CN102144471A - Method for cutting and growing seedling of osmanthus trees - Google Patents
Method for cutting and growing seedling of osmanthus trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cutting and growing seedling of osmanthus trees, comprising the following steps of: selecting one-year-old growing branches of 8- to 20-aged osmanthus trees as cuttings, wherein each box of the seed beds is 10 cm long and 1.1m wide and the distance between two adjacent boxes is 0.5m; uniformly stirring 500 kg of fertile soil, 5 kg of 12% calcium superphosphate, 3 kg of 25% nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of clear fecal water in each box, sealing and fermenting, uniformly paving the fermented nutritious soil layer for 10 to 12 cm thick on the box surface, then paving 8-10 cm thick of yellow subsoil sieved by a screen with meshes of 5 mm, shearing the cuttings of the osmanthus trees into sections of 8-10 cm long, remaining one leaf on each branch, flatly shearing the top cut at a distance of 2-3 cm above the stalk, shearing the lower end aslant at 45 degrees and a distance of 0.2 mm below the petiole, dropping glue on the top cut of each cutting, soaking the lower cut in a rooting solution with prepared concentration, drilling holes with 7 cm in line spacing and 7 cm in row spacing, inserting the cutting in 2/3 of each hole, making the leaf directions uniform, lightly pressing the soil around the cuttings, covering films and sunshading for each box surface; and controlling humidness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vegetative propagation technique of plant, relate in particular to oleaceae plant sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method.
Background technology
The problem that the sweet osmanthus seedling is subject to that disease worm harm, survival rate are low in the sweet osmanthus normal cutting propagation, root system is undeveloped, the seedbed fertility is poor, growth rate is slow behind the cutting survival, the inventive method adopts the aggregate measures such as glue envelope of simple insect protected, diseases prevention and control plugged ear water evaporates that seedbed and plugged ear are handled, improved cuttage survival rate, seedling quality, and shortened growth cycle in the seedbed.This method is by the continuous 3 years test of 2008-2010, cuttage survival rate reaches more than 90%, well developed root system, solved that sweet osmanthus cuttage survival rate in the normal cutting propagation nursery is low, seedling quality is not high, growth cycle is long, poky problem, reduced production cost, and have that method of operating is easy, technology easily support hold, can improve advantages such as seedling quality, the emergence rate that improves the nursery and economic benefit, so in production, have bigger promotional value.The expanding propagation coefficient keeps good genetic character, the harm of insect pests.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method, late May is used current-year branch to mid-June, and lignification or semi-lignified branch are made plugged ear.
The cuttage soil that suits: yellow earth, yellowish soil that topsoil is fertile.
The cuttage elite stand is selected: 8-20 gives birth to and builds cause harm current growth row culture plugged ear on the colory elite stand of strong, anosis worm.
The preparation in nursery and making
The preparation in seedbed: leeward in sweet osmanthus cuttage selection in preceding about 40 days, on the sunny side, land readjustment, topsoil plumpness, the acidity that is beneficial to draining or subacidity yellow earth make ground, seedbed, seedbed, every railway carriage or compartment makes apart from the standard of 0.5m by long 10m, wide 1.1m, railway carriage or compartment, make seedbed quantity as required, even back composting is mixed at the railway carriage or compartment face of reserving with the clear liquid dung 100kg of topsoil loam 500kg+12% superphosphate 5kg+25% three elements agricultural composite fertilizer 3kg+ that chooses stone, foreign material in every standard railway carriage or compartment, with book film sealing and fermenting.
The making in seedbed: make the seedbed in previous week of cuttage.The seedbed is ploughed deeply seedbed soil one time before making, and about degree of depth 25cm, the soil that moisture-retaining capacity is strong makes tea tray formula seedbed, high railway carriage or compartment by long 10m, wide 1.1m, railway carriage or compartment apart from the metric system of 0.5m, and the railway carriage or compartment face is higher than the seedbed on the ridge, railway carriage or compartment; The soil of moisture-retaining capacity difference makes low tea tray formula seedbed, railway carriage or compartment by long 10m, wide 1.1m, railway carriage or compartment apart from the metric system of 0.5m, and the ridge, railway carriage or compartment is higher than the seedbed of railway carriage or compartment face 25c m.Production process is earlier by the rough seedbed in high railway carriage or compartment or low railway carriage or compartment, smooth railway carriage or compartment face on rough seedbed, the even land for growing field crops nutrition soil layer 10-12cm that ferments of tiling on the railway carriage or compartment face after smooth again, next is again the thick yellow earth cubsoil of crossing 5mm sieve sieve of tiling one deck 8-10cm on the nutrition soil that the railway carriage or compartment face tiles, yellow soil is a deep soil, from the new soil of farming layer depth.Treat its natural subsidence after completing.Permeable as before the good back cuttage of tiling, watering once.
