CN109576410B - Processing method of Russian sturgeon skin leather - Google Patents
Processing method of Russian sturgeon skin leather Download PDFInfo
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- CN109576410B CN109576410B CN201811509031.4A CN201811509031A CN109576410B CN 109576410 B CN109576410 B CN 109576410B CN 201811509031 A CN201811509031 A CN 201811509031A CN 109576410 B CN109576410 B CN 109576410B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/04—Soaking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
- C14B17/00—Details of apparatus or machines for manufacturing or treating skins, hides, leather, or furs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/08—Deliming; Bating; Pickling; Degreasing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C15/00—Apparatus for chemical treatment or washing of hides, skins, or leather
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/04—Mineral tanning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/08—Chemical tanning by organic agents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of leather processing, and particularly relates to a method for processing Russian sturgeon skin leather, which aims at solving the problems that the Russian sturgeon is different from other sturgeons, the pattern of a bone plate of the Russian sturgeon is denser and richer than that of other sturgeons, fine bone spurs are densely distributed on the surface of the Russian sturgeon, the processing difficulty is higher, and the equipment requirement is high, and provides the method for processing the Russian sturgeon skin leather.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of leather processing, and particularly relates to a method for processing Russian sturgeon skin leather.
Background
The Russian sturgeon (A. gueldenstaedi) is different from sturgeons of other varieties, the bone plate patterns of the Russian sturgeon are denser and richer than those of other sturgeons, fine bone spurs are densely distributed on the surface of the Russian sturgeons, the processing difficulty is higher, the equipment requirement is high, and the common processing method is difficult to meet the requirements of commercial production. From the retrieved data and published papers, there is currently no mature leather processing method for the Russian sturgeon.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a processing method of Russian sturgeon skin leather, which is used for specifically protecting a rich and beautiful bone plate of a Russian sturgeon in a tanning process, and processing the Russian sturgeon leather by adopting an environment-friendly chromium-free tanning process, wherein the tanned Russian sturgeon skin leather is soft and plump, and the bone plate is intact.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
a processing method of Russian sturgeon skin leather comprises the following steps:
selecting 10-20 kg of sturgeon skin salt wet skin of the Russian sturgeon;
1) soaking in water for pre-degreasing
(1) Fully washing sturgeon skin at the water temperature of 18-22 ℃, and weighing after washing;
(2) weighing 300% of 200-water, 1-1.5% of water-soaking agent, 0.5-1% of bactericide and 1-1.5% of degreasing agent in the weight of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step (1);
(3) putting prepared sturgeon skin and water into a rotary drum, keeping the water temperature at 20-22 ℃, then adding a soaking agent, a bactericide and a degreasing agent, rotating the rotary drum for 10-20 minutes, stopping for 40-50 minutes, and rotating the rotary drum for 2-4 revolutions per minute for 12-24 hours from the time of feeding to the time of finishing the rotation of the rotary drum;
2) mechanical degreasing
The skin of the steeped Russian sturgeon is faced upwards, fins are removed, and fish and fat are removed by a steel wire brush or a nylon brush;
3) liming and degreasing
(1) Step 2), weighing sturgeon skin obtained after mechanical degreasing;
(2) weighing 2-2.5% of sodium sulfide (sodium sulfide particles with effective content of 50-70%), 8-10% of lime, 0.5-1% of liming auxiliary agent, 1-2% of degreasing agent and 300-400% of water by weight of the sturgeon skin in the step 3) (1);
(3) putting water and sturgeon skin into a rotary drum, adjusting the water temperature to 22-24 ℃, adding a sodium sulfide solution and a degreasing agent which are dissolved in water, and rotating for 50-70 minutes at a speed of 1-2 revolutions per minute; adding lime and liming auxiliary agent, rotating for 5-15 minutes, stopping for 40-60 minutes, rotating the rotary drum for 1-2 revolutions per minute, and totally taking 24-36 hours from the time of feeding to the time of finishing the rotation of the rotary drum; after the step is completed, the skin of the sturgeon expands uniformly, the skin is firm, and the ph of the skin of the sturgeon is more than 12.
