CN110012795A - A kind of ecology planting method of Radix Ophiopogonis and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting - Google Patents
A kind of ecology planting method of Radix Ophiopogonis and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110012795A CN110012795A CN201910120146.2A CN201910120146A CN110012795A CN 110012795 A CN110012795 A CN 110012795A CN 201910120146 A CN201910120146 A CN 201910120146A CN 110012795 A CN110012795 A CN 110012795A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
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Abstract
The invention discloses the ecology planting methods of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting to carry out site preparation by selecting the planting site of suitable planting Radix Ophiopogonis Ching Ming Festival the around, base manure is used sufficient simultaneously, by seedling undercut rhizomes and fibrous root, retain the climing section part in top, retains 1 cm stipes below;Annual April 5 is planted on the 20th to April, after the completion of Radix Ophiopogonis plantation, is ditched in Radix Ophiopogonis planting site, and every 7~13 row Radix Ophiopogonis distance opens a line ditch, applies zinc fertilizer in bottom of trench and makees base fertilizer, 1.0 kg/667 m of zinc fertilizer2, after covering shallow soil, program request corn seed;And 10~15 days before harvest corn, garlic kind valve is implanted into Radix Ophiopogonis planting site.The present invention is that the species diversity of Radix Ophiopogonis, corn and garlic is rationally utilized, and ensure that the yield of Radix Ophiopogonis, improves economy and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the eco-specieses of Radix Ophiopogonis planting technology field more particularly to a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting
Plant method.
Background technique
Radix OphiopogonisOphiopogon japonicas(L.f.) Ker-Gawl. is perennial herb, is used as medicine with dry root tuber,
It is the important Chinese medicine in China.Its medication history is of long standing and well established, significant in efficacy.With nourishing Yin and promoting production of body fluid, moistening lung and clearing away the heart-fire effect is commonly used
In dryness of the lung dry cough, cough for deficiency of Yin consumptive disease, larynx numbness pharyngalgia, injury thirst, Heat Diabetes, vexed insomnia, the diseases such as dry constipation of intestines.Clinically,
There are 530 plurality of Chinese prescriptions to contain Radix Ophiopogonis;In national OTC, have former containing Radix Ophiopogonis in 194 or more health foods
Material, and market prospects are fabulous.
Radix Ophiopogonis is distributed more widely in China, originates in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Hebei etc. and saves ground.The Radix Ophiopogonis in Sichuan is wherein originated in,
Frequently referred to river Radix Ophiopogonis, is the famous genunie medicinal materials in Sichuan Province, and cultivation history is long.It 1814, is just planted extensively in sichuan shantai.
Currently, Sichuan Radix Ophiopogonis Main Cultivation is in Santai County Yongming town, garden town, Luxi County town, the town Liu Ying, the spirit town Xing Zhen, Xin De, keffel
15 small towns such as township, mileage township, township of competing for first place and surrounding area.
Wild Radix Ophiopogonis is born in hillside, hayashishita, border or the barren hill thick grass of half yin and half yang more, and companion species has good
Bio-diversity, the plant, animal and microorganism richness in the group of habitat are high, and medicinal material is grown in complicated ecological environment.
And Radix Ophiopogonis happiness is shady, stronger illumination is unfavorable for the accumulation of photosynthate, is also unfavorable for the raising of root yield.Although Planting
Training can guarantee the production of medicinal material, but at present Radix Ophiopogonis be mostly single variety outdoor cropping, there are serious Auto toxicities in plantation
And Soil-sickness Problem, often show as soil hardening, acidification, nematode increase, silborne fungal diseases exacerbation etc..Moreover, long-term
In the case where nonoculture, Radix Ophiopogonis yield is fixed, and land resource is fixed, and the economic value of generation is limited.
And ecologic planting is the effective means to solve the above problems, and in ecologic planting technology, most common means and mode
Be the ecologic planting based on species diversity, counteract each other principle reasonable disposition by diversity cultivation technique and using biology
Different exogenous biological populations can improve habitat, restore soil ecology function, improve yield.New mould as Producing medicinal herbs
Formula, the ecologic planting based on species diversity not only can be effectively controlled the pollution of Chinese medicine cultivating soil and continuous cropping obstacle, moreover it is possible to protect
Protect medicinal plant farming land occupation condition and soil micro-ecosystem, it is ensured that Chinese medicine yield and quality.
