CN102209669A - 货物运输 - Google Patents
货物运输 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102209669A CN102209669A CN2009801443822A CN200980144382A CN102209669A CN 102209669 A CN102209669 A CN 102209669A CN 2009801443822 A CN2009801443822 A CN 2009801443822A CN 200980144382 A CN200980144382 A CN 200980144382A CN 102209669 A CN102209669 A CN 102209669A
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Abstract
一种可折叠容器(10),其包括底部(12)、两个端部(14,16)以及一个或两个侧部(18)。两对提升元件导向结构件(24)被连接至所述底部(12)。所述端部可相对于所述底部在竖立状态和折叠状态之间移动,在所述竖立状态,所述端部从所述底部(12)的相对两端向上延伸,在所述折叠状态,所述端部大体上与所述底部(12)平行。所述端部(14,16)具有小于成对的所述提升元件导向结构件(24)之间的间距的宽度,以使得当将两个或更多个所述容器以它们的折叠状态布置成堆垛时,一个容器(10)的所述端部(14,16)被定位在堆垛中所述一个容器紧上方的容器(10)的所述提升元件导向结构件(24)之间。
Description
本发明涉及货物运输,尤其涉及一种货物运输用容器。
通常利用货物的重量和/或体积来计算货物的运输成本,因此,认为重量和由其中容纳有货物或不容纳货物的包装构成的体积空间对所述货物的成本和运输有直接的影响并且通常有线性影响。
因此,应当理解,当运输容纳有货物的包装时,在其中容纳有货物的结构占据的总体积当中,由实际的包装结构占据的空间以及任何不必要的空气空间都应该保持在最小值,以避免不必要地增加货物的运输成本。
此外,如果仅依据体积计算运输成本,并且假如包装腾空后仍具有相同的体积尺寸,则这样的包装被腾空后的返回成本将等于运送容纳有货物的包装的成本。
发明人注意到一种运输货物用容器,该运输货物用容器限定有可容纳货物的装载空间。这些容器的问题在于,在将货物运输到希望的目的地之后,将容器返回出发点的成本很高,并且容器常常在它们的目的地被破坏,这同样以自然资源为成本和代价。
试图解决所述问题,发明人注意到一种具有竖立状态和折叠状态的可折叠容器,在所述竖立状态中,可折叠容器限定了可容置待运输的货物的货物容置容积,在所述折叠状态中,由容器占据的体积小于当容器处于竖立状态时的体积,从而降低了运输空容器的成本。
虽然重新利用包装具有经济意义,但是一旦包装已被腾空则将该包装返回的成本对已运送的货物不会有任何价值,因此它是增大运送的货物的成本的附加费用。
因此,可以推断,待返回的包装的设计对在其中运送的货物的运输成本有直接影响,并且尽可能地,包装必须设计成限制附加到货物运输上的成本。
本发明的目的在于提供一种可折叠容器,发明人相信该可折叠容器将至少改善所述问题。
根据发明的一个方案,提供了一种可折叠容器,所述可折叠容器包括:
底部;
两对提升元件导向结构件,每对中的所述提升元件导向结构件在横向隔开的对齐位置处从所述底部向下突出;以及
至少两个端部,所述至少两个端部连接至所述底部,以在竖立状态和折叠状态之间移动,在所述竖立状态,所述至少两个端部从所述底部的相对两端向上延伸,在所述折叠状态,所述至少两个端部大体上平行于所述底部,所述端部具有小于成对的所述提升元件导向结构件之间的间距的宽度,以使得当将两个或更多个所述容器以折叠状态布置成堆垛时,一个容器的端部被定位在堆垛中的所述一个容器紧上方的容器的所述提升元件导向结构件之间。
为了改进空间利用和货物的运输与存储,在所述竖立状态下,多个所述容器可上下堆垛。
所述容器可以包括互补的上支承结构件和下支承结构件,所述上支承结构件和所述下支承结构件构造成,使得当多个相似的容器被布置成堆垛时,一个容器的所述下支承结构件与下方的容器的所述上支承结构件合作。
所述提升元件导向结构件可以构造成,使得可将叉车的提升叉或托盘搬运车的滚动支架容纳在其中。通常,叉车的所述叉具有45mm或更小的高度,而所述托盘搬运车的滚动支架具有大约90mm或更小的高度。为了提供适当的间隙,所述提升元件导向结构件的深度通常应该至少为95mm。
所述提升元件导向结构件的深度可以大于当所述容器处于其折叠状态时所述端部在所述底部的上方突出的高度,以使得当两个以上的所述容器被布置成堆垛时,所述一个容器的所述底部被以适当间隙支承在下方的容器的所述端部上方。
一个容器的所述底部和所述容器的所述端部之间的间距可以至少为45mm,以允许所述叉车的叉能够***所述容器之间。
