CN112643099A - Dual auxiliary milling device and method for machining hard and brittle materials - Google Patents
Dual auxiliary milling device and method for machining hard and brittle materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN112643099A CN112643099A CN202011454260.8A CN202011454260A CN112643099A CN 112643099 A CN112643099 A CN 112643099A CN 202011454260 A CN202011454260 A CN 202011454260A CN 112643099 A CN112643099 A CN 112643099A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P25/00—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress
- B23P25/003—Auxiliary treatment of workpieces, before or during machining operations, to facilitate the action of the tool or the attainment of a desired final condition of the work, e.g. relief of internal stress immediately preceding a cutting tool
- B23P25/006—Heating the workpiece by laser during machining
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Abstract
The invention provides a double auxiliary milling device for processing a hard and brittle material, and relates to the technical field of milling of hard and brittle materials. The machining method comprises the steps of firstly heating and softening a to-be-machined area of a workpiece by using a laser heat source, reducing the hardness of a material, improving the cutting machinability of the material, and then performing ultrasonic auxiliary milling on the hard and brittle material by using a three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system formed by compounding the elliptical vibration of a workbench and the axial vibration of a cutter. According to the method, through laser heating softening and ultrasonic vibration assistance, the processing performance of the material can be improved, and the motion track between the cutter and the workpiece is also improved, so that the cutting force and the cutter abrasion are reduced, the material removal rate and the surface integrity are improved, and the problem of efficient and precise processing of the hard and brittle material is finally solved. The invention also provides a double auxiliary milling method for processing the hard and brittle materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hard and brittle material processing, in particular to a laser ultrasonic double auxiliary milling method and a laser ultrasonic double auxiliary milling device for processing hard and brittle materials.
Background
The hard and brittle materials such as ceramics, hard alloy, glass and the like have extremely wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, space technology, medicine, precision manufacturing and the like due to the excellent performances such as low density, high strength, high temperature resistance, wear resistance and the like. The key components made of these materials have a high service life and application characteristics compared to conventional materials by virtue of their excellent mechanical properties. However, the hard and brittle material can meet the requirements of higher dimensional shape precision and surface quality only by precision machining, and the high requirements on machining are provided due to the high hard and brittle property, low fracture toughness and the like of the hard and brittle material. At present, machining methods such as grinding, ultrasonic vibration milling and laser-assisted cutting can be adopted for machining typical hard and brittle materials. Ultrasonic vibration milling is a special processing method for processing hard and brittle materials, high-frequency vibration is applied to a cutter or a workpiece, the processing process is changed into an intermittent processing process, the ultrasonic vibration processing can reduce the macroscopic cutting stress of the processing surface, improve the processing quality and prolong the service life of the cutter, and the ultrasonic vibration milling is greatly developed in the processing of the hard and brittle materials such as zirconia, sapphire and the like. In the ultrasonic vibration milling processing mode at the present stage, due to the fact that the difficult processing characteristics of the hard and brittle materials are not changed essentially, the problems of serious tool abrasion and low material removal rate are still faced in the processing occasions with large material removal amount. The laser-assisted cutting processing utilizes the characteristic of high laser energy, and utilizes high-energy laser beam heating to generate local high temperature so as to thermally soften the workpiece material in a processing area, reduce the hardness of the material and improve the plasticity, thereby improving the cutting processing performance of the material. The patent innovatively combines ultrasonic vibration milling and laser-assisted machining for application to the machining of hard and brittle materials. The three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system is formed by compounding the elliptical vibration of the workbench and the axial vibration of the cutter, and the motion track between the cutter and the workpiece in the milling process is changed. A laser heat source is introduced into an ultrasonic vibration processing system to uniformly heat a region to be processed of the material, and finally a hard and brittle material processing system is established to solve the industrial problem of hard and brittle material processing. The processing method has the following beneficial effects on the processing of the hard and brittle materials: the laser heating softening and ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing method has the advantages that the problems of high hardness and poor cutting processing performance of materials difficult to process are solved by auxiliary heating of a laser field, the cutter and a workpiece are periodically contacted and separated, the cutting force, the cutting temperature and the cutter abrasion are favorably reduced, and the precision processing problem of hard and brittle materials is solved by auxiliary heating softening of the laser and ultrasonic vibration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the main technical problem of providing a laser ultrasonic double auxiliary milling method and a laser ultrasonic double auxiliary milling device for processing hard and brittle materials, which overcome the processing problem of the hard and brittle materials in the background technology and solve the industrial problem of processing the hard and brittle materials.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a dual auxiliary milling device for processing hard and brittle materials, which comprises: the ultrasonic vibration device comprises an ultrasonic vibration workbench, an ultrasonic knife handle, a laser auxiliary system, an adjusting clamp, a machine tool spindle and a fixing clamp;
the ultrasonic vibration workbench is arranged on the machine tool workbench through a fixing clamp; one end of the adjusting clamp is fixed on a machine tool spindle, and the other end of the adjusting clamp is connected with the laser auxiliary system; the ultrasonic knife handle is connected to the lower end of the machine tool main shaft along the axial direction;
the workpiece is placed on the ultrasonic vibration workbench, and the emergent light is focused on the region of the workpiece to be processed for heating by adjusting each joint of the adjusting clamp.
