CN112931366A - Microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system and method and application thereof - Google Patents
Microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system and method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of aquatic product culture, and discloses a microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological culture system and method and application of the microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological culture system and method in fishery and light integration. This ecological farming systems includes: a fish farming area (1) for farming fish; the ecological breeding area (2) is used for receiving tail water generated by the fish breeding area (1) and culturing bacteria and microalgae so as to purify the tail water and obtain microalgae liquid rich in microalgae biomass; the shellfish culture area (3) is used for receiving the algae liquid which is rich in microalgae biomass and comes from the ecological culture area (2) and taking the algae liquid as bait to culture shellfish. By adopting the system and the method, the fishery aquaculture water body can be quickly and efficiently purified, the processing cost of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient substances is reduced, the nutrient substances are converted into microalgae biomass resources for the next-stage aquatic products to eat, and the stepped utilization of the nutrient substances is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic product culture, in particular to a microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological culture system and method and application thereof in fishery and light integrated industry.
Background
At present, aquaculture is an important measure for farmers to become rich, so that a lot of research is devoted to high-density aquaculture. In the process of high-density culture, water quality is a key factor influencing aquaculture. In the process of relevant indexes of water quality monitoring, the content of dissolved oxygen and nitride in water is an important index for reflecting water quality. In the process of culturing the fishes and shrimps, when the dissolved oxygen in water is less than 3-5mg/L and the content of the non-ionic ammonia is more than 25 mug/L, the growth of the fishes and shrimps can be influenced, and even the fishes and shrimps are suffocated to die. In summer, fishes and shrimps belong to the vigorous growing seasons, the water quality is seriously polluted due to high excretion rate, and a large amount of bacteria and viruses are accumulated in water due to water deterioration, so that the death of the fishes and shrimps is induced. The cultivated wastewater contains nutrient substances of nitrogen and phosphorus, and if the cultivated wastewater cannot be treated in time and is discharged into the environment, eutrophication of water is easy to generate, the water quality is polluted, and red tide is caused. Therefore, the water quality needs to be strictly controlled in the high-density culture process, water changing treatment is carried out when necessary, the water changing amount is large, and the water changing frequency is high.
Shenyuchun et al (Shenyuchun, Xiong, Wanghe, Yefu. shrimp-fish-shellfish-algae cultivation structure optimization experimental research [ J ] aquatic biology newspaper, 2007, 31 (1): 30-38) researched a shrimp-fish-shellfish-algae multi-pond circulating water ecological cultivation mode (as shown in figure 1), specifically:
(1) the culture mode comprises 4 culture areas with different functions, such as prawn culture, fish culture, shellfish culture, large-scale seaweed culture and the like, 1 water treatment area and 1 emergency drainage channel. The water quality environment of the shrimp pond is biologically regulated by stocking economical animals and plants with complementary ecological niches in different ponds in a closed circulating system.
(2) In the technology, the algae cultivated in the algae cultivation area is large algae (such as gracilaria tenuistipitata), and the introduction of the algae plays a role in three-level purification and water storage and realizes the cultivation of economic crops.
(3) And a probiotic and microalgae culture area is arranged in the culture mode, the probiotic is used for degrading dissolved organic matters in the water body of the prawn pool, and the microalgae is used for providing natural bait required by the prawn culture initial stage.
Although the innovation of aquaculture modes of aquaculture such as shenyuchun promotes the development of the aquaculture industry to a certain extent, the innovation is limited in function and mainly embodied in the following aspects:
(1) the water treatment mode is limited to treatment, nutrient substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus are treated in the form of waste or non-economic crops, and the cost of the treatment link is high;
(2) the water body purification speed and effect in the culture mode are not ideal;
(3) the microalgae in the culture mode has the function of providing natural bait required by the prawn in the initial culture stage, and nutrient substances are additionally added in the process to cause water body pollution;
(4) the yield of aquatic products needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system and method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above objects, an aspect of the present invention provides a microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological culture system, including:
the fish culture area is used for culturing fish;
the ecological breeding area is used for receiving tail water, bacterial seed liquid and microalgae seed liquid generated by the fish breeding area, and culturing bacteria and microalgae in the ecological breeding area so as to purify the tail water and obtain microalgae liquid rich in microalgae biomass;
and the shellfish culture area is used for receiving the algae liquid rich in the microalgae biomass from the ecological culture area and culturing shellfish by taking the algae liquid as bait.
