CN102388231A - 机电式车辆制动器 - Google Patents
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- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
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Abstract
本发明涉及特别是组合式的机电式车辆制动器,其包括能液压操作的行车制动器和能机电操作的驻车制动装置,其中,在制动壳体(20)中由制动活塞(5)界定液压的工作压力室(6),为了执行行车制动所述工作压力室能被加载液压压力介质,以使所述制动活塞(5)能***作以实施沿活塞纵向轴线的制动作用,其中机电式操作装置借助传动装置(1)以如下方式作用在所述制动活塞(5)上:所述传动装置(1)将机电式执行器(7)的旋转运动变换成平移运动并且使所述制动活塞(5)***作以执行驻车制动过程并将其保持在***作的位置中,其中,所述传动装置(1)具有丝杠(2)和螺母(3),所述丝杠和所述螺母通过多个滚动体(4)彼此接触,其中,设置有弹性元件(10),所述弹性元件当无负载地操作所述传动装置(1)时允许所述滚动体(4)滑动并且当在负载下操作所述传动装置(1)时引起所述滚动体(4)的滚动。本发明提出:所述弹性元件(10)设置在所述滚动体(4)与构造在所述螺母(3)中的槽状的凹陷部(23)之间,所述凹陷部形成用于所述弹性元件(10)的止挡。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机电式/电机械式车辆制动器,优选组合式制动器,所述机电式车辆制动器包括能液压操作的行车制动器和能机电操作的驻车制动装置,其中,在制动壳体中由制动活塞界定液压的工作压力室,为了执行行车制动所述工作压力室能被加载液压压力介质,以使所述制动活塞能实施沿活塞纵向轴线的制动作用,其中,机电式操作装置借助传动装置以如下方式作用在所述制动活塞上:所述传动装置将机电式执行器/促动器的旋转运动变换成平移运动并且使所述制动活塞***作以执行驻车制动过程并将其保持在***作的位置中,其中,所述传动装置具有丝杠和螺母,所述丝杠和所述螺母通过多个滚动体彼此接触,其中,设置有弹性元件,所述弹性元件当所述传动装置无负载地***作时允许所述滚动体滑动并且当所述传动装置在负载下***作时引起所述滚动体的滚动。
背景技术
具有可电操作的驻车制动装置的液压式车辆制动器例如由DE 10150803B4公知。在在先公知的车辆制动器中设置有传动装置,所述传动装置按照螺母丝杠装置的作用原理将电动机的转动运动变换成制动活塞的纵向运动以便实现驻车力。根据一实施例,所述传动单元构造成所谓的“丝杠/循环球套装置(Spindel/Kugelumlaufbuechsenanordnung)”,所述丝杠/循环球套装置也被称为滚珠丝杠传动装置或循环球丝杠。所述滚珠丝杠传动装置具有丝杠和螺母,所述丝杠和所述螺母通过多个滚动体彼此接触。
由德国实用新型DE 7640810U公知一种具有滚动体布置结构的螺母,其不具有所谓的滚珠回引结构。所述滚动体在此可受限地在两个与螺母固定连接的止挡之间运动。这种布置结构的缺点在于,所述止挡作为销栓穿过一孔被从外部***到螺母中。因为对于从外部通入螺母中的孔必须精确地考虑螺母的螺纹线,所以制造很难。
另外存在一种可纯机电操作的制动器(EMB),所述制动器被设置用于线控制动式制动***并且需要原则上同样构造的滚珠丝杠传动装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,简化滚珠丝杠传动装置的制造,所述滚珠丝杠传动装置不仅适合在组合式制动器中使用,而且适合在可纯机电操作的制动器中使用。
所述目的通过权利要求1的特征来实现。在此提出,所述弹性元件设置在滚动体与构造在螺母中的槽状的凹陷部之间,所述凹陷部形成用于弹性元件的止挡。由此,通过在螺母中加工出供弹性元件支撑在其中的、槽状的凹陷部,在无附加构件的情况下将用于弹性元件的止挡集成在螺母中。
