CN103290149A - Process for making goat upper leather - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a process for making goat upper leather. The process specifically comprises the following flows in sequence: soaking, fleshing, painting with lime, dehairing, liming, deliming, softening, pickling, tanning, blue rawhide lot grouping, wringing, shaving, re-tanning and dyeing, secondary wringing, vacuumizing, hang airing, water returning, vibrating staking, setting out, toggling, trimming, buffing and finishing. The process has the beneficial effects that proper and moderate liming aids are selected to promote the limed hide to swell moderately, so that the tear strength of the hide is improved, the growth lines and back lines of the rawhide are completely unfolded and the grain side is flat and fine, thus increasing the leather yield; and the location difference of the hide body is reduced, the plumpness of the whole hide is improved and the hide body can be moistened.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft.
Background technology:
China is maximum footwear producing country, export State and country of consumption of the whole world, quantitatively occupies first place, the whole world, but compares with shoemaking poweies such as Italy, France, also has very big gap on the research and development of footwear material, product design, product performance and quality scale.The quality scale of footwear is the comprehensive embodiment of product design, durability, snugness of fit, safety performance and ecological, environmental protective performance etc.
Upper leather is to make the starting material that shoes are used, and on the surface that makes shoes, the raw material of upper leather is a lot, and the corium upper leather is arranged, PU upper leather, PVC upper leather etc.The corium upper leather generally has ox-hide, sheepskin, pigskin, also has horse skin, snakeskin etc.The leather shoes of high-grade goat upper leather processing that employing has kishke feel, quality is soft, comfortable and easy to wear, sanitation performance is good more and more are subjected to consumers in general's favor.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention aims to provide a kind of goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft, makes the goat upper leather for shoes after handling be suitable for the making of high-grade vamp more.
Concrete technical process is followed successively by: immersion, fleshing, bag ash, depilation, liming, deliming, softening, pickling, tanning, blue skin group are criticized, water squeezing, shaving, mix that dyeing, secondary water squeezing, vacuum, extension are dried in the air again, backwater, soft, the stretching, extension of shaking, toggling, deburring, buffing, covering with paint;
Wherein, immersion: be material with domestic Hankow road goatskin, with the water of 300 times of tare weights of 18-22 ℃, 3-4 rev/min of immersion equipment rotating speed; Time 18-22 hour; Add sanitas and immersion auxiliary agent, rotated 1 hour, stopped 1 hour, whenever stop rotation in 1 hour 5-10 minute later on, total rotation time went out the preceding rotation continuously of drum 15 minutes at 3 hours;
Fleshing: remove subcutis with fleshing machine;
Bag ash: the solution that technical pure sodium sulphite is made into 15-50g/L adds lime furnishing 15-30Be ' paste, evenly spreads upon on the flesh noodles that returns to fresh hide attitude skin, and flesh to flesh is piled up height to the 40cm, stacks to hair root loosening at 18-22 ℃;
The depilation: by hand on the foreskin version or push away mao machine push away one by one the hair lose hair or feathers;
Water squeezing: with group batch good skin smooth pass through wringing machine;
Shaving: fall rotary drum with the skin after the water squeezing through overdrying and add careless chaff and rotate to go out drum in 10 minutes and take mean longitude and cross shaving machine the oil film of flesh noodles is reamed uniformly;
The secondary water squeezing: the skin that retanning is dyeed pushes the skin extended flat by the transmission rod axle of wringing machine and the rotation of felt axle, and moisture is evenly extruded;
Vacuum: with the vacuum machine skin being dried to water content is 48-52%;
Extension dries in the air: utilize 40 ℃ of baking ovens to continue skin is dried to the water content of 5%-10%;
Backwater: adopt reverse side oil return method, natural oil, permeate agent, water carry out proportioning, backwater 10h;
Cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.: with synthetic wax and synthetic oil, form the state that oily wax molecule wraps up the grain fiber at grain layer earlier, high light compositing wax is made top layer, and polishing is plated.
As a kind of improvement, the concrete parameter of described liming is: transfer liquor ratio: 1:250; Interior temperature: 18-22 ℃; Time: 18h; Material: the lime putty consumption is 10% of tare weight, and enzyme-added auxiliary liming agent consumption is the 0.5%-0.8% of tare weight; Operate as follows: throw skin and mix up liquor ratio and temperature, add lime putty and stir consoluet auxiliary liming agent with 35-45 ℃ of hot water in advance, rotated 40 fens, stopped 1 hour, whenever stopped later on 1 hour, changeed 5 minutes, total rotation time is 3 hours; Before finishing liming, rotated continuously 20-30 minute.
