CN102199676B - Sturgeon skin chrome tanning leather production process - Google Patents
Sturgeon skin chrome tanning leather production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN102199676B CN102199676B CN2011100913726A CN201110091372A CN102199676B CN 102199676 B CN102199676 B CN 102199676B CN 2011100913726 A CN2011100913726 A CN 2011100913726A CN 201110091372 A CN201110091372 A CN 201110091372A CN 102199676 B CN102199676 B CN 102199676B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sturgeon skin chrome tanning leather production process, which comprises the following steps: immersing in water; removing meat manually; degreasing; scraping oil slick; liming; scraping oil slick; liming again; scraping oil slick; deliming and softening; bleaching by oxidization; pickling; bleaching by reduction; chrome tanning; dyeing and greasing; re-tanning; washing; hanging and drying; and coating. In the invention, when the sturgeon skin chrome tanning leather production is adopted, the grease content in the sturgeon skin can be reduced obviously and the color of particle surface of the back of the sturgeon skin can be lightened; and thus, dyeing or production of light leather can be facilitated, the finished leather retains the natural attractive scales and special textures of sturgeon skin, the utilization value of the sturgeon skin is improved greatly, and the added value of the product is increased obviously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about a kind of leather processing technology, particularly a kind of chrome tanning process hides production technique of sturgeon skin.
Background technology
Sturgeon is animals under first-class state protection, once lives in the same epoch with dinosaur, therefore has very high researching value.In recent years, along with the continuous development of propagating the sturgeon technology artificially, the edibleness of sturgeon has been done relevant research both at home and abroad.
The sturgeon whole body is precious: fish-bone contains the anticancer factor, but the effect of health therapy is played in the anticancer division; The flesh of fish has effects such as beauty treatment, skin care, hypotensive blood fat, brain tonic, kidney tonifying; Roe sauce contains protein-high, and nutrition is extremely abundant; Fish liver and internal organ thereof also can be made into exquisite food.
Though sturgeon has very high edibleness, but very low to the utilization ratio of sturgeon skin both at home and abroad at present, China has the sturgeon skin more than 700 tons to be dropped every year, has wasted resource so on the one hand, has also polluted environment on the other hand.Therefore, how rationally to utilize the sturgeon skin, it " is turned waste into wealth " more and more receive people's attention.
The special texture of sturgeon skin and natural magnificent scale have been given the singularity of its research; If the sturgeon skin is processed into leather through protecting the squama technology; And then manufacture various leather goods such as suitcase, leather shoes and belt etc.; Its added value of product can significantly increase, and this will become the new trend of sturgeon skin resource utilization development undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of chrome tanning process hides production technique of sturgeon skin; Utilize this technology can significantly reduce the fat content of sturgeon skin; The color depth that alleviates its ridge portion grain is beneficial to paintedly carry out or produce the light color leather, makes the finished product leather can keep the scale of special texture of sturgeon skin and natural grace, improves the utility value of sturgeon skin greatly; Its added value of product is significantly increased, also can solve the problems such as the wasting of resources that existing sturgeon skin utility value is low and produce simultaneously.
The chrome tanning process hides production technique of sturgeon skin includes following step among the present invention: oil film → multiple ash → blowing oil film → deashing and softening → oxidation bleaching → pickling → reduction bleaching → chrome tanning → dyeing and fat-liquoring → retanning → washing → extension dries dry → covering with paint for immersion → manual fleshing → degreasing → scrape oil film → liming → scrape; Below percentage composition in each operation all the weight of sturgeon skin is benchmark before this operation to operate; Be weight percent, wherein:
Immersion: pending sturgeon skin is immersed in the soak solution, comprises water 200%～400%, permeate agent 1%～5%, sterilant 0.1%～0.5% and yellow soda ash 1%～3% in this soak solution, the time of immersion is for spending the night;
Manual fleshing: after immersion eases back, take the mode of artificial fleshing to remove the remaining flesh of fish in sturgeon skin surface;
Degreasing: the sturgeon skin after the fleshing processing is inserted in the degreasing fluid of temperature between 35～40 ℃; Comprise water 200%～400%, grease-removing agent 2%～7%, yellow soda ash 1%～4% in this degreasing fluid, the sturgeon skin left standstill in said degreasing fluid after 2～10 hours to be washed;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin that carries out respectively after degreasing, liming, multiple ash are handled is scraped off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded;
Liming: the sturgeon skin after will scraping oil film and handling places the liming liquid of normal temperature; Moisture 200%～400% in this liming liquid, auxiliary liming agent 1%～4%, grease-removing agent 1%～3%, Sodium sulfhydrate 0.5%～1.5%, sodium sulphite 1%～3%, lime 2%～6%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in liming liquid, discharge opeing washing in morning next day;
Multiple ash: will scrape the multiple lixivium that sturgeon skin after oil film is handled places normal temperature, moisture 150%～300% in this multiple lixivium, auxiliary liming agent 1%～3%; Grease-removing agent 1%～2%; Sodium sulfhydrate 0.4%～1.2%, sodium sulphite 0.1%～0.5%, lime 2%～6%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in multiple lixivium, discharge opeing washing in morning next day;
