to recycle in the Huo Xia pool, fish pond again.
The biological flocculation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological flocculation by collecting, be placed in baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry, obtain constant weight biological flocculation amount.According to the standard of GB/T 14924.9-2001, various nutrient composition contents in the biological flocculation dry-matter are analyzed.Concrete data are as follows: in the biological flocculation dry-matter, contain: crude protein: 30.14 ± 3.62%; Crude fat: 2.63 ± 0.61%; Robust fibre: 6.51 ± 1.56%; Ash content: 14.86 ± 0.60%; Carbohydrate: 36.5 ± 1.86%.
embodiment 4
A kind of cultural method of biological flocculation for aquiculture comprises the following steps:
1) extract the aquaculture water (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=150mg/L) in grey mullet breed in stew later stage in the cement pit of 6 * 2 * 1 specification;
2) total nitrogen concentration of measuring in water body is 2.0mg/L, adds syrup, and the total content of regulating carbon in water body is 30 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 2.0 mg/L, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 15:1;
3) by the long 8 ~ 10cm of body, the grey mullet of body weight 10 ~ 20g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in unit, and breeding density is 5 kg/m
3;
4) in cultivating unit, water body total solids suspended substance (TSS), while reaching 300mg/L, is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in floc sedimentation collector Imhoff cones, through the deposition of 20 minutes, obtains stable biological flocculation.
In the culturing process of biological flocculation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration, strengthen the degree of mixing of water body and make water body be flow state, and Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The aquaculture water of collecting after floc sedimentation is processed through preliminary sedimentation, and pump is to recycle in the Huo Xia pool, fish pond again.
The biological flocculation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological flocculation by collecting, be placed in baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry, obtain constant weight biological flocculation amount.According to the standard of GB/T 14924.9-2001, various nutrient composition contents in the biological flocculation dry-matter are analyzed.Concrete data are as follows: in the biological flocculation dry-matter, contain: crude protein: 30.24 ± 3.62%; Crude fat: 2.63 ± 0.65%; Robust fibre: 7.51 ± 1.58%; Ash content: 14.66 ± 0.60%; Carbohydrate: 36.5 ± 1.83%.
embodiment 5
A kind of cultural method of biological flocculation for aquiculture comprises the following steps:
1) extract the aquaculture water (water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=200mg/L) in crucian breed in stew later stage in the cement pit of 6 * 2 * 1 specification;
2) total nitrogen concentration of measuring in water body is 2.0mg/L, adds syrup, and the total content of regulating carbon in water body is 30 mg/L, and the total content of nitrogen is 2.0 mg/L, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 15:1;
3) by the long 8 ~ 10cm of body, the crucian of body weight 10 ~ 20g is put in a suitable place to breed and cultivates in unit, and breeding density is 5 kg/m
3;
4) in cultivating unit, water body total solids suspended substance (TSS), while reaching 350mg/L, is drawn into the floc sedimentation water body in floc sedimentation collector Imhoff cones, through the deposition of 20 minutes, obtains stable biological flocculation.
In the culturing process of biological flocculation, water temperature maintains more than 20 ℃, and the pH value maintains 6.5 ~ 7.5, and fully aeration, strengthen the degree of mixing of water body and make water body be flow state, and Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5mg/L-8mg/L, and water transparency is 20 ~ 25cm.
The aquaculture water of collecting after floc sedimentation is processed through preliminary sedimentation, and pump is to recycle in the Huo Xia pool, fish pond again.
The biological flocculation Analysis of Nutritional:
Biological flocculation by collecting, be placed in baking oven, and 102 ℃ of oven dry, obtain constant weight biological flocculation amount.According to the standard of GB/T 14924.9-2001, various nutrient composition contents in the biological flocculation dry-matter are analyzed.Concrete data are as follows: in the biological flocculation dry-matter, contain: crude protein: 30.24 ± 3.62%; Crude fat: 2.63 ± 0.65%; Robust fibre: 7.51 ± 1.58%; Ash content: 14.66 ± 0.60%; Carbohydrate: 36.5 ± 1.83%.
Embodiment 1 ~ 5 cultivates the biological flocculation obtained and mainly is comprised of plankton, microorganism etc., and agglomerating at the water body flocculated suspension, diameter is about 0.1 ~ 1mm, and the floc sedimentation trophic component is reasonable, and palatability is strong, can be used as the bait of hydrocoles.
Claims (1)
1. the cultural method of a biological flocculation for aquiculture, comprise the steps:
1) extract aquaculture water to cultivating in unit;
2) additional carbon or/and nitrogenous source to cultivating in unit, the total content that makes carbon in water body is 5.5～45 mg/L, the total content of nitrogen is 0.55～2.25 mg/L, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 10～20:1;
3) will cultivate fish and put in a suitable place to breed in the cultivation unit, breeding density is 10～30 kg/m
3;
When 4) water body total solids suspended substance (TSS) reaches 100 mg/L～500 mg/L in cultivating unit, collect floc sedimentation and get final product;
It is characterized in that:
The aquaculture water that the described aquaculture water of step 1) is ominivore-fish, its water body total suspended matter (TSS) >=50 mg/L;
Step 2) one or more in syrup, wheat-flour, starch, glucose of described carbon source form;
Step 2) one or more in organonitrogen, inorganic nitrogen of described nitrogenous source form;
The described cultivation of step 3) fish is grass carp;
In the biological flocculation culturing process, cultivate water body in unit and want abundant aeration, Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5～8 mg/L, and the pH value maintains 6～8, and temperature maintains more than 20 ℃.
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