CN104593527B - Crocodile belly leather processing method - Google Patents
Crocodile belly leather processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104593527B CN104593527B CN201510042823.5A CN201510042823A CN104593527B CN 104593527 B CN104593527 B CN 104593527B CN 201510042823 A CN201510042823 A CN 201510042823A CN 104593527 B CN104593527 B CN 104593527B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/04—Soaking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
- C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
- C14B1/02—Fleshing, unhairing, samming, stretching-out, setting-out, shaving, splitting, or skiving skins, hides, or leather
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
- C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
- C14B1/58—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/08—Deliming; Bating; Pickling; Degreasing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/08—Chemical tanning by organic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/28—Multi-step processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C5/00—Degreasing leather
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
- C14C9/02—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes using fatty or oily materials, e.g. fat liquoring
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
- D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
- D06P3/32—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups leather skins
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to crocodile belly leather processing method.Have in existing crocodile skin tanning technology that fat removes difficulty, dermatotome and bone first are difficult to soften, scale and shell is difficult to removals, the flat thin empty pine of bleaching decolourization poor effect, finished leather, extension dry in the air the problems such as method is improper.The present invention uses immersion → fleshing → scrape oil film → degreasing, pre-liming → scrape oil film → aldehyde pre-tanning → scrape oil film → liming → scrape oil film → brush squama → deliming → scrape oil film → united bleaching → soften → scrape oil film → united bleaching → degreasing → softening first bone, bleaching → pickling, the technique that softening → tanning → shaving → degreasing → neutralization → retanning → stuffing → buffing → dry-cleaning → dyeing → extension dries in the air → covers with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc., provide the processing technology of Nile crocodile belly raw material skin, crocodile skin is soft, plentiful, high resilience, maintain complete crocodile skin decorative pattern, dark leather can not only be processed into, light color leather and white leather can also be processed, finished leather can be used for processing and fabricating luggage leather, footwear are removed from office, Watch combined with leather belt belt leather etc., there is the highest market value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to extraordinary leather processing technique field, be specifically related to a kind of crocodile belly leather processing method.
Background technology
In recent years, the consumption of the medium-to-high grade real leather products of China becomes world's new highlight, and foreign brand name enters China one after another, seizes market.Crocodile skin goods, as the bellwether of top grade leather goods circle, are pursued by each side especially.But, China, no matter in terms of the cultivation or crocodile skin goods brand building of crocodile, all starts late, and popularity, reputation are low, and market does not also have a collection of generally acknowledged brand at home, and this grasps the tanning technology of maturation in the urgent need to us, set up independent brand.In the actual production process of crocodile skin, also have many technological difficulties Gonna breakthroughs, simultaneously must " see that skin does skin ", according to the technique that the difference formulations such as the size of crocodile skin, thickness are different, especially liming, bleach, soften, tanning, retanning, in the important procedure such as dry-cleaning.
Existing reported crocodile skin tanning technology is little, the rarely one-tenth maturity processing technique that can be used for actual production of independent development, which greatly limits growth and the development of China's special-leather processing.Crocodile cultivation and the data of literatures of crocodile skin process hides, patent etc. are also little, and it is the most detailed that only data process whole to process hides is explained, and a lot of operations there is also a lot of defect.Such as, some articles describe the whole wet process of crocodile skin, some explanations have been done in terms of institutional framework, mechanism, liming alkali, tanning, ornamenting etc., but concrete operations are the processing technology continuing to use ox-hide, pigskin, sheepskin a bit, innovative, exploitativeness is poor, it is difficult to be used for mass producing.Some patents also describe the method for leather-making of some novelties, such as enzyme process and remove scale, organic phosphine chrome-free tanning leather etc., and the author thinks that these all exist certain defect.The application parameter of enzyme is difficult to control, complicated component, and the damage to hide fiber is big, and rarely has major company to develop some extraordinary enzymes, relatively costly；Organic phosphine chrome-free tanning finished leather shrinkage temperature is the lowest, and Free-formaldehyde in Leather content overproof.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of crocodile belly leather processing method that can be used for actual batch production, difficulty, dermatotome and bone first are difficult to soften, bone first is connected the problems such as loose, the scale and shell method that is difficult to that removals, the flat thin sky of bleaching decolourization poor effect, finished leather be loose, extension dries in the air is improper with dermatotome to overcome in crocodile skin process hides process fat to remove.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Crocodile belly leather processing method, it is characterised in that:
Comprise the following steps:
Immersion → fleshing → blow oil film → degreasing, pre-liming → blow oil film → aldehyde pre-tanning → blow oil film → liming → blow oil film → brush squama → deliming → blow oil film → united bleaching → soften → blow oil film → united bleaching → degreasing → softening first bone, bleaching → pickling, softening → tanning → shaving → degreasing → neutralization → retanning → stuffing → buffing → dry-cleaning → dyeing → extension dry in the air → cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.；
In each operation, the consumption of chemical materials is on the basis of crocodile skin quality；
Concrete process is as follows:
Soaking process: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, temperature is 20～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%～6%, and bactericide consumption is 0.3%～1%, and Soaking consumption is 1%～4%, and wetting agent consumption is 0.3%～3%, washes after standing 12～24h；
Fleshing operation: take handle type fleshing machine fleshing, extruding to rotate after immersion, regulate fleshing intensity according to position difference appropriateness；
Degreasing, preimpregnation ash process: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, and temperature is 30～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%～6%, and bactericide consumption is 0.3%～1%, and bleeding agent consumption is 1%～3%；Being simultaneously introduced the pre-liming of akali sulphide, consumption is 0.5%～3%, washes after standing 12～24h；
Frizing membrane process: scrape off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, brush, destroys intracutaneous adipocyte and scrapes extrusion grease；
Aldehyde pre-tanning operation: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, temperature is normal temperature, and aldehyde consumption is 0.5%～5%, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～4%, washes after standing 2～5h；
Liming operation: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%～6%, and auxiliary liming agent consumption is 1%～3%, stands 30～60min；Add pulverized limestone 6%～8%, bleeding agent 1%～3%, stand 30～60min；Add NaHS 1%～3%, vulcanized sodium 3%～8%, discharge opeing washing after standing 40～80h；
Brush squama operation: crocodile skin fold is more, uses medium hardness hairbrush, brushes off the scale that edge does not falls off；
Deliming operation: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, stands 1.5～4h, and temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～3%, bleeding agent consumption is 0.5%～2%, and deliming auxiliary dosage is 0.5%～2%, and ammonium sulfate consumption is 3%～8%, standing 10～30h, regulation pH is 7.5～8.0, washes after completing；
United bleaching operation: using oxidation bleaching and the united mode of reducing bleach to strengthen bleaching effect, liquor ratio is 150%～500%；
During oxidation bleaching, adding oxidant, consumption is 10%～40%, adds at twice, is spaced 4～10h, fully washes；
During reducing bleach, adding reducing agent, consumption is 1%～5%, washes after standing 2～10h；