Preferably, the ecological culture system further comprises an organic matter degradation area arranged at the downstream of the fish culture area and at the upstream of the ecological culture area, and the organic matter degradation area is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the water body of the fish culture area to obtain first solid waste and first tail water, then carrying out organic matter degradation on the first solid waste, and conveying the first tail water to the ecological culture area.
Preferably, the ecological culture system further comprises a resource utilization area, wherein the resource utilization area is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on organic matter degradation products generated in the organic matter degradation area to obtain second solid waste and second tail water, then the second tail water is conveyed to the ecological culture area, and the second solid waste is subjected to resource utilization.
Preferably, the shellfish culture area is provided with an upper water layer and a lower water layer, the lower water layer is used for shellfish culture, and the upper water layer is used for aquatic plant culture.
The invention provides a microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing fishes in a fish culture area, wherein tail water is generated in the process;
(2) culturing bacteria and microalgae in an ecological culture area by using the tail water to purify the tail water and obtain an algae solution rich in microalgae biomass;
(3) and taking the algae liquid rich in the microalgae biomass as bait of the shellfish to carry out shellfish culture in a shellfish culture area.
Preferably, the method further comprises throwing aquatic products with appropriate density into the ecological breeding area.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system or a microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding method, which is applied to the fishery and photo-integration industry.
The technical scheme of the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:
1. the microalgae has diversified functions in the system and the method provided by the invention, for example, pollutants are absorbed, utilized and converted into biomass resources, rather than being treated singly, and the system and the method provided by the invention not only finish the treatment and utilization of the tail water of superior fishes, but also provide basically all biomass bait resources for the culture area of inferior shellfish (bacteria decompose macromolecular organic matters in the tail water of the fishes and are finally absorbed and utilized by the algae in the forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, thereby realizing the rapid and efficient purification of water quality (reducing the treatment cost of the tail water), and simultaneously generating a large amount of microalgae biomass for the edible use of the inferior shellfish (reducing or canceling the feeding of aquatic products of feed), the biomass bait is generated while the water body is purified.
2. Fish-algae-shellfish system design
The system and the method provided by the invention fully utilize the ladder-like nature of the culture water quality requirements of fishes and shellfishes and the ladder-like difference of corresponding tail water conditions, creatively and organically combine the high-density fish culture, algae and fungus culture, high-density shellfish culture and aquatic plant culture together to form an intensive and high-efficiency ecological culture system, purify the water quality under the combined action of algae, fungus, fishes, shellfishes and aquatic plants, achieve the purpose of restoring and rebuilding the water body ecological system, and realize the high-efficiency circulation and utilization of energy flow and material flow.
3. Under the optimal conditions, the organic matter degradation area and the resource utilization area are arranged at the downstream of the fish culture area and at the upstream of the ecological culture area, so that solid-phase substances in the fish tail water can be subjected to resource utilization, for example, fermentation into fertilizer or methane, thereby realizing the full utilization of waste and reducing the treatment cost.
4. Under the optimal condition, the shellfish culture area is provided with an upper water body and a lower water body, the lower water body is used for shellfish culture, the upper water body is used for aquatic plant culture, algae in the upstream water body provides bait for shellfish growth, meanwhile, excrement in the shellfish growth process can pollute the water body, the upstream bacteria decompose macromolecular organic matters again, and the growth of the algae which is not eaten by the shellfish and is brought by the surface aquatic plants and the upstream water body can absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances in the water, so that the water quality is stabilized, and the water quality is prevented from deteriorating.
5. According to the advantages of the invention, the traditional fishery breeding and water treatment mode is changed, and the quality improvement, efficiency improvement and resource utilization are realized.
6. The system and the method provided by the invention can also be used in the fishing and lighting integrated industry, so that the power generation is realized while fish culture is carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a multi-pond circulating water ecological breeding mode for shrimp, fish, shellfish and algae provided by the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a multi-pond circulating water ecological breeding mode for shrimps, fish, shellfish and algae provided by the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1 fish culture area, 2 ecological culture area and 3 shellfish culture area
4 organic matter degradation zone 5 resource utilization zone 6 bacteria culture device
7 microalgae culture device 8 carbon dioxide supply device 9 water treatment area
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system, comprising:
a fish culture area 1 for culturing fish;
the ecological breeding area 2 is used for receiving tail water, bacterial seed liquid and microalgae seed liquid generated by the fish breeding area 1, culturing bacteria and microalgae in the tail water to purify the tail water and obtain microalgae liquid rich in microalgae biomass;
and the shellfish culture area 3 is used for receiving the algae liquid rich in the microalgae biomass from the ecological culture area 2 and culturing shellfish by taking the algae liquid as bait.
