CN105284370A - Culture method for virus-free selenium-enriched potatoes - Google Patents
Culture method for virus-free selenium-enriched potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284370A CN105284370A CN201510742648.0A CN201510742648A CN105284370A CN 105284370 A CN105284370 A CN 105284370A CN 201510742648 A CN201510742648 A CN 201510742648A CN 105284370 A CN105284370 A CN 105284370A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method for virus-free selenium-enriched potatoes and relates to the technical field of potato planting. The culture method comprises the specific steps of: site selection, seed selection, soil preparation and fertilization, germination acceleration, sowing, field management and harvesting. The culture method comprises the steps of: selecting whole potatoes which are 25-40g as seed potatoes; carrying out agent treatment on the seed potatoes; then sufficiently applying a base fertilizer to a cultivated land; selecting a proper sowing time; and applying an additional fertilizer early after sowing and applying a selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer, wherein the selenium content of the cultured potatoes is 0.02-0.08 mg/kg, which is 3-7 times of the selenium content of potatoes cultured by a conventional method, and satisfies the requirement of Selenium Limited Standard GB13105-91 in Food, so that the edible value and the economical value of the potatoes are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato planting domain, particularly a kind of detoxification horse rich selenium bell potato cultivation method.
Background technology
Potato is one of four generalized grain crops of human society now, is only second to paddy rice, corn and wheat.Potato has very high nutritive value and medical value, containing B group's vitamins such as abundant vitamin B1, B2, B6 and pantothenic acid and a large amount of good fiber quality element, also containing nutritive elements such as trace element, amino acid, protein, fat and high-quality starch, the person often eating potato is healthy, and potato also has antidotal effect.Selenium is the important component part of some antioxidases and selenium-P albumen in animal and human's body; balance oxidation reduction is played a part in human body; that function of human body normally runs necessary trace element; and be the powerful mean of human cytotoxic; anti-ageing; heart normal function can be maintained, have protection and repair to heart human body.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of detoxification rich selenium potato culture method, and the rich Se content of potato of results is high, and the output of potato is high.
The present invention is solved the problems of the technologies described above by following technological means:
Detoxification rich selenium potato culture method, concrete steps comprise selection of land, seed selection, site preparation and fertilization, vernalization, sowing, field management and results, described seed selection, select the detoxification kind that potato shape is regular, potato skin is smooth, bright and lustrous, adopt weight be the whole potato of 25g-40g as potato seed, and potato seed to be basked seeds and chemicals treatment;
Described site preparation and fertilization, sowing first half of the month deep ploughing, open railway carriage or compartment ridging, ridge height is 15-20cm, and every mu uses sufficient 2500-4000 kilogram of well-rotted farmyard manure, 15-25 kilogram of superphosphate, 150-250 kilogram of ash;
Sowing time is first arrival late Febuary in February, every ridge kind 2 row, and nest is apart from 26-33cm, and mu plants 5000-6000 strain;
Described field management comprises early spraying fertilizer, described morning spraying fertilizer for when being about to emerge mu impose after mixing with urea 5-10 kilogram with clear liquid dung 1000 kilograms; In the neat seedling later stage, every mu of ditch spread 40 kilograms of ash also spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer 3-7 time.
Further, described selection of land, select that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep loose, soil thickness is 35-50cm, does not plant the sandy loam plot of potato class or solanaceous crops in 3 years.
Further, chemicals treatment employing concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate immersion potato seed 15-20 minute of 0.2%.
Further, described vernalization, prior to seeding 20-25 days, be placed in the temperature with scattered light by described potato seed
The indoor on the sunny side of 15-20 DEG C, complete straw mat below, described straw mat thickness is stir potato seed once in 20-25cm, 3-5 days, within 8-12 days, grows 3-4 short strong bud.
Further, selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer be with 3% the fertile 750ml of selenium be watered 250-350kg.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: detoxification of the present invention rich selenium potato culture method, sprays selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer on potato leaf in vegetative period, make it by photosynthesis, inorganic matter is converted into organic matter.The potato selenium content planted with the present invention is 0.02-0.08mg/kg, that conventional method plants the 3-7 of potato selenium content doubly, meet the requirement of " selenium in food limit standard GB13105-91 ", its edibility and economic worth are greatly improved.Potato selenium content can be enable to reach the requirement of absorption of human body.The rich selenium potato of producing, human body is easy to absorb, and has edible safety, biological transformation ratio is high, for improving the ubiquitous low selenium diet structure of people, prevent disease, improving body immunity, safeguarding that people are healthy and have great social effect.Adopt little whole photo sowing, horse bell mu potato output can be improved.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Detoxification of the present invention rich selenium potato culture method, concrete steps comprise selection of land, seed selection, site preparation and fertilization, vernalization, sowing, field management and results.