Softening process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, temperature is 35～40 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～5%, soda ash consumption is 0.3%～2%, and pancreatin consumption is 1%～3%, allows enzyme permeate 2～8h at normal temperatures, it is warming up to 35～40 DEG C again, softens 2～8h, wash after standing overnight；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, temperature is 30～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～5%, and soda ash consumption is 0.3%～2%, and bleeding agent consumption is 1%～3%, washes after standing 4～10h；
Soften first bone, bleaching process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, salt consumption is 15%～40%, infiltration 10～30min, degreasing agent consumption is 1%～5%, and the consumption of acid is 0.5%～3%, and sodium hypochlorite consumption is 1%～5%, niter cake consumption is 2%～5%, reducing agent consumption is 0.5%～4%, every acid, sodium hypochlorite, niter cake and reducing agent adding 0.5%～3% in two days, changes liquid washing after standing 4～12 days；
Pickling, softening process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, salt consumption is 15%～30%, permeates 10～30min, and the consumption of acid is 0.1%～3%, and regulation pH is 2.2～3.0, and macerating enzyme consumption is 0.5%～3%, stands 20～30h；
Tanning processes: carry out in pickling liquid, liquor ratio is 100%～200%, and formic acid consumption is 0.5%～3%, and regulation pH is 2.2～2.8, stands 30min, and chromium powder consumption is 5%～10%, stands 10～24h, and masking agent consumption is 1%～3%, turns and stops combining 20～40h；Temperature is adjusted to 35～40 DEG C, and adding alkali regulation pH by several times is 3.8～4.0, every minor tick 4～6h, and total time is 20～48h, stands overnight, and goes out drum and takes horse 20～24h；
Shaving operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, weighs after shaving；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 100%～300%, temperature is 30～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～6%, washes after standing 10～24h；
Neutralization step: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 35～40 DEG C, and nertralizer consumption is 2%～6%, and alkali consumption is 0.5%～3%, and regulation pH is 5.5～6.5 by several times, stands 10～20h, changes liquid washing；
Retanning procedures: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 35～40 DEG C, and retanning agent consumption is 3%～6%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 1%～4%, and tannin extract consumption is 3%～8%, turns and stops combining 10～24h, washes 30min；
Stuffing operation: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 40～50 DEG C, and dispersant dosage is 1%～3%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 5%～10%, and animal fatting agent consumption is 5%～10%, turns and stops combining 10～24h, washes 30min；
Buffing operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, uses monkey buffing machine to carry out fluffing；
Dry-cleaning operation: using tetrachloro-ethylene, D-60 petroleum solvent as dry cleaning agent, dry-clean 10～30min, dry 10～30min, dry；
Dyeing process: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 40～50 DEG C, and dye dosage is 1%～5%, turns and stops combining 10～30h, check otch, add 0.5% after even dyeing～the formic acid of 1.5%, add by several times, every minor tick 30min, adjusting pH is 3.5～4.0, fix 2～6h, wash 30min, stand 10～24 hours；
Extension dries in the air operation: uses stapler needle-like finishing nail to carry out nail-plate and is dried, first fixes dermatotome belly by means of nail-plate special vice, then fix initial and tail sections, make skin be fully extended.
Adding the bleeding agent of 1%～5% in degreasing, retanning and stuffing operation, Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent.
In soaking process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Soaking selects Tergolix W-01-ID；
DESOAGEN WT-H selected by wetting agent；
In degreasing, preimpregnation ash process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Akali sulphide selects vulcanized sodium, NaHS；
In aldehyde pre-tanning operation:
Aldehyde selects glutaraldehyde；
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
In liming operation:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Auxiliary liming agent selects ERHAVIT MB；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
In deliming operation:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Deliming selection of auxiliary CISMOLLAN BH-C；
In united bleaching operation:
Hydrogen peroxide selected by oxidant；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In softening process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Pancreatin selects OROPON OO；
In degreasing process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Soften in first bone, bleaching process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Acid formic acid；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In pickling, softening process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Acid formic acid；
Macerating enzyme selects DESOBATE TN；
In tanning processes:
Turkey's strength mountain tank soft AB chromium powder selected by chromium powder；
Masking agent selects DESOAGEN KP；
In degreasing process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
In neutralization step:
DESOTAN NT or SELLASOL NG selected by nertralizer；
Alkali formic acid sodium, sodium acid carbonate；
In retanning procedures:
Retanning agent selects Tanigan HO；
Synthetic fat liquor selects power thickness GLH or Desopon
LQ-5；
In stuffing operation:
Dispersant selects BORPON SAF, Desoagen SHN；
Synthetic fat liquor selects power thickness GLH or Desopon
LQ-5；
Animal fatting agent selects Desopon QL or CORIPOL MK.
The invention have the advantages that
Processing technology provided by the present invention, uses handle type fleshing machine fleshing, repeatedly scrapes oil film and realize thorough degreasing progressively；Use aldehyde pre-tanning to strengthen the connection of dermatotome and bone first, prevent both from separating in following process；Use pre-liming and be removed scale with liming two-step method, scale layer can be removed completely；Increase and soften first bone operation, the first bone that softening leg, belly are harder；Use three step bleachings first, can be by skin full bleaching to white；Add syntans, tannin extract during retanning, solve the problems such as the flat thin empty pine of finished leather；After stuffing, add buffing and dry-cleaning operation first, accurately adjust thickness and fat content；Extension carries out nail-plate with finishing nail during drying in the air and is dried, and can make that skin is smooth, corner is lost less, improve yield of leather.
The crocodile skin that this technique produces is soft, plentiful, high resilience, maintains complete crocodile skin decorative pattern, and shrinkage temperature, physical and mechanical properties etc. are fully achieved every international standard；Dark leather can not only be processed into, it is also possible to processing light color leather and white leather, applied range.Finished leather can be used for processing and fabricating luggage leather, footwear leather, Watch combined with leather belt belt leather etc., has the highest market value and practical value.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention in fleshing shaving, liming, softening first bone, bleaching, tanning, dry-clean, hang in the operation such as dry in the air and obtain great technological break-through, explore a set of leather-making technology that may be used for Nile crocodile belly raw material skin actual production.
Fleshing operation can remove the unnecessary meat mincing of flesh noodles, fat, and the quality of fleshing is directly connected to the success or failure of follow-up operations.The present invention uses handle type fleshing machine fleshing, wherein also has the big small blade that can replace on handle, for difference is opened the crocodile skin fleshing of width, ensures fleshing effect while improving efficiency, and will not cut and wear dermatotome and cavity occur.For the leg that this fold is many, concentration small blade is needed to carry out fleshing.Remove the unnecessary meat mincing of flesh noodles, oil film during fleshing from inside to outside, and follow-up degreasing effect can be strengthened by extruding turning effort.Shaving operation is carried out after tanning carries alkali, uses the shaving machine of fur, can accurately adjust Hide thickness according to different parts.
Liming operation can make raw material materials with hide glue fibril structure and collagen that suitable change occurs, collagen fiber structure is made to obtain loose, remove interfibrillar substance further and can further remove hair and epidermis with saponification grease simultaneously, create necessary condition for tanning and successor operation.Crocodile skin fiber very consolidation, dermatotome is the thickest, so strength disposal should relatively traditional handicraft strengthen in process.Crocodile skin is coated with one layer of thicker coloured scale layer, if do not removed, during post-production, scale layer has partial exfoliation, and color also can change, have a strong impact on resultant leather quality, so scale layer should be removed by chemical material during liming.After removing out scale layer, dermatotome color can shoal a lot, and bleaching, softening through the later stage i.e. can reach pure the whitest degree, meet process hides demand.
