CN102430904A - Auxiliary laser heating milling device and method - Google Patents
Auxiliary laser heating milling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102430904A CN102430904A CN2011103173140A CN201110317314A CN102430904A CN 102430904 A CN102430904 A CN 102430904A CN 2011103173140 A CN2011103173140 A CN 2011103173140A CN 201110317314 A CN201110317314 A CN 201110317314A CN 102430904 A CN102430904 A CN 102430904A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an auxiliary laser heating milling device and method. A laser focusing head is arranged on the traditional numerical control milling machine, and laser is introduced in through optical fiber to increase the local workpiece temperature so as to achieve the purpose of improving the material processability. A rotating workbench is additionally arranged on the condition that the laser focusing head and a milling cutter are fixed relatively, and the method of rotating a workpiece is adopted so that the workpiece direction relative to the laser incidence direction is changed and the auxiliary laser heating milling of the complex workpiece is hereby realized. The invention overcomes the defect that the auxiliary heating milling direction can not be changed and provides a new method for processing the complex workpiece made of the material which is difficult to process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of machining process; Especially a kind of LASER HEATING is assisted milling method; Be mainly used in field of machining, be applicable to the processing of difficult-to-machine materials such as high rigidity metal, engineering ceramics, composite, can increase cutter life; Improve working (machining) efficiency, promote crudy.The invention still further relates to the auxiliary Milling Process device of the LASER HEATING that realizes this processing method.
Background technology
LASER HEATING assisted machining technology is that high-power laser beam is focused on the surface of the work before the cutting edge; Material by the short time before excising in; To very high temperature the machinability of material is at high temperature changed local heat, adopt cutter to process then.Through material is heated, can improve the plasticity of material, can material fragility be converted into ductility; YIELD STRENGTH is reduced to below the fracture strength; Reduce cutting force, reduce tool wear, suppress Serrated Chip Formation and produce; Prevent to cut chatter, thereby reach the purpose that improves working (machining) efficiency, reduces cost, increases surface quality.
The auxiliary milling of LASER HEATING is a kind of mode of LASER HEATING assisted machining.Because milling is an intermittent cut process; Workpiece causes tool damage more easily to the percussion of cutter, and therefore, the auxiliary milling technology of LASER HEATING can reduce cutting force; Reduce the impact of cutter, improve cutter life and can improve machined surface quality workpiece.The foreign scholar has carried out the auxiliary milling test research of LASER HEATING to the stellite material, has proved the advantage of the auxiliary milling of heating, can when improving working (machining) efficiency, reduce tool wear.Aspect the ceramic material big in fragility, that difficulty of processing is high, adopt the auxiliary milling technology of LASER HEATING can make material change plasticity into by fragility, the significant cutting force that reduces in the process, smear metal becomes continuously, and obtains good finished surface.Yet what the processing characteristic of milling and the structure of milling machine were given laser and milling combines to have brought difficulty, and the relative position of laser and milling cutter can't be adjusted, and has caused Working position can only be a direction with respect to milling cutter.For having complicated groove, the isostructural complex part of die cavity, have only again clamping just can reach the softening purpose of LASER HEATING, this has just greatly limited the The Application of Technology scope.Therefore, need take all factors into consideration, solve the problem that combines of laser and milling machine, could realize the processing of complex-shaped workpieces from processing method and device aspect.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to make the auxiliary milling technology of LASER HEATING to can be applicable to the processing of complex part, proposed auxiliary milling complicated track processing method of the relatively-stationary LASER HEATING of a kind of laser focusing head and milling cutter and processing unit (plant).Use can the milling complicated straight line of this method, curvilinear path, realize the processing of complex-shaped workpieces.The auxiliary Milling Process device of the LASER HEATING that the present invention proposes; It is characterized in that; Comprise: CNC milling machine workbench, numerical control rotary table, main shaft, be fixed on milling cutter on the main shaft, focus head fixedly adjusting device, laser focusing head, optical fiber, YAG optical fiber output laser, industrial computer; Workpiece through heat insulation clamps on rotary table; The YAG optical fiber output laser can be exported the laser of prescribed energy through regulating electric current, and laser gets into laser focusing head through fiber optic conduction, and laser focusing head is fixed on focus head fixedly on the adjusting device; Focus head fixedly adjusting device is fixed on the lathe milling head, and industrial computer connects with each workbench and laser instrument through cable.
