CN106484961B - A kind of method of determining slotting cutter milling process cutting heat allocation proportion - Google Patents
A kind of method of determining slotting cutter milling process cutting heat allocation proportion Download PDFInfo
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- CN106484961B CN106484961B CN201610837004.4A CN201610837004A CN106484961B CN 106484961 B CN106484961 B CN 106484961B CN 201610837004 A CN201610837004 A CN 201610837004A CN 106484961 B CN106484961 B CN 106484961B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of determining slotting cutter milling process cutting heat allocation proportion, and step is: calculating the surface heat flux of knife bits contact zone；Finite Element Simulation Analysis is carried out to milling cutter threedimensional model using ABAQUS software and obtains the temperature field result of milling cutter；Carry out the experiment of cutter thermometric, using OMEGA software tested in the multiple temperature measuring points in knife bar top temperature: the temperature extraction of corresponding points in simulation result is come out according to the position of temperature measuring points multiple in experiment and is compared with the temperature of temperature measuring points multiple on knife bar, hot distribution coefficient A% is adjusted according to comparing result, specific hot distribution coefficient value A% when simulation result differs ± 15% with thermometric experimental result, under this operating condition that you can get it.The method of the present invention has experimental period shorter, calculates accurate advantage, practical implementation effect is good.What be can be convenient carries out analog simulation using finite element analysis software, and is compared, is adjusted with simulation result by experimental data, to obtain more accurate hot allocation proportion result.
Description
Technical field
It is a kind of to determine cutting heat allocation proportion coefficient using finite element the present invention relates in slotting cutter Milling Processes
Method.
Background technique
Milling is one kind common metal cold working mode and turning the difference is that cutter is in main shaft in Milling Process
Lower high speed rotation is driven, and workpiece to be machined is in opposing stationary.This technique can be used to process plane, forming face, gear, ditch
Slot (including keyway, V-shaped groove, dovetail groove, T-slot, arc groove, helicla flute etc.), can also carry out hole machined, such as drilling, reaming,
Deng.Since the range of work is wide, so holding a high place in metal cutting.However, the temperature generated in milling process
It is an important factor for influencing cutter life and workpiece surface processing quality, to study the generation and variation of Milling Temperature, look for
It is always the important directions of high-speed milling research field with the changing rule of technological parameter to Milling Temperature.Therefore, cutting is probed into
Allocation proportion of the temperature in cutter, chip and workpiece is very important.
For hot distribution coefficient, it is generally recognized that it is 1:1 that heat, which is passed to cutter and the ratio of rest part,.Alternatively, pass through through
Test the approximate range of the available distribution coefficient of formula.Due to workpiece material, processing conditions and cutter material in milling process
The difference of material, hot distribution coefficient can also change therewith, and not be fixed and invariable, so accurate the present invention is directed to study
Hot distribution coefficient numerical value, to meet industrial needs.