其它有利的特征可从从属权利要求中获知。
在本发明主题的特别有利的扩展构型中,槽状的凹陷部从螺母的螺纹线起沿切向延伸并且具有用于弹性元件的垂直的止挡面,所述弹性元件支撑在所述止挡面上。
本发明的另一个有利的扩展构型中设有第二弹性元件,所述第二弹性元件在另一端部处设置在滚动体与构造在螺母中的另外的槽状的凹陷部之间,该另外的槽状的凹陷部形成用于第二弹性元件的止挡。通过在螺母中加工出供弹性元件支撑在其中的、槽状的凹陷部,在无附加构件的情况下将用于弹性元件的第二止挡也集成在螺母中。该槽状的凹陷部构造成具有用于所述弹性元件的垂直的止挡面的、相对于螺母的螺纹线切向设置的空缺部。
对于螺母的制造过程提出,以冲击方法(Schlagverfahren)或以铣削方法在螺母中加工出所述槽状的凹陷部。
附图说明
下面借助于实施例结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。附图表示:
图1是具有可液压操作的行车制动器和可机电操作的驻车制动器的车辆制动器的剖视图;
图2a至图2c是根据本发明的螺母的不同视图;以及
图3是根据本发明的螺母的三维视图。
具体实施方式
图1中所示的液压式车辆制动器一方面具有可液压操作的行车制动器,另一方面具有可机电操作的驻车制动器。车辆制动器在所示例子中构造成浮钳盘式制动器,所述浮钳盘式制动器的通过液压操作引起的功能是本领域技术人员所熟知的,因此无需详细描述。机电式执行器7或电动机7用于操作驻车制动器,所述机电式执行器或电动机与两级传动装置、所需的传感器***以及电子控制单元22一起集成在一驱动模块21中。另外,上述车辆制动器具有制动壳体或制动钳20,所述制动壳体或制动钳包围未示出的制动盘的外边缘和两个设置在该制动盘两侧的制动衬26、27。制动壳体20在其内侧形成制动缸9,所述制动缸接纳一制动活塞5使之能轴向移动。为了执行行车制动,可向形成于制动缸9与制动活塞5之间的工作压力室6中输入制动流体/制动液,由此建立制动压力,所述制动压力使制动活塞5沿轴向沿着活塞纵向轴线A朝制动盘移动。由此使朝向制动活塞5的制动衬27压在制动盘上,其中,作为反应制动壳体20在相反的方向上移动,从而使另一制动衬26也压在制动盘上。
如上所述,用于执行驻车制动过程的驻车制动装置可被机电地操作并且同样作用在制动活塞5上。为此,设置有传动装置1,所述传动装置将机电式执行器7或电动机7的旋转运动变换成平移运动并且沿轴线A操作制动活塞5。传动装置1主要由丝杠2和螺母3构成,所述丝杠和螺母通过滚动体4彼此连接。滚动体4构造成滚珠。与丝杠2连接的轴17在背离制动盘的一侧从制动壳体20伸出并且在中间连接有两级降速传动装置的情况下由上述的机电式执行器7驱动。在此,设置有用于对制动壳体20的孔中的工作压力室6进行密封的装置,轴17穿过所述孔。传递给丝杠2的旋转运动通过处于丝杠2与螺母3之间的螺纹线中的滚珠4传递给螺母3,所述螺母执行沿轴线A方向的平移运动。由此,制动活塞5也***作,螺母3支撑在所述制动活塞上。同时,丝杠2由制动壳体20中的阶梯孔30接纳并且通过与丝杠2连接的凸缘19和轴向轴承/推力轴承18支撑在制动壳体20上。传动装置1因此将机电式执行器7的转动运动变换成直线运动并且负责生成用于执行驻车制动过程的作用力。
在释放驻车制动装置时,电动机7相应地在相反方向上运行,而螺母3、进而是制动活塞5执行在附图中向右的运动。制动衬26、27不再与制动盘接触并且驻车制动过程结束。
上述的电动机7和两级传动装置由一属于驱动模块21的壳体28接纳,所述壳体可通过壳体盖28a封闭。在图1所示的实施形式中,两级传动装置构造成蜗轮蜗杆传动装置11、12。蜗轮蜗杆传动装置是一种螺旋滚动传动装置在所述螺旋滚动传动装置中与滚动传动装置不同在运动中也存在滑动分量。这种蜗轮蜗杆传动装置由螺旋状切齿的齿轮、即蜗杆和与所述蜗杆啮合的斜切齿的齿轮即蜗轮构成。