The invention still further relates to the auxiliary Milling Process device of a kind of LASER HEATING; It is characterized in that; Comprise CNC milling machine workbench, numerical control rotary table, two-dimentional travelling table, main shaft, be fixed on milling cutter on the main shaft, focus head fixedly adjusting device, laser focusing head, optical fiber, YAG optical fiber output laser, industrial computer, the rotary table pivot overlaps with the alignment of shafts, two-dimentional travelling table is fixed on the rotary table; Workpiece through heat insulation clamps on two-dimentional travelling table; The YAG optical fiber output laser can be exported the laser of prescribed energy through regulating electric current, and laser gets into laser focusing head through fiber optic conduction, and laser focusing head is fixed on focus head fixedly on the adjusting device; Focus head fixedly adjusting device is fixed on the lathe milling head, and industrial computer connects with each workbench and laser instrument through cable.
The numerical control code write method that the present invention proposes is to utilize method of coordinates transform, converts the conventional three-dimensional numerical control code into special numerical control code that complex part uses.The core of method is the coordinate transformation method through translation and rotation, and the course bearing that cutter promptly will be processed is transformed to parallel with the direction of laser incident, and point-blank, can not move the position of laser after the conversion and continue processing.When machining locus was curve, it was many little line segment approximating curves that curve is dispersed, and is that the direction of little line segment track is parallel with the laser incident direction, is rotated in the time of processing, can obtain the machining locus of curve.
The result that the method for selecting suitable technological parameter for use that the present invention proposes is based on FEM model selects to optimize.The cutting zone temperature is the auxiliary most important parameter of milling of LASER HEATING; The softening degree that has reflected local workpiece; Selected parameter need guarantee the cutting zone temperature within the specific limits; It is higher directly to obtain suitable technological parameter cost through the method for testing, and adopts method of emulation to save time, reduce cost, and can obtain suitable technological parameter.Set up model according to the size of practical work piece and divide grid, laser is regarded as be surface heat flux, load heat radiation and convection boundary condition, and revise the boundary after the condition, can obtain Temperature Distribution forecast model accurately through the temperature survey test.Adopting according to pilot system and can select technological parameter and carry out emulation, is optimization aim with the cutting zone temperature, combines the technological parameter selection characteristics of milling, can obtain final working process parameter.
The invention still further relates to the auxiliary milling method of a kind of LASER HEATING of utilizing said processing unit (plant) to realize, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
-with workpiece be placed on the numerical control rotary table or two-dimentional travelling table on and fixing, through moving the relative position that the CNC milling machine workbench changes numerical control rotary table and milling cutter;
The incoming position and the spot diameter of the relative position control laser facula of-adjustment laser focusing head make it to be radiated at the position that will remove material;
-plan machining locus, calculate the moving coordinate value of special rotating shaft, the output numerical control code;
-select to optimize working process parameter through the temperature field finite element simulation, obtain technological parameters such as laser power, cutting speed, the amount of feeding, feed speed, preheating time, laser facula centre distance milling cutter centre distance;
-open optical gate, make the cutting zone temperature reach processing request through preheating, process according to given numerical control code;
After-machining locus was accomplished, optical gate was closed, and milling cutter moves to next Working position.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, complex part is placed on the two-dimentional travelling table processes, said complex part is the workpiece with three-dimensional shape features.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, also comprise the step that changes the workpiece relative direction, be employed in the conventional three-dimensional coordinate and move the basis and go up the coordinate moving method that increases rotating shaft and write new numerical control code.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the coordinate moving method of described increase rotating shaft comprises two types of straight path and curvilinear paths.
According to another embodiment of the present invention; The step of selecting to optimize working process parameter through the temperature field finite element simulation comprises the models for temperature field of utilizing Finite Element Method to set up workpiece; For adding thermal target, select to optimize the auxiliary milling process parameter of LASER HEATING with suitable cutting zone temperature.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. the auxiliary milling system of LASER HEATING that adopts the method processing to need to set up does not need complicated light path system or laser focusing head mobile system, and system sets up simple and convenient, and easy operating can meet the demands through transforming present CNC milling machine.
2. can realize the auxiliary Milling Process of LASER HEATING of continuous straight line and curvilinear path, satisfy difficult-to-machine material complex-shaped workpieces processing request.
3. technological parameter is selected not need lot of test, saves time, reduces cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the auxiliary milling complex-shaped workpieces schematic representation of apparatus of the LASER HEATING of one of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the auxiliary milling complex-shaped workpieces schematic representation of apparatus of two LASER HEATING of embodiment of the present invention.