(4) Washing, namely fully washing sturgeon skin with running water at the temperature of 18-22 ℃ in the rotary drum;
(5) and (3) mechanically removing meat and fat from the washed skin again in the same way as the step 2).
4) Deashing and degreasing
(1) Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 3);
(2) weighing 1.5-2% of ammonium sulfate, 1.5-2% of degreasing agent, 0.5-1% of deliming agent and 100% of water in the weight of the sturgeon skin in the step 4) (1);
(3) adjusting the water temperature, adding sturgeon skin, sequentially adding ammonium sulfate, deliming agent and degreasing agent, keeping the water temperature at 31-34 ℃, and rotating for 1-2h at 1-2 r/min; phenolphthalein indicators show cuts 1/5-1/6 showing a red heart, indicating that deliming is in place;
(4) washing, namely fully washing sturgeon skin in the rotary drum at 30-37 ℃;
5) pickling and degreasing
(1) Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 4);
(2) weighing 150% of water, 16-20% of salt, 1-1.5% of acetic acid, 1.5-2% of concentrated sulfuric acid and 1.5-2% of nonionic degreasing agent in the weight ratio of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step 5) (1);
(3) adjusting the water temperature, adding sturgeon skin, adding salt and a nonionic degreasing agent, keeping the water temperature at 21-23 ℃, rotating the drum for 1-2 revolutions per minute for 5-15 minutes; then adding diluted acetic acid, and rotating for 1-2 r/min and 20-40 min; then, adding diluted concentrated sulfuric acid 3-4 times in average, rotating for 20-40 minutes each time at the rotating speed of 1-2 revolutions per minute, and then stopping the drum and standing; the total time from the feeding start to the standing end is 24-36 h; after the step is finished, the leather surface is astringent, the leather body is flexible and compact, and the pH value of the solution is 2.5;
(4) degreasing, namely taking the sturgeon skin out in a sour skin state, removing solid fat on a dried panel again in the same way as the step 2), weighing the sturgeon skin, and putting the sturgeon skin into the original pickling solution;
6) tanning and degreasing
(1) Weighing 2-3% of modified glutaraldehyde, 1-1.5% of aluminum tanning agent, 8-10% of white tannin extract, 1-1.5% of sodium formate, 2-2.5% of baking soda and 1-1.5% of mildew preventive (Langsheng) in the weight of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step 5);
(2) tanning
Tanning is carried out in the original pickle liquor, the water temperature is kept at 20-24 ℃, diluted modified glutaraldehyde is added, and the tanning is rotated for 1-2 hours at 1-2 revolutions per minute; adding aluminum tanning agent, and rotating for 1-2h at a speed of 1-2 r/min; adding white tannin and tannin extract, and rotating for 4-5h at a speed of 1-2 rpm; stopping the drum and standing for 18-24 hours from the beginning of feeding to the end of standing; adding sodium formate and a mildew preventive, and rotating for 1-2 hours at a speed of 1-2 r/min; then adding diluted baking soda, wherein the baking soda is added for 8 times averagely, and each time is rotated for 30-50 minutes and 1-2 revolutions per minute; when the ph of the solution is detected to be 4.0, continuing to rotate for 1-2h for 1-2 r/min; then, the water temperature is increased to 40 ℃, and the water temperature is kept at 1-2 r/min for 1-2 h; detecting the shrinkage temperature of the sturgeon leather by boiling water to be more than 80 ℃, stopping the drum and standing, wherein the time from feeding to standing is 18-24 hours; then rotating for 1-2h at 1-2 r/min, and then cleaning in a normal-temperature flowing water drum and discharging the drum;
(3) degreasing
Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 6) and the step 2); weighing water accounting for 300% of 200 plus of the weight of the sturgeon skin and a high-temperature resistant non-ionic degreasing agent accounting for 3-4%; putting sturgeon skin, water and the high-temperature-resistant non-ionic degreasing agent into a rotary drum, keeping the water temperature at 55-65 ℃ and rotating for 8-10 hours at 1-2 r/min, then washing the sturgeon skin by running water at normal temperature in the rotary drum, and discharging the sturgeon skin, water and high-temperature-resistant non-ionic degreasing agent to control water purification;
7) retanning
(1) Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 6);
(2) weighing 0.3-0.6% of formic acid, 1-2% of modified glutaraldehyde, 2-4% of acrylic acid retanning agent, 4-8% of white tannin, 2-4% of anionic fatliquor, 0.5-1% of baking soda and 100-200% of water in the weight of the sturgeon skin in the step 7);
(3) putting prepared sturgeon skin and water into a rotary drum, adjusting the temperature to 40-44 ℃, rotating the rotary drum, adding diluted formic acid, rotating for 1-2h, adding diluted modified glutaraldehyde, and rotating for 1-2 h; adding white tannin to convert for 1-2 h; adding acrylic acid retanning agent and anion fatting agent, and rotating for 1-2 h; stopping the drum and standing, wherein the total time from the feeding to the standing is 18-24 hours; then evenly dividing the mixture into 3-4 times, adding the diluted baking soda, rotating for 30-50 minutes each time, stopping the drum and standing, wherein the total time from the beginning of baking soda feeding to the end of standing is 18-24 hours; standing, rotating for 1-2h at the rotating speed of 1-2 rpm, washing with water at 37-40 ℃ in a rotary drum when the pH value of the solution is detected to be 4.0, controlling the water to be purified, and immediately performing the next operation, wherein the sturgeon skin does not bulge;
8) neutralization
(1) Weighing 200% of water, 2-4% of neutralized tannin (basf), 1-2% of sodium formate and 0.5-1% of baking soda, wherein the weight of the sturgeon skin is 100-;
(2) adding water into the rotary drum, adjusting the temperature to 40-44 ℃, adding the neutralized tannin, and rotating for 1-2 h; adding sodium formate, and rotating for 1-2 h; adding the diluted baking soda in 3-4 times, and rotating for 30-50 minutes each time; the rotating speed of the rotary drum is 4-6 r/min, and the pH value of the end-point solution is detected to be 5.0-6.0; then, fully cleaning the inside of the rotary drum with hot water at 50-60 ℃, and discharging and controlling purified water;
9) nail plate drying
10) And (5) polishing the leather surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the tanned Russian sturgeon leather is soft and plump, and the bone plate is intact;
2. a brand-new environment-friendly chrome-free tanning process is adopted, so that the market popularization is easy;
3. different degreasing agents and degreasing methods are selected for different grease components in different tanning procedures to perform degreasing respectively, and after degreasing, sturgeon skins are cleaner and tidier than the sturgeon skins in the traditional method, so that the subsequent operation is easy;
4. the high quality product rate of the Russian sturgeon leather tanned by the method reaches over 90 percent, and greatly exceeds the yield of 30 percent of the traditional tanning method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a reference of the russian sturgeon leather prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is the conventional technology in the field if not particularly stated; the reagents or materials, if not specifically mentioned, are commercially available.
Example 1:
a processing method of Russian sturgeon skin leather comprises the following steps:
according to conventional cognition in the field, the weight of the sturgeon skin related to the invention is the wet weight of the sturgeon skin; the percentage addition amount of the raw materials used in each step is based on the weight of the sturgeon skin involved in each step.