In a preferred embodiment: the ultrasonic vibration table generates elliptical vibration parallel to the surface of the workpiece.
In a preferred embodiment: the ultrasonic knife handle generates axial vibration during processing.
In a preferred embodiment: the axial vibration of the ultrasonic knife handle and the vibration of the ultrasonic vibration workbench are compounded to form a three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system.
In a preferred embodiment: the adjusting clamp is a universal rack so as to realize the positioning and fixing of the laser auxiliary system (3) on any processing point on the workpiece.
The invention also provides a double auxiliary milling method for processing hard and brittle materials, which adopts the processing device and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing an ultrasonic vibration workbench and an ultrasonic knife handle;
step two: combining a laser auxiliary system, installing an adjusting clamp to introduce a laser heat source into a machine tool, and building a laser ultrasonic vibration dual auxiliary milling system;
step three: and (3) fixing the workpiece on an ultrasonic vibration workbench for milling.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a laser ultrasonic double auxiliary milling method for processing a hard and brittle material. The method can improve the motion track between the cutter and the workpiece and improve the processing performance of the material, thereby reducing the cutting force and the cutter abrasion, improving the material removal rate and the surface integrity, and finally solving the problem of high-efficiency precision processing of the hard and brittle material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional component after the device is built;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a technical route of a processing method of a hard and brittle material;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a hard and brittle material processing method;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an ultrasonically vibrating platform;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a laser assist system;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the adjusting jig.
Description of reference numerals: the ultrasonic vibration machining device comprises an ultrasonic vibration workbench 1, an ultrasonic tool shank 2, a laser auxiliary system 3, an adjusting clamp 4, a machine tool spindle 5 and a fixing clamp 6.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "on" and "in" are used for the purpose of describing the present invention only and for the purpose of simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "fixed," "mounted," "connected," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, "connected," may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and connected between two elements.
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 6, a laser ultrasonic assisted milling method and a laser ultrasonic assisted milling device for processing a hard and brittle material according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown. The device comprises: the ultrasonic vibration machining device comprises an ultrasonic vibration workbench 1, an ultrasonic tool shank 2, a laser auxiliary machining system 3, an adjusting clamp 4, a machine tool spindle 5 and a fixing clamp 6.
The ultrasonic vibration workbench 1 is arranged on a machine tool workbench through a fixing clamp 6; one end of the adjusting clamp 4 is fixed on a machine tool spindle 5, and the other end of the adjusting clamp is connected with the laser auxiliary system 3; the ultrasonic knife handle 2 is connected to the lower end of the machine tool spindle 5 along the axial direction;
the workpiece is placed on the ultrasonic vibration workbench 1, and emergent light is focused on the region of the workpiece to be processed for heating by adjusting each joint of the adjusting clamp 4.
Firstly, an ultrasonic tool shank 2 is arranged on a machine tool spindle 5, then an adjusting clamp 4 is arranged to build a laser auxiliary processing system 3, a laser heat source is obtained through the laser auxiliary system 3, the laser heat source is utilized to uniformly heat and soften the area to be processed of a workpiece, the hardness of the material is reduced, and the cutting processability of the material is improved. An ultrasonic vibration workbench is arranged on a machine tool workbench by using a fixed clamp 6, and then milling processing is carried out on the hard and brittle materials by a three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system formed by compounding elliptical vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration workbench 1 and axial vibration of an ultrasonic cutter.