As further improvement: described deliming: concrete parameter is: liquor ratio: 1:200; Interior temperature: 25 ℃; Time: 40 minutes; Chemical materials: consumption is that the ammonium sulfate of tare weight 1.5%, concentration that consumption is tare weight 0.5% are that 36% hydrochloric acid, consumption are the grease-removing agent of tare weight 0.5%; Step: mix up liquor ratio and Nei Wen, add ammonium sulfate and grease-removing agent, changeed 10 minutes, added the cooled hydrochloric acid of dilution then at twice at interval in 5 minutes; Go out drum at last and check that the cervical incision phenolphthalein indicator leaves 1/4 red heart as terminal point.
As further improvement, described softening: concrete operations are as follows: liquor ratio: 1:100; Interior temperature: 36-37 ℃; Time: 30 minutes-40 minutes; Chemical materials: press tare weight: ammonium sulfate 0.5%, pancreatin (25 times) 0.3%, 1398 proteolytic enzyme (50,000 units/g) 0.1%, penetrating agent JFC 0.3%; Mix up liquor ratio, interior temperature, add requiredization material; Softening to PH=7.9-8.1.
As further improvement, described pickling: operate as follows: liquor ratio 1-100; Interior temperature: 18-22 ℃; Time: 180 minutes; Chemical materials: formic acid (concentration 85%) 1.0%, sulfuric acid (concentration 96%) 0.5%, salt 7%; Mix up liquor ratio, interior temperature, respectively with 18-22 ℃ water of 20 times of sour weight with formic acid and Dilution of sulphuric acid and be cooled to normal temperature; Changeed 5 minutes with salt earlier, adding formic acid changeed 30 fens, divided three times from drum axle sky and slowly added sulfuric acid, each 10 minutes at interval, change again and stopped in 30 minutes 30 minutes, whenever stop to change in 30 minutes 5 minutes later on to checking that the tetrabromo-mcresolsulfonphthalein cervical incision is yellow entirely, solution PH is 2.7-2.9, changes the tanning operation over to.
As further improvement, described tanning: adopted few bath chromic tanning, concrete operations are as follows: remove pickling liquid 1/2, adding cationic surface oil changeed 30 minutes, the chromium powder that adds tare weight 6%, low basicity B=33%, change 120 minutes to surveying Ts〉85, add 60 ℃ of 100 times of water change 60 minutes to interior temperature be 38 ℃, adding 1% sodium-acetate changeed 30 fens, sodium bicarbonate with 1% is good with 20 times of water dissolution, evenly be divided into 5 parts, slowly added 1 part from axis hole every 20 minutes, after adding the 3rd part, should check pH value, if pH value=3.9, then Yu Xia saleratus liquid no longer adds; If less than 3.9, continue to add saleratus liquid, reach 3.9 until PH, and then changeed 60 minutes; Add the water of 50 ℃ of water temperatures to 38 ℃ of interior temperature, the owse pH value is stabilized in 3.9-4.0, changes 60 minutes, stops drum 10h; Rotated 30 minutes, and checked PH 3.8,38 ℃ of interior temperature, Ts〉95, leather is blue-greenish colour, and draining is poured out to take and is changed next procedure over to flat 1 week of ageing.
As further improvement, described retanning dyeing refers to blue skin after shaving is weighed, and makes the foundation of weighing of chemical materials according to weight, and step is as follows:
(1) pickling: mix up 40 ℃ of 1:200 liquor ratio water and add permeate agent, oxalic acid commentaries on classics draining in 40 fens washing, extremely the PH of blue skin is 3.4-3.6;
(2) retanning: renew body lotion, mix up the water of 36 ℃ of 150 times of tare weights, the moist acidproof oil in surface that adds tare weight 1% changeed 15 minutes, the chromium aluminium synthetic tanning agent that adds tare weight 2% changeed 30 fens, the chromium powder commentaries on classics that adds tare weight 4% added sodium formiate in 60 minutes then to be changeed 20 minutes, gradation adds sodium bicarbonate changes 60 minutes slowly lifting pH values, and making pH value is 3.9-4.0, and the both sexes vinylformic acid that adds tare weight 1% changeed 30 minutes; Mend one times of commentaries on classics of 40 ℃ of water at last and stopped drum 10h in 10 minutes, it is clean to change draining in 10 minutes washing at last;
(3) neutralization: slowly promote pH value with tannin in the application, then improve PH to 5.1-5.3 with sodium bicarbonate;
(4) fill: in the blue skin of becoming reconciled through fully washing, renew to bathe and add the small molecules acrylate resin tanning agent and rotated 30 fens, add grease, then add and disperse tanning agent, tannin extract, resin extender changeed 60 fens, then added dyestuff and rotated 30 fens, then was warming up to 45 ℃ and added formic acid and change 30 fens to PH4.0;
(5) stuffing: in new body lotion, adding vegetable protein earlier changeed 20 minutes, and the fatting agent adding was rotated 40 minutes;
(6) surface oil: adding surperficial cation oil before going out drum changeed 20 minutes, and drum is washed out in draining.