Deashing and softening: the sturgeon skin that will scrape earlier after oil film is handled places the deashing and softening liquid of normal temperature to leave standstill 2～4 hours; In this deashing and softening liquid moisture 200%～400%; Ammonium salt 1%～4% is 7.5～8.0 leaving standstill the pH that handles back re-adjustment deashing and softening liquid, adds zymin 0.1%～1.0% then; Let earlier zymin infiltration 1～4 hour at normal temperatures, be warming up to 35～40 ℃ again after to soft and soggyization of sturgeon 30～90 minutes;
Oxidation bleaching: in deashing and softening liquid, add oxygenant the sturgeon skin is carried out the oxidation bleaching processing, the consumption of oxygenant is 2%～15%, after adding oxygenant, the sturgeon skin that is immersed in the deashing and softening liquid is left standstill 2～4 hours;
Pickling: the sturgeon skin behind the oxidation bleaching is placed pickling liquid, and moisture 80%～150% in the pickling liquid, neutral salt 4%～10%, sturgeon skin permeate in pickling liquid and add 2%～5% acid after 10～30 minutes, and the pH that regulates pickling liquid is 2.5～3.0;
Reduction bleaching: in pickling liquid, add reductive agent the sturgeon skin is carried out the reduction bleaching processing, the consumption of reductive agent is 2%～15%, after adding reductive agent, makes the sturgeon skin hold over night that is immersed in the pickling liquid;
Chrome tanning: the reduction bleaching processing finishes the back and in pickling liquid, adds chrome tanning agent; The consumption of chrome tanning agent is 6%～10%; Earlier hold over night is fully permeated chrome tanning agent at normal temperatures, checks that otch becomes evenly blue this moment, divides after next day pickling liquid being warming up to 35 ℃ to add alkali at least for 4 times to regulate pH be 3.8～4.2; The timed interval that at every turn adds alkali was at least 30～50 minutes, will regulate pickling liquid behind the pH at last and leave standstill the fiber that made in 2～4 hours in chrome tanning agent and the sturgeon skin and accomplish crosslinking reaction;
Dyeing and fat-liquoring: will the sturgeon skin after chrome tanning is handled insert temperature and be in 40～50 ℃ the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid; In the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid moisture 200%～400%; Dyestuff 2%～5%; Fatting agent 15%～25% rotated 10～30 minutes after wherein adding dyestuff, added fatting agent then and rotated and made its abundant dyeing and fat-liquoring in 2～8 hours;
Retanning: the abundant back of dyeing adds acid earlier in dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid left standstill 30～60 minutes, after adjusting pH is 3.0～4.0, added 3%～7% retanning agent, rotated after washing taking-up in 1～4 hour and washed successively, hangs and dry dry and covering with paint.
Ammonium salt in the said deashing and softening liquid is inorganic acid ammonium salt or organic acid ammonium salt.
Said inorganic acid ammonium salt is ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride, and said organic acid ammonium salt is ammonium formate or ammonium acetate.
Used enzyme preparation is industrial pancreatin or low temperature softening enzyme in the operation of said deashing and softening.
Used oxygenant is ydrogen peroxide 50, Peracetic Acid, potassium permanganate, persulphate, perborate or dichromate in the operation of said oxidation bleaching, and used reductive agent is sodium sulfite anhy 96, Sodium Pyrosulfite, vat powder or thiourea peroxide in the operation of said reduction bleaching.
To the scale inboard of the ridge portion of said sturgeon be scratched with cutter in the operation of said fleshing, the grease of sturgeon intracutaneous is oozed out fully.
Add 1%～5% permeate agent in each operation of said degreasing, dyeing and fat-liquoring and retanning respectively.
The interpolation of fatting agent is added several times in the operation of said dyeing and fat-liquoring.
The acid that in the operation of said retanning, adds is the formic acid of 0.1-0.8%; The retanning agent that adds is 3%～6% aluminium tannin, Light Extract retanning agent or chromium retanning; The light color leather can be prepared when adding aluminium tannin or Light Extract retanning agent, dark leather can be prepared when adding the chromium retanning.
The operation of said immersion, degreasing, liming, multiple ash, deashing and softening, oxidation bleaching, pickling, reduction bleaching and chrome tanning is all carried out in paddle-tumble separately, and the operation of said dyeing and fat-liquoring and retanning is carried out in the rotary drum of slow rotation.
The operation of said covering with paint comprises spray-painting → back cover → primary coat → top light → spray feel.
The advantage of the chrome tanning process hides production technique of sturgeon skin among the present invention: the sturgeon skin is processed the fat content that can significantly reduce the sturgeon skin through the chrome tanning production technique; The color depth that alleviates its ridge portion grain is beneficial to paintedly carry out or produce the light color leather; Make the finished product leather keep the scale of the natural grace of sturgeon skin and special texture; Improve the use value of sturgeon skin greatly, its added value of product is significantly increased.Utilize soft, plentiful, the high resilience of the sturgeon skin that explained hereafter goes out among the present invention, grain is carefully flat and maintain beautiful complete natural scale, and outward appearance is graceful, and color is pure, and shrinkage temperature is high, and physical and mechanical properties is good.Product can be used to do suitcase, leather shoes, belt and ornamental etc., has very high practical value and appreciates reserve value.
The practical implementation method
The chrome tanning process hides production technique of sturgeon skin comprises the steps: immersion → manual fleshing → degreasing → scrape oil film → liming → scrape successively oil film → multiple ash → blowing oil film → deashing and softening → oxidation bleaching → pickling → reduction bleaching → chrome tanning → dyeing and fat-liquoring → retanning → washing → extension dries dry → covering with paint among the present invention.