The seedbed makes the back that finishes is excavated a wide 30cm, dark 50cm all around in the seedbed draining thorough cut, guarantees that draining is unimpeded, and accomplishing to meet heavy showers in the nursery can not ponding.
The preparation of transplanting a cutting
Transplant a cutting the clip time: fine or cloudy 6:00-9:00 in morning.
The clip of plugged ear: the branch of cutting from elite stand, select the branch of lignification or semi-lignified in time to be made into plugged ear, the long 8-10cm of plugged ear, stay top a slice leaf, the top clip is apart from blade 2-3mm straight snips, and following clip becomes miter angle tiltedly to cut from saving down 0.2mm with plugged ear, and scissors is sharp during the clip plugged ear, clip wants level and smooth up and down, and skin zone does not have a mao tooth.
The sealing and the binding of transplanting a cutting
The top clip in time drips and goes up glue on the plugged ear that clip is good, this glue be the market sell be used for adhesive paper glue, can form glued membrane after doing and play waterproof action, bundle after sealing, notice that glue will be with the whole good seals of the fresh clip in upper end, reduce the infringement of water evaporates and germ to wound, the plugged ear that in time will seal glue subsequently bundlees, concordant with lower port, 50 strain a bundles are convenient to counting, in time will bundles the cutting of getting well again and put into and convert the taking root liquid that makes, commercially available root-growing agent all can, prepare taking root liquid concentration on request according to the root-growing agent kind, concentration is pressed the explanation concentration of commodity root-growing agent, reach and to carry out cuttage after the soak time (soak time is decided because of root-growing agent kind and concentration, presses commodity operation instructions declared range and uses.
Cuttage
The sterilization in the preceding seedbed of cuttage and desinsection
Preceding 2 hours of cuttage, seedbed, every standard railway carriage or compartment must be in time more than week of natural subsidence, water on the basis of the water of revealing the exact details, with the efficient chlorine fluorine of 40% phoxim 60-90g+4.5% hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 15-30ml, + 80% fenaminosulf 40-60g, + 99% dislike mould clever 25-40g, convert water 150-200kg, evenly drench the railway carriage or compartment face that imposes on, main effect is a sterilized space of killing soil insect, purification and expansion nursery soil.
Cuttage
The equidistant punching of standard of on the seedbed, pressing line-spacing 10cm spacing in the rows 7cm with card punch earlier before the cuttage, again previous clip carried out sealing, binding, use the good plugged ear of root-growing agent immersion treatment, vertically insert in the hole that the railway carriage or compartment face accomplishes fluently, plugged ear embedded depth 2/3rds, notice that blade can not contact with earth, leaf to want one to, can not be overlapping between blade, refer to gently press plugged ear earth on every side with forefinger and mother after the cuttage degree of depth puts in place, it is contacted closely with plugged ear.
Cutting time should be avoided fine noon sun and be exposed to the sun the time, should be in the morning or carry out later at 4 in afternoon, and cloudy whole day can be carried out.
Cuttage finishes, and the back is timely sprays a clear water with sprayer to the seedbed.
Epiphragma and sunshade
Epiphragma covers a railway carriage or compartment and is advisable with the cuttage railway carriage or compartment that finishes.Earlier cuttage finish spray clear water the railway carriage or compartment face by spacing 70cm, vault to railway carriage or compartment face 40cm apart from using the bamboo chip arching, be covered with the agricultural preferably new book film of transparency again, press seal is in time carried out with earth in the edge, surrounding of epiphragma.As fine temperature when high, stay that two ends ventilate, cooling.
When sunshade such as area of nursery bed are little, can after finishing, the whole cuttages in nursery carry out.When treating that the seedbed epiphragma finishes, in time 2m eminence (this highly be convenient to the people be engaged in the operation of various farming inside) is built sunshade above the seedbed.Sunshade can be built or 70% sunshade net carries out sunshade with timber, bamboo and crops tangerine bar, as with the sunshade of crops tangerine bar the time, keep 30% light transmittance.The side solar radiation also will hide around the sunshade, in case will accomplish that sunshine can not the direct projection seedbed sooner or later.Building of sunshade frame must be firm, to be exposed to the elements.