所述底部通常包括框架,所述框架包括一对平行的侧构件和一对平行的端构件,所述一对平行的端构件连接至所述侧构件并且在所述侧构件之间延伸。所述侧构件可以由方管形成,并且所述端构件可以由角铁形成,通常通过焊接将所述角铁固定于所述端构件的底面。
所述提升元件导向结构件可以包括附接至所述侧构件并从所述侧构件悬垂的大体上U形或订书钉形构件。
所述订书钉形构件可以用扁钢条构成,并且包括中央部和垂直于所述中央部弯曲的两个端部,所述中央部平行于供附接所述订书钉形构件的所述侧构件延伸。
所述提升元件导向结构件的设置用来将所述容器定位在所述叉车或所述托盘搬运车上,从而抑制它们之间的相对运动。这是重要的考虑因素,因为多个容器可以上下堆垛,并且风险存在于,当在移动时转弯或在不平坦的路面上时,所述容器可能横向移动。使用所述提升元件导向结构件的另一个优点在于,它们允许所述容器横向倾斜以例如从容器中倒出内容物,这可以通过使所述叉车的叉旋转来实现。所述提升元件导向结构件也用来防止在刹车期间或者下坡期间所述容器向前倾斜。
向下敞开的导向元件可以被连接至成对的相关的所述订书钉形构件并且在所述订书钉形构件之间延伸。
一对纵向隔开的定位结构件可以从所述侧构件中的至少一个侧构件向上突出,所述定位结构件的空间布置与所述提升元件导向结构件的空间布置互补,以使得它们相合作并且使得在堆垛中布置的相邻容器相对于彼此定位。
所述端部可以枢转地连接至所述底部。每个端部均可以包括支承结构件,在所述容器的竖立状态下,所述支承结构件抵接支承表面,例如安置所述容器的地面。
所述容器可以包括可拆开地连接至所述端部的至少一个侧部。所述侧部可以枢转地连接至所述底部以在竖立状态和折叠状态之间枢转地移动。在其折叠状态下,所述侧部可以至少部分地被容置在所述底部内。优选地,所述容器包括两个侧部,在所述容器的竖立状态下,所述两个侧部从所述底部的相对两侧向上延伸。应当理解,为了装配在所述底部内,所述侧部或每个所述侧部均具有小于所述底部的宽度的高度。
根据发明的另一方案,提供了一种可折叠容器,所述可折叠容器包括:
底部;
至少两个端部,所述至少两个端部连接至所述底部以在竖立状态和折叠状态之间移动,在所述竖立状态,所述至少两个端部从所述底部的相对两端向上延伸,在所述折叠状态,所述至少两个端部大致与所述底部平行;以及
朝下的支承结构件,所述支承结构件从所述底部悬垂,并且构造成当所述容器处于竖立状态或折叠状态时,与相似容器上互补的支承结构件合作,以便于将这些容器上下堆垛。
当将处于折叠状态的多个所述容器布置成堆垛时,可以在一个容器的所述底部和相邻容器的所述端部之间具有间隙的情况下支承所述一个容器的所述底部。这种布置允许将所述叉车的叉***堆垛中相邻容器之间。
现在参照附图通过实施例描述发明。
附图中:
图1示出根据发明的可折叠容器处于其竖立状态的立体图;
图2示出图1的容器处于其折叠状态的立体图;
图3示出多个图1和图2的容器处于它们的折叠状态并且堆垛布置的正视图;
图4示出两个容器处于它们的折叠状态且上下堆垛的分解正视图;
图5以放大的比例示出图4的容器的一部分,图示了一个容器相对于下方的容器的位置;
图6示出根据发明的另一个可折叠容器处于其竖立状态的立体图;
图7示出两个图6的容器处于堆垛布置的正视图;
图8示出图6的容器处于其折叠状态的立体图;
图9示出图8的容器的正视图;以及
图10示出堆垛布置的两个图9的容器的正视图。
在附图的图1至5中,根据本发明的可折叠容器整体由附图标记10表示。
在图1至5所示的实施方式中,容器10包括:整体由附图标记12表示的底部、整体由附图标记14和16表示的两个端部、以及整体由附图标记18表示的一个侧部。
底部12呈矩形框架的形式,包括由钢箱型截面管或钢方管形成的两个平行的侧构件20。每个侧构件20均具有顶面20.1、底面20.2、内表面20.3以及外表面20.4。底部12还包括一对平行的端构件22,端构件22中的每一个均具有水平翼22.1和垂直的竖直翼22.2。端构件22的水平翼22.1例如通过焊接固定于侧构件20的底面20.2,并且竖直翼22.2从水平翼22.1的外缘向下悬垂。
容器10包括整体由附图标记24表示的连接至底部12的提升元件导向结构件。更具体地,每个提升元件导向结构件24包括一对U形或订书钉形构件26,该一对U形或订书钉形构件26彼此对齐地连接至侧构件20的底面20.2并且从该底面20.2向下突出。每个订书钉形构件26通常均由一定长度的扁钢条构成,并且具有中央构件28和从该中央构件28的相对两端向上突出的一对竖直构件30,竖直构件30的自由端例如通过焊接被固定于侧构件20的底面20.2,使得中央构件28平行于侧构件20延伸。因此在订书钉形构件26和与侧构件相关的底面20.2之间限定一矩形孔32,如这里在下面更详细地描述的,提升元件可以被容置在该矩形孔32内。可选地,向下敞开的导槽34被连接至对齐的订书钉形构件26并且在这两个订书钉形构件26之间延伸。两个导槽34均用来引导叉车的叉或者托盘搬运车的滚动支架并且加强底部12。孔32通常具有大约300mm的宽度W(图5)和大约95mm的深度,以使得叉车的叉或托盘搬运车的滚动支架可容置在所述孔32中。提升元件导向结构件24之间的间距被选择为与叉车的叉或托盘搬运车的滚动支架之间的标准间距对应。