Summary of the invention
The overwhelming majority is all the approximate range obtained by experience or formula in the existing method for probing into hot distribution coefficient,
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of determination combined based on finite element analysis and Experimental comparison in existing technical aspect
The method of the hot distribution coefficient exact numerical of milling process.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of determining slotting cutter milling process cutting heat allocation proportion
Method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: calculating the surface heat flux g of knife bits contact zone, comprising:
Firstly, milling cutter cutting heat power P is found out according to formula (1),
In formula (1): V is cutting speed, αnFor normal rake, αn=tan-1(tanαrcosαh), αrFor radial rake, αhFor
Helix angle；φnFor normal shear angle,
λ is that knife considers angle of friction, λ=19.1+0.29 α to be worth doingn(°)；
In formula (2), dFsFor the shearing force of infinitesimal, ηcFor the chip rate of outflow, η is enabledc=αh, ηsFor shear band flow direction
Angle,
In formula (3), λsIt is equal to α for cutting edge inclinationh,
In formula (4), h is feed engagement, and dz is infinitesimal length, and τ is average shear stress,
In formula (5), A is workpiece material yield strength, and B is workpiece material hardening modulus, and γ is strain,
N is work hardening index, and C is strain rate sensitivity factor,For strain rate,
Wherein, Δ y is to cut
Cut tape thickness, shear velocity
For with reference to strain rate, T is shear band temperature, T0For reference temperature, TmFor material
Expect that melting temperature, m are thermal softening coefficient；
Then, face heat flow density is acquired by the above-mentioned thermal power P obtained
Wherein, lcontactFor milling cutter with
The contact length of chip,
Step 2: heat transmitting finite element analysis is carried out to milling cutter threedimensional model using ABAQUS software, comprising:
Milling cutter threedimensional model and grid dividing 2-1) are established according to milling cutter used；
2-2) set milling cutter threedimensional model material properties, density, specific heat capacity including material of cutting-tool, the coefficient of heat conduction, poplar
Family name's modulus, Poisson's ratio；
2-3) load and boundary condition setting: using the face heat flow density of step 1 multiplied by hot distribution coefficient, that is, g × A% as
Load is applied to the bits contact area of the knife on milling cutter threedimensional model blade, wherein the first value that sets of A% is 50%；To entire milling cutter
Apply boundary condition, boundary condition is natural convection air；
2-4) temperature field of milling cutter is obtained after heat transmitting Finite Element Simulation Analysis；
Step 3: the temperature of the multiple temperature measuring points in knife bar top in the experiment of cutter thermometric is obtained using OMEGA software:
Thermometric experiment is carried out to cutter: multiple temperature collecting modules are installed on milling cutter shank, is equipped on the top of milling cutter more
A temperature measuring point, the temperature collecting module have acting thermocouple plug, are separately connected between the acting thermocouple plug and temperature measuring point
There is thermocouple, matched plug connector is equipped between the temperature collecting module and the computer；Using above-mentioned milling cutter to workpiece
Milling Process is carried out, after milling process, the temperature collecting module transmits the temperature of collected milling process milling cutter
To computer；The computer obtains the temperature of the multiple temperature measuring point on knife bar using OMEGA software；
Step 4: the final value of hot distribution coefficient A% is determined:
According in step 3 on knife bar the position of multiple temperature measuring points by the temperature extraction of corresponding points in step 2 simulation result
The temperature of the multiple temperature measuring point compares on the knife bar obtained out with step 3, if simulation result is tested greater than thermometric
As a result then reduce hot distribution coefficient A% according to 5%, otherwise increase hot distribution coefficient A%, repeat successively to execute step 2-3), 2-
4) and step 4, when meeting simulation result and differing ± 15% with thermometric experimental result, to obtain hot distribution coefficient A%.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Contemplated above technical scheme through the invention can carry out continuous temperature measurement to milling cutter and obtain under milling cutter stable state
Temperature field, and finite element modeling method is applied, not only simulation result can be made to be more nearly very the substitution of actual condition parameter
Real situation can also reduce experiment number, reduce experimental cost.And it by the comparison of experiment and emulation, can obtain various
Specific hot distribution coefficient value under different operating conditions.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the main view full sectional view that the knife handle and milling cutter assembly of temperature measuring equipment are equipped in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the knife handle schematic perspective view that temperature measuring equipment is equipped with shown in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the schematic perspective view of temperature measurement module bracket shown in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the main view of knife handle shown in Fig. 2；
Fig. 6 is that thermocouple temperature measurement thermal center point surveys arrangement schematic diagram on milling cutter in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is in the embodiment of the present invention using the schematic diagram of slotting cutter square shoulder milling；
Fig. 8 is the portion I partial enlargement diagram in Fig. 7；
Fig. 9 is slotting cutter and workpiece contact length and the schematic diagram of process time in cutting process shown in Fig. 8；
Figure 10 is the ABAQUS thermal force amplitude curve figure of cutting process shown in Fig. 9
In figure: 1- milling cutter shank, 2- upper cover plate, 3- acting thermocouple plug, 4- temperature collecting module, 5- temperature measuring point, 6- locking screw
Mother, 7- milling cutter, 8- milling cutter fixture block, 9- lower cover plate, 10- temperature measurement module bracket, 11- thermocouple, 12- lock-screw 13- jackscrew,
14- workpiece, 15- top wire hole, 16- temperature measurement module mounting hole, 17- screw hole, 18- thermocouple crossed beam trunking, 19- thermocouple threading
Hole, 20- jackscrew platform.