Bleaching is the difficult point of crocodile skin process hides, after scale is removed in liming, still with pigment on dermatotome, does not remove and also can affect follow-up dyeing etc..Invention utilizes three step bleachings work in coordination with softening process to bleach, dermatotome can be made to reach pure the whitest degree, be no matter make white leather or light color leather, dark leather is all extraordinary raw material.
Chrome tanning is to be most widely used in the world at present and the most excellent method of tanning effect, alkali formula chromic salt is combined very firm with collagen, thus gives the plurality of advantages such as chrome leather wet-heat resisting, good stability, soft and full, good moldability, shelf-stable, unsuitable detanning.Crocodile skin dermatotome is thicker, and fiber is relatively thick, and other tanning agents existing exist that infiltration is relatively difficult to be combined firm not, physical and mechanical properties and do not reach the features such as luggage leather requirement with collagen.And chrome leather can overcome above difficulty, shrinkage temperature (Ts) can reach more than 95 DEG C even boiling resistances completely, this is that other tanning agents do not reach completely.
The grease that dry-cleaning operation is unnecessary after can effectively removing stuffing, Precise Control of Oil fat content, it is ensured that the quantity of active group in leather, it is ensured that higher dye-uptake, avoid irregular colour one during polishing simultaneously；Can also thoroughly clean surface, ready for follow-up covering with paint.
A kind of crocodile belly leather processing method of involved in the present invention pair, specifically includes following steps:
Immersion → fleshing → blow oil film → degreasing, pre-liming → blow oil film → aldehyde pre-tanning → blow oil film → liming → blow oil film → brush squama → deliming → blow oil film → united bleaching → soften → blow oil film → united bleaching → degreasing → softening first bone, bleaching → pickling, softening → tanning → shaving → degreasing → neutralization → retanning → stuffing → buffing → dry-cleaning → dyeing → extension dry in the air → cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.；
In each operation, the consumption of chemical materials is on the basis of crocodile skin quality；
Concrete process is as follows:
Soaking process: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, temperature is 20～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%～6%, and bactericide consumption is 0.3%～1%, and Soaking consumption is 1%～4%, and wetting agent consumption is 0.3%～3%, washes after standing 12～24h；
Fleshing operation: take handle type fleshing machine fleshing, extruding to rotate after immersion, regulate fleshing intensity according to position difference appropriateness；
Degreasing, preimpregnation ash process: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, and temperature is 30～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%～6%, and bactericide consumption is 0.3%～1%, and bleeding agent consumption is 1%～3%；Being simultaneously introduced the pre-liming of akali sulphide, consumption is 0.5%～3%, washes after standing 12～24h；
Frizing membrane process: scrape off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, brush, destroys intracutaneous adipocyte and scrapes extrusion grease；
Aldehyde pre-tanning operation: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, temperature is normal temperature, and aldehyde consumption is 0.5%～5%, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～4%, washes after standing 2～5h；
Liming operation: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%～6%, and auxiliary liming agent consumption is 1%～3%, stands 30～60min；Add pulverized limestone 6%～8%, bleeding agent 1%～3%, stand 30～60min；Add NaHS 1%～3%, vulcanized sodium 3%～8%, discharge opeing washing after standing 40～80h；
Brush squama operation: crocodile skin fold is more, uses medium hardness hairbrush, brushes off the scale that edge does not falls off；
Deliming operation: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, stands 1.5～4h, and temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～3%, bleeding agent consumption is 0.5%～2%, and deliming auxiliary dosage is 0.5%～2%, and ammonium sulfate consumption is 3%～8%, standing 10～30h, regulation pH is 7.5～8.0, washes after completing；
United bleaching operation: using oxidation bleaching and the united mode of reducing bleach to strengthen bleaching effect, liquor ratio is 150%～500%；
During oxidation bleaching, adding oxidant, consumption is 10%～40%, adds at twice, is spaced 4～10h, fully washes；
During reducing bleach, adding reducing agent, consumption is 1%～5%, washes after standing 2～10h；
Softening process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, temperature is 35～40 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～5%, soda ash consumption is 0.3%～2%, and pancreatin consumption is 1%～3%, allows enzyme permeate 2～8h at normal temperatures, it is warming up to 35～40 DEG C again, softens 2～8h, wash after standing overnight；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, temperature is 30～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～5%, and soda ash consumption is 0.3%～2%, and bleeding agent consumption is 1%～3%, washes after standing 4～10h；
Soften first bone, bleaching process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, salt consumption is 15%～40%, infiltration 10～30min, degreasing agent consumption is 1%～5%, and the consumption of acid is 0.5%～3%, and sodium hypochlorite consumption is 1%～5%, niter cake consumption is 2%～5%, reducing agent consumption is 0.5%～4%, every acid, sodium hypochlorite, niter cake and reducing agent adding 0.5%～3% in two days, changes liquid washing after standing 4～12 days；
Pickling, softening process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, salt consumption is 15%～30%, permeates 10～30min, and the consumption of acid is 0.1%～3%, and regulation pH is 2.2～3.0, and macerating enzyme consumption is 0.5%～3%, stands 20～30h；
Tanning processes: carry out in pickling liquid, liquor ratio is 100%～200%, and formic acid consumption is 0.5%～3%, and regulation pH is 2.2～2.8, stands 30min, and chromium powder consumption is 5%～10%, stands 10～24h, and masking agent consumption is 1%～3%, turns and stops combining 20～40h；Temperature is adjusted to 35～40 DEG C, and adding alkali regulation pH by several times is 3.8～4.0, every minor tick 4～6h, and total time is 20～48h, stands overnight, and goes out drum and takes horse 20～24h；
Shaving operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, weighs after shaving；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 100%～300%, temperature is 30～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～6%, washes after standing 10～24h；
Neutralization step: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 35～40 DEG C, and nertralizer consumption is 2%～6%, and alkali consumption is 0.5%～3%, and regulation pH is 5.5～6.5 by several times, stands 10～20h, changes liquid washing；
Retanning procedures: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 35～40 DEG C, and retanning agent consumption is 3%～6%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 1%～4%, and tannin extract consumption is 3%～8%, turns and stops combining 10～24h, washes 30min；
Stuffing operation: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 40～50 DEG C, and dispersant dosage is 1%～3%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 5%～10%, and animal fatting agent consumption is 5%～10%, turns and stops combining 10～24h, washes 30min；
Buffing operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, uses monkey buffing machine to carry out fluffing；
Dry-cleaning operation: using tetrachloro-ethylene, D-60 petroleum solvent as dry cleaning agent, dry-clean 10～30min, dry 10～30min, dry；
Dyeing process: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 40～50 DEG C, and dye dosage is 1%～5%, turns and stops combining 10～30h, check otch, add 0.5% after even dyeing～the formic acid of 1.5%, add by several times, every minor tick 30min, adjusting pH is 3.5～4.0, fix 2～6h, wash 30min, stand 10～24 hours；
Extension dries in the air operation: uses stapler needle-like finishing nail to carry out nail-plate and is dried, first fixes dermatotome belly by means of nail-plate special vice, then fix initial and tail sections, make skin be fully extended.