Seedbed management
Temperature and Humidity Control is the important step of seedbed management, and the major control temperature in the shed is between 25 ℃-28 ℃; Relative air humidity is controlled at more than 90%.Be higher than 28 ℃ as temperature, it is aeration-cooling in time to take two auspicious book films off, and also can not falling as temperature will be in the cross-ventilation hole of with 21 meter long bamboo chips book film both sides being rolled in the middle of the seedbed about long 0.8 meter, a high 10-15cm; Humidity is not enough, will in time water during the lack of water of seedbed and supply.
Sunshade hours will be controlled at about 3 months, can remove sunshade when waiting not have more than 30 ℃ high temperature or growing 3 above fibrous roots.During sunshade, want the running check light transmittance, guarantee that light transmittance remains on about 30%.
After the cuttage every 3-4 days in early or take off the film ventilation evening once, the time was not less than 30 minutes, every standard railway carriage or compartment every 15 days with 40% phoxim 50g, + 4.5% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 20ml, + 80% fenaminosulf 50g, the mould clever 20g of+99% evil converts water 100kg pouring and executes once, gets final product for 2-3 time continuously.
In time remove weeds in field, a situation arises to check the disease worm, symptomatic treatment.
Behind the sweet osmanthus cutting survival, look the growth fertilizer requirement, executed one time 1% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10-15 days.
This technology has solved the multiple district of sick worm, Three Difficult Issues in the mountain area sweet osmanthus normal cutting propagation particularly: the one, solved many, movable ordinary, the faint sweet osmanthus cuttage seeding root systems of the multiple district of insect pest soil insect kind by soil insect destruction after, cause a part not reach earth, absorb withered less than moisture content; After being damaged, another part catches an illness and dead problem; The 2nd, solve the multiple district of soil-borne disease soil and be subjected to pathogen contamination serious, at the sweet osmanthus cuttage initial stage, be subject to the soil courses of infection and suffer from soil-borne disease, problem that survival rate is low.This law uses glue seal technology to avoid the infection of last clip, uses disinfectant to handle the problem of root infection; The 3rd, solved sweet osmanthus seedling conventional method cutting survival after, the poor ridge in seedbed, root system is undeveloped, fertilizer, the problem that growth rate is slow are taken off in growth; This cottage method is by aggregate measures such as seedbed insect protected, diseases prevention, end shop nutrition soil and plugged ear sealings.
Adopt the beneficial effect of present technique to solve low, the poky problem of cuttage survival rate that goes up of producing, shortened the growth cycle of sweet osmanthus in the nursery, improved seedling quality, reduced production cost, and have that method of operating is easy, technology easily support hold, can improve the advantages such as availability, emergence rate and economic benefit in nursery, so in production, have bigger promotional value.This method is by 2008 to 2010 tests in continuous 3 years, and the survival rate of cuttage after 6 months is more than 90%, and the longest main root reaches 15cm, and 80% seedling root is more than 5, and 1 year sweet osmanthus seedling quantity reaches that the garden requires accounts for 85%, and 1 year can bloom.
Embodiment
Sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method of the present invention, concrete embodiment has partly been done detailed explanation for routine operation in summary of the invention, and only partly description of contents is as follows to its innovation:
The selection of sweet osmanthus elite stand: 8-20 gives birth to, best in quality, the fragrance of flowers is strong, it is many to spend, the florescence is long, initial bloom stage early, bloom every year, the elite stand of no damage by disease and insect, robust growth, choose the branch of living then lignification or semi-lignified and make plugged ear;
Cutting time: late May-mid-June
The seedbed in nursery makes: preceding 40-50 days of sweet osmanthus cuttage, select leeward facing south, land readjustment, topsoil plumpness, well-drained acidity or subacidity loam are made ground, seedbed, the long 10m in seedbed, every railway carriage or compartment, wide 1.1m, railway carriage or compartment make apart from the standard of 0.5m, every standard railway carriage or compartment adds 12% superphosphate 5kg with topsoil loam 500kg and adds 25% n-p-k three elements composite fertilizer 3kg and add clearly liquid dung 100kg and pile up the railway carriage or compartment face after applied, uses the plastic film sealing and fermenting.