Radix Ophiopogonis plant is short and small, and wild Radix Ophiopogonis is born in hayashishita, therefore cultivation Radix Ophiopogonis should regard its biological characteristics, meet its needs
Concealment condition, in Radix Ophiopogonis other crops of intercrop, if corn is preferably to select, April Radix Ophiopogonis is in seedling stage,
It is not suitable for intense light irradiation, corn can become optimal concealment plant;In addition reasonable intercropping and interplanting plants garlic, and Radix Ophiopogonis Tanaka will be precipitated
The chemical substances such as allicin, allicin have very strong bactericidal effect to the microorganism in soil, insect pest, can effectively prevent and subtract
Hypopathia insect pest occurs.
In consideration of it, inventing the life of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting it is necessary to change the planting patterns of Radix Ophiopogonis nonoculture
State implantation methods, and then solve the problems, such as above-mentioned.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting are provided, this method is filled
Divide the land resource and solid space using Radix Ophiopogonis ground, realizes Radix Ophiopogonis shading, and reduce the generation of pest and disease damage.Not only promote
The growth of Radix Ophiopogonis, the increase of yield, and the utilization rate in luminous energy, space and soil is improved, and inhibit the growth of weeds,
The amount of application for effectively reducing pesticide, chemical fertilizer, protect the fields ecological environment, and realizes three good harvests of medicine, grain, dish.
Specifically, the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, comprising the following steps:
S1, selection of land and site preparation: selection fertile soil, loose, wet, the flat sandy soil territory of topography;The Ching Ming Festival before and after into
Row site preparation, tilling depth are 20~30 cm, base manure are used sufficient while site preparation, base manure is using sufficiently decomposed farmyard manure and corruption
The withered mixing application of stand oil;
S2, Radix Ophiopogonis nursery: select erect type Radix Ophiopogonis that color is dark green and healthy and strong or the short leaf of width crawl type Radix Ophiopogonis plant as seedling,
The seedling undercut rhizomes and fibrous root that will be chosen retain the climing section part in top, retain 1 cm stipes below;
S3, plantation and pouring root water: annual April 5 is planted on the 20th to April, 3~4 cm of the depth of planting;It has planted
Pour root water immediately after;
S4, intercropping and interplanting corn: after the completion of Radix Ophiopogonis plantation, ditching in Radix Ophiopogonis plantation field, and every 7~13 row Radix Ophiopogonis distance opens a line ditch,
Zinc fertilizer, which is applied, in bottom of trench makees base fertilizer, 1.0 kg/667 m of zinc fertilizer2, after covering shallow soil, program request corn seed;
10~15 days before S5, harvest corn, garlic kind valve implantation Radix Ophiopogonis is planted into field.
Further, in step S1, when basal dressing, every 667 m2With the abundant decomposed farmyard manure of 3000~5000 Kg,
The decomposed oil cake of 50~100 Kg mixes application.
Further, it in step S3, when plantation, is planted after beating nest using Radix Ophiopogonis dedicated nesting machine, or trench digging plantation, or sled
Nest plantation;The seeding row spacing cm of 10 cm × 10 or drains spacing 12~13 cm, 8~9 cm of strain spacing.
Further, in step S4, corn planting density is 3000~4000 plants/667 m2, 20~26 cm of strain spacing,
Uniline more sowings.
Further, the corn of interplanting use in the compact corn variety of fringe plant type in bar.
Further, in step S5, when being implanted into garlic, firstly, by after the disinfection treatment of garlic kind valve, by line-spacing 40~50
Cm, 10~15 cm of spacing, sled nest implantation Radix Ophiopogonis plant field.
It further, further include crops for rotation selection: preceding to make Plant choosing sweet potato, rice, rice seedling bed, garlic, wheat, rape or non-
Root drug material.