Include spray-painting → back cover → primary coat → top light → several procedures of spray feel in the operation of wherein covering with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.Fleshing in the whole production technology, scrape oil film, oxidation bleaching, reduction bleaching, chrome tanning, retanning and covering with paint operation and the chrome tanning production technique is basic identical at present, just do simple the description.
Through the practical implementation instance the present invention is described in detail explanation below, all the weight of sturgeon skin is benchmark to the percentage composition in each operation of the present invention before this operation to operate, and is weight percent.The product that adopts among the present invention in addition is DESAY's that related prods.
Embodiment 1
The chrome tanning process hides production technique of sturgeon skin may further comprise the steps successively in the present embodiment;
Immersion: pending sturgeon skin is immersed in the soak solution, includes water 300% in this soak solution, permeate agent such as JFC1%, grease-removing agent 1%, sterilant such as KL0.15%, yellow soda ash 1%, the time of immersion is to spend the night.
Manual fleshing: the state of the inferior daily inspection sturgeon skin of handling in immersion; The manual fleshing in back fully eases back; Promptly take the mode of artificial fleshing to remove the remaining flesh of fish in sturgeon skin surface; Weigh, in fleshing, will strengthen the fleshing of ridge portion and belly position, limit, come off but should note protecting it simultaneously natural scale is unlikely.
Degreasing: the sturgeon skin after fleshing handled is inserted in the degreasing fluid of temperature between 35～40 ℃, and moisture 250% in this degreasing fluid, grease-removing agent 3%, yellow soda ash 3%, sturgeon skin leave standstill in degreasing fluid after 2～10 hours and carry out discharge opeing, washing.
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Liming: the sturgeon skin after will scraping oil film and handling places the liming liquid of normal temperature, and liming liquid is moisture 250%, auxiliary liming agent 1%; Grease-removing agent 2%, Sodium sulfhydrate 1%, sodium sulphite 1.2%; Lime powder 4%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in liming liquid, discharge opeing in morning next day, washing, and the expansion situation of inspection sturgeon skin;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Multiple ash: will scrape the multiple lixivium that sturgeon skin after oil film is handled places normal temperature, moisture 200% in the multiple lixivium, auxiliary liming agent 1%; Grease-removing agent 2%, Sodium sulfhydrate 0.8%, sodium sulphite 0.2%; Lime powder 4%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in multiple lixivium, discharge opeing in morning next day, washing, and inspection expansion situation;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Deashing and softening: the sturgeon skin that will scrape earlier after oil film is handled places the deashing and softening liquid of normal temperature to leave standstill 2～4 hours; In this deashing and softening liquid moisture 300%; Ammonium sulfate in the inorganic ammonium salt or ammonium chloride 2% are 7.5～8.0 leaving standstill the pH that handles back re-adjustment deashing and softening liquid, add zymine 0.15% then; Let earlier zymine infiltration 1～4 hour at normal temperatures, be warming up to 35～40 ℃ again after to soft and soggyization of sturgeon 30～90 minutes.Pancreatin in this deashing and softening operation is industrial pancreatin, also can use the low temperature softening enzyme.
Oxidation bleaching: in deashing and softening liquid, add oxidant hydrogen peroxide the sturgeon skin is carried out the oxidation bleaching processing; The consumption of oxidant hydrogen peroxide is 8%; After adding oxidant hydrogen peroxide, the sturgeon skin that is immersed in the deashing and softening liquid was left standstill 2～4 hours; Sturgeon skin to behind the oxidation bleaching is washed processing, and checks its softening situation, mainly comprises pliability and intensity.Ydrogen peroxide 50 in this oxidation bleaching can be substituted by oxygenants such as Peracetic Acid, potassium permanganate, persulphate, perborate or dichromates.
Pickling: the sturgeon skin after oxidation bleaching and the washing is placed pickling liquid, and moisture 100% in the pickling liquid, salt 8%, sturgeon skin permeate in pickling liquid and add 3% formic acid after 10～30 minutes, and the pH that regulates pickling liquid is 2.5～2.8, leaves standstill 60 minutes.
Reduction bleaching: in pickling liquid, carry out reduction bleaching and handle, promptly in pickling liquid, add 8% reductive agent Sodium Pyrosulfite, the sturgeon skin is carried out reduction bleaching handle, after adding the reductive agent Sodium Pyrosulfite, make the sturgeon skin hold over night that is immersed in the pickling liquid.Sodium Pyrosulfite in this reduction bleaching can be substituted by sodium sulfite anhy 96, vat powder or thiourea peroxide.
Chrome tanning: the chrome tanning agent standard chromium powder T125 that finishes back adding 7% in pickling liquid in the reduction bleaching processing; Hold over night is fully permeated chrome tanning agent at normal temperatures earlier; Check that otch becomes evenly blue this moment, divide after next day pickling liquid being warming up to 35 ℃ to add alkali at least for 4 times to regulate pH be 3.8～4.2, add 30～50 minutes timed intervals of alkali at every turn; To regulate pickling liquid behind the pH at last and leave standstill the fiber that made in 2～4 hours in chrome tanning agent and the sturgeon skin and accomplish crosslinking reaction, added alkali is sodium bicarbonate.