According to the present invention, the fish species cultured in the fish culture zone 1 may be conventional various fishes, for example, may be, but not limited to, grass carp, silver carp, spotted silver carp, bream, mandarin fish, and grouper. In addition, conventional feed matching the breed of fish to be cultivated, which is commercially available, can be added to the fish culture zone 1. Correspondingly, the fish culture area 1 is preferably provided with a bait feeding unit.
Furthermore, the control of water quality and environmental conditions in the fish farm 1 will vary depending on the species of fish being farmed, all as is well known in the art. Wherein, the water quality and environmental conditions preferably comprise temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, liquid level, salinity, humidity, illumination and the like. Therefore, the corresponding fish farming area 1 is preferably further provided with a temperature measuring device, a dissolved oxygen measuring device, a pH measuring device, a turbidity measuring device, a liquid level measuring device, a salinity measuring device, a humidity measuring device, or an illumination intensity measuring device.
Generally, the fish-farming tail water obtained in the fish-farming area 1 includes residual baits, sludge, fish excrements and the like, and therefore, the fish-farming tail water is characterized by high concentration and high turbidity, and at the same time, water eutrophication is severe.
According to the invention, in order to fully utilize the fish culture tail water and simultaneously maximize the utilization of resources, the fish culture tail water is pretreated before being conveyed into the ecological culture area 2. Specifically, an organic matter degradation zone 4 is arranged at the downstream of the fish culture zone 1 and the upstream of the ecological culture zone 2 of the ecological culture system, on one hand, the organic matter degradation zone 4 needs to perform solid-liquid separation on the fish tail water (by arranging a solid-liquid separation device), and the separated first tail water is conveyed to the ecological culture zone 2 through a pipeline; on the other hand, organic matter degradation (by being provided with an organic matter degradation device) needs to be carried out on the first solid waste obtained by separation.
The method for degrading the organic matter may be a method conventional in the art, for example, an anaerobic biological treatment process.
According to the invention, in order to reduce the treatment cost of the waste liquid and the solid waste to the maximum and improve the economic value of the waste, preferably, the ecological breeding system further comprises a resource utilization area 5, and the resource utilization area 5 is arranged to perform solid-liquid separation on the organic matter degradation products generated by the organic matter degradation area 4 (by arranging a solid-liquid separation device), and then convey the second tail water obtained by separation to the ecological breeding area 2; on the other hand, it is necessary to recycle the obtained second solid waste (by providing a recycling device). Therefore, the resource utilization area 5 is arranged at the downstream of the organic matter degradation area 4 and at the upstream of the ecological culture area 2.
The second solid waste contains a large amount of organic matters, so that the resource utilization of the second solid waste can enrich resource raw materials and can treat the second solid waste at low cost or even zero cost. The method of resource utilization may depend on the potential value of the second solid waste, for example, it may be fermented to produce fermented animal feed, and it may also be fermented to produce biogas, which may be performed according to methods conventional in the art. In the process of resource utilization, the second solid waste can be treated separately, or can be added to the existing process according to the predetermined purpose to be used as a part of raw materials.
Preferably, a pipeline can be arranged between the resource utilization area 5 and the ecological culture area 2 to convey the third tail water generated in the resource utilization process of the second solid waste to the ecological culture area 2. It is to be understood that the third tail water is also preferably tail water obtained by subjecting the resource utilization product to solid-liquid separation (by providing a solid-liquid separation device).
According to the invention, although the tail water delivered to the ecological culture area 2 is pretreated under the optimal condition, the tail water still contains a large amount of high molecular organic matters and other nutrient elements, based on the characteristics, the bacteria and the microalgae are added into the ecological culture area 2, the bacteria can decompose the high molecular organic matters and other nutrient substances in the tail water to provide self-propagation energy and nutrition, in addition, a large amount of nutrient substances in the forms of nitrogen and phosphorus can be released in the decomposition process, and the nutrient substances can be absorbed and utilized by the microalgae in the decomposition process, so that a large amount of microalgae biomass is generated while the water body is rapidly and efficiently purified.