Specific embodiment
Elaborate below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing to the present invention, the present embodiment premised on inventive technique scheme,
It is made that detailed implementation method and specific operation process, workpiece material is TC4 Titanium Alloys for Aviation, and milling cutter is sandvick tetra-
Sword 10mm diameter slotting cutter, radial rake αrIt is 15 °, helix angle αhIt is 41 °；As shown in Figure 1, proposed by the present invention a kind of true
Determine the method for slotting cutter milling process cutting heat allocation proportion, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: calculating the surface heat flux g of knife bits contact zone, comprising:
Firstly, milling cutter cutting heat power P is found out according to formula (1),
In formula (1): V is cutting speed, αnFor normal rake, αn=tan-1(tanαrcosαh), αrFor radial rake, αhFor
Helix angle, in the present embodiment, αr=15 °, αh=41 °；φnFor normal shear angle,
λ is knife bits friction
Angle, λ=19.1+0.29 αn(°)；
In formula (2), dFsFor the shearing force of infinitesimal, ηcFor the chip rate of outflow, η is enabledc=αh, ηsFor shear band flow direction
Angle,
In formula (3), λsIt is equal to α for cutting edge inclinationh,
In formula (4), h is feed engagement, and dz is infinitesimal length, and τ is average shear stress,
In formula (5), A is workpiece material yield strength, and B is workpiece material hardening modulus, and γ is strain,
For work hardening index, C is strain rate sensitivity factor,
For strain rate,
Wherein, Δ y is to cut
Cut tape thickness (test and obtain by material crystals mirror image), shear velocity
For with reference to strain rate, T is shearing
Band temperature, T0For reference temperature, TmFor material melting temperature, m is thermal softening coefficient；In the present embodiment, workpiece TC4, material
Parameters are as shown in the table:
Then, face heat flow density is acquired by the above-mentioned thermal power P obtained
Wherein, lcontactFor milling cutter with
The contact length of chip,
Step 2: heat transmitting finite element analysis is carried out to milling cutter threedimensional model using ABAQUS software, particular content is as follows:
The threedimensional model of milling cutter is established according to milling cutter used, ABAQUS finite element emulation software is run, by the three of slotting cutter
Dimension module imports in the software, due to the complexity of milling cutter shape, needs to carry out profile reparation to model；
2-2) material properties of material of cutting-tool are inputted and are distributed on milling cutter model, material properties include material of cutting-tool
Density, specific heat capacity, the coefficient of heat conduction, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio；
2-3) the face heat flow density for obtaining step 1 is multiplied by hot distribution coefficient i.e. g × A% in the form of the heat flow density of face
It is applied to the bits contact area of the knife on milling cutter threedimensional model blade as load, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, width is step 1
The l being calculatedcontact, length is real cutting depth, wherein the first value that sets of A% is 50%；
There are four cutting edges for milling cutter in the present embodiment, and amplitude curve is arranged to the heat source on four cutting edges of milling cutter,
As shown in Figure 10, wherein peak value load timeCycle timeHere d is cutting depth, and D is that milling cutter is straight
Diameter.In Fig. 9, the time
The time interval that workpiece enters to next blade workpiece, this curve are left for a blade
It may be implemented to circuit sequentially load sequentially in time in same analysis step, when the total time of each curve is that analysis step is total
Between；
Because actual condition milling cutter is contacted with air will appear heat transfer phenomenon, boundary condition is set as milling cutter and integrally applies
Add heat exchange surface layer, the coefficient of heat transfer
Wherein k=0.024W/m DEG C is thermal coefficient, and D is milling cutter diameter；For unknown quantity Nu
=0.318Rer0.571, wherein coefficientω is the angular speed of milling cutter, ρ=1.29kg/m3For atmospheric density, μ=
1.983×10-5Kg/ms is air dynamic viscosity；
Grid dividing 2-4) is carried out to milling cutter using DC3D10 grid configuration, mesh shape is tetrahedron, runs operation journey
The milling cutter temperature emulated after sequence changes over time curve, obtains the company of milling cutter after as hot transmitting Finite Element Simulation Analysis
The temperature field of continuous variation.