一对纵向间隔开的定位结构件36被附接于每个侧构件20的顶面20.1并且从该顶面20.1向上突出。每个定位结构件36通常由扁钢条形成,定位结构件36的外表面之间的间距P(图4)被选择为比订书钉形构件的内表面之间的间距L(图4)略小,如这里在下面更详细地描述的,以有助于将可折叠容器定位成堆垛。
每个端部14、16均包括一对柱38,该一对柱38借助于枢转销40被枢转地连接至底部12,枢转销40贯穿凸出部42中的孔和柱38中对应的孔,凸出部42邻近于侧构件20的端部附接于侧构件20的顶面20.1并且从该顶面20.1向上突出。横向连接构件44邻近柱38的远离销40的端部被连接(例如通过焊接)至柱38并且在柱38之间延伸。脚部46被连接至每个柱的可操作的下端,并且每个柱的上端设有结构件48,该结构件48可容置在相似容器的脚部46内,以便于容器10在处于它们的竖立状态时的堆垛。因此,脚部46和结构件48形成互补的支承结构件,它们合作以使相邻容器相对于彼此定位在容器堆垛中。
侧部18包括一对柱50,该一对柱50借助于成对凸出部52被枢转地连接至底部12,该成对凸出部52从侧构件20的内表面20.3向内延伸。枢转销54贯穿凸出部52和柱50中的对齐的孔。纵向构件56被连接至柱50的自由端,并且闩锁装置58设置在纵向构件56的端部并且被构造成可释放地分别接合端部14、16。若需要,容器可以包括在端部14、16之间延伸的一对侧部18。
如附图中的图1中最佳可见,当可折叠容器10处于其竖立状态时,端部14、16从底部12垂直向上延伸,并且侧部或每个侧部18在端部之间延伸并且从底部向上延伸,以限定可容置待运输的货物的大体平行六面体容积。容器搁置在支承表面上,例如以脚部46和订书钉形构件26立在地面上。在容器10的竖立状态,通过将上面容器的脚部46定位在下面容器的支承结构件48之上,可以将一个容器10堆垛在另一个容器的顶部。
在容器10的竖立状态,容器10用来以传统方式运输货物。在这点上,提升元件导向结构件24可以以传统方式与叉车的叉或托盘搬运车的滚动支架接合。应当理解,根据待运输的货物的性质,可以覆盖底部、侧部以及端部从而形成封闭容积。此外,若需要,容器可以包括顶部以在其竖立状态下形成完全封闭的容积。
为了使容器10移动至其折叠状态,释放闩锁装置58,并且使侧部18沿箭头60的方向枢转地移动,直到它位于侧构件20之间。然后使端部14、16分别沿箭头62、64的方向移动。由于凸出部40在侧构件20上方突出,在移位后的状态下,如图2所示,端部14、16与侧构件20平行并且略高于侧构件20。此外,如在附图的图2中可见,端部14、16的外表面14.1、16.1与侧构件的外表面20.4向内间隔开,从而使侧构件20的顶面20.1的至少一部分暴露。
当容器10处于它们的折叠状态时,为了堆垛容器10,如附图的图3、4以及5所示,上面容器10的订书钉形构件26被定位成使得,它们搁置在下面容器或下方容器的侧构件20的暴露的顶面20.1上。应当理解,下方容器的端部14、16将被定位在上面容器的订书钉形构件26之间。然而,端部14、16在侧构件20上方突出的高度Q(图5)显著小于订书钉形构件26的深度D,使得上面容器的侧构件的底面20.2在下面容器的端部14、16上方间隔开至少45mm。
应当理解,仅使用托盘搬运车使搁置在地面上的容器移位,因此仅该容器需要使提升元件定位结构件具有全部深度D。对于布置成堆垛的任何其他容器10,使用叉车使该容器或其上方的任何容器升起。然而,叉车的叉明显比托盘搬运车的滚动支架浅,因此布置成堆垛的相邻容器10之间的间距将足以允许叉车的叉***提升元件定位结构件中。
此外,如在附图的图3、4以及5中最佳可见,当将上面容器10放置在下方容器上时,定位结构件36定位在上面容器的订书钉形构件26之间,从而用来限制容器相对于彼此的纵向移动。通过将端部14设置在订书钉形构件26之间,可以限制容器相对于彼此的横向移动。
现在参照附图的图6至10,在图6至10中,根据发明的另一个可折叠容器整体由附图标记250表示,并且除非另有所指,上面使用的相同的附图标记用于表示相似的部件。
容器250和容器10之间的一个差异在于,在容器250中,脚部46被固定于底部12并且形成向下敞开的支承结构件。如在附图的图7中最佳可见,当容器250处于其竖立状态时,脚部46与下方的容器250的结构件48合作以便于上下堆垛处于竖立状态的容器250。此外,如在附图的图10中最佳可见,当处于其折叠状态时,一个容器的脚部46与下方的容器的凸出部42的上端合作以便于上下堆垛容器。
应当理解,由于以下事实,即,基于容器是处于其竖立状态还是折叠状态,通过脚部或相关的互补支承结构件,即48或42,将堆垛的容器250相对于彼此定位,因此不需要使用结构件36。
关于这种布置的另一个优点在于,当将容器250移动至其折叠状态时,脚部46不会像容器10中一样纵向突出于底部之外。与容器10相比,这进一步减小了由折叠的容器250占据的体积。