1) Soaking in water for pre-degreasing
(1) Fully washing sturgeon skin at the water temperature of 18-22 ℃, and weighing after washing;
(2) weighing 200% of water, 1% of water-soaking agent (Pasteur Eusapon W), 1% of bactericide (Langshan CISMOLLAN AN 90) and 1% of degreasing agent (brother chemical H900) by weight of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step (1);
(3) putting prepared sturgeon skin and water into a rotary drum, keeping the water temperature at 20-22 ℃, then adding a soaking agent, a bactericide and a degreasing agent, rotating the rotary drum for 15 minutes, stopping for 45 minutes, rotating the rotary drum for 2 revolutions per minute, and finishing the rotation of the rotary drum for 24 hours from the feeding;
2) mechanical degreasing
The soaked Russian sturgeon skin is fixed on a panel with the flesh facing upwards, fins are removed by scissors, and fish and fat are removed by an 80-mesh electric steel wire brush or a nylon brush;
3) liming and degreasing
(1) Step 2), weighing sturgeon skin obtained after mechanical degreasing;
(2) weighing 2% of sodium sulfide (sodium sulfide particles with effective content of 60%), 10% of lime, 1% of liming auxiliary agent (Langshan CISMOLLAN BH-C), 2% of degreasing agent (Basofu OC) and 300% of water, wherein the weight of the sodium sulfide (sodium sulfide particles with effective content of 60%), the lime, the liming auxiliary agent (Langshan CISMOLLAN BH-C), and the degreasing agent (Basofu OC) are the weight of the sturgeon skin in the;
(3) putting water and sturgeon skin into a rotary drum, adjusting the water temperature to 23 ℃, adding a sodium sulfide solution and a degreasing agent which are dissolved in the water, and rotating for 60 minutes at a speed of 1 r/min; adding lime and liming auxiliary agent, rotating for 10 minutes, stopping for 50 minutes, rotating the rotary drum for 1 revolution/minute, and counting the total time from the feeding to the finishing of the rotation of the rotary drum for 36 hours; after the step is completed, the skin of the sturgeon expands uniformly, the skin is firm, and the ph of the skin of the sturgeon is more than 12.
(4) Washing, namely fully washing sturgeon skin for 20 minutes at 18-22 ℃ in the rotary drum at the rotary drum rotating speed of 1 r/min;
(5) and (3) mechanically removing meat and fat from the washed skin again in the same way as the step 2).
4) Deashing and degreasing
(1) Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 3);
(2) weighing 2% of ammonium sulfate, 2% of degreasing agent (Basff OC), 1% of deliming agent (Langshen FRS-C) and 100% of water in the weight of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step 4) (1);
(3) adjusting the water temperature, adding sturgeon skin, sequentially adding ammonium sulfate, deliming agent and degreasing agent, keeping the water temperature at 33 ℃, rotating for 1 r/min and 2 h; phenolphthalein indicators show cuts 1/5-1/6 showing a red heart, indicating that deliming is in place;
(4) washing, namely fully washing the sturgeon skin for 2 times at the temperature of 30-37 ℃ in the rotary drum, wherein each time lasts for 10 minutes;
5) pickling and degreasing
(1) Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 4);
(2) weighing 100% of water, 16% of salt, 1% of acetic acid, 2% of concentrated sulfuric acid and 2% of nonionic degreasing agent (brother chemical industry) in the weight of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step 5) (1);
(3) adjusting the water temperature, adding sturgeon skin, adding salt and a nonionic degreasing agent, keeping the water temperature at 22 ℃, rotating the rotary drum for 1 r/min and rotating for 10 min; then adding diluted acetic acid (the acetic acid is diluted by water with the weight being 10 times of that of the acetic acid), and rotating for 1 r/min and 30 min; then, adding diluted concentrated sulfuric acid (diluted by water with the weight ratio of 1: 10 times) for 4 times, rotating for 30 minutes each time at the rotating speed of 1 rotation/minute, and then stopping the drum and standing; the total time from the feeding start to the standing end is 24 hours; after the step is finished, the leather surface is astringent, the leather body is flexible and compact, and the pH value of the solution is 2.5;