Dyeing and fat-liquoring: will the sturgeon skin after chrome tanning is handled insert temperature and be in 40～50 ℃ the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid; In the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid moisture 250%; Red (Red-R) dyestuff 2%, LQ-5 fatting agent 18%, synthetic fat liquor SO 6%; Rotated 10～30 minutes earlier after adding dyestuff, add fatting agent LQ-5 then and rotated again 4～8 hours.The interpolation of fatting agent can be added several times in this dyeing and fat-liquoring operation, strengthens the stuffing effect.
Retanning: in dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, add 0.3% formic acid earlier and left standstill 30～60 minutes; Earlier dyeing is fixed, after regulating pH simultaneously and being 3.0～4.0, added 4% retanning agent aluminium tannin preparation light color leather again; Rotate 1～4 hour after washing and take out, wash successively again, hang and dry dry and covering with paint.
In the present embodiment, all process steps before the dyeing and fat-liquoring all carries out in paddle-tumble separately, the mechanical effect that need not add, and dyeing and fat-liquoring and retanning operation are then carried out in rotary drum, but rotating speed must be slow, with tamper-proof scale.
In addition; Present embodiment can also carrying behind the alkali and increase the operation that expands liquid 250%, rinsing and degreasing before the dyeing and fat-liquoring operation at chrome tanning process; The time of wherein expanding liquid is to spend the night, rinsing process be adopt that water is 250%, formic acid is 0.4% normal temperature rinsing liquid, the time of concrete rinsing is 10～20 minutes; After rinsing, carry out water elder generation, discharge opeing; The sturgeon skin is inserted again and carry out skimming treatment in the degreasing fluid, the degreasing fluid that degreasing is here used is 250% water and 1% grease-removing agent, and the time of concrete degreasing is 10 minutes.
Embodiment 2
The chrome tanning process hides production technique of sturgeon skin may further comprise the steps successively in the present embodiment;
Immersion: pending sturgeon skin is immersed in the soak solution, includes water 200% in this soak solution, permeate agent 1%, sterilant 0.5%, yellow soda ash 2%, the time of immersion is to spend the night.
Fleshing: the state of the inferior daily inspection sturgeon skin of handling in immersion; The manual fleshing in back fully eases back; Promptly take the mode of artificial fleshing to remove the remaining flesh of fish in sturgeon skin surface; Weigh, in fleshing, will strengthen the fleshing of ridge portion and belly position, limit, come off but should note protecting it simultaneously natural scale is unlikely.
Degreasing: the sturgeon skin after fleshing handled is inserted the degreasing fluid of temperature between 35～40 ℃, and moisture 200% in this degreasing fluid, grease-removing agent 2%, yellow soda ash 1%, sturgeon skin leave standstill in degreasing fluid after 2～10 hours and carry out discharge opeing, washing.
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Liming: the sturgeon skin after will scraping oil film and handling places the liming liquid of normal temperature, and liming liquid is moisture 200%, auxiliary liming agent 2%, grease-removing agent 1%; Sodium sulfhydrate 0.5%, sodium sulphite 1%, lime powder 2%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in liming liquid, discharge opeing in morning next day, washing, and inspection expansion situation;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Multiple ash: will scrape the multiple lixivium that sturgeon skin after oil film is handled places normal temperature, moisture 150% in the multiple lixivium, auxiliary liming agent 3%; Grease-removing agent 1%, Sodium sulfhydrate 0.4%, sodium sulphite 0.1%; Lime powder 2%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in multiple lixivium, discharge opeing in morning next day, washing, and inspection expansion situation;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Deashing and softening: the sturgeon skin that will scrape earlier after oil film is handled places the deashing and softening liquid of normal temperature to leave standstill 2～4 hours; In this deashing and softening liquid moisture 200%; Ammonium formate in the organic acid ammonium salt or ammonium acetate 1% are 7.5～8.0 leaving standstill the pH that handles back re-adjustment deashing and softening liquid, add zymine 0.1% then; Let earlier zymine infiltration 1～4 hour at normal temperatures, be warming up to 35～40 ℃ again after to soft and soggyization of sturgeon 30～90 minutes.
Oxidation bleaching: in deashing and softening liquid, add ydrogen peroxide 50 the sturgeon skin is carried out the oxidation bleaching processing; The consumption 8% of ydrogen peroxide 50; After adding ydrogen peroxide 50, the sturgeon skin that is immersed in the deashing and softening liquid was left standstill 2～4 hours; Sturgeon skin to behind the oxidation bleaching is washed processing, and checks its softening situation, mainly comprises pliability and intensity.Ydrogen peroxide 50 in this oxidation bleaching can be substituted by Peracetic Acid, potassium permanganate, persulphate, perborate or dichromate.
Pickling: the sturgeon skin after oxidation bleaching and the washing is placed pickling liquid, and moisture 80% in the pickling liquid, salt 6%, sturgeon skin permeate in pickling liquid and add 2% formic acid after 10～30 minutes, and the pH that regulates pickling liquid is 2.5～2.8, leaves standstill 60 minutes.
Reduction bleaching: in pickling liquid, carry out reduction bleaching and handle, promptly in pickling liquid, add 8% Sodium Pyrosulfite, the sturgeon skin is carried out reduction bleaching handle, after adding Sodium Pyrosulfite, make the sturgeon skin hold over night that is immersed in the pickling liquid.Sodium Pyrosulfite in this reduction bleaching can be substituted by sodium sulfite anhy 96, vat powder or thiourea peroxide.