容器250和容器10之间的另一个差异在于,在容器250的情况下,端部14、16均具有大于底部12的长度的一半的高度。结果,如在附图的图9中清楚可见,当将端部14、16移动到它们的折叠状态时,它们重叠。为利于该布置,在端部14枢转地连接至相关的凸出部的高度以下的高度处,将端部16枢转地连接至相关的凸出部42。因此,当端部14、16移动到它们的折叠状态时,端部14、16重叠并且基本上相互平行地平放。当然,在保持于本发明的范围内的同时,容器的各种其他变型是可能的。
容器250和容器10之间的再一个差异在于,容器250不使用导槽34。可选地,将板或面板附接于底部。所述布置具有以下优点,它允许叉车的叉或托盘搬运车的滚动支架的四向进入,即从容器的任一侧或任一端进入。
与发明人知道的现有技术的可折叠容器相比,其中在它们的折叠状态下,容器被简单地上下堆垛,使得容器之间的间距是提升元件导向结构件的全高度,根据本发明的嵌套布置对于堆垛中的每个容器均减小堆垛的高度大约45至50mm。与现有技术下情况相比,这将允许显著更多的容器被布置在给定高度的堆垛中,导致大幅增加空间效率并且由此显著改善与处于折叠状态的容器的运输相关的成本。这自然对运输当容器处于竖立状态时容纳在其内的货物有成本效益。
发明人相信根据发明的容器将易于使用,另外,定位结构件的设置确保了稳定且安全地堆垛容器。
Claims (14)
1.一种可折叠容器,所述可折叠容器包括:
底部;
两对提升元件导向结构件,每对中的所述提升元件导向结构件在横向隔开的对齐位置处从所述底部向下突出;以及
至少两个端部,所述至少两个端部连接至所述底部,以在竖立状态和折叠状态之间移动,在所述竖立状态,所述至少两个端部从所述底部的相对两端向上延伸,在所述折叠状态,所述至少两个端部大体上平行于所述底部,所述端部具有小于成对的所述提升元件导向结构件之间的间距的宽度,以使得当将两个或更多个所述容器以折叠状态布置成堆垛时,一个容器的端部被定位在所述堆垛中的所述一个容器紧上方的容器的所述提升元件导向结构件之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的可折叠容器,该可折叠容器包括互补的上支承结构件和下支承结构件,所述上支承结构件和所述下支承结构件构造成使得,当将多个相似的容器布置成堆垛时,一个容器的所述下支承结构件与下方的容器的所述上支承结构件合作。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的可折叠容器,其中,所述提升元件导向结构件的深度大于当所述容器处于其折叠状态时所述端部在所述底部的上方突出的高度,以使得当将两个或更多个容器布置成堆垛时,所述一个容器的所述底部被有间隙地支承在下方的容器的所述端部上方。
4.如权利要求3所述的可折叠容器,其中,一个容器的所述底部和所述下方的容器的所述端部之间的间距至少为45mm,以允许叉车的叉能够***所述容器之间。
5.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的可折叠容器,其中,所述底部包括框架,所述框架包括一对平行的侧构件和连接至所述侧构件并在所述侧构件之间延伸的一对平行的端构件,所述侧构件优选地由方管形成,并且所述端构件优选地由角铁形成,所述角铁被固定于所述端构件的底面。
6.如权利要求5所述的可折叠容器,其中,所述提升元件导向结构件包括订书钉形构件,所述订书钉形构件被附接至所述侧构件并从所述侧构件悬垂。
7.如权利要求6所述的可折叠容器,其中,所述订书钉形构件由扁钢条形成,每个构件均包括中央部和垂直于所述中央部的两个端部,所述中央部平行于供附接所述订书钉形构件的所述侧构件延伸。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的可折叠容器,其中,向下敞开的导槽被连接至成对的相关的所述订书钉形构件并且在所述订书钉形构件之间延伸。
9.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的可折叠容器,其中,一对纵向隔开的定位结构件从所述侧构件中的至少一个侧构件向上突出,所述定位结构件的空间布置与所述提升元件导向结构件的空间布置互补,以使得它们相合作并且使得在堆垛中布置的相邻容器相对于彼此定位。
10.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的可折叠容器,其中,所述端部被枢转地连接至所述底部。
11.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的可折叠容器,该可折叠容器包括能够拆开地连接至所述端部的至少一个侧部,所述侧部被枢转地连接至所述底部以在竖立状态和折叠状态之间枢转地移动,所述侧部在其折叠状态下能至少部分地被容置在所述底部内。
12.如权利要求11所述的可折叠容器,其中,所述容器包括两个侧部,在所述容器的所述竖立状态下,所述两个侧部从所述底部的相对两侧向上延伸。