(4) degreasing, namely taking the sturgeon skin out in a sour skin state, removing solid fat on a dried panel again in the same way as the step 2), weighing the sturgeon skin, and putting the sturgeon skin into the original pickling solution;
6) tanning and degreasing
(1) Weighing 2% of modified glutaraldehyde (basf GT50), 1% of aluminum tanning agent, 10% of white tannin (basf DLE), 10% of white tannin extract, 1% of sodium formate, 2% of baking soda and 1% of mildew preventive (Langsheng) based on the weight of the sturgeon skin in the step 5);
(2) tanning
Tanning is carried out in the original pickle liquor, the water temperature is kept at 24 ℃, diluted modified glutaraldehyde (the weight ratio is 1: 5) is added, and the tanning is rotated for 2 hours at 1 r/min; adding an aluminum tanning agent, and rotating for 1 r/min and 2 h; adding white tannin and white tannin extract, and rotating for 4 hours at a speed of 1 r/min; stopping the drum and standing for 24 hours from the beginning of feeding to the end of standing; adding sodium formate and a mildew preventive, and rotating for 1 r/min and 2 h; then adding diluted baking soda (20 times of water solution with the temperature of 35 ℃) in parts by weight, wherein the baking soda is added for 8 times on average, and each time is 40 minutes and 2 revolutions per minute; when the ph of the solution is detected to be 4.0, continuing to rotate for 2 hours at a speed of 2 revolutions per minute; then, the water temperature is increased to 40 ℃, and the water temperature is kept for 2 hours at 2 revolutions per minute; detecting the shrinkage temperature of the sturgeon leather by boiling water to be more than 80 ℃, stopping the drum and standing, and totally 24 hours from the feeding to the standing; then 2 revolutions per minute for 2 hours, and then the drum is taken out after being cleaned in the normal temperature running water rotating drum for 20 minutes.
(3) Degreasing
Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 6) and the step 2); weighing 200% of water and 3% of high-temperature-resistant non-ionic degreasing agent (Pasteur Eusapon OC, brother chemical H901) by weight of the sturgeon skin, and mixing in a ratio of 1: 1); putting sturgeon skin, water and the high-temperature-resistant non-ionic degreasing agent into a rotary drum, keeping the water temperature at 60 ℃ for 2 r/min, rotating for 8 hours, then washing the rotary drum with running water at normal temperature for 20 minutes, discharging the drum, controlling water, and stacking for more than 48 hours.
The degreased sturgeon leather is uniform light blue white as a in figure 1, leather fibers are completely opened, finger pressure has fluffy feeling, natural grease in the sturgeon leather is basically removed, the leather is firm, no rotten leather exists, the leather surface is clean, and no other pungent taste exists except leather smell. The sturgeon leather is sent to an SGS (SGS) institution for detection, based on a candidate list of high-concern substances for authorization examination published by the European chemical administration on 12, 17 and 2015 (according to REACH regulation No. 1907/2006 of European Union), 168 high-concern Substances (SVHC) are screened and tested, and meanwhile, the lead content is detected, and the detection content and the detection result are as follows:
depending on the particular test range and analytical technique, the test results for high substance of interest concentrations of less than 0.1% lead in the test samples are as follows:
remarking:
(1)1mg/kg＝0.0001％
(2) MDL (medium density language) method detection limit
(3) ND is not detected (< MOL)
(4) "-" (not specified)
Lead (Pb)
The measuring method comprises the following steps: reference US EPA method 3052: 1996, using CP-OES for analysis.