Step 3: the temperature of four temperature measuring points in knife bar top in the experiment of cutter thermometric is obtained using OMEGA software:
The embodiment for carrying out thermometric experiment to cutter is as follows:
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, used milling cutter temperature measuring equipment includes being mounted on milling by temperature collecting module bracket 10
Four temperature collecting modules 4 on knife handle 1, such as Fig. 6, the top of milling cutter 7 sets that there are four temperature measuring points 5, as shown in Fig. 2, the temperature
Spending acquisition module 4 has acting thermocouple plug 3, is connected separately with thermocouple 11 between the acting thermocouple plug 3 and temperature measuring point 5；
It is the connection-peg and interface to match that matched plug connector is equipped between the temperature collecting module 4 and the computer.For
Guarantee knife bar temperature measuring equipment milling process dynamically balanced requirement, the processing of each component part required precision with higher.Institute
It states temperature collecting module bracket 10 to be process using high-strength aluminum alloy, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, main body is cylindrical shape, institute
Main body is stated equipped with eight top wire holes 15, eight top wire holes 15 are machined in 90 ° according to being radially evenly distributed in the side of main body
Four top wire holes of distribution, the milling cutter shank 1 are equipped with jackscrew platform 20 corresponding with eight 15 positions of top wire hole, and the jackscrew is flat
The method that platform 20 can use peripheral milling grinds four width of distribution in 90 ° as the plane of 5mm, adopts to jackscrew locking temperature
Collect module carrier 10, when assembly, two pairs of positions are corresponding up and down and four jackscrews of distribution in 90 °, four additional jackscrew rise for locking
Counterweight effect.
As shown in figure 4, radial symmetric sets that there are four for installing the mounting hole of temperature collecting module 4 in the main body
16, the mounting hole of the temperature collecting module 4 of four intervals, 90 ° of distributions can be processed using the processing method of wire cutting, it is described
It is transition fit between temperature collecting module 4 and the mounting hole 16.The top of each 16 inside of mounting hole is equipped with thermocouple mistake
Wire casing 18, the milling cutter shank 1 are equipped with thermoelectricity corresponding with 18 position of thermocouple crossed beam trunking and with the perforation of the axis hole of milling cutter shank 1
Even threading hole 19, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the thermocouple threading hole 19 can use in milling cutter shank 1 away from end face specified distance
Electrical discharge machining go out be mutually perpendicular to, the through-hole that diameter is about 5mm, to pass through thermocouple wire.The upper and lower side of the main body is processed
Have a screw hole 17, the top of the main body is equipped with upper cover plate 2, and the bottom of the main body is equipped with lower cover plate 9, the upper cover plate 2 with
It is connected respectively by lock-screw 12 between the main body, between the lower cover plate 9 and the main body.
The thermocouple 11 passes sequentially through thermocouple crossed beam trunking 18 in the main body, described from the acting thermocouple plug 3
The temperature measuring point 5 on 7 top of milling cutter is fixed on after thermocouple threading hole 19 on milling cutter shank 1；In two adjacent top wire holes 15
A jackscrew 13 is screwed in respectively, and jackscrew 13 withstands jackscrew platform 20, so that the temperature collecting module bracket 10 is locked at institute
It states on milling cutter shank 1.