13.一种可折叠容器,所述可折叠容器包括:
底部;
至少两个端部,所述至少两个端部连接至所述底部以在竖立状态和折叠状态之间移动,在所述竖立状态,所述至少两个端部从所述底部的相对两端向上延伸,在所述折叠状态,所述至少两个端部大体上与所述底部平行;以及
朝下的支承结构件,所述支承结构件从所述底部悬垂,并且构造成当所述容器处于竖立状态或折叠状态时,与相似容器上的互补的支承结构件合作,以便于上下堆垛这些容器。
14.如权利要求13所述的可折叠容器,其中,当将处于折叠状态的多个所述容器布置成堆垛时,在一个容器的所述底部和相邻容器的所述端部之间设置有间隙。
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ZA2008/08681 | 2008-10-10 | ||
ZA200808681 | 2008-10-10 | ||
PCT/IB2009/054440 WO2010041222A1 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2009-10-09 | Transport of goods |
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CN102209669A true CN102209669A (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
CN102209669B CN102209669B (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
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CN2009801443822A Expired - Fee Related CN102209669B (zh) | 2008-10-10 | 2009-10-09 | 可折叠容器 |
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US (1) | US8453861B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2346740B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5553453B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101630388B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102209669B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009302011B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0920452A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2740312A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2425717T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2011003840A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY161137A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2346740T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2530866C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010041222A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201103234B (zh) |