Caption is following:
1-CNC milling machine workbench, 2-rotary table, 3-travelling table, 4-workpiece, 5-slotting cutter, 6-milling machine spindle, 7-laser focusing head adjusting device, 8-laser focusing head, 9-optical fiber, 10-laser instrument, 11-industrial computer
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with implementation method and accompanying drawing the present invention is described further:
With reference to Fig. 1 and 2, the auxiliary Milling Process device of the LASER HEATING that the present invention proposes comprises: CNC milling machine workbench 1, numerical control rotary table 2, two-dimentional travelling table 3, main shaft 6, be fixed on milling cutter 5 on the main shaft 6, focus head fixedly adjusting device 7, laser focusing head 8, optical fiber 9, YAG optical fiber output laser 10, industrial computer 11.Work as processing linear, when the not high or existing milling machine of requirement on machining accuracy can not satisfy requiring of Processing Curve or fragile material, rotary table 2 was fixed on the CNC milling machine workbench 1, workpiece 4 through heat insulation clamps on rotary table 2.When needing Processing Curve, work brittleness material or requirement on machining accuracy higher to complex part; Rotary table 2 pivots overlap with the alignment of shafts; And increase two-dimentional travelling table 3; It is fixed on the rotary table 2, workpiece 4 through heat insulation clamps on two-dimentional travelling table 3.YAG optical fiber output laser 10 can be exported the laser of prescribed energy through regulating electric current; Laser gets into laser focusing head 8 through optical fiber 9 conduction; Laser focusing head 8 is fixed on focus head fixedly on the adjusting device 7, and focus head fixedly adjusting device 7 is fixed on the lathe milling head.Before the processing through the adjustment focus head fixedly adjusting device 7 change the laser incident directions, be incident on the spot diameter size of surface of the work, laser and milling machine are static relatively in the process, workbench moves the processing of realization workpiece with desired trajectory.Industrial computer 11 connects with each workbench and laser instrument 10 through cable, controls mobile, the laser energy of workbench and the switch of optical gate.
The present invention is directed to different processing works and original CNC milling machine and can adopt following two kinds of embodiments: embodiment one is for placing a numerical control rotary table on general NC milling machine workbench; Reach the effect that changes the workpiece relative direction, milling machine self workbench changes the workpiece relative position; Embodiment two is on the plain-milling machine workbench, to place a numerical control rotary table; The center of numerical control rotary table overlaps with the center of main shaft; Reach the effect that changes the workpiece relative direction; Simultaneously the two dimensional surface workbench is positioned on the numerical control rotary table, reaches the effect that changes the workpiece relative position.
Embodiment one: to processing linear, the occasion that the not high or existing milling machine of requirement on machining accuracy can not meet the demands.This square law device sketch map is as shown in Figure 1, and it is simple to adopt this scheme system to set up, and on the general NC milling machine, increases rotary table 2 and gets final product; At first adjust the position along a direction processing, when machine direction need change, milling cutter 5 promoted; Optical gate is closed, and rotary table 2 rotates to next position, so that machine direction is identical with the laser incident direction; Workbench 1 moves to postrotational Working position simultaneously, carries out the processing of next position after milling cutter 5 is fallen.But owing to laser incident relative position can't be adjusted in process at any time, only can the processing linear track.
Embodiment two: to needing Processing Curve, work brittleness material or the higher occasion of requirement on machining accuracy.This square law device sketch map is as shown in Figure 2; Two-dimentional travelling table 3 is positioned on the rotary table 2; Machine tool chief axis 6 is coaxial with rotary table 2 centers; Rotary table 2 only changes the direction of processing in the process of rotation, do not change the relatively move position of workbench 3 of milling cutter 5, and two-dimentional travelling table 3 has been formed three axles in the Milling Processes with the z axle of milling machine.Can guarantee this moment laser incident relative position can be in process adjustment at any time, therefore can satisfy the processing request of curvilinear path.Workpiece rotates the relative angle that changes laser incoming position and workpiece along with travelling table 3 moves with rotary table 2 in the process, and laser spot position does not need to change.In the process of processing; At first need close optical gate after processing one section straight path; Prevent that laser radiation is in other position in the process of workbench rotation; Optical gate is opened after the workbench rotation, begins to process next section track, and optical gate control is incorporated in the digital control system to guarantee the synchronous of system.
Utilize the auxiliary Milling Process device of LASER HEATING of the present invention to carry out workpiece and add man-hour; With workpiece 4 clampings on two-dimentional travelling table 3; Perhaps be fixed on the numerical control rotary table 2, through moving the relative position that CNC milling machine workbench 1 changes numerical control rotary table 2 and milling cutter.Select to optimize working process parameter through the temperature field finite element simulation before adding man-hour, obtain technological parameters such as laser power, cutting speed, the amount of feeding, feed speed, preheating time, laser facula centre distance milling cutter centre distance.Confirm machining locus according to traditional processing track formulating method, calculate the moving coordinate value of special rotating shaft, the output numerical control code according to the numerical control code write method.Open optical gate, make the cutting zone temperature reach processing request, process according to given numerical control code through preheating.Process after one section track, optical gate is closed, and rotary table rotates to next station, and optical gate is opened back processing and proceeded.After processing all discrete tracks in proper order according to this, close optical gate, machine, cutter moves to next work step.