The number for being mounted on the temperature collecting module 4 on milling cutter shank 1 is four, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 6, on the milling cutter 7
Portion is set there are four temperature measuring point 5, and there are four thermoelectricity for connection between four acting thermocouple plugs 3 and four, 7 top of milling cutter temperature measuring point 5
Even 11, the fixed structure between four thermocouples 11 and four temperature measuring points 5 is: on 7 top surface of milling cutter, the position different with the center of circle
It is the installation of TC aperture that 1mm, depth are respectively 2mm and 10mm that the place of setting, which processes two diameters, while in the side of milling cutter 7
Face, from milling cutter top surface to the installation of TC slot for processing a 2mm depth respectively at 20mm and 30mm.It generally can basis
The index type of the temperature range selection thermocouple of actual processing, such as T-type, K-type, one end difference of four thermocouples 11 is each
From in two the installation of TC apertures of insertion and two the installation of TC slots and guarantee thermocouple node contact to the bottom for processing hole
Portion, that is, temperature measuring point 5, and fixed using the resin with preferable heat-conductive characteristic.
As shown in Fig. 2, first the milling cutter 7 for being connected with thermocouple 11 is inserted by upper cover plate 2 through on milling cutter shank 1 when assembly
Into milling cutter fixture block 8, thermocouple wire is pierced by by the thermocouple threading hole 19 on milling cutter shank 1, by thermocouple wire and thermocouple
Plug 3 connects, and lower cover plate 9 is connect by lock-screw with temperature collecting module bracket 10, by the temperature with self-powered function
Degree acquisition module 4 is put into the temperature measurement module mounting hole 16 in temperature collecting module bracket 10, and the two is transition fit, is passed through
The machining accuracy of temperature collecting module bracket 10 is guaranteed, temperature collecting module bracket 10 is installed on milling cutter shank 1, will be hot
Galvanic couple plug 3 is connect with temperature collecting module 4, and extra thermocouple wire is fixed in knife handle outer circle, by upper cover plate 2 and temperature
Degree acquisition module bracket 10 is attached using lock-screw 12, is then adopted temperature using four jackscrews 13 of distribution in 90 °
Collect module carrier 10 to be fixed on knife handle 1, four additional jackscrew is installed to corresponding top wire hole as counterweight, finally by locking screw
Mother 6 is installed to lock milling cutter fixture block 8 on knife handle 1, thus fixed milling cutter 7.
Milling Process, after milling process, the temperature acquisition are carried out to workpiece 14 using the above-mentioned milling cutter 7 assembled
The temperature of collected milling process milling cutter is transferred to computer by module 4；The computer obtains knife bar using OMEGA software
Temperature at upper four temperature measuring points 5 show that temperature changes over time song at temperature measuring point using the extraction of OMEGA software temperature
Line；
Step 4: the specific hot distribution coefficient value A% under this operating condition is determined:
According in step 3 on knife bar the position of four temperature measuring points by the temperature extraction of corresponding points in step 2 simulation result
The temperature of four temperature measuring points compares on the knife bar obtained out with step 3, if simulation result is tested greater than thermometric
As a result then reduce hot distribution coefficient A% according to 3%, otherwise increase hot distribution coefficient A%, repeat successively to execute step 2-3), 2-
4) and step 4, when meet simulation result whether coincide with thermometric experimental result differ ± 15% when, to obtain this operating condition
Under specific hot distribution coefficient value A%.