Chrome tanning: the chrome tanning agent standard chromium powder T125 that finishes back adding 8% in pickling liquid in the reduction bleaching processing; Hold over night is fully permeated chrome tanning agent at normal temperatures earlier; Check that otch becomes evenly blue this moment, dividing after next day pickling liquid being warming up to 35 ℃ least four times to add alkali, to regulate pH be 3.8～4.2, adds 30～50 minutes timed intervals of alkali at every turn; To regulate pickling liquid behind the pH at last and leave standstill the fiber that made in 2～4 hours in chrome tanning agent and the sturgeon skin and accomplish crosslinking reaction, added alkali is sodium bicarbonate.
Dyeing and fat-liquoring: will the sturgeon skin after chrome tanning is handled insert temperature and be in 40～50 ℃ the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, this dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid level is in rotary drum, and moisture 200% in the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, red (Red-R) dyestuff 3% rotated 30 minutes; Add SO synthetic fat liquor 15%, rotate 2～6 hours abundant dyeing and fat-liquorings.
Retanning: in dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, add 0.3% formic acid earlier and left standstill 30～60 minutes; Dyeing and fat-liquoring is fixed; And after regulating pH and being 3.0～4.0, add 3% chromium retanning again, the dark leather of preparation; Rotate 1～4 hour after washing by rotary drum and take out, wash successively again, hang and dry dry and covering with paint.
In the present embodiment, all process steps before the dyeing and fat-liquoring all carries out in paddle-tumble separately, the mechanical effect that need not add, and dyeing and fat-liquoring and retanning operation are then carried out in rotary drum, but rotating speed must be slow, with tamper-proof scale.
In addition, present embodiment can be in the operation of carrying behind the alkali and increasing degreasing before the dyeing and fat-liquoring operation of chrome tanning process, and the degreasing fluid that degreasing is here used is 250% water and 2% grease-removing agent, and the time of concrete degreasing is 1 hour, and temperature is between 30-40 ℃.
Embodiment 3
The chrome tanning process hides production technique of sturgeon skin may further comprise the steps successively in the present embodiment;
Immersion: pending sturgeon skin is immersed in the soak solution, includes water 400% in this soak solution, permeate agent such as JFC3%, grease-removing agent 2%, sterilant such as KL0.1%, yellow soda ash 2.5%, the time of immersion is to spend the night.
Fleshing: the state of the inferior daily inspection sturgeon skin of handling in immersion; The back fleshing fully eases back; Promptly take the mode of artificial fleshing to remove the remaining flesh of fish in sturgeon skin surface; Weigh, in fleshing, will strengthen the fleshing of ridge portion and belly position, limit, come off but should note protecting it simultaneously natural scale is unlikely.
Degreasing: the sturgeon skin after fleshing handled is inserted in the degreasing fluid of temperature between 35～40 ℃, and moisture 400% in this degreasing fluid, grease-removing agent 7%, yellow soda ash 4%, sturgeon skin leave standstill in degreasing fluid after 2～10 hours and carry out discharge opeing, washing.
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Liming: the sturgeon skin after will scraping oil film and handling places the liming liquid of normal temperature, and liming liquid is moisture 400%, auxiliary liming agent 3%, grease-removing agent 3%; Sodium sulfhydrate 1.5%, sodium sulphite 3%, lime powder 6%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in liming liquid, discharge opeing in morning next day, washing, and inspection expansion situation;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Multiple ash: will scrape the multiple lixivium that sturgeon skin after oil film is handled places normal temperature, moisture 300% in the multiple lixivium, auxiliary liming agent 2%; Grease-removing agent 1.5%, Sodium sulfhydrate 1.2%, sodium sulphite 0.5%; Lime powder 6%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in multiple lixivium, discharge opeing in morning next day, washing, and inspection expansion situation;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Deashing and softening: the sturgeon skin that will scrape earlier after oil film is handled places the deashing and softening liquid of normal temperature to leave standstill 2～4 hours; In this deashing and softening liquid moisture 400%; Ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride 4% are 7.5～8.0 leaving standstill the pH that handles back re-adjustment deashing and softening liquid, add zymine 1% then; Let earlier zymine infiltration 1～4 hour at normal temperatures, be warming up to 35～40 ℃ again after to soft and soggyization of sturgeon 30～90 minutes.Pancreatin in this deashing and softening operation is industrial pancreatin, also can use the low temperature softening enzyme.
Oxidation bleaching: in deashing and softening liquid, add ydrogen peroxide 50 the sturgeon skin is carried out the oxidation bleaching processing; The consumption of ydrogen peroxide 50 is 15%; After adding ydrogen peroxide 50, the sturgeon skin that is immersed in the deashing and softening liquid was left standstill 2～4 hours; Sturgeon skin to behind the oxidation bleaching is washed processing, and checks its softening situation, mainly comprises pliability and intensity.Ydrogen peroxide 50 in this oxidation bleaching can be substituted by Peracetic Acid, potassium permanganate, persulphate, perborate or dichromate.
Pickling: the sturgeon skin after oxidation bleaching and the washing is placed pickling liquid, and moisture 150% in the pickling liquid, salt 10%, sturgeon skin permeate in pickling liquid and add 5% formic acid after 10～30 minutes, and the pH that regulates pickling liquid is 2.5～2.8, leaves standstill 60 minutes.