According to the invention, in order to fully utilize microalgae biomass in the ecological culture area 2, aquatic products with reasonable density, such as at least one of fish, shrimp and shellfish, can be added into the ecological culture area 2, and the microalgae biomass can be used as bait, so that the aquatic product yield of the ecological culture system is improved.
According to the invention, correspondingly, the ecological breeding system further comprises a bacteria culture device 6, a microalgae culture device 7 and a carbon dioxide supply device 8, which are respectively used for supplying bacteria, microalgae and carbon dioxide to the ecological breeding area 2. The bacteria culture device 6 may be a fermentation tank for culturing predetermined bacteria, the microalgae culture device 7 may be a photobioreactor or a fermentation tank for culturing predetermined microalgae, and the photobioreactor may be a continuous raceway pond photobioreactor.
According to the present invention, the bacteria may be of a species conventionally used in the art, for example, probiotics, and according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bacteria is at least one of bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, nitrifying bacteria, and bdellovibrio. The method for culturing the bacteria is well known to those skilled in the art, and for example, the bacteria seeds are inoculated into a corresponding culture medium and cultured under conditions suitable for the proliferation of the bacteria.
According to the invention, the microalgae can be conventional microalgae which can be used as bait for aquatic products, the specific selection can be determined according to the shellfish species in the downstream culture area, and the microalgae can be generally selected from chlorella, nannochloropsis, tetraselmis, diatom, chrysophyceae, chaetoceros, hainanensis, pavlova and the like. The method for culturing microalgae is well known to those skilled in the art, for example, microalgae seeds are inoculated into a corresponding culture medium and cultured under conditions suitable for proliferation of microalgae.
According to the invention, the amount of bacteria and microalgae added to the ecological culture area 2 can be varied within a wide range, and preferably, the amount of bacteria added is 0.02-0.2g (calculated by fermentation liquor) and the amount of microalgae added is 0.01-0.1g (calculated by algae liquor) relative to 1L of the tail water.
According to the invention, the water quality and environmental conditions in the ecological culture area 2 can be different according to the types of bacteria and microalgae, taking the bacteria as bacillus and the microalgae as nannochloropsis, the temperature can be 20-30 ℃, the dissolved oxygen can be 0-60ppm, the pH can be 6.5-9, the liquid level can be 0.3-0.6m, the salinity can be 15-35 per thousand, and the illumination can be 2500-. Therefore, the corresponding fish farming area 1 is also preferably provided with a temperature measuring device, a dissolved oxygen measuring device, a pH measuring device, a turbidity measuring device, a liquid level measuring device, a salinity measuring device, or an illumination intensity measuring device.
According to the invention, a shellfish culture area is arranged at the downstream of the ecological culture area 2, therefore, a large amount of microalgae biomass formed in the ecological culture area 2 can be used as shellfish bait, and according to a preferable setting method of the invention, the culture density of the shellfish is such that the consumption amount of microalgae of the shellfish is equal to or less than the amount of microalgae biomass available in the ecological culture area 2.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to more effectively stabilize the water quality of the shellfish culture area 3 and prevent the water quality from deteriorating, it is preferred that the shellfish culture area 3 is configured as a continuous raceway pond and is divided into an upper water body and a lower water body, wherein the lower water body is used for shellfish culture, and the upper water body is used for aquatic plant culture, such configuration is such that the microalgae biomass in the upstream water body provides bait for shellfish growth, meanwhile, the excretion in the shellfish growth process pollutes the water body, the upstream bacteria decompose the high molecular organic matter again, and the growth of the surface aquatic plants and the microalgae which is not eaten by shellfish can absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances in the water, thereby stabilizing the water quality and preventing the water quality from deteriorating.
According to the present invention, the aquatic plant may be any conventional aquatic plant suitable for growing in water, for example, a macrophyte, and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper water body is an artificial floating bed for cultivating aquatic plants.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, shellfish culture lattices are arranged in the lower water body and used for high-density culture of shellfish. The shellfish farming compartment may be a conventional compartment for shellfish farming, for example, a grid basket.