第一传动级、即第一蜗轮蜗杆传动装置11在输入侧与电动机7的输出轴8连接,而第二传动级、即第二蜗轮蜗杆传动装置12在输出侧与轴17或与传动装置1或2、3连接。如图所示,第一蜗杆13套在电动机7的输出轴8上并且与第一蜗轮14啮合。在第一蜗轮14的转动中心上套置第二蜗杆15并且由所述第二蜗杆(能)使其旋转。第二蜗杆15又与第二蜗轮16啮合,所述第二蜗轮与轴17以无相对转动的方式连接并且使轴17与传动装置1一起旋转,在此产生制动活塞5的平移运动。为了在驻车制动过程期间保持以此方式设定的作用力,第二蜗轮蜗杆传动装置12构造成自锁的。
当在负载下操作传动装置1时,滚动体4在螺纹线中滚动。由此达到相对高的85%至95%的效率,或者在考虑轴向轴承18的摩擦损失的情况下达到75%至85%的效率。而当在无负载下操作传动装置1时滚动体4滑动,即在配设给制动活塞5的制动衬27贴靠在未示出的制动盘上前滚珠4一直滑动,这是因为在此涉及的是几乎无负载的操作。仅在负载下滚珠4才开始滚动。因此,如果制动衬26、27磨损了,传动装置1同时用作再调节装置/补偿装置。取消独立的再调节装置或将再调节装置和操作装置集成在唯一构件中是成本特别低廉并且耐久的。为了使滚动体4始终能当在负载下操作传动装置1时滚动并且当无负载地操作传动装置1时滑动,设置有弹性元件10,所述弹性元件维持一用于供滚动体4滚动的滚动路径。滚动体4在两个止挡之间以可受限运动的方式设置在螺纹线中,其中,弹性元件10为了维持滚动体4的滚动路径而设置在滚动体4与第一止挡之间。第一止挡构造成槽状的凹陷部23并且从螺母3的螺纹线起沿切向延伸。槽状的凹陷部23在垂直的止挡面25中终止,弹性元件10支撑在所述止挡面上,尤其如图2和图3所示。第二弹性元件设置在滚动体4与另一止挡、即另一槽状的凹陷部24之间并且用作所谓的预压弹簧(Vordruckfeder)。所述预压弹簧支撑在槽状的第二凹陷部24中。
由图2a至图2c可见,两个止挡都构造成螺母3中的槽状的凹陷部23、24,即在无附加构件的情况下集成在螺母3中。槽状的凹陷部23、24在螺母3的制造过程中以冲击方法或以铣削方法在螺母3中加工出。
在此图3示出,槽状的凹陷部23以及同样地在螺母3的另一端部上的槽状的凹陷部24,设计成具有用于弹性元件10的垂直止挡面25的、相对于螺母3的螺纹线切向设置的空缺部。
在所述实施形式中有利的是,无需为所述止挡(提供)独立的构件,而是将所述止挡成本低廉地集成在螺母3中。
尽管尤其是借助于附图、主要是以组合式制动器为例来描述本发明,但原则上可考虑将本发明应用在完全不具有液压操作装置的、可纯机电操作的线控制动装置(EMB)中。
附图标记清单
1传动装置
2丝杠
3螺母
4滚动体或滚珠
5制动活塞
6液压的工作压力室
7机电式执行器
8输出轴
9制动缸
10第一弹性元件
11第一蜗轮蜗杆传动装置
12第二蜗轮蜗杆传动装置
13第一蜗杆
14第一蜗轮
15第二蜗杆
16第二蜗轮
17轴
18轴向轴承
19凸缘
20制动钳
21驱动模块
22控制单元
23凹陷部
24凹陷部
25止挡面
26制动衬
27制动衬
28壳体
28a壳体盖
29
30阶梯孔
Claims (5)
1.一种机电式车辆制动器,优选组合式制动器,所述机电式车辆制动器包括能液压操作的行车制动器和能机电操作的驻车制动装置,其中,在制动壳体(20)中由制动活塞(5)界定液压的工作压力室(6),为了执行行车制动所述工作压力室能被加载液压压力介质,以使所述制动活塞(5)能被液压地操作以实施沿活塞纵向轴线(A)的制动作用,所述机电式车辆制动器具有尤其是构造成驻车制动装置的机电式操作装置,所述机电式操作装置借助传动装置(1)以如下方式作用在所述制动活塞(5)上:所述传动装置(1)将机电式执行器(7)的旋转运动变换成平移运动并且使所述制动活塞(5)***作以执行驻车制动过程并将其保持在***作的位置中,其中,所述传动装置(1)具有丝杠(2)和螺母(3),所述丝杠和所述螺母通过多个滚动体(4)彼此接触,其中,设置有弹性元件(10),所述弹性元件当所述传动装置(1)无负载地***作时允许所述滚动体(4)滑动并且当所述传动装置(1)在负载下***作时引起所述滚动体(4)的滚动,其特征在于:所述弹性元件(10)设置在所述滚动体(4)与构造在所述螺母(3)中的槽状的凹陷部(23)之间,所述凹陷部形成用于所述弹性元件(10)的止挡。
