CN103477777A - Nitrogen fertilizer annual application method for realizing wheat-corn double-cropping balance high yield - Google Patents
Nitrogen fertilizer annual application method for realizing wheat-corn double-cropping balance high yield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrogen fertilizer annual application method for realizing wheat-corn double-cropping balance high yield. The nitrogen fertilizer annual application method is characterized in that the total nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the wheat-corn double-reason full year is 450-540kg/hm<2> by pure nitrogen application amount, wherein under a loam condition, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the wheat reason is 180-225kg/hm<2>, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the corn reason is 270-315kg/hm<2>; under a clay condition, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the wheat reason is 290-330kg/hm<2>, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the corn reason is 160-210kg/hm<2>. The nitrogen fertilizer annual application method has the advantages that through the reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat and corn, the nitrogen fertilizer is effectively and reasonably utilized to the maximum degree, the wasting of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, meanwhile, the environmental pollution caused by nitrogen fertilizer wasting is greatly reduced, and the yield of the wheat and the corn can be obviously increased. Thereof, the nitrogen fertilizer annual application method has remarkable economic benefits and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method of nitrogenous fertilizer, particularly relate to the nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of wheat in zone, a kind of Plain wheat, corn two ripe producing regions.
Background technology
North China is the main producing region of China's grain, the special main food planting patterns that winter wheat-this typical cropping system of summer corn two crops a year rotation system is the North China Huang-Huai-Hai, no matter be cultivated area or unit yield, the very big degree of the cereal product of producing under this rotation system has guaranteed the grain security of China.The generally sowing at the beginning of 10 months of this area winter wheat, the first tenday period of a month in June or the middle ten days results, summer corn is and then in sowing in 6 middle of the month, at the end of of 9 months results or at the beginning of 10 months, just in time striden across a crop rotation anniversary breeding time of two kinds of crops.Wherein fertilizer nutrient occupies the contribution 50% or more in the process that grain yield improves, thereby winter wheat and the fertilising of this rotation cycle of summer corn distribution just seem particularly important.
Wherein, the growing of nitrogen nutrient and crop, yield and quality etc. are closely related, are that cereal crop absorbs the nutritive element that quantity is maximum from soil.Since the sixties in 20th century, the Farmland in China amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer increases year by year.Yet, the grain-production of China with fertilizer amount simultaneous growth, statistics shows, from 1978 to 2011, the Chemistry In China nitrogen fertilizer amount increased to 2381.4 ten thousand tons from 763.9 ten thousand tons, increased by 2.1 times, and grain yield only increases by 87%.Zhu Zhaoliang and Zhang Fusuo analyze China's various years staple food crop fertilizer utilization efficiency respectively, and the luffing at eighties of last century beginning of the nineties is 28～41%, and the analysis result luffing of 2008 has been 10.8～40.5%.A large amount of inputs and unreasonable using due to nitrogenous fertilizer, the continuous decrease that not only causes marginal product and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and the safety of the serious threat soil body, water body, bring the problems such as soil acidification, greenhouse gas emission and groundwater azotate pollution, and become the serious threat of the intensive agriculture sustainable development in the whole world.Therefore, it is vital researching and developing a kind of fertilizing method that can make nitrogenous fertilizer obtain effective and reasonable utilization, can improve wheat and corn output simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: overcome current nitrogenous fertilizer and can not obtain rational and efficient use, cause the drawback such as resource waste and pollution environment, the invention provides the nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of a kind of wheat.Pass through technical solution of the present invention, can carry out rational nitrogen fertilizing to wheat, corn, can not only make nitrogenous fertilizer obtain the waste of effective and reasonable utilization, minimizing nitrogenous fertilizer, greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused due to the nitrogenous fertilizer waste simultaneously, and can obviously improve the output of wheat and maize.Therefore, the present invention has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
In order to address the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The invention provides the nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of a kind of wheat, described application process comprises the following steps:
A, in pure nitrogen level, wheat, the total consumption of corn two anniversaries in season nitrogenous fertilizer are 450～540kg/hm
2; The sendout of nitrogenous fertilizer between two seasons planned strategies for because of soil texture difference; Under its medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 180～225kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 270～315kg/hm
2; Under the clay condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 290～330kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 160～210kg/hm
2;
Under b, step a medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is 5:5; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilizing amount of flower granulated fertilizer is 3:5:2;
Under c, step a medium clay soil condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is 6:4; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilizing amount of flower granulated fertilizer is 4:5:1.
According to the nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of above-mentioned wheat, under the condition of loam described in step a, wheat quaternary nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer dosage is divided base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and wherein topdresses and is applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage.
According to the nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of above-mentioned wheat, under the condition of clay described in step b, the fertile fertilizing amount of wheat quaternary nitrogen is divided base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and wherein topdresses and is applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage.
positive beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, pass through technical solution of the present invention, can carry out rational nitrogen fertilizing to wheat, corn, can not only make nitrogenous fertilizer obtain effective and reasonable utilization, make its nitrogenous fertilizer farthest be utilized, reduce the waste of nitrogenous fertilizer, greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused due to the nitrogenous fertilizer waste simultaneously, and can obviously improve the output of wheat and maize.