Selection of land
Select that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep loose, soil thickness is 35cm, does not plant the sandy loam plot of potato class or solanaceous crops in 3 years.Because potato is the crop of not resistance to continuous cropping, very sensitive to continuous cropping reaction, if plot plants potato continuously, not only cause disease serious, as bacterial wilt etc., and cause soil nutrient to lack of proper care, particularly some trace element, make potato growth bad, plant is short and small, yield poorly, poor quality.It is excellent that sandy loam has drainage performance, the feature that topsoil is deep, loose, is applicable to potato growth.
Seed selection
Select the detoxification kind that potato shape is regular, potato skin is smooth, bright and lustrous, husky assorted No. 15 of kind choosing, adopt weight be the whole potato of 25g as potato seed, and potato seed to be basked seeds and chemicals treatment.Virus-free seed potato refers to that seed potato is removed after the virus in potato block through a series of technical measures, the potato seed that is virus-free or rarely virus infection of acquisition, the advantages such as precocity, output are high, quality better that it has.Potato shape is regular, potato skin is smooth, bright and lustrous, weight is that the little whole potato of 25g is as potato seed, little whole potato is without stripping and slicing, cutting knife can be avoided to pass sick, and the vitality of little whole potato and drought resistance strong, emerge after broadcasting early neat, every cave bud number, stem number and stem tuber number increase, and have significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.Need prior to seeding to carry out chemicals treatment to potato seed, adopt concentration be 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate soak potato seed 15 minutes, not only prevented potato seed from rotting but also can Germination effect be improved.
Site preparation and fertilization
Sowing first half of the month deep ploughing, open railway carriage or compartment ridging, ridge height is 15cm, and every mu uses sufficient 2500 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures, 15 kilograms of superphosphate, 250 kilograms of ash.Use sufficient base fertilizer prior to seeding, use sufficient base manure and potato volume increase is played an important role.Potato forms a large amount of cauline leafs and stem tuber in vegetative period, and therefore, the nutriment of needs is more.In major fertilizer elements, maximum with the requirement of potassium, nitrogen takes second place, and phosphorus is minimum.
Vernalization
20 days prior to seeding, above-mentioned potato seed is placed in the indoor on the sunny side that the temperature with scattered light is 20 DEG C, complete straw mat below, described straw mat thickness was 25cm, within 3 days, stir potato seed once, within 8 days, grow 3 short strong buds, vernalization is played and is early emerged, early growth, extends vegetative period, the effect of increase yield.
Sowing
Sowing time is February 3, every ridge kind 2 row, and nest is apart from 26cm, and mu plants 6000 strains.
Field management
Field management comprises early spraying fertilizer, intertillage and loosens the soil and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Early spraying fertilizer, when being about to emerge, mu imposes after mixing with 8 kilograms, clear liquid dung 1000 kilograms and urea; In the neat seedling later stage, every mu of ditch spread 40 kilograms of ash, spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer vegetative period 5 times.The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer fertile 750ml of selenium of 3% is watered 250kg.Note when spraying guaranteeing water yield foot, spray evenly, the content of 30 days selenium reaches peak, and the Se content of potato is 0.04mg/kg.
Intertillage is loosened the soil
Intertillage is loosened the soil, and knot potato layer loosing soil is ventilated, and is beneficial to root growth, stolon extends and stem tuber expands.As native panel knot before emerging, should loosen the soil, in order to emerging.Qi Miaohou carries out first time intertillage in time, the degree of depth 8 centimetres, and in conjunction with weeding, first time intertills latter 10 days, carries out second time intertillage, should be slightly shallow.When buddingging, carry out third time intertillage, more shallow than second time intertillage.And combining ridging, ridging thickness is no more than 10 centimetres, to thicken knot potato layer, avoids potato block to expose, reduces Potato Quality.
The extermination of disease and insect pest
Disease is to prevent late blight, and after group, the agricultural chemicals of 5 days spray 75% tpn 400 times of liquid or other prevention late blights, connects spray 2 times, to spray leaf back; Insect pest, in case it is main for eliminating aphis, sprays 10% Imidacloprid, 100 times of liquid when finding aphid.