7) Retanning
(1) Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 6);
(2) weighing 0.3% of formic acid, 2% of modified glutaraldehyde, 2% of acrylic acid retanning agent, 4% of white tannin, 2% of anionic fatliquoring agent, 0.5% of baking soda and 100% of water based on the weight of the sturgeon skin in the step 7) (1)
(3) Putting prepared sturgeon skin and water into a rotary drum, adjusting the temperature to 42 ℃, rotating the rotary drum, adding diluted formic acid (the weight ratio is 1: 10 times of water for dilution), rotating for 1 hour, adding diluted modified glutaraldehyde (the weight ratio is 1:5 times of water for dilution), and rotating for 1 hour; adding white tannin to convert for 2 h; adding an acrylic acid retanning agent and an anionic fatliquor, and rotating for 2 hours; stopping the drum and standing, wherein the total time from the feeding to the standing is 24 hours; then, evenly dividing into 4 times, adding diluted baking soda (diluted by water with the weight ratio of 1: 20) for 40 minutes every time, stopping the drum and standing, wherein the rotating speed of the rotary drum is 4 revolutions per minute, and the total time from the beginning to the end of the standing of the baking soda is 24 hours; rotating for 1h after standing, rotating at the speed of 2 revolutions per minute, detecting the pH value of the solution by 4.0, washing for 2 times with warm water (37-40 ℃) in the rotary drum, controlling water for each minute, and immediately performing the next operation, wherein the sturgeon skin does not appear in the drum;
8) neutralization
(1) Weighing 100% of water, 2% of neutralized tannin (basf), 1% of sodium formate and 0.5% of baking soda by weight of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step 7) (1);
(2) adding water into the rotary drum, adjusting the temperature to 42 ℃, adding neutral tannin, and rotating for 2 hours; adding sodium formate, and rotating for 2 h; adding the diluted baking soda (diluted by water with the weight ratio of 1: 20) in 3 times in average, and rotating for 40 minutes each time; the rotating speed of the rotary drum is 4 revolutions per minute, and the pH value of the end-point solution is detected to be 5.5; and then fully cleaning twice with hot water at 55 ℃ in the rotary drum, each time for 10 minutes, discharging the drum, controlling the water to be purified, and stacking for more than 24 hours.
9) Nail plate drying
The tanned sturgeon skin and flesh surfaces face downwards, the sturgeon skin and flesh surfaces are spread and spread on a prepared wood board, the sturgeon skin and flesh surfaces are nailed well uniformly by a nail gun, and the sturgeon skin and flesh surfaces are dried in a drying room or naturally dried in the shade, so that the natural drying effect is better.
10) Polishing leather surface
Equipment, professional leather polishing machine
The operation is that the sturgeon skin is supported by a wood plate, the sturgeon skin is evenly polished according to the distribution of the bone plate, the prepared Russian sturgeon skin leather is as shown in figure 1, the tanned Russian sturgeon skin leather is soft and plump, and the bone plate is intact; the prepared Russian sturgeon leather has a high quality rate of over 90 percent by adopting a brand-new environment-friendly chromium-free tanning process, and the yield greatly exceeds 30 percent of the yield of the traditional tanning method.
Claims (1)
1. A processing method of Russian sturgeon skin leather comprises the following steps:
selecting 10-20 kg of sturgeon skin salt wet skin of the Russian sturgeon;
1) soaking in water for pre-degreasing
(1) Fully washing sturgeon skin at the water temperature of 18-22 ℃, and weighing after washing;
(2) weighing 300% of 200-water, 1-1.5% of water-soaking agent, 0.5-1% of bactericide and 1-1.5% of degreasing agent in the weight of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step (1);
(3) putting prepared sturgeon skin and water into a rotary drum, keeping the water temperature at 20-22 ℃, then adding a soaking agent, a bactericide and a degreasing agent, rotating the rotary drum for 10-20 minutes, stopping for 40-50 minutes, and rotating the rotary drum for 2-4 revolutions per minute for 12-24 hours from the time of feeding to the time of finishing the rotation of the rotary drum;