According to the present invention, furthermore, the control of the water quality and environmental conditions in the shellfish farming area 3 will also vary depending on the species of shellfish being farmed, all of which are well known in the art. Wherein, the water quality and environmental conditions preferably comprise temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, liquid level, salinity, humidity, illumination and the like. Therefore, the shellfish culture zone 3 corresponding thereto is also preferably provided with a temperature measuring device, a dissolved oxygen measuring device, a pH measuring device, a turbidity measuring device, a liquid level measuring device, a salinity measuring device, a humidity measuring device, or an illumination intensity measuring device.
According to the invention, the ecological culture system also comprises a water treatment area 9 which is used for treating the tail water generated by the shellfish culture area 3 and delivering the treated tail water to the fish culture area 1.
Among them, the tail water generated in the shellfish culture area 3 generally contains a small amount of organic matter such as algae, fungi, sludge accumulation and shellfish excrement, and therefore, in the treatment of the tail water, it is preferable to perform solid-liquid separation to obtain a fourth solid waste and a fourth tail water for the purpose of maximum utilization of resources. Therefore, preferably, the shellfish culture zone 3 is communicated with the organic matter degradation zone 4 through a pipeline for conveying the fourth solid waste to the organic matter degradation zone 4 for degradation. The tail water treatment can select a corresponding water treatment process in the prior art according to different water quality conditions, and the tail water is conveyed to the fish culture area again for circulation after meeting the requirements of the fish culture area 1, so that the water resource is recycled.
Preferably, the system further includes a raw water (fresh water) supply section for supplying fresh raw water (raw water generally refers to a natural water source collected in nature including ground water, spring water, reservoir water, sea water, etc., without any artificial purification treatment) to the fish-farming section 1 in the case where the reuse water is insufficient. When the water quality of the raw water meets the requirement of fish culture, the raw water can be independently communicated with the fish culture area 1 to provide the raw water for the fish culture area 1; when the water quality of the raw water does not meet the requirement of fish culture, the raw water can be communicated with the water treatment area 9, and the raw water and the shellfish culture tail water are treated in the water treatment area 9 and then are conveyed to the fish culture area 1.
According to the invention, in order to facilitate the automatic control and dynamic monitoring of the ecological breeding system, the ecological breeding system also comprises an online monitoring and control system which is used for monitoring and controlling the ecological breeding process;
preferably, the online monitoring and control system includes:
the on-site acquisition monitoring system is used for monitoring the water quality and the environmental conditions in the ecological culture system and acquiring data;
the central data processing system is used for collecting, storing, calculating, receiving terminal commands and sending commands for the data collected by the field collection monitoring system;
the terminal cloud interconnection system is used for receiving the information transmitted from the central data processing system, storing the information in a cloud and presenting the information to a terminal user so as to analyze the data and adjust the culture scheme;
and the field adjusting system is used for transmitting the culture scheme adjusting information provided by the terminal cloud interconnection system to the central data processing system so as to carry out field adjustment on the culture scheme.
According to the invention, the water quality and environmental conditions are preferably selected from the group consisting of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, level, salinity, humidity and light. Correspondingly, therefore, the on-site collection monitoring system comprises a temperature measuring device, a dissolved oxygen measuring device, a pH measuring device, a turbidity measuring device, a liquid level measuring device, a salinity measuring device, a humidity measuring device or an illumination intensity measuring device.
In the terminal cloud interconnection system, data acquired by a field acquisition monitoring system are uploaded to a cloud end through a central data processing system, system information can be remotely inquired at any time and in any region through information terminals such as a mobile phone, a palm computer and a computer (the system information can be displayed to a breeding manager in a visual chart and curve mode), and meanwhile, a control decision can be made through analyzing and processing the data, so that the control principle of 'automatic control, unattended operation, emergency alarm and human intervention' in the real sense of a breeding area is realized.
In the field regulation system, the culture manager can provide various acousto-optic alarm information according to the aquaculture requirement. When the related parameter indexes do not meet the set standard, the system automatically opens or closes the designated equipment to realize automatic monitoring, automatic adjustment and human intervention.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing fishes in a fish culture area, wherein tail water is generated in the process;
(2) culturing bacteria and microalgae in an ecological culture area by using the tail water to purify the tail water and obtain an algae solution rich in microalgae biomass;
(3) and taking the algae liquid rich in the microalgae biomass as bait of the shellfish to carry out shellfish culture in a shellfish culture area.