2.根据权利要求1的机电式车辆制动器,其特征在于:所述槽状的凹陷部(23)从所述螺母(3)的螺纹线起沿切向延伸并且具有用于所述弹性元件(10)的垂直的止挡面(25),所述弹性元件(10)支撑在所述止挡面上。
3.根据权利要求1或2的机电式车辆制动器,其特征在于:设置有第二弹性元件(29),所述第二弹性元件设置在所述滚动体(4)与构造在所述螺母(3)中的另外的槽状的凹陷部(24)之间,该另外的槽状的凹陷部形成用于所述第二弹性元件(10)的止挡。
4.根据权利要求3的机电式车辆制动器,其特征在于:所述槽状的凹陷部(24)构造成具有用于所述弹性元件(29)的垂直的止挡面的、相对于所述螺母(3)的螺纹线切向设置的空缺部。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项的机电式车辆制动器,其特征在于:以冲击方法或以铣削方法在所述螺母(3)中加工出所述槽状的凹陷部。
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DE102009019793A DE102009019793A1 (de) | 2009-04-02 | 2009-05-02 | Kombinierte Fahrzeugbremse mit elektromechanisch betätigbarer Feststellbremse |
DE102009019793.1 | 2009-05-02 | ||
PCT/EP2010/053434 WO2010112338A1 (de) | 2009-04-02 | 2010-03-17 | Elektromechanische fahrzeugbremse |
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EP (1) | EP2414698B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101681035B1 (zh) |
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CN111630301A (zh) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-09-04 | 利纳克有限公司 | 线性致动器 |
CN111630301B (zh) * | 2018-01-22 | 2023-05-12 | 利纳克有限公司 | 线性致动器 |
CN108825686A (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-16 | 万向钱潮(上海)汽车***有限公司 | 一种电子机械式制动器 |
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Also Published As
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US8875851B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
KR20110130527A (ko) | 2011-12-05 |
WO2010112338A1 (de) | 2010-10-07 |
DE102009019793A1 (de) | 2010-10-07 |
KR101681035B1 (ko) | 2016-11-30 |
CN102388231B (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2414698B1 (de) | 2013-11-27 |
EP2414698A1 (de) | 2012-02-08 |
US20120018262A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
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