In above-mentioned operation, also can add the bleeding agent of 1%～5% in degreasing, retanning and stuffing operation, Becaltal selected by bleeding agent
Pic S。
In soaking process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Soaking selects Tergolix W-01-ID；
DESOAGEN WT-H selected by wetting agent；
In degreasing, preimpregnation ash process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Akali sulphide selects vulcanized sodium, NaHS；
In aldehyde pre-tanning operation:
Aldehyde selects glutaraldehyde；
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
In liming operation:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Auxiliary liming agent selects ERHAVIT MB；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
In deliming operation:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Deliming selection of auxiliary CISMOLLAN BH-C；
In united bleaching operation:
Hydrogen peroxide selected by oxidant；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In softening process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Pancreatin selects OROPON OO；
In degreasing process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Soften in first bone, bleaching process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Acid formic acid；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In pickling, softening process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Acid formic acid；
Macerating enzyme selects DESOBATE TN；
In tanning processes:
Turkey's strength mountain tank soft AB chromium powder selected by chromium powder；
Masking agent selects DESOAGEN KP；
In degreasing process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
In neutralization step:
DESOTAN NT or SELLASOL NG selected by nertralizer；
Alkali formic acid sodium, sodium acid carbonate；
In retanning procedures:
Retanning agent selects Tanigan HO；
Synthetic fat liquor selects power thickness GLH or Desopon
LQ-5；
In stuffing operation:
Dispersant selects BORPON SAF, Desoagen SHN；
Synthetic fat liquor selects power thickness GLH or Desopon
LQ-5；
Animal fatting agent selects Desopon QL or CORIPOL MK.
The procedure of processing of the present invention has a following distinguishing feature:
(1), in soaking process, addition Soaking, degreasing agent, bactericide, wetting agent are rapidly completed immersion.
(2) use handle type fleshing machine to remove the meat mincing that flesh noodles is unnecessary from inside to outside, and strengthen degreasing effect by extruding turning effort.
(3), during degreasing, pre-liming, skimming processes is simultaneously introduced akali sulphide and carries out pre-liming.Remove outside the main degreasing after meat, subsequent step repeatedly adds different types of degreasing agent, the method using repeatedly substep degreasing；And oil film, fleshing, the operation of shovel flesh noodles are scraped in addition after multiple working procedure, strengthen removing grease effect.
(4) during aldehyde pre-tanning, aldehyde consumption is 0.5%～5%, can strengthen the connection of dermatotome and bone first, prevents both in following process because mechanism separates, but also there is the effect of antisepsis and sterilization.
(5) in liming operation, it is initially charged the auxiliary liming agent of amount of calculation, degreasing agent, is subsequently adding pulverized limestone, be eventually adding akali sulphide, complete expansion process after a period of time, and remove scale layer completely.
(6) during deliming, it is initially charged degreasing agent, bleeding agent, adds ammonium salt and deliming auxiliary agent.
(7), in bleaching process, oxidant used needs to add, and can not dye dermatotome secondary by several times.Reducing agent used need to not interfere with the smell of crocodile skin, can effectively stop trivalent chromium to be oxidized to Cr VI simultaneously.
(8) take the production technology first bleaching after-tack, after bleaching process terminates washing, regulate pH to 8～8.5 with soda ash, be subsequently adding degreasing agent, enzyme preparation.
(9) technique that have employed degreasing again after softening, in softening process, enzyme preparation can destroy adipocyte, again carries out degreasing and can more thoroughly remove grease.
(10) have employed softening first bone, the technique of bleaching, and process carries out bleaching for the third time by bleaching powder.The first bone that softening first bone can make leg, belly, afterbody harder obtains a certain degree of softening, and loose dermatotome fiber, moreover it is possible to make dermatotome keep pure white.Adding reducing agent in operation, prevention trivalent chromium oxidation is Cr VI, and described reducing agent can be sodium pyrosulfite, sodium hydrosulfite, thiourea dioxide etc..
(11) have employed pickling and carry out the technique of enzyme bating simultaneously, utilize the effect of enzyme to soften dermatotome further.
(12) have employed the long-time chrome tanning process permeating, slowly carrying alkali, chromium powder can be allowed by masking agent fully to permeate uniformly, later stage slowly carries alkali can make chromium ion progressively be firmly combined with dermatotome, will not produce the raw heart, the problem that the tradition chrome tanning such as tan brings is crossed on surface.
(13), in shaving operation, use fur shaving machine to carry out shaving, can accurately adjust Hide thickness, not injure crocodile skin grain and first bone parts, meet the demand of finished leather.
(14) have employed the processing technology of degreasing after chrome tanning, by adding a certain amount of degreasing agent, thoroughly remove the grease of fiber surface, ready for the most crucial neutralization, retanning filling work procedure.
(15), in N-process, add and there is buffering, the nertralizer of gentle retanning effect, have buffering and masking effect, improve dyeing infiltration and uniformly, regulate dermatotome pH while, carry out certain retanning.
(16), during retanning, add syntans and tannin extract carries out retanning.In order to not make chromium too high levels in skin, on the premise of main tan after-contraction temperature (Ts) is more than 90 DEG C, during retanning, use syntans；Owing to crocodile skin fiber is relatively thick, in order to not make the flat thin empty pine of finished leather, during retanning, add tannin extract.
(17) degreasing, stuffing and retanning procedures can add the bleeding agent of 1%～5%, promote the infiltration of material.
(18) stuffing operation have employed the mode of Fatliquoring in multi-step, add dispersant, and the different preferable fatting agents of emulsifiability is added by several times, strengthen stuffing effect.
(19) buffing operation have employed monkey buffing machine and carry out fluffing, uniformly adjust hide thickness everywhere.
(20) dry-cleaning operation uses using tetrachloro-ethylene, D-60 petroleum solvent as in the way of dry cleaning agent, remove unnecessary grease, and thoroughly clean surface.
(21) carry out in paddle-tumble before softening, use few mechanism；Softening process and afterwards, is transferred in rotary drum carry out can suitably increasing mechanism.