Process choice of the present invention is appropriate, and an amount of auxiliary liming agent impels the expansion of grey pelt appropriateness, has improved the tear strength of skin, and the growth line of raw material skin, ridge line are opened fully, and grain is flat thin, has increased yield of leather; The position of having reduced the skin body is poor, has improved the fullness ratio of whole skin, and the skin body is moistened; In the scytoblastema arrangement process, make the grain consolidation of skin, the uniformity coefficient of whole skin, pliability unanimity, the optimization of covering with paint style has reduced production cost, more natural, environmental protection.
Embodiment:
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft, the concrete operations flow process is as follows:
Fur: be preferred material with domestic Hankow road goatskin, this dermatotome is abundant, and is plump, is with flesh pink in the Huang, and grain is flat thin.
Immersion: purpose is to make the moisture of raw material skin return back to the fresh hide attitude, removes the inorganic and organic dirts such as silt, blood stains, salt and sanitas on the hide, removes intracutaneous part solubility non-fibrous protein and lays the first stone for infiltration and the effect of the material of operation afterwards.With the water between 18-22 ℃, 300 times of tare weights of liquor ratio, rotating speed 3-4 rev/min; Time 18-22 hour; Add an amount of sanitas and immersion auxiliary agent, throw skin and transfer liquor ratio and temperature to prescribed value, rotated 1 hour, stopped 1 hour, and whenever stopped later on to rotate 5-10 minute in 1 hour, total rotation time was at 3 hours, prevent that mechanical effect from crossing strong hide and elongating, stop drum 10h, rotated 15 minutes continuously before going out drum
Fleshing: eliminate subcutis with fleshing machine, can not be with the dermatotome skiving, cut wound etc.
Bag ash: so-called bag ash, use required sodium sulphite water-soluble exactly, add lime furnishing pasty state, by hand or be coated with the unhairing paste machine and reach in the flesh noodles of skin and clear up hair root sheath, hair root and ball top and lose hair or feathers or reduces the poor a kind of operation in position of skin.Its specific practice is that the solution that technical pure sodium sulphite is made into 15-50g/L is added lime furnishing 15-30Be ' paste, evenly spread upon on the flesh noodles that returns to fresh hide attitude skin, flesh to flesh is piled up height to the 40cm, and (18-22 ℃) stacked to hair root loosening at normal temperatures.
Depilation: behind the bag ash by hand on the foreskin version or push away mao machine and push away the purpose that hair reaches depilation and reclaims hair one by one.
Liming: liming is that depilation pelt further processing in certain density liquor calcis reaches additional loosen collagen fibre, replenishes its expansion and waits the operation that acts on.The deficiency that expands when its purpose is to replenish depilation makes hide fiber obtain further to expand and disperse, and further removes the interfibrillar substance of intracutaneous and to strengthening the effect of spandex fiber, and, softness plentiful for obtaining and rubber-like leather are laid a solid foundation.Specific practice is as follows: transfer liquor ratio: 250 times; Interior temperature: 18-22; Time: 18h; Material: lime putty 10%, enzyme-added immersion auxiliary agent 0.5%-0.8%; Operation: throw skin and mix up liquor ratio and temperature, add required emplaster and stir consoluet auxiliary liming agent down with about 40 ℃ sufficient hot water in advance, rotated 40 fens, stopped 1 hour, whenever stopped later on 1 hour, change 5 minutes to the specified time.Total rotation time is 3 hours, finish liming before, rotated continuously 20-30 minute, check, connect down operation after reaching requirement.
Deliming: deliming is named dealkalize again, removes a kind of operation of intracutaneous lime (alkali) exactly under certain conditions with acid.Its purpose: free alkali and the combined alkali of removing intracutaneous, the expansion of basically eliminate skin, degraded product, hair root, part noncollagen protein and the scurf etc. of further removing the lime-preserved egg bletilla lipid that remains between the materials with hide glue fibril bundle influence the material of finished leather performance, dredge interfibrous space, be beneficial to infiltration and the effect of back operation chemical materials; Reduce the pH value (being down to about 8 from 12) of alkali (ash) skin, be giving security smoothly of back operations such as softening, pickling.Deliming is auxilliary with the washing deliming, and the deliming agent deliming is main.Concrete operations are as follows: liquor ratio: 200; Interior temperature: 25 ℃; Time: 40 minutes; Chemical materials: ammonium sulfate 1.5% hydrochloric acid (36%) 0.5% grease-removing agent 0.5%; Step: mix up also than in interior temperature, add required ammonium sulfate and grease-removing agent, changeed 10 minutes, added the cooled hydrochloric acid of dilution then at twice at interval in 5 minutes.Go out drum at last and check that the cervical incision phenolphthalein indicator leaves 1/4 red heart as terminal point.