Although above in conjunction with attached drawing, invention has been described, and the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementations
Mode, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art are at this
Under the enlightenment of invention, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, many variations can also be made, these belong to of the invention
Within protection.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of determining slotting cutter milling process cutting heat allocation proportion, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: calculating the surface heat flux g of knife bits contact zone, comprising:
Firstly, milling cutter cutting heat power P is found out according to formula (1),
In formula (1): V is cutting speed, αnFor normal rake, αn=tan-1(tanαrcosαh), αrFor radial rake, αhFor spiral
Lift angle；φnFor normal shear angle,λ is that knife considers angle of friction, λ=19.1+0.29 α to be worth doingn, unit is °；
In formula (2), dFsFor the shearing force of infinitesimal, ηcFor the chip rate of outflow, η is enabledc=αh, ηsFor shear band flow direction angle,
In formula (3), λsIt is equal to α for cutting edge inclinationh,
In formula (4), h is feed engagement, and dz is infinitesimal length, and τ is average shear stress,
In formula (5), A is workpiece material yield strength, and B is workpiece material hardening modulus, and γ is strain,
N is work hardening index, and C is strain rate sensitivity factor,
For strain rate,
Wherein, Δ y is to cut
Cut tape thickness, shear velocity
For with reference to strain rate, T is shear band temperature, T0For reference temperature, TmFor material
Expect that melting temperature, m are thermal softening coefficient；
Then, face heat flow density is acquired by the above-mentioned thermal power P obtained
Wherein, lcontactFor milling cutter and chip
Contact length,
Step 2: heat transmitting finite element analysis is carried out to milling cutter threedimensional model using ABAQUS software, comprising:
Milling cutter threedimensional model and grid dividing 2-1) are established according to milling cutter used；
2-2) set milling cutter threedimensional model material properties, density, specific heat capacity, the coefficient of heat conduction including material of cutting-tool, Young mould
Amount, Poisson's ratio；
2-3) load and boundary condition setting: with the face heat flow density of step 1 multiplied by hot distribution coefficient, that is, g × HA% is as load
The knife bits contact area being applied on milling cutter threedimensional model blade, wherein HAThe first value that sets of % is 50%；Entire milling cutter is applied
Boundary condition, boundary condition are natural convection air；
2-4) temperature field of milling cutter is obtained after heat transmitting Finite Element Simulation Analysis；
Step 3: the temperature of the multiple temperature measuring points in knife bar top in the experiment of cutter thermometric is obtained using OMEGA software:
Thermometric experiment is carried out to cutter: installing on milling cutter shank (1) multiple temperature collecting modules (4), is set on the top of milling cutter (7)
Have multiple temperature measuring points (5), the temperature collecting module (4) has acting thermocouple plug (3), the acting thermocouple plug (3) and thermometric
It is connected separately between point (5) thermocouple (11), matched grafting is equipped between the temperature collecting module (4) and computer
Part；Milling Process is carried out to workpiece (14) using above-mentioned milling cutter (7), after milling process, the temperature collecting module (4) will
The temperature of collected milling process milling cutter is transferred to computer；Computer is obtained the multiple on knife bar using OMEGA software
The temperature of temperature measuring point；
Step 4: hot distribution coefficient H is determinedAThe final value of %:
According to the position of multiple temperature measuring points comes out the temperature extraction of corresponding points in step 2 simulation result on knife bar in step 3
The temperature of the multiple temperature measuring point compares on the knife bar obtained with step 3, when meeting simulation result and thermometric experimental result
When difference ± 15%, hot distribution coefficient H is obtainedAThe final value of %；It is unsatisfactory for simulation result and differs ± 15% with thermometric experimental result
When, reduce hot distribution coefficient H according to 3% if simulation result is greater than thermometric experimental resultA%, on the contrary increase hot distribution coefficient
HA% repeats successively to execute step 2-3), 2-4) and step 4.
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| CN109571142B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-01-17 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Instantaneous temperature determination method and system for rake face of integral flat-head end mill |
| CN109918743A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-06-21 | 武汉理工大学 | The recognition methods of workpiece surface ploughing power in orthogonal cutting based on ABAQUS |
| CN109815622B (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2022-09-27 | 河北工业大学 | Simulation analysis method of TC4 flexural plate temperature field based on contact model |
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