Results
Ripe at the bottom of May, rob fine day results after maturation, be careful during results, reduce damage potato skin, the potato block of damage will be deposited separately and its wound before storage is fully healed as far as possible.Harvest time rainproof, insolation proof, antifreeze.
Spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer on potato leaf in vegetative period, make it by photosynthesis, inorganic matter is converted into organic matter.The potato selenium content planted with the present invention is 0.04mg/kg, is 5 times that conventional method plants potato selenium content, meets the requirement of " selenium in food limit standard GB13105-91 ", its edibility and economic worth are greatly improved.
Use detoxification of the present invention rich selenium potato culture method, potato selenium content can be enable to reach the requirement of absorption of human body.The rich selenium potato of producing, human body is easy to absorb, and has edible safety, biological transformation ratio is high, for improving the ubiquitous low selenium diet structure of people, prevent disease, improving body immunity, safeguarding that people are healthy and have great social effect.
Embodiment 2
Detoxification of the present invention rich selenium potato culture method, concrete steps comprise selection of land, seed selection, site preparation and fertilization, vernalization, sowing, field management and results.
Selection of land
Select that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep loose, soil thickness is 40cm, does not plant the sandy loam plot of potato class or solanaceous crops in 3 years.Because potato is the crop of not resistance to continuous cropping, very sensitive to continuous cropping reaction, if plot plants potato continuously, not only cause disease serious, as bacterial wilt etc., and cause soil nutrient to lack of proper care, particularly some trace element, make potato growth bad, plant is short and small, yield poorly, poor quality.It is excellent that sandy loam has drainage performance, the feature that topsoil is deep, loose, is applicable to potato growth.
Seed selection
Select the detoxification kind that potato shape is regular, potato skin is smooth, bright and lustrous, kind selects the third 2-41, adopt weight be the whole potato of 35g as potato seed, and potato seed to be basked seeds and chemicals treatment.Virus-free seed potato refers to that seed potato is removed after the virus in potato block through a series of technical measures, the potato seed that is virus-free or rarely virus infection of acquisition, the advantages such as precocity, output are high, quality better that it has.Potato shape is regular, potato skin is smooth, bright and lustrous, weight is that the little whole potato of 35g is as potato seed, little whole potato is without stripping and slicing, cutting knife can be avoided to pass sick, and the vitality of little whole potato and drought resistance strong, emerge after broadcasting early neat, every cave bud number, stem number and stem tuber number increase, and have significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.Need prior to seeding to carry out chemicals treatment to potato seed, adopt concentration be 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate soak potato seed 20 minutes, not only prevented potato seed from rotting but also can Germination effect be improved.
Site preparation and fertilization
Sowing first half of the month deep ploughing, open railway carriage or compartment ridging, ridge height is 18cm, and every mu uses sufficient 3450 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures, 20 kilograms of superphosphate, 200 kilograms of ash.Use sufficient base fertilizer prior to seeding, use sufficient base manure and potato volume increase is played an important role.Potato forms a large amount of cauline leafs and stem tuber in vegetative period, and therefore, the nutriment of needs is more.In major fertilizer elements, maximum with the requirement of potassium, nitrogen takes second place, and phosphorus is minimum.
Vernalization
22 days prior to seeding, above-mentioned potato seed is placed in the indoor on the sunny side that the temperature with scattered light is 15 DEG C, complete straw mat below, described straw mat thickness was 20cm, within 5 days, stir potato seed once, within 12 days, grow 4 short strong buds, vernalization is played and is early emerged, early growth, extends vegetative period, the effect of increase yield.
Sowing
Sowing time is February 18, every ridge kind 2 row, and nest is apart from 29cm, and mu plants 5500 strains.
Field management
Field management comprises early spraying fertilizer, intertillage and loosens the soil and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Early spraying fertilizer, when being about to emerge, mu imposes after mixing with 5 kilograms, clear liquid dung 1000 kilograms and urea; In the neat seedling later stage, every mu of ditch spread 40 kilograms of ash, spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer vegetative period 3 times.The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer fertile 750ml of selenium of 3% is watered 300kg.Note when spraying guaranteeing water yield foot, spray evenly, the content of 25 days selenium reaches peak, and the Se content of potato is 0.02mg/kg.
Intertillage is loosened the soil
Intertillage is loosened the soil, and knot potato layer loosing soil is ventilated, and is beneficial to root growth, stolon extends and stem tuber expands.As native panel knot before emerging, should loosen the soil, in order to emerging.Qi Miaohou carries out first time intertillage in time, the degree of depth 10 centimetres, and in conjunction with weeding, first time intertills latter 15 days, carries out second time intertillage, should be slightly shallow.When buddingging, carry out third time intertillage, more shallow than second time intertillage.And combining ridging, ridging thickness is no more than 10 centimetres, to thicken knot potato layer, avoids potato block to expose, reduces Potato Quality.