Referring to fig. 4, the ultrasonic working table of the present embodiment can generate elliptical vibration parallel to the surface of the workpiece, and the ultrasonic tool holder is any type of tool holder, and can generate axial vibration to form a three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system by combining with the working table.
Referring to fig. 6, the adjusting fixture in this embodiment is a universal stage, which can position and fix any processing point on the workpiece by the laser system.
The embodiment also provides a double auxiliary milling method for processing hard and brittle materials, which adopts the processing device and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: loading an ultrasonic vibration workbench and an ultrasonic knife handle;
step two: combining a laser system, building a laser auxiliary processing module, installing a clamp to introduce laser into a machine tool, and building a laser auxiliary ultrasonic vibration milling processing system;
step three: and (3) fixing the workpiece on an elliptical ultrasonic vibration workbench for milling.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The double auxiliary milling device for processing hard and brittle materials is characterized by comprising: the ultrasonic vibration device comprises an ultrasonic vibration workbench (1), an ultrasonic knife handle (2), a laser auxiliary system (3), an adjusting clamp (4), a machine tool spindle (5) and a fixing clamp (6);
the ultrasonic vibration workbench (1) is arranged on a machine tool workbench through a fixing clamp (6); one end of the adjusting clamp (4) is fixed on a machine tool spindle (5), and the other end of the adjusting clamp is connected with the laser auxiliary system (3); the ultrasonic knife handle (2) is connected to the lower end of the machine tool spindle (5) along the axial direction;
the workpiece is placed on the ultrasonic vibration workbench (1), and the emergent light is focused on the region of the workpiece to be processed for heating by adjusting each joint of the adjusting clamp (4).
2. The double auxiliary milling device for hard and brittle materials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasonic vibration table generates elliptical vibration parallel to the surface of the workpiece.
3. The double auxiliary milling device for machining hard and brittle materials as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the ultrasonic knife handle generates axial vibration during processing.
4. The double auxiliary milling device for machining hard and brittle materials as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the axial vibration of the ultrasonic knife handle (2) and the vibration of the ultrasonic vibration workbench (1) are compounded to form a three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system.
5. The double auxiliary milling device for hard and brittle materials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the adjusting clamp is a universal rack so as to realize the positioning and fixing of the laser auxiliary system (3) on any processing point on the workpiece.
6. The double auxiliary milling method for processing the hard and brittle materials is characterized by comprising the following steps of: use of the processing device according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: an ultrasonic vibration workbench (1) and an ultrasonic knife handle (2) are installed;
step two: the laser ultrasonic vibration double-auxiliary milling system is characterized by comprising a combined laser auxiliary system (3), an adjusting clamp (4) is installed to introduce a laser heat source into a machine tool, and a laser ultrasonic vibration double-auxiliary milling system is set up;
step three: and (3) fixing the workpiece on an ultrasonic vibration workbench (1) for milling.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011454260.8A CN112643099A (en) | 2020-12-10 | 2020-12-10 | Dual auxiliary milling device and method for machining hard and brittle materials |
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| CN202011454260.8A CN112643099A (en) | 2020-12-10 | 2020-12-10 | Dual auxiliary milling device and method for machining hard and brittle materials |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114137070A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-03-04 | 湖南工学院 | Method for identifying ultrasonic softening coefficient in ultrasonic vibration cutting of pipe threads of ore-raising |
| CN115194953A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-18 | 华侨大学 | Laser-assisted micro drilling device and method for hard and brittle transparent material |
| CN115533464A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-30 | 北京理工大学 | Laser double-modification auxiliary micro-machining process |
| CN117549147A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2024-02-13 | 河南理工大学 | Method and device for controlling stability of amplitude of ultrasonic scratch of single abrasive particle of hard and brittle material |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114137070A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-03-04 | 湖南工学院 | Method for identifying ultrasonic softening coefficient in ultrasonic vibration cutting of pipe threads of ore-raising |
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| CN115533464A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-30 | 北京理工大学 | Laser double-modification auxiliary micro-machining process |
| CN117549147A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2024-02-13 | 河南理工大学 | Method and device for controlling stability of amplitude of ultrasonic scratch of single abrasive particle of hard and brittle material |
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Application publication date: 20210413 |