2) mechanical degreasing
The skin of the steeped Russian sturgeon is faced upwards, fins are removed, and fish and fat are removed by a steel wire brush or a nylon brush;
3) liming and degreasing
(1) Step 2), weighing sturgeon skin obtained after mechanical degreasing;
(2) weighing sodium sulfide which accounts for 2-2.5% of the weight of the sturgeon skin in the step 3) (1), wherein the sodium sulfide is sodium sulfide particles, the effective content of the sodium sulfide particles is 50-70%, 8-10% of lime, 0.5-1% of liming auxiliary agent, 1-2% of degreasing agent and 300-400% of water;
(3) putting water and sturgeon skin into a rotary drum, adjusting the water temperature to 22-24 ℃, adding a sodium sulfide solution and a degreasing agent which are dissolved in water, and rotating for 50-70 minutes at a speed of 1-2 revolutions per minute; adding lime and liming auxiliary agent, rotating for 5-15 minutes, stopping for 40-60 minutes, rotating the rotary drum for 1-2 revolutions per minute, and totally taking 24-36 hours from the time of feeding to the time of finishing the rotation of the rotary drum; after the step is completed, the sturgeon skin expands uniformly, the skin is firm, and the pH value of the sturgeon skin is greater than 12;
(4) washing, namely fully washing sturgeon skin with running water at the temperature of 18-22 ℃ in the rotary drum;
(5) mechanically removing meat and fat from the washed skin again, wherein the method is the same as the step 2);
4) deashing and degreasing
(1) Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 3);
(2) weighing 1.5-2% of ammonium sulfate, 1.5-2% of degreasing agent, 0.5-1% of deliming agent and 100% of water in the weight of the sturgeon skin in the step 4) (1);
(3) adjusting the water temperature, adding sturgeon skin, sequentially adding ammonium sulfate, deliming agent and degreasing agent, keeping the water temperature at 31-34 ℃, and rotating for 1-2h at 1-2 r/min; phenolphthalein indicators show cuts 1/5-1/6 showing a red heart, indicating that deliming is in place;
(4) washing, namely fully washing sturgeon skin in the rotary drum at 30-37 ℃;
5) pickling and degreasing
(1) Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 4);
(2) weighing 150% of water, 16-20% of salt, 1-1.5% of acetic acid, 1.5-2% of concentrated sulfuric acid and 1.5-2% of nonionic degreasing agent in the weight ratio of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step 5) (1);
(3) adjusting the water temperature, adding sturgeon skin, adding salt and a nonionic degreasing agent, keeping the water temperature at 21-23 ℃, rotating the drum for 1-2 revolutions per minute for 5-15 minutes; then adding diluted acetic acid, and rotating for 1-2 r/min and 20-40 min; then, adding diluted concentrated sulfuric acid 3-4 times in average, rotating for 20-40 minutes each time at the rotating speed of 1-2 revolutions per minute, and then stopping the drum and standing; the total time from the feeding start to the standing end is 24-36 h; after the step is finished, the leather surface is astringent, the leather body is flexible and compact, and the pH value of the solution is 2.5;
(4) degreasing, namely taking the sturgeon skin out in a sour skin state, removing solid fat on a dried panel again in the same way as the step 2), weighing the sturgeon skin, and putting the sturgeon skin into the original pickling solution;
6) tanning and degreasing
(1) Weighing 2-3% of modified glutaraldehyde, 1-1.5% of aluminum tanning agent, 8-10% of white tannin extract, 1-1.5% of sodium formate, 2-2.5% of baking soda and 1-1.5% of mildew preventive by weight of the sturgeon skin obtained in the step 5);
(2) tanning