Reduction bleaching: in pickling liquid, carry out reduction bleaching and handle, promptly in pickling liquid, add 15% Sodium Pyrosulfite, the sturgeon skin is carried out reduction bleaching handle, after adding Sodium Pyrosulfite, make the sturgeon skin hold over night that is immersed in the pickling liquid.Sodium Pyrosulfite in this reduction bleaching can be substituted by sodium sulfite anhy 96, vat powder or thiourea peroxide.
Chrome tanning: the chrome tanning agent standard chromium powder T125 that finishes back adding 10% in pickling liquid in the reduction bleaching processing; Hold over night is fully permeated chrome tanning agent at normal temperatures earlier; Check that otch becomes evenly blue this moment, divide after next day pickling liquid being warming up to 35 ℃ to add alkali at least for 4 times to regulate pH be 3.8～4.2, add 30～50 minutes timed intervals of alkali at every turn; To regulate pickling liquid behind the pH at last and leave standstill the fiber that made in 2～4 hours in chrome tanning agent and the sturgeon skin and accomplish crosslinking reaction, added alkali is sodium bicarbonate.
Dyeing and fat-liquoring: will the sturgeon skin after chrome tanning is handled insert temperature and be in 40～50 ℃ the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, moisture 400% in the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, blue dyes 5% rotated 30 minutes, added synthetic fat liquor 18% then, rotated 2～4 hours abundant dyeing and fat-liquorings.
Retanning: in dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, add 0.8% formic acid earlier and left standstill 30～60 minutes; It is fixed that state is carried out in dyeing, and after regulating pH and being 3.0～4.0, add 7% retanning agent Light Extract preparation light color leather again; Rotate 1～4 hour after washing and take out, wash successively again, hang and dry dry and covering with paint.
In the present embodiment, all process steps before the dyeing and fat-liquoring all carries out in paddle-tumble separately, the mechanical effect that need not add, and dyeing and fat-liquoring and retanning operation are then carried out in rotary drum, but rotating speed must be slow, with tamper-proof scale.
Embodiment 4
The chrome tanning process hides production technique of sturgeon skin may further comprise the steps successively in the present embodiment;
Immersion: pending sturgeon skin is immersed in the soak solution, includes water 250% in this soak solution, permeate agent 2%, grease-removing agent 3%, sterilant 0.3%, yellow soda ash 3%, the time of immersion is to spend the night.
Fleshing: the state of the inferior daily inspection sturgeon skin of handling in immersion; The manual fleshing in back fully eases back; Promptly take the mode of artificial fleshing to remove the remaining flesh of fish in sturgeon skin surface; Weigh, in fleshing, will strengthen the fleshing of ridge portion and belly position, limit, come off but should note protecting it simultaneously natural scale is unlikely.
Degreasing: the sturgeon skin after fleshing handled is inserted in the degreasing fluid of temperature between 35～40 ℃, and moisture 300% in this degreasing fluid, grease-removing agent 5%, soda ash 2%, sturgeon skin leave standstill in degreasing fluid after 2～10 hours and carry out discharge opeing, washing.
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Liming: the sturgeon skin after will scraping oil film and handling places the liming liquid of normal temperature, and liming liquid is moisture 300%, auxiliary liming agent 2%, grease-removing agent 1.5%; Sodium sulfhydrate 0.8%, sodium sulphite 2%, lime powder 3%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in liming liquid, discharge opeing in morning next day, washing, and inspection expansion situation;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Multiple ash: will scrape the multiple lixivium that sturgeon skin after oil film is handled places normal temperature, moisture 250% in the multiple lixivium, auxiliary liming agent 1.5%; Grease-removing agent 1.8%, Sodium sulfhydrate 1%, sodium sulphite 0.4%; Lime powder 5%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in multiple lixivium, discharge opeing in morning next day, washing, and inspection expansion situation;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin after will washing is scraped oil film and is handled, and promptly scrapes off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded, and promotes the infiltration of subsequent handling material therefor.
Deashing and softening: the sturgeon skin that will scrape earlier after oil film is handled places the deashing and softening liquid of normal temperature to leave standstill 2～4 hours; In this deashing and softening liquid moisture 250%; Ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride 3% are 7.5～8.0 leaving standstill the pH that handles back re-adjustment deashing and softening liquid, add zymine 0.5% then; Let earlier zymine infiltration 1～4 hour at normal temperatures, be warming up to 35～40 ℃ again after to soft and soggyization of sturgeon 30～90 minutes.Pancreatin in this deashing and softening operation is industrial pancreatin, also can the low temperature softening enzyme.
Oxidation bleaching: in deashing and softening liquid, add ydrogen peroxide 50 the sturgeon skin is carried out the oxidation bleaching processing; The consumption of ydrogen peroxide 50 is 5%; After adding ydrogen peroxide 50, the sturgeon skin that is immersed in the deashing and softening liquid was left standstill 2～4 hours; Sturgeon skin to behind the oxidation bleaching is washed processing, and checks its softening situation, mainly comprises pliability and intensity.Ydrogen peroxide 50 in this oxidation bleaching can be substituted by Peracetic Acid, potassium permanganate, persulphate, perborate or dichromate.