The specific culture method has been described in detail in the above first aspect, and will not be repeated here.
The invention provides an application of the microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system or the microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding method in the fishery and light integration industry.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
Example 1
This example is used to illustrate the microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system and method provided by the present invention
This is explained below with reference to fig. 2.
In the fish-farming area 1, a bait feeding device, and a temperature measuring device, a dissolved oxygen amount measuring device, a pH measuring device, a turbidity measuring device, a liquid level measuring device, a salinity measuring device, a humidity measuring device, and an illumination intensity measuring device are provided. Fry and corresponding bait are thrown in the area, and the temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, liquid level, salinity, humidity and illumination are monitored in real time.
And a solid-liquid separation device and an organic matter reaction device are arranged in the organic matter degradation area 4, tail water generated in the fish culture area 1 is introduced into the solid-liquid separation device for solid-liquid separation, the separated first tail water is introduced into the ecological culture area 2 through a pipeline, and the separated first solid waste is subjected to anaerobic biological treatment in the organic matter reaction device for organic matter degradation.
And a solid-liquid separation device and a resource utilization device are arranged in the resource utilization area 5, organic matter degradation products are introduced into the solid-liquid separation device, the separated second tail water is introduced into the ecological culture area 2 through a pipeline, resource treatment (feed or methane preparation through fermentation) is carried out on the separated second solid waste, and the tail water generated after treatment is introduced into the ecological culture area 2 through a pipeline after solid-liquid separation in the solid-liquid separation device.
In ecological breed district 2, be provided with temperature measuring device, dissolved oxygen volume measuring device, pH measuring device, turbidity measuring device, liquid level measuring device, salinity measuring device, humidity measuring device and illumination intensity measuring device. In this zone, 0.02 to 0.2g of bacillus fermentation broth and 0.01 to 0.1g of nannochloropsis algae broth are introduced from a bacteria culture apparatus 6 and a microalgae culture apparatus 7 (photobioreactor) into 1L of tail water, and carbon dioxide required for the growth of algae is supplied from a carbon dioxide supply apparatus 8, and appropriate amounts of fry, shrimp fry and shellfish are added for cultivation. In the zone, the temperature is controlled at 20-30 deg.C, the dissolved oxygen content is 0-60ppm, the pH is 6.5-9, the liquid level is 0.3-0.6m, and the salinity is 15-35‰The illumination is 2500-100000 lux. In the region, the bacillus can decompose other nutrients such as high molecular organic matters in the tail water to provide self-propagating energy and nutrition, in addition, a large amount of nutrients in the forms of nitrogen and phosphorus can be released in the decomposition process, and the nutrients can be absorbed and utilized by the microalgae in the tail water, so that a large amount of microalgae biomass is generated while the water body is purified quickly and efficiently, and the thrown fish, shrimps and shellfish can be used as bait. In this zone, the turbidity was monitored to evaluate the purification effect on the tail water (turbidity of the previous 30 days was used as an evaluation index, values were taken every 5 days, and the average values were recorded), and the results are shown in table 1.
In the shellfish culture area 3, which is a continuous raceway pond, a water body is arranged into an upper layer and a lower layer, an artificial floating bed is arranged on the upper layer of the water body, and large aquatic plants are cultivated on the floating bed; the lower layer water body is used for placing the grid iron basket of the shellfish for high-density culture of the shellfish, and microalgae biomass provided by the upstream ecological culture area 2 is used as bait. Meanwhile, a temperature measuring device, a dissolved oxygen measuring device, a pH measuring device, a turbidity measuring device, a liquid level measuring device, a salinity measuring device, a humidity measuring device and an illumination intensity measuring device are arranged, and the temperature, the dissolved oxygen amount, the pH value, the liquid level, the salinity, the humidity and the illumination are monitored in real time. Wherein, the microalgae biomass in the upstream water body provides bait for the growth of the shellfish, meanwhile, excrement in the shellfish growth process pollutes the water body, the upstream bacteria decompose macromolecular organic matters again, and the growth of surface aquatic plants can absorb substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water, thereby stabilizing the water quality and preventing the water quality from deteriorating. In this zone, the turbidity was monitored to evaluate the purification effect on the tail water (turbidity of the previous 30 days was used as an evaluation index, values were taken every 5 days, and the average values were recorded), and the results are shown in table 1.