Softening: this step refers to handle the deliming pelt with biological enzyme formulation under certain condition, makes the better a kind of operations of wholesomeness such as more soft behind the pelt finished leather, the more flat thin sense organ of grain and ventilation property, and this step is called the enzyme bating operation again, the abbreviation enzyme bating.Its objective is and remove the outer degradation products such as pigment, hair root, hair root sheath, epidermis, grease and scurf of intracutaneous, remnants such as non-fibrous protein and part collagen degradation thing are beneficial to infiltration and the combination of materials such as tanning agent, guarantee performances such as the flexibility of finished leather and fullness; The effects of muscle tissue in the skin weave construction such as weaken flexibility fiber, bundle hair flesh are with the extensibility of taking care of yourself finished leather, flat thin property and the flexibility of the inside; Further disperse materials with hide glue fibril, make finished leather have sanitation performances such as air permeability and good and permeability to water vapour; Eliminate the expansion of pelt fully, be the pickling ready for operation.Concrete operations are as follows: liquor ratio: 100%; Interior temperature: 36-37 ℃; Time: 30 minutes-40 minutes; Chemical materials: ammonium sulfate 0.5%, pancreatin (25 times) 0.3%, 1398 proteolytic enzyme (50,000 units/g) 0.1%, penetrating agent JFC 0.3%; Mix up temperature in the liquor ratio, add requiredization material, turn to the rotation time that conforms to quality requirements; The softening end about PH=8.0, grain is flat thin, after soft the no hard-core finger of skin body presses grain, should stay and refers to the trace seal clearly, and the skin body is solid for well, but as if not reaching requirement time expand, finally reaches requirement for well.
Pickling: the operation that is the pelt after softening with acid and neutral salt wiring solution-forming processing by a certain percentage becomes the pickling operation, is called for short pickling.Its objective is: reduce the pH value of pelt, make it close with chrome tanning liquid pH value, prevent from that the surface from crossing to tan, guarantee carrying out smoothly of tanning; Further dispersion agent protofibril, the reactive behavior base of increase collagen is conducive to increase the combination of tanning agent molecule and collagen; Further remove the non-fibrous protein of intracutaneous and make the collagen partial dehydration, increase the space between collegen filament, be conducive to infiltration and the combination of tanning agent molecule; The hydroxyl of sealing collagen strengthens the electropositivity of collagen, and the combination that slows down tanning agent molecule and collagen is convenient to the tanning agent molecule and is permeated to intracutaneous, prevents that the surface mistake from tanning; Be convenient to preservation and the shaving of pelt.Operate as follows: liquor ratio 100; Interior temperature: 18 ℃-22 ℃; Time: 180 minutes; Chemical materials: formic acid (85%) 1.0%, sulfuric acid (96%) 0.5% salt 7%; Mix up temperature in the liquor ratio, respectively with 20 times of normal-temperature water of sour weight with formic acid and Dilution of sulphuric acid and be cooled to normal temperature.Changeed 5 minutes with salt earlier, adding formic acid changeed 30 fens, divided three times from drum axle sky and slowly added sulfuric acid, and each interval 10 minutes is changeed and stopped in 30 minutes 30 minutes, whenever stopped to change in 30 minutes 5 minutes later on to the specified time.Final inspection tetrabromo-mcresolsulfonphthalein cervical incision is yellow entirely, solution PH: about 2.8, change the tanning operation over to.