Further, further include field management: growth period Radix Ophiopogonis must pour water in time, keep ground moistening;7~August and 9
~October is shallowly intertilled, intertillage with 3 cm of depth <, do not hurt root and plant and be advisable, after planting Radix Ophiopogonis seedling, every 15 days or so
It weeding 1 time, monthly needs to hoe up weeds 1~2 time 5~December, keeps the cleaning of plantation field, should not hoe up weeds within 1~2 month.
Further, after emergence of corn, thinning is carried out according to growing way or is filled the gaps with seedlings;Corn late dough goes to push up in time, pinch
Upper part of straw on corn ear at 3~4 leaves is cut down, lower removal fringe portion 3 foot leaves below, is revealed Radix Ophiopogonis by leaf, beautiful
After rice is mature, harvest in time, and surgery corn stover.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the yield of Radix Ophiopogonis is increased, economic benefit is increased.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Radix Ophiopogonis and corn intercropping and interplanting schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the Radix Ophiopogonis plantation field schematic diagram of residual corn stake after the harvesting of intercropping and interplanting corn;
Fig. 3 is Radix Ophiopogonis and garlic intercropping and interplanting schematic diagram;
1- Radix Ophiopogonis, 2- corn, 3- garlic in figure.
Specific embodiment
For a clearer understanding of the technical characteristics, objects and effects of the present invention, this hair of Detailed description of the invention is now compareed
Bright specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, comprising the following steps:
(1) crops for rotation select: preceding to make the crops such as Plant choosing sweet potato, rice, rice seedling bed, garlic, wheat, rape or non-root drug
Material should not select the crops such as tobacco, Chinese milk vetch, long bean, melon, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae or other root class medicinal materials.
(2) selection of land: selection irrigation water is convenient, fertile soil, loose, wet, the flat sand of topography, low-lying ponding
It is easy flood ground or Cold injury syndrome place should not cultivate.
(3) site preparation: clear and bright front and back site preparation, tilling depth are advisable with 20~30 cm, and plowed soils uproots net weeds in field, stone
Block is carefully flattened with rhizome, rake is before made.In conjunction with every 667 m of site preparation2It is application sufficiently decomposed 3000~5000 Kg of farmyard manure, decomposed
50~100 Kg of oil cake makees base fertilizer, mixing application, it is whole it is thin, rake.
(4) Radix Ophiopogonis nursery: when harvest Radix Ophiopogonis, erect type Radix Ophiopogonis that color is dark green and healthy and strong or the short leaf of width is selected to crawl type Radix Ophiopogonis
Plant as seedling.The seedling undercut rhizomes and fibrous root that will be chosen retain the climing section part in top, retain 1 cm or less
Stipes, do not scattered with blade, rhizomes cross section is presented the radial decorative pattern of white and is preferred.If stayed rhizomes is too short, make
Phyllopodium axillary bud is impaired after dissipating at leaf, influences new root sprouting, or even be unable to root of hair;If the rhizomes stayed is too long, formed double
Stipes also influences the growth of stem tuber, leads to the underproduction.To the seedling that cannot be transplanted in time, it is necessary to support seedling, seedling is placed on dark and damp place
Chesson on, around seedling basal part of stem use fine earth seedling-protection, be embedded in seedling root in wetland.It is unsuitable to support the seedling time
It is too long, it is usually no more than 7 days, ground moistening must be kept between feeding seedling stage.
(5) Radix Ophiopogonis transplants: being no more than by the end of April annual April 5 to April 20 at the latest, selects transplanting cloudy day, seedling Radix Ophiopogonis.
Radix Ophiopogonis every 667 m2Planting density is 6.0~7.0 ten thousand plants, is planted after beating nest with Radix Ophiopogonis dedicated nesting machine, or trench digging
It plants, or sled nest is planted.12~13 cm of the seeding row spacing cm of 10 cm × 10 or drains spacing, 8~9 cm of spacing in the rows, the depth of planting is with 3~4
Cm is advisable.It the Radix Ophiopogonis of early or mid April plantation, easily survives, root of hair is fast, and knot Radix Ophiopogonis is early, and high-quality, yield per unit area is high.Therefore,
If can suitably do sth. in advance the plantation time, investment not only can be reduced, but also can reach the purpose for improving yield, be that an economic volume increase is arranged
It applies.