In the water treatment zone 9, a solid-liquid separation device, a tail water purification device, a temperature measurement device, a dissolved oxygen amount measurement device, a pH measurement device, a turbidity measurement device, a liquid level measurement device, and a salinity measurement device are provided. The tail water purification device is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on tail water generated by the shellfish culture area 3, conveying solid waste after the solid-liquid separation into the organic matter degradation area 4 for treatment, purifying the tail water after the solid-liquid separation until the tail water meets the requirements of the fish culture area 1, mixing the tail water with raw water supplied by the raw water supply unit, and conveying the tail water to the fish culture area 1.
The system of the present invention further comprises: the on-site acquisition monitoring system is used for carrying out targeted monitoring and data acquisition on the temperature, the dissolved oxygen amount, the pH, the turbidity, the liquid level, the salinity, the humidity and the illumination of the fish culture area 1, the ecological culture area 2, the shellfish culture area 3 and the water treatment area 9;
the central data processing system is used for collecting, storing, calculating, receiving terminal commands and sending commands for the data collected by the field collection monitoring system;
the terminal cloud interconnection system is used for receiving the information transmitted from the central data processing system, storing the information in a cloud and presenting the information to a terminal user so as to analyze the data and adjust the culture scheme;
and the field adjusting system is used for transmitting the culture scheme adjusting information provided by the terminal cloud interconnection system to the central data processing system so as to carry out field adjustment on the culture scheme.
The aquaculture was carried out for 120 days according to example 1, and the yields of fish, shrimp and shellfish were as shown in Table 1, while the cost of waste disposal was recorded, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
This example is used to illustrate the microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system and method provided by the present invention
Aquatic products were cultured according to the system and method of example 1, except that no macrophytes were planted in the shellfish culture zone 3. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
This example is used to illustrate the microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system and method provided by the present invention
Aquatic product farming was performed according to the system and method of example 1, except that aquatic product was not placed in the ecological farming area 2. The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is used for explaining the existing aquatic product ecological breeding system and method
Aquatic product cultivation was performed according to the system and method of example 2, except that the ecological cultivation area 2 was not provided. Instead, a seaweed cultivation area (specifically, set according to the disclosure of shenyuchun and the like) is arranged at the downstream of the shellfish culture area 3 and at the upstream of the tail water treatment area 9, and corresponding baits are put into the shellfish culture area 3, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Note: the above data are relative to example 1.
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the system and the method of the invention can greatly reduce the waste treatment cost while improving the yield of aquatic products, and have good purification effect and high speed. In addition, the invention improves the quality of the shellfish culture water by purifying the tail water in the fish culture area and then using the tail water for shellfish culture, thereby improving the meat quality of the shellfish. By comparing example 1 with example 2, in the case where macrophytes are preferably planted in the shellfish culture area 3, the water quality thereof can be further improved, thereby improving the living environment of shellfish. Compared with the embodiment 3, the embodiment 1 has the advantage that the water product is preferably added into the ecological culture area 2, so that the total yield of aquatic products is improved under the condition of improving the yield of shellfish.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological culture system is characterized by comprising:
a fish farming area (1) for farming fish;
the ecological breeding area (2) is used for receiving tail water, bacterial seed liquid and microalgae seed liquid generated by the fish breeding area (1) and culturing bacteria and microalgae therein so as to purify the tail water and obtain microalgae liquid rich in microalgae biomass;
the shellfish culture area (3) is used for receiving the algae liquid which is rich in microalgae biomass and comes from the ecological culture area (2) and taking the algae liquid as bait to culture shellfish.
2. The ecological aquaculture system of claim 1, further comprising an organic matter degradation zone (4) disposed downstream of the fish culture zone (1) and upstream of the ecological culture zone (2) for performing solid-liquid separation on the water body of the fish culture zone (1) to obtain first solid waste and first tail water, and then performing organic matter degradation on the first solid waste, and delivering the first tail water to the ecological culture zone (2);
preferably, the ecological culture system further comprises a resource utilization area (5) for performing solid-liquid separation on organic matter degradation products generated by the organic matter degradation area (4) to obtain second solid waste and second tail water, and then conveying the second tail water to the ecological culture area (2), wherein the second solid waste is subjected to resource utilization;
preferably, the resource utilization area (5) is also provided with a pipeline for conveying the third tail water generated by resource utilization to the ecological breeding area (2).