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- 2009-10-09 CA CA2740312A patent/CA2740312A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-09 RU RU2011118057/12A patent/RU2530866C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-10-09 KR KR1020117010733A patent/KR101630388B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-10-09 US US13/123,508 patent/US8453861B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-09 CN CN2009801443822A patent/CN102209669B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-09 BR BRPI0920452A patent/BRPI0920452A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-10-09 PL PL09740973T patent/PL2346740T3/pl unknown
- 2009-10-09 WO PCT/IB2009/054440 patent/WO2010041222A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-10-09 AU AU2009302011A patent/AU2009302011B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-10-09 MX MX2011003840A patent/MX2011003840A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-10-09 MY MYPI2011001594A patent/MY161137A/en unknown
- 2009-10-09 JP JP2011530620A patent/JP5553453B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-09 ES ES09740973T patent/ES2425717T3/es active Active
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- 2011-05-04 ZA ZA2011/03234A patent/ZA201103234B/en unknown
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KR20110069867A (ko) | 2011-06-23 |
PL2346740T3 (pl) | 2014-01-31 |
ZA201103234B (en) | 2012-01-25 |
CN102209669B (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
EP2346740A1 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
RU2530866C2 (ru) | 2014-10-20 |
AU2009302011A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
JP5553453B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
US8453861B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
RU2011118057A (ru) | 2012-11-20 |
US20110192760A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
MX2011003840A (es) | 2011-06-17 |
BRPI0920452A2 (pt) | 2015-12-22 |
WO2010041222A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
EP2346740B1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
JP2012505129A (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
ES2425717T3 (es) | 2013-10-16 |
AU2009302011B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
CA2740312A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
MY161137A (en) | 2017-04-14 |
KR101630388B1 (ko) | 2016-06-14 |
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