During the processed complex workpiece, on two-dimentional travelling table, complex part is the workpiece with three-dimensional shape features with clamping workpiece, can be groove with certain track, die cavity etc.
When carrying out the operation that changes the workpiece relative direction, need write new numerical control code, move the coordinate moving method that increases rotating shaft on the basis at the conventional three-dimensional coordinate.The coordinate moving method that increases rotating shaft comprises two types of straight path and curvilinear paths.Trying to achieve during straight path will processing linear and the angle of processing linear, obtains the anglec of rotation; Need curve be dispersed during curvilinear path, little line segment approximating curve obtains the angle between each little line segment, thereby obtains the anglec of rotation.
The step of selecting to optimize working process parameter through the temperature field finite element simulation comprises the models for temperature field of utilizing Finite Element Method to set up workpiece, for adding thermal target, selects to optimize the auxiliary milling process parameter of LASER HEATING with suitable cutting zone temperature.
Claims (7)
1. a LASER HEATING is assisted the Milling Process device; It is characterized in that; Comprise: CNC milling machine workbench (1), numerical control rotary table (2), main shaft (6), be fixed on milling cutter (5) on the main shaft (6), focus head fixedly adjusting device (7), laser focusing head (8), optical fiber (9), YAG optical fiber output laser (10), industrial computer (11); Workpiece (4) through heat insulation clamps on rotary table (2); YAG optical fiber output laser (10) can be exported the laser of prescribed energy through regulating electric current, and laser gets into laser focusing head (8) through optical fiber (9) conduction, and laser focusing head (8) is fixed on focus head fixedly on the adjusting device (7); Focus head fixedly adjusting device (7) is fixed on the lathe milling head, and industrial computer (11) connects with each workbench and laser instrument (10) through cable.
2. a LASER HEATING is assisted the Milling Process device; It is characterized in that; Comprise: CNC milling machine workbench (1), numerical control rotary table (2), two-dimentional travelling table (3), main shaft (6), be fixed on milling cutter (5) on the main shaft (6), focus head fixedly adjusting device (7), laser focusing head (8), optical fiber (9), YAG optical fiber output laser (10), industrial computer (11); Rotary table (2) pivot overlaps with the alignment of shafts; Two dimension travelling table (3) is fixed on the rotary table (2), and on two-dimentional travelling table (3), YAG optical fiber output laser (10) can be exported the laser of prescribed energy through regulating electric current to workpiece (4) through heat insulation clamps; Laser gets into laser focusing head (8) through optical fiber (9) conduction; Laser focusing head (8) is fixed on focus head fixedly on the adjusting device (7), and focus head fixedly adjusting device (7) is fixed on the lathe milling head, and industrial computer (11) connects with each workbench and laser instrument (10) through cable.
3. the auxiliary milling method of LASER HEATING that utilizes claim 1 or 2 described processing unit (plant)s to realize is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
-workpiece is placed on that numerical control rotary table (2) is gone up or two-dimentional travelling table (3) is gone up and fixing, through moving the relative position that CNC milling machine workbench (1) changes numerical control rotary table (2) and milling cutter;
The incoming position and the spot diameter of the relative position control laser facula of-adjustment laser focusing head make it to be radiated at the position that will remove material;
-plan machining locus, calculate the moving coordinate value of special rotating shaft, the output numerical control code;
-select to optimize working process parameter through the temperature field finite element simulation, obtain technological parameters such as laser power, cutting speed, the amount of feeding, feed speed, preheating time, laser facula centre distance milling cutter centre distance;
-open optical gate, make the cutting zone temperature reach processing request through preheating, process according to given numerical control code;
After-machining locus was accomplished, optical gate was closed, and milling cutter moves to next Working position.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, complex part is placed on the two-dimentional travelling table (3) processes, and said complex part is the workpiece with three-dimensional shape features.
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that, also comprise the step that changes the workpiece relative direction, be employed in the conventional three-dimensional coordinate and move the basis and go up the coordinate moving method that increases rotating shaft and write new numerical control code.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the coordinate moving method of described increase rotating shaft comprises two types of straight path and curvilinear paths.
7. according to a described method among the claim 3-6; It is characterized in that; The step of selecting to optimize working process parameter through the temperature field finite element simulation comprises the models for temperature field of utilizing Finite Element Method to set up workpiece; For adding thermal target, select to optimize the auxiliary milling process parameter of LASER HEATING with suitable cutting zone temperature.
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