3. The ecological breeding system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ecological breeding system further comprises a bacteria cultivation device (6), a microalgae cultivation device (7) and a carbon dioxide supply device (8) for providing bacteria, microalgae and carbon dioxide, respectively, to the ecological breeding area (2).
4. The ecological breeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shellfish culture zone (3) is provided as upper and lower water bodies, the lower water body being used for shellfish culture and the upper water body being used for aquatic plant culture;
preferably, the upper water body is an artificial floating bed;
preferably, shellfish culture lattices are further arranged in the lower water body.
5. The ecological breeding system of claim 2, further comprising a water treatment area (9) for treating the shellfish culture tail water generated in the shellfish culture area (3) and delivering the qualified water body to the fish culture area (1).
6. The ecological breeding system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ecological breeding system further comprises an on-line monitoring and control system for monitoring and controlling the ecological breeding process;
preferably, the online monitoring and control system includes:
the on-site acquisition monitoring system is used for monitoring the water quality and the environmental conditions in the ecological culture system and acquiring data;
the central data processing system is used for collecting, storing, calculating, receiving terminal commands and sending commands for the data collected by the field collection monitoring system;
the terminal cloud interconnection system is used for receiving the information transmitted from the central data processing system, storing the information in a cloud and presenting the information to a terminal user so as to analyze the data and adjust the culture scheme;
and the field adjusting system is used for transmitting the culture scheme adjusting information provided by the terminal cloud interconnection system to the central data processing system so as to carry out field adjustment on the culture scheme.
7. A microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) culturing fishes in a fish culture area, wherein tail water is generated in the process;
(2) culturing bacteria and microalgae in an ecological culture area by using the tail water to purify the tail water and obtain an algae solution rich in microalgae biomass;
(3) and taking the algae liquid rich in the microalgae biomass as bait of the shellfish to carry out shellfish culture in a shellfish culture area.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein prior to delivering the tailwater to the ecological farm, the method further comprises: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the tail water to obtain first solid waste and first tail water, then carrying out organic matter degradation on the first solid waste in an organic matter degradation area, and conveying the first tail water to an ecological culture area;
preferably, the method further comprises: carrying out solid-liquid separation on organic matter degradation products generated in the organic matter degradation area to obtain second solid waste and second tail water, then conveying the second tail water to the ecological culture area, and carrying out resource utilization on the second solid waste in a resource utilization area;
preferably, the method also comprises the step of conveying the third tail water generated by resource utilization to the ecological breeding area;
preferably, the resource utilization method comprises fermenting the second solid waste to prepare fertilizer or methane;
preferably, the method of organic matter degradation includes subjecting the first solid waste to anaerobic fermentation.
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the bacteria are selected from the group consisting of bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, nitrobacteria and bdellovibrio; and/or
The microalgae is selected from Chlorella, Nannochloropsis, Platymonas, diatom, Chrysophyta, Chaetoceros, Alternaria and Schiff algae;
preferably, the method further comprises placing an aquatic product, preferably selected from the group consisting of fish, shrimp and shellfish, in the ecological farming area.
10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising performing cultivation of aquatic plants in the shellfish cultivation area;
preferably, the shellfish is cultured in a lower water body of the shellfish culture area, and the aquatic plants are cultured in an upper water body of the shellfish culture area.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises: and treating shellfish culture tail water generated in the shellfish culture area, and conveying the water body reaching the standard after treatment to the fish culture area to serve as at least part of water body of the fish culture area.
12. The method of any of claims 7-11, wherein the method further comprises: in the process of cultivation, monitoring and controlling the water quality and environmental conditions of each stage;
preferably, the water quality and environmental conditions are selected from the group consisting of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, level, salinity, humidity and light.
13. Use of the microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding system of any one of claims 1 to 6 or the microalgae-driven high-density intensive aquatic product ecological breeding method of any one of claims 7 to 12 in fishery and photonics integrated industry.
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| CN115281126A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-11-04 | 邓昕泽 | Microalgae and aquaculture seedling culture circulation method |
| CN116076405A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-05-09 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Method for cultivating fish, shrimp and shellfish and artemia by utilizing nervonic acid microalgae |
| JP7493074B1 (en) | 2023-01-10 | 2024-05-30 | 青海光子生態有限公司 | Factory fish and algae aquaculture system and method |
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