(6) it pours root water: should pour water after having planted, be advisable with 5 cm of water logging seedling height or so immediately.Arid is answered after cultivation
Watering in time keeps ground moistening.After planting seedling 10~15 days, Radix Ophiopogonis seedling color turns green, solarization is not withered, that is, shows to plant Radix Ophiopogonis seedling
New root has been sent out to survive.
(7) intercropping and interplanting corn: Radix Ophiopogonis transplants seedlings on the same day or the later period, ditches in Radix Ophiopogonis plantation field, every 7~13 row Radix Ophiopogonis distance
A line ditch is opened, zinc fertilizer is applied in bottom of trench and makees base fertilizer, 1.0 kg/667 m of zinc fertilizer2, after covering shallow soil, using direct-seeding program request corn
Seed.It is 3000~4000 plants/667 m in corn planting density2, 20~26 cm of spacing in the rows, uniline more sowings.Corn variety
It preferably uses and selects Sichuan Province's authorization and country's authorization fringe plant type in bar the newest high yield and high quality in southwest compact
Kind.
Radix Ophiopogonis plant is short and small, and breeding time about 330~350 days.Wild Radix Ophiopogonis is born in hayashishita, therefore cultivates Radix Ophiopogonis, Ying Fangqi
Wild environment meets the concealment condition of its needs, other crops is planted between Radix Ophiopogonis ground depending on its biological characteristics.4~July is
The corn growth most productive period needs sufficient sunlight, and the direct projection Qiang Guangke in field makes full use of, and is in April Radix Ophiopogonis after cultivation soon
Seedling stage, be not suitable for intense light irradiation, corn then becomes optimal concealment plant, forms ecological environment suitable each other, meets
Respective needs.And after corn is planted, stretched under root is rapid, and the Radix Ophiopogonis of shallow root system at this time, feeding root growth period is just initially entered,
Feeding root is mainly distributed in the soil layer of 10 cm, can make full use of the soil fertility of different depth each other, is avoided in same depth
Soil layer fights for nutrient, and after harvest corn, Radix Ophiopogonis is in feeding root and tillering seedling grows the vigorous stage, increases illumination requirement
Requirement can be met.
(8) intercropping and interplanting garlic: 10~15 days before harvest corn, after the disinfection treatment of garlic kind valve, by line-spacing 40~50
Cm, 10~15 cm of line-spacing, sled nest are implanted into Radix Ophiopogonis field.After harvest corn, exactly Radix Ophiopogonis grows animated period, and feeding root is under soil
Layer depth enters, and needs certain illumination, and garlic bolt is still in plantlet stage, grows Radix Ophiopogonis without influence, Radix Ophiopogonis can be in previous existence in the Beginning of Winter
Long luxuriant envelope row.2~April of next year is garlic bolt peak of growing season, is also the critical period that Tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus expands rapidly, in time at this time
Garlic bolt is harvested, garlic would not fight for Radix Ophiopogonis nutrient, not influence on the growth of Radix Ophiopogonis, remain to that Radix Ophiopogonis is made to obtain high yield.
(9) field management: Radix Ophiopogonis, growth period must pour water in time, keep ground moistening.Meeting spring drought and summer drought should fill in time
Water, never soil is dry and cracked, and filling should be slowly soaked when temperature is high, cannot too urgent waterflooding;Ponding is encountered after rain to drain in time.In conjunction with intertillage
And field management, 7~August and shallowly intertill for 9~October 2 times, intertillage with 3 cm of depth <, do not hurt root and plant and be advisable.It is clear in time
Cut weeds, keep rural area cleaning, it is general plant Radix Ophiopogonis seedling after, weeding in every 15 days or so 1 time in 5~December, monthly needs to hoe up weeds 1
~2 times;It should not hoe up weeds within 1~2 month.
Corn: after emergence of corn, thinning is carried out according to growing way or is filled the gaps with seedlings;Corn late dough goes to push up in time, leaf of pinching,
The upper part of straw on corn ear at 3~4 leaves is cut down, fringe portion of going down 3 foot leaves below, reveals Radix Ophiopogonis, in favor of
The growth of Radix Ophiopogonis seedling;After corn is mature, harvest in time, and surgery corn stover.