Tanning: we have adopted few bath chromic tanning this operation, and it belongs to a kind of of traditional chromic tanning.It is with former traditional tanning in pickling liquid, change over and in the pickling liquid of traditional chromic tanning, remove part pickling liquid (as 1/2), carry out a kind of tannage of chrome tanning again, be characterized in: the concentration that has improved chrome tanning liquid, accelerate tanning speed, shortened the production time; The tanning later stage still adopts and carries alkali, enlarges liquor ratio and intensification; Improve collagen to chrome uptake, improved the utilization ratio of chromium, reduced useless chrome liquor to the pollution of environment.Concrete operations are as follows: remove pickling liquid 1/2, adding cationic surface oil changeed 30 minutes, adding chromium powder (low basicity B=33%) 6% changes 120 minutes (survey Ts〉85), and adding 60 ℃ of 100 times of water changes 60 minutes (interior temperature=38 ℃), and adding 1% sodium-acetate changeed 30 fens, sodium bicarbonate with 1% is good with 20 times of water dissolution, evenly be divided into 5 parts, slowly added 1 part from axis hole every 20 minutes, after adding the 3rd part, should check pH value, if pH value=3.9, then Yu Xia saleratus liquid no longer adds; If less than 3.9, then according to circumstances, add remaining saleratus liquid, reach 3.9 until PH, and then changeed 60 minutes.Add the water of 50 ℃ of water temperatures to 38 ℃ of interior temperature, the owse pH value is stabilized in 3.9-4.0, changes 60 minutes, stops drum and spends the night.Rotated next day 30 minutes, and checked PH 3.8,38 ℃ of (interior temperature) Ts of temperature〉95 degree, leather is blue-greenish colour color even unanimity, leather body softness.Draining is poured out to take and is changed next procedure over to flat 1 week of ageing.
Blue skin group is criticized: according to the first transaction of a day's business size of blue skin, thickness, the degree of disability of grain, the thickness of grain etc. similar hide is formed and produced a batch operation sequence organizing production.The husky thickness moderate (shaving thickness 0.8MM) that adopts of the small stream of washing, grain is flat thin, opens a business and produces at the blue skin of (1 grade-3 grades) according to customer requirement (3SF-5SF) grade.Follow-up technology can be adjusted according to the state of the group batch blue skin in back, reaches consistent relatively finished product to reach different blue skin by adjusting process.So this operation that group is criticized is to provide the most basic assurance for the processing of high-quality finished product leather.
Water squeezing: with group batch good smooth this process of passing through wringing machine of skin, make the contained moisture of blue skin reach the state of the requirement (half-dried, moisture content is about 40%) of shaving.
Shaving: fall rotary drum with the skin after the water squeezing through overdrying and add careless chaff and rotate to go out drum in 10 minutes and take mean longitude and cross shaving machine the oil film of flesh noodles is reamed uniformly, thickness demand according to the client makes the thickness of hide reach the degree of uniformity, provide the basis to follow-up retanning dyeing, be convenient to retanning agent, fatting agent is combined with hide fiber fully, the position difference of skin is reduced, and color is more even, has improved utilization ratio and finished product class! Through the skin behind the water squeezing shaving consistent water content and uniform thickness are arranged, the meter recast of being convenient to follow-up retanning agent and dyestuff is an important parameters foundation.
Retanning dyeing: this operation plays very important effect in small stream sand is washed in manufacturing.Through the tanning at initial stage, the grain of blue skin is flat thin, body bone softness.Retanning dyeing is in the flat fineness that has guaranteed further to have strengthened on these advantages of blue skin grain, and the effect by retanning packing material and fatting agent makes it strengthen glossy sense, flexibility, the lifting on sense organ such as fullness ratio and the physical and chemical index; Blue wet pelt is in the middle of retanning, and at Hua Beilu, the blue skin of import etc., grain is thick, hard, carries out blue soft and soggyization, and further surface treatment makes the grain uniformity, reaches whole soft, plentiful, has enlarged raw-material popularity simultaneously.Retanning is carried alkali and is added 1～2% both sexes vinylformic acid latter stage, can fill effectively that to reduce the position poor, the raising fullness ratio.In the main stuffing, an amount of adding lanolin, cow hoof fat, increase the surface moisture feeling, anti-ly drag sense.
Concrete operations are as follows: blue skin is after shaving is weighed, do weighing according to (1) pickling of chemical materials according to weight: mix up 40 ℃ of 200 times of liquor ratio water and add an amount of permeate agent, oxalic acid commentaries on classics draining in 40 fens washing, purpose is to adjust the pH value (about PH=3.5) of blue skin, using permeate agent makes skin get back to vivid blue wet pelt state fast, remove the surface again and display the dirt that causes too for a long time because of blue skin, for fully being combined with hide fiber of follow-up composite tan fatting agent laid a good foundation with good infiltration.
(2) retanning: renew body lotion and mix up 36 ℃ of 150 times of liquor ratio water, the acidproof oil that the surface of adding 1% is moistened changeed 15 minutes, the chromium aluminium synthetic tanning agent of adding 2% changeed 30 fens, add chromium powder 4% commentaries on classics and added sodium formiate commentaries on classics 20 minutes in 60 minutes then, gradation adds sodium bicarbonate changes 60 minutes slowly lifting pH values, making pH value is 3.9-4.0, and checking skin this moment if belly inclined to one side pine in limit just adds 1% both sexes vinylformic acid changes that to improve the position in 30 minutes poor, the whole uniformity coefficient of lifting skin.Mend 100% commentaries on classics of 40 ℃ of water at last and stopped drum 10h in 10 minutes, it is clean to change draining in 10 minutes washing.