The extermination of disease and insect pest
Disease is to prevent late blight, and after group, the agricultural chemicals of 5 days spray 75% tpn 400 times of liquid or other prevention late blights, connects spray 2 times, to spray leaf back; Insect pest, in case it is main for eliminating aphis, sprays 10% Imidacloprid, 100 times of liquid when finding aphid.
Results
Ripe at the bottom of May, rob fine day results after maturation, be careful during results, reduce damage potato skin, the potato block of damage will be deposited separately and its wound before storage is fully healed as far as possible.Harvest time rainproof, insolation proof, antifreeze.
Spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer on potato leaf in vegetative period, make it by photosynthesis, inorganic matter is converted into organic matter.The potato selenium content planted with the present invention is 0.02mg/kg, is 3 times that conventional method plants potato selenium content, meets the requirement of " selenium in food limit standard GB13105-91 ", its edibility and economic worth are greatly improved.
Use detoxification of the present invention rich selenium potato culture method, potato selenium content can be enable to reach the requirement of absorption of human body.The rich selenium potato of producing, human body is easy to absorb, and has edible safety, biological transformation ratio is high, for improving the ubiquitous low selenium diet structure of people, prevent disease, improving body immunity, safeguarding that people are healthy and have great social effect.
Embodiment 3
Detoxification of the present invention rich selenium potato culture method, concrete steps comprise selection of land, seed selection, site preparation and fertilization, vernalization, sowing, field management and results.
Selection of land
Select that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep loose, soil thickness is 50cm, does not plant the sandy loam plot of potato class or solanaceous crops in 3 years.Because potato is the crop of not resistance to continuous cropping, very sensitive to continuous cropping reaction, if plot plants potato continuously, not only cause disease serious, as bacterial wilt etc., and cause soil nutrient to lack of proper care, particularly some trace element, make potato growth bad, plant is short and small, yield poorly, poor quality.It is excellent that sandy loam has drainage performance, the feature that topsoil is deep, loose, is applicable to potato growth.
Seed selection
Select the detoxification kind that potato shape is regular, potato skin is smooth, bright and lustrous, husky assorted No. 15 of kind choosing, adopt weight be the whole potato of 40g as potato seed, and potato seed to be basked seeds and chemicals treatment.Virus-free seed potato refers to that seed potato is removed after the virus in potato block through a series of technical measures, the potato seed that is virus-free or rarely virus infection of acquisition, the advantages such as precocity, output are high, quality better that it has.Potato shape is regular, potato skin is smooth, bright and lustrous, weight is that the little whole potato of 40g is as potato seed, little whole potato is without stripping and slicing, cutting knife can be avoided to pass sick, and the vitality of little whole potato and drought resistance strong, emerge after broadcasting early neat, every cave bud number, stem number and stem tuber number increase, and have significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.Need prior to seeding to carry out chemicals treatment to potato seed, adopt concentration be 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate soak potato seed 20 minutes, not only prevented potato seed from rotting but also can Germination effect be improved.
Site preparation and fertilization
Sowing first half of the month deep ploughing, open railway carriage or compartment ridging, ridge height is 20cm, and every mu uses sufficient 4000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, 150 kilograms of ash.Use sufficient base fertilizer prior to seeding, use sufficient base manure and potato volume increase is played an important role.Potato forms a large amount of cauline leafs and stem tuber in vegetative period, and therefore, the nutriment of needs is more.In major fertilizer elements, maximum with the requirement of potassium, nitrogen takes second place, and phosphorus is minimum.
Vernalization
25 days prior to seeding, above-mentioned potato seed is placed in the indoor on the sunny side that the temperature with scattered light is 20 DEG C, complete straw mat below, described straw mat thickness was 25cm, within 5 days, stir potato seed once, within 10 days, grow 4 short strong buds, vernalization is played and is early emerged, early growth, extends vegetative period, the effect of increase yield.
Sowing
Sowing time is February 28, every ridge kind 2 row, and nest is apart from 33cm, and mu plants 5000 strains.