2, compare (fertilising of other fertilizer nutrient is with existing technology) with the conventional fertilizer application method, technical solution of the present invention carries out effectively distributing and using to nitrogenous fertilizer according to soil texture difference, different soils quality (being loam and clay) amount of application is different, makes its nitrogenous fertilizer obtain effective and reasonable distribution.Thus, technical solution of the present invention can not only improve the availability of nitrogenous fertilizer, can also improve the output of wheat and corn.Wherein, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer anniversary can improve 10～15%, and the per mu yield of wheat and corn can improve 10～20%(wheat per mu yield up to 600～700kg, and the corn per mu yield can reach 800～900kg).
3, utilize technical solution of the present invention to carry out effective nitrogen fertilizing to two seasons of wheat and corn, thereby can reach high-yield and high-efficiency, economize on resources, reduce on ecology and pollute texts.Therefore, the present invention has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
embodiment:
Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but do not limit content of the present invention.
The method that the embodiment of the present invention adopts field experiment was carried out on (114 ° of 43 ' 14.9 " E; 35 ° 34 ' 25.0 " N) domestic loam and two kinds of soil textures of clay in Hua County, Henan Province in October, 2011-2012 year October simultaneously, pilot region belongs to the continental monsoon climate of warm-temperature zone, mean temperature of air is 13.7 ℃ for many years, 201 days frost-free seasons, annual precipitation 634.3mm, at 2365.5 hours at sunshine; In rain same season of heat, show as wheat season drought, and corn monsoon rain amount is comparatively abundant; Two kinds of other rates of fertilizer of quality soil (except the nitrogenous fertilizer amount of application) are with existing conventional application process; For the examination wheat breed, be short anti-58, corn variety is that Zheng Dan 958, two crop varieties are locality and promote mainly high yielding variety.The aspect that following examples are mainly effectively distributed from amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is described in detail, and wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer that adopts is urea (in urea, the quality percentage composition of nitrogen is 46%).
Winter wheat was sowed on October 10th, 2011, and on June 5th, 2012 gathers in the crops, and summer corn is iron stubble sowing after (on June 8th, 2012) straw-returning after wheat harvest, and on September 30th, 2012 gathers in the crops.
Embodiment 1:
The nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of wheat of the present invention, the detailed step of this application process is as follows:
A, in pure nitrogen level, the total consumption of annual nitrogenous fertilizer of two seasons of wheat, corn is 540kg/hm
2, the sendout of nitrogenous fertilizer between two seasons planned strategies for because of soil texture difference; Under its medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 225kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 315kg/hm
2; Under the clay condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 330kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 210kg/hm
2;
The nitrogenous fertilizer that adopts is urea (in urea, the quality percentage composition of nitrogen is 46%); In 2 crop whens sowing in seasons, except applying nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of other fertilizer is with existing technology, other fertilizer nutrient with the nitrogenous fertilizer as base manure two season crop disposable applying in sowing time;
Under b, step a medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is that 5:5(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 112.5kg/ hm as the amount of application of base manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 112.5kg/ hm as the amount of application topdressed
2), topdress and applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three amounts of application of flower granulated fertilizer is that 3:5:2(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 94.5kg/ hm as the amount of application of seed manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 157.5kg/ hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 63kg/ hm as the amount of application of flower granulated fertilizer
2);
Wherein, wheat season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 112.5kg/ hm of base manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the wheat cultivation; Corn season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 94.5kg/ hm of seed manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the corn seeding);
Under c, step a medium clay soil condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is that 6:4(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 198kg/ hm as the amount of application of base manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 132kg/ hm as the amount of application topdressed
2), topdress and applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three amounts of application of flower granulated fertilizer is that 4:5:1(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 84kg/ hm as the amount of application of seed manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 105kg/ hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 21kg/ hm as the amount of application of flower granulated fertilizer
2);
Wherein, wheat season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 198kg/ hm of base manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the wheat cultivation; Corn season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 84kg/ hm of seed manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the corn seeding).
Before ripe, 1m is measured in every test region
2output experimental field, then calculate per mu yield.Fertilizing method according to embodiment 1 is operated, and under the loam condition: the wheat per mu yield is approximately 682kg as calculated, and the corn per mu yield is approximately 887kg as calculated; Under the clay condition: the wheat per mu yield is approximately 676kg as calculated, and the corn per mu yield is approximately 884kg as calculated.