Embodiment 1:
Immersion → fleshing → blow oil film → degreasing, pre-liming → blow oil film → aldehyde pre-tanning → blow oil film → liming → blow oil film → brush squama → deliming → blow oil film → united bleaching → soften → blow oil film → united bleaching → degreasing → softening first bone, bleaching → pickling, softening → tanning → shaving → degreasing → neutralization → retanning → stuffing → buffing → dry-cleaning → dyeing → extension dry in the air → cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.；
In each operation, the consumption of chemical materials is on the basis of crocodile skin quality；
Concrete process is as follows:
Soaking process: liquor ratio is 150%, temperature is 35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%, and bactericide consumption is 1%, and Soaking consumption is 1%, and wetting agent consumption is 3%, washes after standing 12h；
Fleshing operation: take handle type fleshing machine fleshing, extruding to rotate after immersion, regulate fleshing intensity according to position difference appropriateness；
Degreasing, preimpregnation ash process: liquor ratio is 500%, and temperature is 30 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 6%, and bactericide consumption is 0.3%, and bleeding agent consumption is 3%；Being simultaneously introduced the pre-liming of akali sulphide, consumption is 0.5%, washes after standing 24h；
Frizing membrane process: scrape off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, brush, destroys intracutaneous adipocyte and scrapes extrusion grease；
Aldehyde pre-tanning operation: liquor ratio is 150%, temperature is normal temperature, and aldehyde consumption is 5%, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%, washes after standing 5h；
Liming operation: liquor ratio is 150%, temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 6%, and auxiliary liming agent consumption is 1%, stands 60min；Add pulverized limestone 6%, bleeding agent 3%, stand 30min；Add NaHS 3%, vulcanized sodium 3%, stand discharge opeing washing after 80h；
Brush squama operation: crocodile skin fold is more, uses medium hardness hairbrush, brushes off the scale that edge does not falls off；
Deliming operation: liquor ratio is 150%, stands 4h, and temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%, and bleeding agent consumption is 2%, and deliming auxiliary dosage is 0.5%, and ammonium sulfate consumption is 8%, stands 10h, and regulation pH is 8.0, washes after completing；
United bleaching operation: using oxidation bleaching and the united mode of reducing bleach to strengthen bleaching effect, liquor ratio is 150%；
During oxidation bleaching, adding oxidant, consumption is 40%, adds at twice, is spaced 4h, fully washes；
During reducing bleach, adding reducing agent, consumption is 5%, washes after standing 2h；
Softening process: liquor ratio is 400%, temperature is 35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 5%, and soda ash consumption is 0.3%, and pancreatin consumption is 3%, allows enzyme permeate 2h at normal temperatures, then is warming up to 40 DEG C, soften 2h, washes after standing overnight；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 400%, temperature is 30 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 5%, and soda ash consumption is 0.3%, and bleeding agent consumption is 3%, washes after standing 4h；
Soften first bone, bleaching process: liquor ratio is 400%, salt consumption is 15%, infiltration 30min, degreasing agent consumption is 1%, and the consumption of acid is 3%, and sodium hypochlorite consumption is 1%, niter cake consumption is 5%, reducing agent consumption is 0.5%, every acid, sodium hypochlorite, niter cake and reducing agent adding 3% in two days, changes liquid washing after standing 4 days；
Pickling, softening process: liquor ratio is 400%, salt consumption is 15%, permeates 30min, and the consumption of acid is 0.1%, and regulation pH is 3.0, and macerating enzyme consumption is 0.5%, stands 30h；
Tanning processes: carry out in pickling liquid, liquor ratio is 100%, and formic acid consumption is 3%, and regulation pH is 2.2, stands 30min, and chromium powder consumption is 10%, stands 10h, and masking agent consumption is 3%, turns and stops combining 20h；Temperature is adjusted to 35 DEG C, and adding alkali regulation pH by several times is 4.0, every minor tick 4h, and total time is 48h, stands overnight, and goes out drum and takes horse 20h；
Shaving operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, weighs after shaving；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 300%, temperature is 30 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 6%, washes after standing 10h；
Neutralization step: liquor ratio is 200%, temperature is 35 DEG C, and nertralizer consumption is 6%, and alkali consumption is 0.5%, and regulation pH is 6.5 by several times, stands 10h, changes liquid washing；
Retanning procedures: liquor ratio is 200%, temperature is 35 DEG C, and retanning agent consumption is 6%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 1%, and tannin extract consumption is 8%, turns and stops combining 10h, washes 30min；
Stuffing operation: liquor ratio is 200%, temperature is 40 DEG C, and dispersant dosage is 3%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 5%, and animal fatting agent consumption is 10%, turns and stops combining 10h, washes 30min；
Buffing operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, uses monkey buffing machine to carry out fluffing；
Dry-cleaning operation: using tetrachloro-ethylene, D-60 petroleum solvent as dry cleaning agent, dry-clean 30min, dry 10min, dry；
Dyeing process: liquor ratio is 200%, temperature is 40 DEG C, and dye dosage is 5%, turns and stops combining 10h, checks otch, the formic acid adding 1.5% after even dyeing, adds by several times, every minor tick 30min, and adjusting pH is 3.5, and fixing 6h washes 30min, stands 10 hours；
Extension dries in the air operation: uses stapler needle-like finishing nail to carry out nail-plate and is dried, first fixes dermatotome belly by means of nail-plate special vice, then fix initial and tail sections, make skin be fully extended.
In above-mentioned operation, also can add the bleeding agent of 5% in degreasing, retanning and stuffing operation, Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent.
In soaking process:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Soaking selects Tergolix W-01-ID；
DESOAGEN WT-H selected by wetting agent；
In degreasing, preimpregnation ash process:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Akali sulphide selects vulcanized sodium；
In aldehyde pre-tanning operation:
Aldehyde selects glutaraldehyde；
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
In liming operation:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
Auxiliary liming agent selects ERHAVIT MB；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
In deliming operation:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Deliming selection of auxiliary CISMOLLAN BH-C；
In united bleaching operation:
Hydrogen peroxide selected by oxidant；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In softening process:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
Pancreatin selects OROPON OO；
In degreasing process:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Soften in first bone, bleaching process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
Acid formic acid；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In pickling, softening process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Acid formic acid；
Macerating enzyme selects DESOBATE TN；
In tanning processes:
Turkey's strength mountain tank soft AB chromium powder selected by chromium powder；
Masking agent selects DESOAGEN KP；
In degreasing process:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
In neutralization step:
DESOTAN NT selected by nertralizer；
Alkali selects sodium acid carbonate；
In retanning procedures:
Retanning agent selects Tanigan HO；
Power thickness GLH selected by synthetic fat liquor；
In stuffing operation:
Dispersant selects Desoagen SHN；
Power thickness GLH selected by synthetic fat liquor；
Animal fatting agent selects CORIPOL MK.
The crocodile skin product properties obtained after test is good, and shrinkage temperature reaches 93 DEG C, and softness, fullness are preferable.