Tanning is carried out in the original pickle liquor, the water temperature is kept at 20-24 ℃, diluted modified glutaraldehyde is added, and the tanning is rotated for 1-2 hours at 1-2 revolutions per minute; adding aluminum tanning agent, and rotating for 1-2h at a speed of 1-2 r/min; adding white tannin and tannin extract, and rotating for 4-5h at a speed of 1-2 rpm; stopping the drum and standing for 18-24 hours from the beginning of feeding to the end of standing; adding sodium formate and mildew preventive, and rotating for 1-2h at a speed of 1-2 r/min; then adding diluted baking soda, wherein the baking soda is added for 8 times averagely, and each time is rotated for 30-50 minutes and 1-2 revolutions per minute; when the pH value of the solution is detected to be 4.0, continuing to rotate for 1-2h for 1-2 r/min; then, the water temperature is increased to 40 ℃, and the water temperature is kept at 1-2 r/min for 1-2 h; detecting the shrinkage temperature of the sturgeon leather by boiling water to be more than 80 ℃, stopping the drum and standing, wherein the time from feeding to standing is 18-24 hours; then rotating for 1-2h at 1-2 r/min, and then cleaning in a normal-temperature flowing water drum and discharging the drum;
(3) degreasing
Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 6) and the step 2); weighing water accounting for 300% of 200 plus of the weight of the sturgeon skin and a high-temperature resistant non-ionic degreasing agent accounting for 3-4%; putting sturgeon skin, water and the high-temperature-resistant non-ionic degreasing agent into a rotary drum, keeping the water temperature at 55-65 ℃ and rotating for 8-10 hours at 1-2 r/min, then washing the sturgeon skin by running water at normal temperature in the rotary drum, and discharging the sturgeon skin, water and high-temperature-resistant non-ionic degreasing agent to control water purification;
7) retanning
(1) Weighing the sturgeon skin treated in the step 6);
(2) weighing 0.3-0.6% of formic acid, 1-2% of modified glutaraldehyde, 2-4% of acrylic acid retanning agent, 4-8% of white tannin, 2-4% of anionic fatliquor, 0.5-1% of baking soda and 100-200% of water in the weight of the sturgeon skin in the step 7);
(3) putting prepared sturgeon skin and water into a rotary drum, adjusting the temperature to 40-44 ℃, rotating the rotary drum, adding diluted formic acid, rotating for 1-2h, adding diluted modified glutaraldehyde, and rotating for 1-2 h; adding white tannin to convert for 1-2 h; adding acrylic acid retanning agent and anion fatting agent, and rotating for 1-2 h; stopping the drum and standing, wherein the total time from the feeding to the standing is 18-24 hours; then evenly dividing the mixture into 3-4 times, adding the diluted baking soda, rotating for 30-50 minutes each time, stopping the drum and standing, wherein the total time from the beginning of baking soda feeding to the end of standing is 18-24 hours; standing, rotating for 1-2h at the rotating speed of 1-2 r/min, washing with water at 37-40 ℃ in a rotary drum when the pH value of the solution is detected to be 4.0, controlling the water to be purified, and immediately performing the next operation, wherein the sturgeon skin does not bulge;
8) neutralization
(1) Weighing 200% of water and 2-4% of neutralization tannin in the weight of 100-;
(2) adding water into the rotary drum, adjusting the temperature to 40-44 ℃, adding the neutralized tannin, and rotating for 1-2 h; adding sodium formate, and rotating for 1-2 h; adding the diluted baking soda in 3-4 times, and rotating for 30-50 minutes each time; the rotating speed of the rotary drum is 4-6 r/min, and the pH value of the end solution is detected to be 5.0-6.0; then, fully cleaning the inside of the rotary drum with hot water at 50-60 ℃, and discharging and controlling purified water;
9) nail plate drying
10) And (5) polishing the leather surface.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102199676A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-09-28 | 王学川 | Sturgeon skin chrome tanning leather production process |
| CN103215391A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-07-24 | 何裕华 | Non-chromium leather tanning method |
| CN105132596A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-12-09 | 兴业皮革科技股份有限公司 | Production technology of cow skin nappa leather |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102199676A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-09-28 | 王学川 | Sturgeon skin chrome tanning leather production process |
| CN103215391A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-07-24 | 何裕华 | Non-chromium leather tanning method |
| CN105132596A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-12-09 | 兴业皮革科技股份有限公司 | Production technology of cow skin nappa leather |
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