Embodiment 2:
The nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of wheat of the present invention, the detailed step of this application process is as follows:
A, in pure nitrogen level, the total consumption of annual nitrogenous fertilizer of two seasons of wheat, corn is 500kg/hm
2, the sendout of nitrogenous fertilizer between two seasons planned strategies for because of soil texture difference; Under its medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 208kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 292kg/hm
2; Under the clay condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 305kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 195kg/hm
2;
The nitrogenous fertilizer that adopts is urea (in urea, the quality percentage composition of nitrogen is 46%); In 2 crop whens sowing in seasons, except applying nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of other fertilizer nutrient is with existing technology, other fertilizer nutrient with the part nitrogenous fertilizer as base manure two season crop disposable applying in sowing time;
Under b, step a medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is that 5:5(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 104kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 104kg/ hm as the amount of application topdressed
2), topdress and applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three amounts of application of flower granulated fertilizer is that 3:5:2(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 87.6kg/ hm as the amount of application of seed manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 146kg/ hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 58.4kg/ hm as the amount of application of flower granulated fertilizer
2);
Wherein, wheat season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 104kg/ hm of base manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the wheat cultivation; Corn season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 87.6kg/hm of seed manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the corn seeding);
Under c, step a medium clay soil condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is that 6:4(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 183kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 122kg/hm as the amount of application topdressed
2), topdress and applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three amounts of application of flower granulated fertilizer is that 4:5:1(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 78kg/ hm as the amount of application of seed manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 97.5kg/ hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 19.5kg/ hm as the amount of application of flower granulated fertilizer
2);
Wherein, wheat season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 183kg/ hm of base manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the wheat cultivation; Corn season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 78kg/ hm of seed manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the corn seeding).
Before ripe, 1m is measured in every test region
2output experimental field, then calculate per mu yield.Fertilizing method according to embodiment 1 is operated, and under the loam condition: the wheat per mu yield is approximately 658kg as calculated, and the corn per mu yield is approximately 862kg as calculated; Under the clay condition: the wheat per mu yield is approximately 648kg as calculated, and the corn per mu yield is approximately 864kg as calculated.
Embodiment 3:
The nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of wheat of the present invention, the detailed step of this application process is as follows:
A, in pure nitrogen level, the total consumption of annual nitrogenous fertilizer of two seasons of wheat, corn is 450kg/hm
2, the sendout of nitrogenous fertilizer between two seasons planned strategies for because of soil texture difference; Under its medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 180kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 270kg/hm
2; Under the clay condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 290kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 160kg/hm
2;
The nitrogenous fertilizer that adopts is urea (in urea, the quality percentage composition of nitrogen is 46%); In 2 crop whens sowing in seasons, except applying nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of other fertilizer nutrient is with existing technology, other fertilizer nutrient with the part nitrogenous fertilizer as base manure two season crop disposable applying in sowing time;
Under b, step a medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is that 5:5(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 90kg/ hm as the amount of application of base manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 90kg/ hm as the amount of application topdressed
2), topdress and applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three amounts of application of flower granulated fertilizer is that 3:5:2(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 81kg/ hm as the amount of application of seed manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 135kg/ hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 54kg/ hm as the amount of application of flower granulated fertilizer
2);
Wherein, wheat season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 90kg/ hm of base manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the wheat cultivation; Corn season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 81kg/ hm of seed manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the corn seeding);
Under c, step a medium clay soil condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is that 6:4(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 174kg/ hm as the amount of application of base manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 116kg/ hm as the amount of application topdressed
2), topdress and applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three amounts of application of flower granulated fertilizer is that 4:5:1(be nitrogenous fertilizer is 64kg/ hm as the amount of application of seed manure
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 80kg/ hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 16kg/ hm as the amount of application of flower granulated fertilizer
2);
Wherein, wheat season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 174kg/ hm of base manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the wheat cultivation; Corn season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 64kg/ hm of seed manure
2with other fertilizer nutrient disposable applying when the corn seeding).
Before ripe, 1m is measured in every test region
2output experimental field, then calculate per mu yield.Fertilizing method according to embodiment 1 is operated, and under the loam condition: the wheat per mu yield is approximately 646kg as calculated, and the corn per mu yield is approximately 856kg as calculated; Under the clay condition: the wheat per mu yield is approximately 642kg as calculated, and the corn per mu yield is approximately 860kg as calculated.
Claims (3)
1. the nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of wheat, is characterized in that, described application process comprises the following steps:
A, in pure nitrogen level, wheat, the total consumption of corn two anniversaries in season nitrogenous fertilizer are 450～540kg/hm
2; The sendout of nitrogenous fertilizer between two seasons planned strategies for because of soil texture difference; Under its medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 180～225kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 270～315kg/hm
2; Under the clay condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen is 290～330kg/hm
2, the fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen is 160～210kg/hm
2;
Under b, step a medium loam condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is 5:5; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilizing amount of flower granulated fertilizer is 3:5:2;
Under c, step a medium clay soil condition, the fertile amount of application of wheat quaternary nitrogen divides base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and the ratio of base manure and the administered twice amount of topdressing is 6:4; The fertile amount of application of corn quaternary nitrogen divides seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilisings of flower granulated fertilizer, and the ratio of seed manure, ear manuer and three fertilizing amount of flower granulated fertilizer is 4:5:1.
2. the nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: under the condition of loam described in step a, wheat quaternary nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer dosage is divided base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and wherein topdresses and is applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage.
3. the nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the beautiful two ripe balanced high yields of wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: under the condition of clay described in step b, the fertile fertilizing amount of wheat quaternary nitrogen is divided base manure and twice fertilising of topdressing, and wherein topdresses and is applied fertilizer at wheat during jointing stage.
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