Embodiment 2:
Immersion → fleshing → blow oil film → degreasing, pre-liming → blow oil film → aldehyde pre-tanning → blow oil film → liming → blow oil film → brush squama → deliming → blow oil film → united bleaching → soften → blow oil film → united bleaching → degreasing → softening first bone, bleaching → pickling, softening → tanning → shaving → degreasing → neutralization → retanning → stuffing → buffing → dry-cleaning → dyeing → extension dry in the air → cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.；
In each operation, the consumption of chemical materials is on the basis of crocodile skin quality；
Concrete process is as follows:
Soaking process: liquor ratio is 350%, temperature is 30 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 4%, and bactericide consumption is 0.6%, and Soaking consumption is 2%, and wetting agent consumption is 1.5%, washes after standing 18h；
Fleshing operation: take handle type fleshing machine fleshing, extruding to rotate after immersion, regulate fleshing intensity according to position difference appropriateness；
Degreasing, preimpregnation ash process: liquor ratio is 350%, and temperature is 32 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 4%, and bactericide consumption is 0.6%, and bleeding agent consumption is 2%；Being simultaneously introduced the pre-liming of akali sulphide, consumption is 1.5%, washes after standing 18h；
Frizing membrane process: scrape off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, brush, destroys intracutaneous adipocyte and scrapes extrusion grease；
Aldehyde pre-tanning operation: liquor ratio is 350%, temperature is normal temperature, and aldehyde consumption is 2.5%, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%, washes after standing 3h；
Liming operation: liquor ratio is 350%, temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 4%, and auxiliary liming agent consumption is 2%, stands 45min；Add pulverized limestone 7%, bleeding agent 2%, stand 45min；Add NaHS 2%, vulcanized sodium 5%, stand discharge opeing washing after 60h；
Brush squama operation: crocodile skin fold is more, uses medium hardness hairbrush, brushes off the scale that edge does not falls off；
Deliming operation: liquor ratio is 350%, stands 2.5h, and temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%, and bleeding agent consumption is 1.5%, and deliming auxiliary dosage is 1%, and ammonium sulfate consumption is 5%, stands 20h, and regulation pH is 7.7, washes after completing；
United bleaching operation: using oxidation bleaching and the united mode of reducing bleach to strengthen bleaching effect, liquor ratio is 350%；
During oxidation bleaching, adding oxidant, consumption is 25%, adds at twice, is spaced 7h, fully washes；
During reducing bleach, adding reducing agent, consumption is 3%, washes after standing 6h；
Softening process: liquor ratio is 250%, temperature is 37 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 3%, and soda ash consumption is 1%, and pancreatin consumption is 2%, allows enzyme permeate 5h at normal temperatures, then is warming up to 37 DEG C, soften 5h, washes after standing overnight；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 250%, temperature is 32 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 3%, and soda ash consumption is 1%, and bleeding agent consumption is 2%, washes after standing 7h；
Soften first bone, bleaching process: liquor ratio is 250%, salt consumption is 25%, infiltration 20min, degreasing agent consumption is 3%, and the consumption of acid is 2%, and sodium hypochlorite consumption is 3%, niter cake consumption is 4%, reducing agent consumption is 2%, every acid, sodium hypochlorite, niter cake and reducing agent adding 2% in two days, changes liquid washing after standing 8 days；
Pickling, softening process: liquor ratio is 250%, salt consumption is 20%, permeates 20min, and the consumption of acid is 2%, and regulation pH is 2.6, and macerating enzyme consumption is 2%, stands 25h；
Tanning processes: carry out in pickling liquid, liquor ratio is 150%, and formic acid consumption is 2%, and regulation pH is 2.5, stands 30min, and chromium powder consumption is 7%, stands 17h, and masking agent consumption is 2%, turns and stops combining 30h；Temperature is adjusted to 37 DEG C, and adding alkali regulation pH by several times is 3.9, every minor tick 5h, and total time is 32h, stands overnight, and goes out drum and takes horse 22h；
Shaving operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, weighs after shaving；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 200%, temperature is 32 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 3%, washes after standing 17h；
Neutralization step: liquor ratio is 150%, temperature is 37 DEG C, and nertralizer consumption is 4%, and alkali consumption is 2%, and regulation pH is 6.0 by several times, stands 15h, changes liquid washing；
Retanning procedures: liquor ratio is 150%, temperature is 37 DEG C, and retanning agent consumption is 5%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 2%, and tannin extract consumption is 6%, turns and stops combining 17h, washes 30min；
Stuffing operation: liquor ratio is 150%, temperature is 45 DEG C, and dispersant dosage is 2%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 7%, and animal fatting agent consumption is 7%, turns and stops combining 17h, washes 30min；
Buffing operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, uses monkey buffing machine to carry out fluffing；
Dry-cleaning operation: using tetrachloro-ethylene, D-60 petroleum solvent as dry cleaning agent, dry-clean 20min, dry 20min, dry；
Dyeing process: liquor ratio is 150%, temperature is 45 DEG C, and dye dosage is 3%, turns and stops combining 20h, checks otch, the formic acid adding 1.0% after even dyeing, adds by several times, every minor tick 30min, and adjusting pH is 3.7, and fixing 4h washes 30min, stands 17 hours；
Extension dries in the air operation: uses stapler needle-like finishing nail to carry out nail-plate and is dried, first fixes dermatotome belly by means of nail-plate special vice, then fix initial and tail sections, make skin be fully extended.
In above-mentioned operation, also can add the bleeding agent of 3% in degreasing, retanning and stuffing operation, Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent.
In soaking process:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Soaking selects Tergolix W-01-ID；
DESOAGEN WT-H selected by wetting agent；
In degreasing, preimpregnation ash process:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Akali sulphide selects vulcanized sodium；
In aldehyde pre-tanning operation:
Aldehyde selects glutaraldehyde；
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
In liming operation:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
Auxiliary liming agent selects ERHAVIT MB；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
In deliming operation:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Deliming selection of auxiliary CISMOLLAN BH-C；
In united bleaching operation:
Hydrogen peroxide selected by oxidant；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In softening process:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
Pancreatin selects OROPON OO；
In degreasing process:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Soften in first bone, bleaching process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
Acid formic acid；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In pickling, softening process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Acid formic acid；
Macerating enzyme selects DESOBATE TN；
In tanning processes:
Turkey's strength mountain tank soft AB chromium powder selected by chromium powder；
Masking agent selects DESOAGEN KP；
In degreasing process:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
In neutralization step:
DESOTAN NT selected by nertralizer；
Alkali selects sodium acid carbonate；
In retanning procedures:
Retanning agent selects Tanigan HO；
Power thickness GLH selected by synthetic fat liquor；
In stuffing operation:
Dispersant selects Desoagen SHN；
Power thickness GLH selected by synthetic fat liquor；
Animal fatting agent selects CORIPOL MK.
The crocodile skin product properties obtained after test is good, and average shrinkage temperature reaches 95.2 DEG C, and softness, fullness are preferable.
Embodiment 3:
Immersion → fleshing → blow oil film → degreasing, pre-liming → blow oil film → aldehyde pre-tanning → blow oil film → liming → blow oil film → brush squama → deliming → blow oil film → united bleaching → soften → blow oil film → united bleaching → degreasing → softening first bone, bleaching → pickling, softening → tanning → shaving → degreasing → neutralization → retanning → stuffing → buffing → dry-cleaning → dyeing → extension dry in the air → cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.；
In each operation, the consumption of chemical materials is on the basis of crocodile skin quality；
Concrete process is as follows:
Soaking process: liquor ratio is 500%, temperature is 20 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 6%, and bactericide consumption is 0.3%%, and Soaking consumption is 4%, and wetting agent consumption is 0.3%, washes after standing 24h；
Fleshing operation: take handle type fleshing machine fleshing, extruding to rotate after immersion, regulate fleshing intensity according to position difference appropriateness；
Degreasing, preimpregnation ash process: liquor ratio is 150%, and temperature is 35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%, and bactericide consumption is 1%, and bleeding agent consumption is 1%；Being simultaneously introduced the pre-liming of akali sulphide, consumption is 3%, washes after standing 12h；