Field management
Field management comprises early spraying fertilizer, intertillage and loosens the soil and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Early spraying fertilizer, when being about to emerge, mu imposes after mixing with 10 kilograms, clear liquid dung 1000 kilograms and urea; In the neat seedling later stage, every mu of ditch spread 40 kilograms of ash, spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer vegetative period 7 times.The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer fertile 750ml of selenium of 3% is watered 350kg.Note when spraying guaranteeing water yield foot, spray evenly, the content of 30 days selenium reaches peak, and the Se content of potato is 0.08mg/kg.
Intertillage is loosened the soil
Intertillage is loosened the soil, and knot potato layer loosing soil is ventilated, and is beneficial to root growth, stolon extends and stem tuber expands.As native panel knot before emerging, should loosen the soil, in order to emerging.Qi Miaohou carries out first time intertillage in time, the degree of depth 8 centimetres, and in conjunction with weeding, first time intertills latter 10 days, carries out second time intertillage, should be slightly shallow.When buddingging, carry out third time intertillage, more shallow than second time intertillage.And combining ridging, ridging thickness is no more than 10 centimetres, to thicken knot potato layer, avoids potato block to expose, reduces Potato Quality.
The extermination of disease and insect pest
Disease is to prevent late blight, and after group, the agricultural chemicals of 7 days spray 75% tpn 400 times of liquid or other prevention late blights, connects spray 3 times, to spray leaf back; Insect pest, in case it is main for eliminating aphis, sprays 10% Imidacloprid, 100 times of liquid when finding aphid.
Results
The beginning of June is ripe, robs fine day results, be careful during results after maturation, and reduce damage potato skin, the potato block of damage will be deposited separately and its wound before storage is fully healed as far as possible.Harvest time rainproof, insolation proof, antifreeze.
Spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer on potato leaf in vegetative period, make it by photosynthesis, inorganic matter is converted into organic matter.The potato selenium content planted with the present invention is 0.08mg/kg, is 7 times that conventional method plants potato selenium content, meets the requirement of " selenium in food limit standard GB13105-91 ", its edibility and economic worth are greatly improved.
Use detoxification of the present invention rich selenium potato culture method, potato selenium content can be enable to reach the requirement of absorption of human body.The rich selenium potato of producing, human body is easy to absorb, and has edible safety, biological transformation ratio is high, for improving the ubiquitous low selenium diet structure of people, prevent disease, improving body immunity, safeguarding that people are healthy and have great social effect.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. detoxification rich selenium potato culture method, concrete steps comprise selection of land, seed selection, site preparation and fertilization, vernalization, sowing, field management and results, it is characterized in that:
Described seed selection, selects the detoxification kind that potato shape is regular, potato skin is smooth, bright and lustrous, adopt weight be the whole potato of 25-40g as potato seed, and chemicals treatment is carried out to potato seed;
Described site preparation and fertilization, sowing first half of the month deep ploughing, open railway carriage or compartment ridging, ridge height is 15-20cm, and every mu uses sufficient 2500-4000 kilogram of well-rotted farmyard manure, 15-25 kilogram of superphosphate, 150-250 kilogram of ash; Sowing time is first arrival late Febuary in February, every ridge kind 2 row, and nest is apart from 26-33cm, and mu plants 5000-6000 strain;
Described field management comprises early spraying fertilizer, described morning spraying fertilizer for when being about to emerge mu impose after mixing with urea 5-10 kilogram with clear liquid dung 1000 kilograms; In the neat seedling later stage, every mu of ditch spread 40 kilograms of ash also spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer 3-7 time.
2. detoxification as claimed in claim 1 rich selenium potato culture method, is characterized in that: described selection of land, selects that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep loose, and soil thickness is 35-50cm, does not plant the sandy loam plot of potato class or solanaceous crops in 3 years.
3. detoxification as claimed in claim 1 rich selenium potato culture method, is characterized in that: described chemicals treatment employing concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate immersion potato seed 15-20 minute of 0.2%.
4. detoxification as claimed in claim 1 rich selenium potato culture method, it is characterized in that: described vernalization, 20-25 days prior to seeding, described potato seed is placed in the indoor on the sunny side that the temperature with scattered light is 15-20 DEG C, complete straw mat below, described straw mat thickness is stir potato seed once in 20-25cm, 3-5 days, within 8-12 days, grows 2-3 short strong bud.
5. detoxification as claimed in claim 1 rich selenium potato culture method, is characterized in that: described selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer be with 3% selenium fertilizer 750ml be watered 250-350kg.
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CN106818172A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-13 | 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院 | A kind of use selenium-rich is coated the plantation selenium-rich potato method of potato seed |
CN108849345A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich potato |
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