Pickling: the sturgeon skin after oxidation bleaching and the washing is placed pickling liquid, and moisture 120% in the pickling liquid, salt 5%, sturgeon skin permeate in pickling liquid and add 4% formic acid after 10～30 minutes, and the pH that regulates pickling liquid is 2.5～2.8, leaves standstill 60 minutes.
Reduction bleaching: in pickling liquid, carry out reduction bleaching and handle, promptly in pickling liquid, add 5% Sodium Pyrosulfite, the sturgeon skin is carried out reduction bleaching handle, after adding Sodium Pyrosulfite, make the sturgeon skin hold over night that is immersed in the pickling liquid.Sodium Pyrosulfite in this reduction bleaching can be substituted by sodium sulfite anhy 96, vat powder or thiourea peroxide.
Chrome tanning: the chrome tanning agent standard chromium powder T125 that finishes back adding 9% in pickling liquid in the reduction bleaching processing; Hold over night is fully permeated chrome tanning agent at normal temperatures earlier; Check that otch becomes evenly blue this moment, divide after next day pickling liquid being warming up to 35 ℃ to add alkali at least for 4 times to regulate pH be 3.8～4.2, add 30～50 minutes timed intervals of alkali at every turn; To regulate pickling liquid behind the pH at last and leave standstill the fiber that made in 2～4 hours in chrome tanning agent and the sturgeon skin and accomplish crosslinking reaction, added alkali is sodium bicarbonate.
Dyeing and fat-liquoring: will the sturgeon skin after chrome tanning is handled insert temperature and be in 40～50 ℃ the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, moisture 300% in the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, green colouring material 3% rotated 30 minutes, and fatting agent 20% then, rotates 2～6 hours abundant dyeing and fat-liquorings; The interpolation of fatting agent can select for use multiple fatting agent to add several times in this dyeing and fat-liquoring operation, strengthens the stuffing effect.
Retanning: in dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid, add 0.5% formic acid earlier and left standstill 30～60 minutes; It is fixing to dye, and after regulating pH and being 3.0～4.0, adds 6% retanning agent aluminium tannin preparation light color leather again; Rotate 1～4 hour after washing and take out, wash successively again, hang and dry dry and covering with paint.
In the present embodiment, all process steps before the dyeing and fat-liquoring all carries out in paddle-tumble separately, the mechanical effect that need not add, and dyeing and fat-liquoring and retanning operation are then carried out in rotary drum, but rotating speed must be slow, with tamper-proof scale.
Claims (11)
1. the chrome tanning process hides production technique of a sturgeon skin; Include following step: oil film → multiple ash → blowing oil film → deashing and softening → oxidation bleaching → pickling → reduction bleaching → chrome tanning → dyeing and fat-liquoring → retanning → washing → extension dries dry → covering with paint for immersion → manual fleshing → degreasing → scrape oil film → liming → scrape; Below percentage composition in each operation all the weight of sturgeon skin is benchmark before this operation to operate; Be weight percent, wherein:
Immersion: pending sturgeon skin is immersed in the soak solution, comprises water 200%～400%, permeate agent 1%～5%, sterilant 0.1%～0.5% and yellow soda ash 1%～3% in this soak solution, the time of immersion is for spending the night;
Manual fleshing: after immersion eases back, take the mode of artificial fleshing to remove the remaining flesh of fish in sturgeon skin surface;
Degreasing: the sturgeon skin after the fleshing processing is inserted in the degreasing fluid of temperature between 35～40 ℃; Comprise water 200%～400%, grease-removing agent 2%～7%, yellow soda ash 1%～4% in this degreasing fluid, the sturgeon skin left standstill in said degreasing fluid after 2～10 hours to be washed;
Scrape oil film: the sturgeon skin that carries out respectively after degreasing, liming, multiple ash are handled is scraped off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, the interior grease of intracutaneous and scale is scraped extruded;
Liming: the sturgeon skin after will scraping oil film and handling places the liming liquid of normal temperature; Moisture 200%～400% in this liming liquid, auxiliary liming agent 1%～4%, grease-removing agent 1%～3%, Sodium sulfhydrate 0.5%～1.5%, sodium sulphite 1%～3%, lime 2%～6%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in liming liquid, discharge opeing washing in morning next day;
Multiple ash: will scrape the multiple lixivium that sturgeon skin after oil film is handled places normal temperature, moisture 150%～300% in this multiple lixivium, auxiliary liming agent 1%～3%; Grease-removing agent 1%～2%; Sodium sulfhydrate 0.4%～1.2%, sodium sulphite 0.1%～0.5%, lime 2%～6%; The sturgeon skin is hold over night in multiple lixivium, discharge opeing washing in morning next day;
Deashing and softening: the sturgeon skin that will scrape earlier after oil film is handled places the deashing and softening liquid of normal temperature to leave standstill 2～4 hours; In this deashing and softening liquid moisture 200%～400%; Ammonium salt 1%～4% is 7.5～8.0 leaving standstill the pH that handles back re-adjustment deashing and softening liquid, adds zymin 0.1%～1.0% then; Let earlier zymin infiltration 1～4 hour at normal temperatures, be warming up to 35～40 ℃ again after to soft and soggyization of sturgeon 30～90 minutes;
Oxidation bleaching: in deashing and softening liquid, add oxygenant the sturgeon skin is carried out the oxidation bleaching processing, the consumption of oxygenant is 2%～15%, after adding oxygenant, the sturgeon skin that is immersed in the deashing and softening liquid is left standstill 2～4 hours;
Pickling: the sturgeon skin behind the oxidation bleaching is placed pickling liquid, and moisture 80%～150% in the pickling liquid, neutral salt 4%～10%, sturgeon skin permeate in pickling liquid and add 2%～5% acid after 10～30 minutes, and the pH that regulates pickling liquid is 2.5～3.0;
Reduction bleaching: in pickling liquid, add reductive agent the sturgeon skin is carried out the reduction bleaching processing, the consumption of reductive agent is 2%～15%, after adding reductive agent, makes the sturgeon skin hold over night that is immersed in the pickling liquid;