Frizing membrane process: scrape off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, brush, destroys intracutaneous adipocyte and scrapes extrusion grease；
Aldehyde pre-tanning operation: liquor ratio is 500%, temperature is normal temperature, and aldehyde consumption is 0.5%, and degreasing agent consumption is 4%, washes after standing 2h；
Liming operation: liquor ratio is 500%, temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%, and auxiliary liming agent consumption is 3%, stands 30min；Add pulverized limestone 8%, bleeding agent 1%, stand 60min；Add NaHS 1%, vulcanized sodium 8%, stand discharge opeing washing after 40h；
Brush squama operation: crocodile skin fold is more, uses medium hardness hairbrush, brushes off the scale that edge does not falls off；
Deliming operation: liquor ratio is 500%, stands 1.5h, and temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 3%, and bleeding agent consumption is 0.5%, and deliming auxiliary dosage is 2%, and ammonium sulfate consumption is 3%, stands 30h, and regulation pH is 7.5, washes after completing；
United bleaching operation: using oxidation bleaching and the united mode of reducing bleach to strengthen bleaching effect, liquor ratio is 500%；
During oxidation bleaching, adding oxidant, consumption is 10%, adds at twice, is spaced 10h, fully washes；
During reducing bleach, adding reducing agent, consumption is 1%, washes after standing 10h；
Softening process: liquor ratio is 100%, temperature is 40 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%, and soda ash consumption is 2%, and pancreatin consumption is 1%, allows enzyme permeate 8h at normal temperatures, then is warming up to 35 DEG C, soften 8h, washes after standing overnight；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 100%, temperature is 35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%, and soda ash consumption is 2%, and bleeding agent consumption is 1%, washes after standing 10h；
Soften first bone, bleaching process: liquor ratio is 100%, salt consumption is 40%, infiltration 10min, degreasing agent consumption is 5%, and the consumption of acid is 0.5%, and sodium hypochlorite consumption is 5%, niter cake consumption is 2%, reducing agent consumption is 4%, every acid, sodium hypochlorite, niter cake and reducing agent adding 0.5% in two days, changes liquid washing after standing 12 days；
Pickling, softening process: liquor ratio is 100%, salt consumption is 30%, permeates 10min, and the consumption of acid is 3%, and regulation pH is 2.2, and macerating enzyme consumption is 3%, stands 20h；
Tanning processes: carry out in pickling liquid, liquor ratio is 200%, and formic acid consumption is 0.5%, and regulation pH is 2.8, stands 30min, and chromium powder consumption is 5%, stands 24h, and masking agent consumption is 1%, turns and stops combining 40h；Temperature is adjusted to 35 DEG C, and adding alkali regulation pH by several times is 4.0, every minor tick 4h, and total time is 48h, stands overnight, and goes out drum and takes horse 20h；
Shaving operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, weighs after shaving；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 300%, temperature is 30 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 6%, washes after standing 10h；
Neutralization step: liquor ratio is 200%, temperature is 35 DEG C, and nertralizer consumption is 6%, and alkali consumption is 0.5%, and regulation pH is 6.5 by several times, stands 10h, changes liquid washing；
Retanning procedures: liquor ratio is 200%, temperature is 35 DEG C, and retanning agent consumption is 6%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 1%, and tannin extract consumption is 8%, turns and stops combining 10h, washes 30min；
Stuffing operation: liquor ratio is 200%, temperature is 40 DEG C, and dispersant dosage is 3%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 5%, and animal fatting agent consumption is 10%, turns and stops combining 10h, washes 30min；
Buffing operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, uses monkey buffing machine to carry out fluffing；
Dry-cleaning operation: using tetrachloro-ethylene, D-60 petroleum solvent as dry cleaning agent, dry-clean 30min, dry 10min, dry；
Dyeing process: liquor ratio is 200%, temperature is 40 DEG C, and dye dosage is 5%, turns and stops combining 10h, checks otch, the formic acid adding 1.5% after even dyeing, adds by several times, every minor tick 30min, and adjusting pH is 3.5, and fixing 6h washes 30min, stands 10 hours；
Extension dries in the air operation: uses stapler needle-like finishing nail to carry out nail-plate and is dried, first fixes dermatotome belly by means of nail-plate special vice, then fix initial and tail sections, make skin be fully extended.
In above-mentioned operation, also can add the bleeding agent of 5% in degreasing, retanning and stuffing operation, Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent.
In soaking process:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Soaking selects Tergolix W-01-ID；
DESOAGEN WT-H selected by wetting agent；
In degreasing, preimpregnation ash process:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Akali sulphide selects NaHS；
In aldehyde pre-tanning operation:
Aldehyde selects glutaraldehyde；
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
In liming operation:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Auxiliary liming agent selects ERHAVIT MB；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
In deliming operation:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Deliming selection of auxiliary CISMOLLAN BH-C；
In united bleaching operation:
Hydrogen peroxide selected by oxidant；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In softening process:
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Pancreatin selects OROPON OO；
In degreasing process:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Soften in first bone, bleaching process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
DESOAGEN N309 selected by degreasing agent；
Acid formic acid；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In pickling, softening process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Acid formic acid；
Macerating enzyme selects DESOBATE TN；
In tanning processes:
Turkey's strength mountain tank soft AB chromium powder selected by chromium powder；
Masking agent selects DESOAGEN KP；
In degreasing process:
Clariant DA-01 selected by degreasing agent；
In neutralization step:
SELLASOL NG selected by nertralizer；
Alkali formic acid sodium；
In retanning procedures:
Retanning agent selects Tanigan HO；
Desopon LQ-5 selected by synthetic fat liquor；
In stuffing operation:
Dispersant selects BORPON SAF；
Desopon LQ-5 selected by synthetic fat liquor；
Animal fatting agent selects Desopon QL.
The crocodile skin product properties obtained after test is good, and average shrinkage temperature has reached 96.8 DEG C, wherein has 2 skins to reach coctostabile degree, and finished leather is soft, fullness is preferable.
Present disclosure is not limited to cited by embodiment, and the conversion of any equivalence that technical solution of the present invention is taked by those of ordinary skill in the art by reading description of the invention, the claim being the present invention is contained.
Claims (3)
1. crocodile belly leather processing method, it is characterised in that:
Comprise the following steps:
Immersion → fleshing → blow oil film → degreasing, pre-liming → blow oil film → aldehyde pre-tanning → blow oil film → liming → blow oil film → brush squama → deliming → blow oil film → united bleaching → soften → blow oil film → united bleaching → degreasing → softening first bone, bleaching → pickling, softening → tanning → shaving → degreasing → neutralization → retanning → stuffing → buffing → dry-cleaning → dyeing → extension dry in the air → cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.；
In each operation, the consumption of chemical materials is on the basis of crocodile skin quality；
Concrete process is as follows:
Soaking process: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, temperature is 20～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%～6%, and bactericide consumption is 0.3%～1%, and Soaking consumption is 1%～4%, and wetting agent consumption is 0.3%～3%, washes after standing 12～24h；
Fleshing operation: take handle type fleshing machine fleshing, extruding to rotate after immersion, regulate fleshing intensity according to position difference appropriateness；
Degreasing, preimpregnation ash process: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, and temperature is 30～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%～6%, and bactericide consumption is 0.3%～1%, and bleeding agent consumption is 1%～3%；Being simultaneously introduced the pre-liming of akali sulphide, consumption is 0.5%～3%, washes after standing 12～24h；
Frizing membrane process: scrape off the oil film of flesh noodles with blunt knife, brush, destroys intracutaneous adipocyte and scrapes extrusion grease；
Aldehyde pre-tanning operation: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, temperature is normal temperature, and aldehyde consumption is 0.5%～5%, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～4%, washes after standing 2～5h；
Liming operation: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 2%～6%, and auxiliary liming agent consumption is 1%～3%, stands 30～60min；Add pulverized limestone 6%～8%, bleeding agent 1%～3%, stand 30～60min；Add NaHS 1%～3%, vulcanized sodium 3%～8%, discharge opeing washing after standing 40～80h；