(3) neutralization: slowly promote pH value with tannin through in using, further open passage between fiber, then improve about PH to 5.2 with sodium bicarbonate, carry out the basis for the negatively charged ion retanning packing material of back, be conducive to the fully combination of weighting agent, fatting agent, dyestuff and hide fiber, infiltration.
(4) fill: in the blue skin of becoming reconciled through fully washing, renew to bathe and add small molecules acrylate resin tanning agent rotation 30 minutes, add a little grease, then add and disperse tanning agent, tannin extract, resin extenders etc. changeed 60 fens, then added dyestuff and rotated 30 fens, and the inspection skin heart is wanted imbue, then be warming up to 45 ℃ and add that formic acid is an amount of to change 30 fens to PH:4.0, fully fixing above material.The key in this step is to have used comprehensive retanning packing material, makes skin further promote fullness ratio, and the degree of packing is to provide an of paramount importance step on finished product integumentary sense organ and the physical application for making.
(5) stuffing: the small stream sand of washing has adopted unique stuffing prescription, in new body lotion, adding an amount of vegetable protein earlier changeed 20 minutes, cause loose side to prevent the effect that fatting agent is excessive, fatting agent adds rotation will check feel in 40 minutes, glossy degree, oil sense deficiency or the inclined to one side pine of limit abdomen all will be adopted required measure, an amount of increase grease or add an amount of selection weighting agent with the part of covering the shortage.
(6) surface oil: this step is drum final step before, and adding an amount of surperficial cation oil before going out drum changeed 20 minutes, and drum is washed out in draining, takes flat arrangement next day.Add surperficial cation oil in order to improve the electric charge on skin surface, fixedly front anionic materials and dyestuff make the grain on surface more moist, and the grain that is beneficial to pasting board in follow-up process of vacuum drying is flat thin, for follow-up covering with paint provides good basis.
The secondary water squeezing: the skin that retanning is dyeed goes out the first road finishing process behind the drum, the skin that has dyeed is pushed the skin extended flat by the transmission rod axle of wringing machine and the rotation of felt axle, moisture is evenly extruded, for even drying and the grain of vacuum are put down the place mat effect of carefully playing more.
Vacuum: the next process that the intact skin of water squeezing changes over to, the husky processing requirement of the small stream of washing is dried to the state of water content about 50 to skin with the vacuum machine, (parameter: 65 ℃ 1 minute 20 seconds); Can not be too dried, guarantee again the skin grain flat thin, can not be too wet.
Extension dries in the air: the skin after the vacuum also needs further dry, utilizes baking oven (40 ℃) to continue skin is dried to the water content of 5%-10%.Avoid too fast drying (temperature is wanted constant temperature 35-40 ℃) to cause that moisture short period of time wink-dry brings the skin body dried partially, hard partially.
Backwater: claiming the moisture regain operation again, is that dried skin is to the together excessive operation of dry finishing.The backwater of small stream sand of washing adopts reverse side oil return method, and natural oil, permeate agent, water carry out proportioning, and moisture regain is spent the night, and grease evenly absorbs.After the scytoblastema arrangement, the surface oil moisture feeling is strong, and body bone softness is loose side not, shakes soft operation together reasonable condition is provided for changing over to down.
It is soft to shake: generally be for natural leather, imitation leather, synthetic leather etc. in process of production draw soft operation, eliminate phenomenons such as the base leather board is hard, warpage, make the crust leather fiber loose soft, high resilience can improve final product quality effectively, increases yield of leather.
Stretch: cry again to do and stretch, stretching the same purpose with wet practice is the skin body to be carried out flat, for toggling is prepared, can improve final product quality effectively, the increase yield of leather.
Toggling: clamped the limit belly of leather before this with toggling, and suitably pulled at clip is fixed on the toggling, a plurality of clips carry out simultaneously, sheepskin generally carries out bark pocket by four people, can improve final product quality effectively, reduce the unit elongation of scytoblastema, increase yield of leather.
Deburring: the preparatory process before covering with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc., revise the unnecessary empty limit of limit portion, make scytoblastema more smooth, be convenient to buffing, unfairness this moment that is unlikely to leather causes the scytoblastema of grinding away.
Buffing: the preparatory process before covering with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc. by the mill flesh noodles, makes scytoblastema very smooth, operation sequences such as the spraying in being convenient to cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc., ironing, polishing.
Cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.: at grain layer synthetic wax and synthetic oil, form the state of oily wax molecule parcel grain fiber earlier, interfibrous frictional coefficient was reduced, skin body fiber-reactive increases, after having protected surface to prevent again in the polishing process skin corium be subjected to polishing damage, high light compositing wax is made top layer, and finished product was level and smooth, soft and moist after polishing was plated, and sampled pure; The polishing effect of unrestricted number of times, glossy vamp.
Classification: scytoblastema enters finished product skin state through having covered with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.This moment, skin will reach all requirements of client, adopted classification that the finished product skin is divided into 1 grade by wounded or disabled grade, utilization ratio then, and 2 grades, 3 grades.
Metering: the finished product skin enters footwear material market, last procedure of Shoes Factory.By leather measuring machine size is accurately stamped at the back side of finished product skin exactly, and then entered footwear material market.
Goat after above-mentioned steps is finished is imitated cowboy's line upper leather the key technical indexes:
Check conclusion: the equal accord with Q B/T 1873-2010 of above-mentioned test rating standard technique requirement.
Specific embodiment described herein only is that the present invention is illustrated.Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or replenish or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft is characterized in that concrete technical process is followed successively by: immersion, fleshing, bag ash, depilation, liming, deliming, softening, pickling, tanning, blue skin group are criticized, water squeezing, shaving, mix that dyeing, secondary water squeezing, vacuum, extension are dried in the air again, backwater, soft, the stretching, extension of shaking, toggling, deburring, buffing, covering with paint;
Wherein, immersion: be material with domestic Hankow road goatskin, with the water of 300 times of tare weights of 18-22 ℃, 3-4 rev/min of immersion equipment rotating speed; Time 18-22 hour; Add sanitas and immersion auxiliary agent, rotated 1 hour, stopped 1 hour, whenever stop rotation in 1 hour 5-10 minute later on, total rotation time went out the preceding rotation continuously of drum 15 minutes at 3 hours;
Fleshing: remove subcutis with fleshing machine;
Bag ash: the solution that technical pure sodium sulphite is made into 15-50g/L adds lime furnishing 15-30Be ' paste, evenly spreads upon on the flesh noodles that returns to fresh hide attitude skin, and flesh to flesh is piled up height to the 40cm, stacks to hair root loosening at 18-22 ℃;
The depilation: by hand on the foreskin version or push away mao machine push away one by one the hair lose hair or feathers;
Water squeezing: with group batch good skin smooth pass through wringing machine;
Shaving: fall rotary drum with the skin after the water squeezing through overdrying and add careless chaff and rotate to go out drum in 10 minutes and take mean longitude and cross shaving machine the oil film of flesh noodles is reamed uniformly;
The secondary water squeezing: the skin that retanning is dyeed pushes the skin extended flat by the transmission rod axle of wringing machine and the rotation of felt axle, and moisture is evenly extruded;
Vacuum: with the vacuum machine skin being dried to water content is 48-52%;
Extension dries in the air: utilize 40 ℃ of baking ovens to continue skin is dried to the water content of 5%-10%;
Backwater: adopt reverse side oil return method, natural oil, permeate agent, water carry out proportioning, backwater 10h;
Cover with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc.: with synthetic wax and synthetic oil, form the state that oily wax molecule wraps up the grain fiber at grain layer earlier, high light compositing wax is made top layer, and polishing is plated.
2. goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the concrete parameter of described liming is: transfer liquor ratio: 1:250; Interior temperature: 18-22 ℃; Time: 18h; Material: the lime putty consumption is 10% of tare weight, and enzyme-added auxiliary liming agent consumption is the 0.5%-0.8% of tare weight; Operate as follows: throw skin and mix up liquor ratio and temperature, add lime putty and stir consoluet auxiliary liming agent with 35-45 ℃ of hot water in advance, rotated 40 fens, stopped 1 hour, whenever stopped later on 1 hour, changeed 5 minutes, total rotation time is 3 hours; Before finishing liming, rotated continuously 20-30 minute.
3. goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described deliming: concrete parameter is: liquor ratio: 1:200; Interior temperature: 25 ℃; Time: 40 minutes; Chemical materials: consumption is that the ammonium sulfate of tare weight 1.5%, concentration that consumption is tare weight 0.5% are that 36% hydrochloric acid, consumption are the grease-removing agent of tare weight 0.5%; Step: mix up liquor ratio and Nei Wen, add ammonium sulfate and grease-removing agent, changeed 10 minutes, added the cooled hydrochloric acid of dilution then at twice at interval in 5 minutes; Go out drum at last and check that the cervical incision phenolphthalein indicator leaves 1/4 red heart as terminal point.
4. goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described softening: concrete operations are as follows: liquor ratio: 1:100; Interior temperature: 36-37 ℃; Time: 30 minutes-40 minutes; Chemical materials: press tare weight: ammonium sulfate 0.5%, pancreatin (25 times) 0.3%, 1398 proteolytic enzyme (50,000 units/g) 0.1%, penetrating agent JFC 0.3%; Mix up liquor ratio, interior temperature, add requiredization material; Softening to PH=7.9-8.1.
5. goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described pickling: operate as follows: liquor ratio 1-100; Interior temperature: 18-22 ℃; Time: 180 minutes; Chemical materials: formic acid (concentration 85%) 1.0%, sulfuric acid (concentration 96%) 0.5%, salt 7%; Mix up liquor ratio, interior temperature, respectively with 18-22 ℃ water of 20 times of sour weight with formic acid and Dilution of sulphuric acid and be cooled to normal temperature; Changeed 5 minutes with salt earlier, adding formic acid changeed 30 fens, divided three times from drum axle sky and slowly added sulfuric acid, each 10 minutes at interval, change again and stopped in 30 minutes 30 minutes, whenever stop to change in 30 minutes 5 minutes later on to checking that the tetrabromo-mcresolsulfonphthalein cervical incision is yellow entirely, solution PH is 2.7-2.9, changes the tanning operation over to.
6. goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described tanning: adopted few bath chromic tanning, concrete operations are as follows: remove pickling liquid 1/2, adding cationic surface oil changeed 30 minutes, the chromium powder that adds tare weight 6%, low basicity B=33% changes 120 minutes to surveying Ts〉85, add 60 ℃ of 100 times of water change 60 minutes to interior temperature be 38 ℃, adding 1% sodium-acetate changeed 30 fens, and the sodium bicarbonate with 1% is good with 20 times of water dissolution, evenly is divided into 5 parts, slowly added 1 part from axis hole every 20 minutes, should check pH value after adding the 3rd part, if pH value=3.9, then Yu Xia saleratus liquid no longer adds; If less than 3.9, continue to add saleratus liquid, reach 3.9 until PH, and then changeed 60 minutes; Add the water of 50 ℃ of water temperatures to 38 ℃ of interior temperature, the owse pH value is stabilized in 3.9-4.0, changes 60 minutes, stops drum 10h; Rotated 30 minutes, and checked PH 3.8,38 ℃ of interior temperature, Ts〉95, leather is blue-greenish colour, and draining is poured out to take and is changed next procedure over to flat 1 week of ageing.
7. goat upper leather for shoes manufacture craft according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described retanning dyeing refers to blue skin after shaving is weighed, and makes the foundation of weighing of chemical materials according to weight, and step is as follows:
(1) pickling: mix up 40 ℃ of 1:200 liquor ratio water and add permeate agent, oxalic acid commentaries on classics draining in 40 fens washing, extremely the PH of blue skin is 3.4-3.6;
(2) retanning: renew body lotion, mix up the water of 36 ℃ of 150 times of tare weights, the moist acidproof oil in surface that adds tare weight 1% changeed 15 minutes, the chromium aluminium synthetic tanning agent that adds tare weight 2% changeed 30 fens, the chromium powder commentaries on classics that adds tare weight 4% added sodium formiate in 60 minutes then to be changeed 20 minutes, gradation adds sodium bicarbonate changes 60 minutes slowly lifting pH values, and making pH value is 3.9-4.0, and the both sexes vinylformic acid that adds tare weight 1% changeed 30 minutes; Mend one times of commentaries on classics of 40 ℃ of water at last and stopped drum 10h in 10 minutes, it is clean to change draining in 10 minutes washing at last;
(3) neutralization: slowly promote pH value with tannin in the application, then improve PH to 5.1-5.3 with sodium bicarbonate;
(4) fill: in the blue skin of becoming reconciled through fully washing, renew to bathe and add the small molecules acrylate resin tanning agent and rotated 30 fens, add grease, then add and disperse tanning agent, tannin extract, resin extender changeed 60 fens, then added dyestuff and rotated 30 fens, then was warming up to 45 ℃ and added formic acid and change 30 fens to PH4.0;
(5) stuffing: in new body lotion, adding vegetable protein earlier changeed 20 minutes, and the fatting agent adding was rotated 40 minutes;
(6) surface oil: adding surperficial cation oil before going out drum changeed 20 minutes, and drum is washed out in draining.
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| CN104017918A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-03 | 宁友伦 | Multifunctional leather airing machine |
| CN104499319A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 广东菲安妮皮具股份有限公司 | Cow leather dyeing process |
| CN104774980A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-15 | 浙江金鑫皮革有限公司 | Goat instep leather manufacturing technology |
| CN104789714A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-22 | 浙江金鑫皮革有限公司 | Sheep shoe upper leather manufacturing process |
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