Chrome tanning: the reduction bleaching processing finishes the back and in pickling liquid, adds chrome tanning agent; The consumption of chrome tanning agent is 6%～10%; Earlier hold over night is fully permeated chrome tanning agent at normal temperatures, checks that otch becomes evenly blue this moment, divides after next day pickling liquid being warming up to 35 ℃ to add alkali at least for 4 times to regulate pH be 3.8～4.2; The timed interval that at every turn adds alkali was at least 30～50 minutes, will regulate pickling liquid behind the pH at last and leave standstill the fiber that made in 2～4 hours in chrome tanning agent and the sturgeon skin and accomplish crosslinking reaction;
Dyeing and fat-liquoring: will the sturgeon skin after chrome tanning is handled insert temperature and be in 40～50 ℃ the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid; In the dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid moisture 200%～400%; Dyestuff 2%～5%; Fatting agent 15%～25% rotated 10～30 minutes after wherein adding dyestuff, added fatting agent then and rotated and made its abundant dyeing and fat-liquoring in 2～8 hours;
Retanning: the abundant back of dyeing adds acid earlier in dyeing and fat-liquoring liquid left standstill 30～60 minutes, after adjusting pH is 3.0～4.0, added 3%～7% retanning agent, rotated after washing taking-up in 1～4 hour and washed successively, hangs and dry dry and covering with paint.
2. sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ammonium salt in the said deashing and softening liquid is inorganic acid ammonium salt or organic acid ammonium salt.
3. sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: said inorganic acid ammonium salt is ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride, said organic acid ammonium salt is ammonium formate or ammonium acetate.
4. sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: used enzyme preparation is industrial pancreatin or low temperature softening enzyme in the operation of said deashing and softening.
5. sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: used oxygenant is ydrogen peroxide 50, Peracetic Acid, potassium permanganate, persulphate, perborate or dichromate in the operation of said oxidation bleaching, and used reductive agent is sodium sulfite anhy 96, Sodium Pyrosulfite, vat powder or thiourea peroxide in the operation of said reduction bleaching.
6. sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: will the scale inboard of the ridge portion of said sturgeon be scratched with cutter in the operation of said fleshing, the grease of sturgeon intracutaneous is oozed out fully.
7. sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: add 1%～5% permeate agent in each operation of said degreasing, dyeing and fat-liquoring and retanning respectively.
8. like claim 1 or 5 described sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique, it is characterized in that: the interpolation of fatting agent is added several times in the operation of said dyeing and fat-liquoring.
9. sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the acid that in the operation of said retanning, adds is the formic acid of 0.1-0.8%; The retanning agent that adds is 3%～6% aluminium tannin, Light Extract retanning agent or chromium retanning; The light color leather can be prepared when adding aluminium tannin or Light Extract retanning agent, dark leather can be prepared when adding the chromium retanning.
10. sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the operation of said immersion, degreasing, liming, multiple ash, deashing and softening, oxidation bleaching, pickling, reduction bleaching and chrome tanning is all carried out in paddle-tumble separately, and the operation of said dyeing and fat-liquoring and retanning is carried out in the rotary drum of slow rotation.
11. sturgeon skin chrome tanning process hides production technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the operation of said covering with paint comprises spray-painting → back cover → primary coat → top light → spray feel.
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| CN103215392A (en) * | 2013-05-04 | 2013-07-24 | 西南大学 | Ultrasonic emulsifying degreasing method for animal skin |
| CN103436643B (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2015-06-24 | 武汉工程大学 | Environment-friendly leather-producing process by using sturgeon skins |
| CN106755625A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 张壮斗 | The technology of skin is done using waste liquid |
| CN103924460B (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2016-08-24 | 湖南省怀其皮革集团制革有限公司 | A kind of method of dye on the anionic dye that two layers of organic tan leather produce |
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| CN109576411B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-07-23 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Sturgeon leather degreasing method |
| CN109576410B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-07-16 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Processing method of Russian sturgeon skin leather |
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| CN109576408B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-07-23 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Leather processing method for acipenser schrencki and hybrid acipenser schrencki |
| CN109576409B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-07-23 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Method for making glittering sturgeon skin leather |
| CN109576407B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-07-30 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Preparation method of huso dauricus sturgeon skin luggage leather |
| CN110656209B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-01-19 | 四川大学 | Method for making leather from sturgeon skin |
| CN112493291A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-16 | 山东海奥斯生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method of imitated natural casing collagen |
| DK181171B1 (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2023-03-22 | Ecco Sko As | A process of tanning animal hides |
| CN116516079B (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-05-10 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for preparing blue wet leather by using puffer fish skin to preserve scales |
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