Brush squama operation: crocodile skin fold is more, uses medium hardness hairbrush, brushes off the scale that edge does not falls off；
Deliming operation: liquor ratio is 150%～500%, stands 1.5～4h, and temperature is normal temperature, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～3%, bleeding agent consumption is 0.5%～2%, and deliming auxiliary dosage is 0.5%～2%, and ammonium sulfate consumption is 3%～8%, standing 10～30h, regulation pH is 7.5～8.0, washes after completing；
United bleaching operation: using oxidation bleaching and the united mode of reducing bleach to strengthen bleaching effect, liquor ratio is 150%～500%；
During oxidation bleaching, adding oxidant, consumption is 10%～40%, adds at twice, is spaced 4～10h, fully washes；
During reducing bleach, adding reducing agent, consumption is 1%～5%, washes after standing 2～10h；
Softening process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, temperature is 35～40 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～5%, soda ash consumption is 0.3%～2%, and pancreatin consumption is 1%～3%, allows enzyme permeate 2～8h at normal temperatures, it is warming up to 35～40 DEG C again, softens 2～8h, wash after standing overnight；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, temperature is 30～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～5%, and soda ash consumption is 0.3%～2%, and bleeding agent consumption is 1%～5%, washes after standing 4～10h；
Soften first bone, bleaching process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, salt consumption is 15%～40%, infiltration 10～30min, degreasing agent consumption is 1%～5%, and the consumption of acid is 0.5%～3%, and sodium hypochlorite consumption is 1%～5%, niter cake consumption is 2%～5%, reducing agent consumption is 0.5%～4%, every acid, sodium hypochlorite, niter cake and reducing agent adding 0.5%～3% in two days, changes liquid washing after standing 4～12 days；
Pickling, softening process: liquor ratio is 100%～400%, salt consumption is 15%～30%, permeates 10～30min, and the consumption of acid is 0.1%～3%, and regulation pH is 2.2～3.0, and macerating enzyme consumption is 0.5%～3%, stands 20～30h；
Tanning processes: carry out in pickling liquid, liquor ratio is 100%～200%, and formic acid consumption is 0.5%～3%, and regulation pH is 2.2～2.8, stands 30min, and chromium powder consumption is 5%～10%, stands 10～24h, and masking agent consumption is 1%～3%, turns and stops combining 20～40h；Temperature is adjusted to 35～40 DEG C, adds alkali by several times, and regulation pH is 3.8～4.0, every minor tick 4～6h, and total time is 20～48h, stands overnight, and goes out drum and takes horse 20～24h；
Shaving operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, weighs after shaving；
Degreasing process: liquor ratio is 100%～300%, temperature is 30～35 DEG C, and degreasing agent consumption is 1%～6%, washes after standing 10～24h；
Neutralization step: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 35～40 DEG C, and nertralizer consumption is 2%～6%, and alkali consumption is 0.5%～3%, and regulation pH is 5.5～6.5 by several times, stands 10～20h, changes liquid washing；
Retanning procedures: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 35～40 DEG C, and retanning agent consumption is 3%～6%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 1%～4%, and tannin extract consumption is 3%～8%, turns and stops combining 10～24h, washes 30min；
Stuffing operation: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 40～50 DEG C, and dispersant dosage is 1%～3%, and synthetic fat liquor consumption is 5%～10%, and animal fatting agent consumption is 5%～10%, turns and stops combining 10～24h, washes 30min；
Buffing operation: regarding product requirement, accurately adjusts Hide thickness, uses monkey buffing machine to carry out fluffing；
Dry-cleaning operation: using tetrachloro-ethylene, D-60 petroleum solvent as dry cleaning agent, dry-clean 10～30min, dry 10～30min, dry；
Dyeing process: liquor ratio is 100%～200%, temperature is 40～50 DEG C, and dye dosage is 1%～5%, turns and stops combining 10～30h, check otch, add 0.5% after even dyeing～the formic acid of 1.5%, add by several times, every minor tick 30min, adjusting pH is 3.5～4.0, fix 2～6h, wash 30min, stand 10～24 hours；
Extension dries in the air operation: uses stapler needle-like finishing nail to carry out nail-plate and is dried, first fixes dermatotome belly by means of nail-plate special vice, then fix initial and tail sections, make skin be fully extended.
Crocodile belly leather processing method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Adding the bleeding agent of 1%～5% in degreasing, retanning and stuffing operation, Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent.
Crocodile belly leather processing method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
In soaking process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN selected by degreasing agent
N309；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Soaking selects Tergolix W-01-ID；
DESOAGEN WT-H selected by wetting agent；
In degreasing, preimpregnation ash process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN selected by degreasing agent
N309；
DESOAGEN KL selected by bactericide；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Akali sulphide selects vulcanized sodium or NaHS；
In aldehyde pre-tanning operation:
Aldehyde selects glutaraldehyde；
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN selected by degreasing agent
N309；
In liming operation:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN selected by degreasing agent
N309；
Auxiliary liming agent selects ERHAVIT MB；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
In deliming operation:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN selected by degreasing agent
N309；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Deliming selection of auxiliary CISMOLLAN BH-C；
In united bleaching operation:
Hydrogen peroxide selected by oxidant；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In softening process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN selected by degreasing agent
N309；
Pancreatin selects OROPON OO；
In degreasing process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN selected by degreasing agent
N309；
Becaltal Pic S selected by bleeding agent；
Soften in first bone, bleaching process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN selected by degreasing agent
N309；
Acid formic acid；
Sodium hydrosulfite selected by reducing agent；
In pickling, softening process:
Sodium chloride selected by salt；
Acid formic acid；
Macerating enzyme selects DESOBATE TN；
In tanning processes:
Turkey's strength mountain tank soft AB chromium powder selected by chromium powder；
Masking agent selects DESOAGEN KP；
In degreasing process:
Clariant DA-01 or DESOAGEN selected by degreasing agent
N309；
In neutralization step:
DESOTAN NT or SELLASOL selected by nertralizer
NG；
Alkali formic acid sodium or sodium acid carbonate；
In retanning procedures:
Retanning agent selects Tanigan HO；
Synthetic fat liquor selects power thickness GLH or Desopon LQ-5；
In stuffing operation:
Dispersant selects BORPON SAF, Desoagen
SHN；
Synthetic fat liquor selects power thickness GLH or Desopon LQ-5；
Animal fatting agent selects Desopon QL or CORIPOL
MK。
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| CN105274261B (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-11-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Crocodile back leather processing method |
| CN108463563B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2020-10-30 | 西铁城时计株式会社 | Method for producing reptile leather or leather product using 6-valent chromium treatment agent, and reptile leather or leather product using 6-valent chromium treatment agent |
| CN108725066A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-11-02 | 丁思尧 | A kind of fish-skin paint skill aseptic technic |
| CN109576407B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-07-30 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Preparation method of huso dauricus sturgeon skin luggage leather |
| CN110656209B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-01-19 | 四川大学 | Method for making leather from sturgeon skin |
| CN113528713B (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2022-08-05 | 正大鳄鱼科技(河北)有限公司 | Crocodile skin treatment method |
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| CN102154529A (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-08-17 | 李宏强 | Sturgeon leather production method and sturgeon leather produced using same |
| CN102199676A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-09-28 | 王学川 | Sturgeon skin chrome tanning leather production process |
| CN103194546A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-07-10 | (株)辉权洋行 | Crocodile skin processing method |
| CN103627827A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-03-12 | 广西盟展鳄鱼科技开发有限公司 | Chrome-free tanning method of alligator skin |
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| JP4689178B2 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2011-05-25 | 協伸株式会社 | Method for producing leather dyed by inkjet and leather dyed by the method |
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| CN102154529A (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-08-17 | 李宏强 | Sturgeon leather production method and sturgeon leather produced using same |
| CN102199676A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-09-28 | 王学川 | Sturgeon skin chrome tanning leather production process |
| CN103194546A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-07-10 | (株)辉权洋行 | Crocodile skin processing method |
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