(10) harvest: corn harvests when annual mature;Planting garlic 2~April of next year, garlic bolt is excavated in time;Radix Ophiopogonis exists
The 2nd year clear and bright front and back after field planting is planted is harvested using agricultural tools or small-sized machine.This intercropping and interplanting mode, in harvesting corn and
In the case where garlic bolt, Radix Ophiopogonis per mu yield is up to 250 Kg or more.
Claims (9)
1. the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, which comprises the following steps:
S1, selection of land and site preparation: selection fertile soil, loose, wet, the flat sandy soil territory of topography;The Ching Ming Festival before and after into
Row site preparation, tilling depth is 20~30 cm, while using sufficient base manure, and base manure is mixed using abundant decomposed farmyard manure and decomposed oil cake
Close application;
S2, Radix Ophiopogonis nursery: select erect type Radix Ophiopogonis that color is dark green and healthy and strong or the short leaf of width crawl type Radix Ophiopogonis plant as seedling,
The seedling undercut rhizomes and fibrous root that will be chosen retain the climing section part in top, retain 1 cm stipes below;
S3, plantation and pouring root water: annual April 5 is planted on the 20th to April, 3~4 cm of the depth of planting;It has planted
Pour root water immediately after;
S4, intercropping and interplanting corn: after the completion of Radix Ophiopogonis plantation, ditching in Radix Ophiopogonis plantation field, and every 7~13 row Radix Ophiopogonis distance opens a line ditch,
Zinc fertilizer, which is applied, in bottom of trench makees base fertilizer, 1.0 kg/667 m of zinc fertilizer2, after covering shallow soil, program request corn seed;
10~15 days before S5, harvest corn, garlic kind valve implantation Radix Ophiopogonis is planted into field.
2. the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis according to claim 1 and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, which is characterized in that
In step S1, when basal dressing, every 667m2With the abundant decomposed farmyard manure of 3000~5000 Kg, the decomposed oil of 50~100 Kg
Withered mixing application.
3. the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis according to claim 1 and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, which is characterized in that
It in step S3, when plantation, is planted after beating nest using Radix Ophiopogonis dedicated nesting machine, or trench digging plantation, or sled nest plantation;Seeding row spacing 10
The cm of cm × 10 or drains spacing 12~13 cm, 8~9 cm of strain spacing.
4. the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis according to claim 1 and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, which is characterized in that
In step S4, corn planting density is 3000~4000 plants/667 m2, 20~26 cm of strain spacing, uniline more sowings.
5. the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis according to claim 4 and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, which is characterized in that
The compact corn variety of fringe plant type in bar in the corn use of interplanting.
6. the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis according to claim 1 and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, which is characterized in that
In step S5, when being implanted into garlic, firstly, by after the disinfection treatment of garlic kind valve, by 40~50 cm of line-spacing, 10~15 cm of spacing,
It prizes nest implantation Radix Ophiopogonis and plants field.
7. the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis according to claim 1 and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, which is characterized in that
It further include crops for rotation selection: preceding to make Plant choosing sweet potato, rice, rice seedling bed, garlic, wheat, rape or non-root class Chinese medicine.
8. the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis according to claim 1 and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, which is characterized in that
Further include field management: growth period Radix Ophiopogonis must pour water in time, keep ground moistening;7~August and 9~October are shallowly intertilled,
Intertillage with 3 cm of depth <, do not hurt root and plant and be advisable, after planting Radix Ophiopogonis seedling, weeding in every 15 days or so 1 time, 5~December, often
The moon need to hoe up weeds 1~2 time, keep the cleaning of plantation field, should not hoe up weeds within 1~2 month.
9. the ecology planting method of a kind of Radix Ophiopogonis according to claim 1 and corn, garlic intercropping and interplanting, which is characterized in that
After emergence of corn, thinning is carried out according to growing way or is filled the gaps with seedlings;Corn late dough goes to push up in time, leaf of pinching, i.e., will be on corn ear
Upper part of straw at 3~4 leaves cuts down, lower removal fringe portion 3 foot leaves below, reveals Radix Ophiopogonis, after corn is mature, receives in time
It obtains, and surgeries corn stover.
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