The seedbed is ploughed deeply nursery soil one time before making, plough deeply degree of depth 25cm, the soil that the power of preserving moisture is strong makes high van-type seedbed, be that the railway carriage or compartment face is higher than railway carriage or compartment stalk 25cm, the soil of the power of preserving moisture difference makes low van-type seedbed, be that the railway carriage or compartment face is higher than railway carriage or compartment stalk 25cm, the even nutrition soil layer 10-12cm that ferments of tiling on the railway carriage or compartment face after smooth, spread the yellow earth cubsoil that the thick 5mm sieve excessively of one deck 8-10cm sieved again on nutrition soil layer plane, treat its natural subsidence, before cuttage, watered once permeablely in 2-3 days, excavate a wide 30cm around the nursery lot, the draining thorough cut of dark 50cm is guaranteed the unobstructed not ponding of nursery internal drainage.
The clip of plugged ear is selected the branch of lignification or semi-lignified, and the plugged ear bar is cut into long 8-10cm, a slice leaf is stayed in every stem cutting tip of the spike, and the top clip is apart from blade handle base portion 2-3cm straight snips, and the 0.2mm miter angle was tiltedly cut under the lower end clip saved from petiole, clip wants level and smooth up and down, and skin zone does not have a mao tooth.
The sealing of plugged ear bar and binding, the top clip drips the commercially available glue that pastes sticking paper on the plugged ear bar that shears, tie up a bundle with 50, the plugged ear bar lower end clip that bundle is good is immersed in the taking root liquid for preparing concentration, determines by the concentration soak time scope that the range of goods operation instructions of different root-growing agents are stipulated.
The sterilization in the preceding seedbed of cuttage and desinsection
Preceding 2 hours of cuttage, seedbed, every standard railway carriage or compartment is in one week of the natural subsidence above time, water on the permeable basis and to add 4.5% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 20ml with 40% phoxim and add 80% fenaminosulf 50g and add 99% vicious clever 30g and convert water 150kg, evenly drench and impose on the railway carriage or compartment face, kill soil insect and soil disinfection is sterilized.
Cuttage, on the seedbed, press the equidistant punching of standard of line-spacing 10cm spacing in the rows 7cm with the cuttage card punch, again the plugged ear bar of handling well is vertically inserted in the hole that the railway carriage or compartment face accomplishes fluently, plugged ear is inserted the degree of depth 2/3 in the soil, blade does not contact with earth, and leaf is to towards a direction, and blade is not overlapping, refer to gently press plugged ear earth on every side with forefinger and mother after the cuttage degree of depth puts in place, it is closely contacted with plugged ear.
Epiphragma and sunshade
Inserted a railway carriage or compartment epiphragma one railway carriage or compartment, sprayed one time clear water, the railway carriage or compartment face is taken bow member with bamboo chip by spacing 70cm vault to the high 40cm of railway carriage or compartment face, covers new agricultural plastic film, uses soil compaction around the film, and the two ends of encircleing during fine high temperature are opened aeration-cooling.
Sunshade, seedbed top 2m height build that sunshade stays 30% light transmittance or with 70% commodity sunshade net.
Seedbed management
1, Temperature and Humidity Control: temperature in the shed is controlled at 25-28 ℃, relative air humidity is controlled at more than 90%, and temperature is higher than 28 ℃ and throws off the cross-ventilation hole that a high 10-15cm of long 0.8m rolled the film both sides by film bamboo bar aeration-cooling or that grow with 2 1m in the centre in seedbed in two ends.
2, sunshade hours control is 3 months.
3, taking off film every 3-4 days morning, evening after the cuttage ventilates once, time is no less than 30 minutes, and every standard railway carriage or compartment was converted water 100kg pouring every 15 days with the efficient vicious clever 20g of chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 20ml+80% fenaminosulf 50g+99% of 40% phoxim+4.5% and executed 1 time continuous 2-3 time.
4, after the sweet osmanthus cuttage seeding survives, executed one time 1% urea or 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10-15 days.
Claims (6)
1. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method, give birth to the branch of lignification or semi-lignified on the sweet osmanthus elite stand of the living good stalwartness of selection 8-20 then and make plugged ear, leeward land readjustment topsoil plumpness was on the sunny side selected in cuttage in preceding 40-50 days, good acidity of draining or subacidity loam are made ground, seedbed, it is characterized in that: the long 10cm in seedbed, every railway carriage or compartment, wide 1.1m, the railway carriage or compartment is the standard railway carriage or compartment apart from 0.5m, every railway carriage or compartment topsoil loam 500kg, add 12% superphosphate 5kg, add 25% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three element compound fertilizer 3kg adds clearly, and liquid dung 10kg accompanies even pushing away in the railway carriage or compartment face, use the plastic foil sealing and fermenting, before making, the seedbed ploughs deeply ground, seedbed soil, degree of depth 25cm, the soil that the power of preserving moisture is strong do high van-type seedbed, and promptly the railway carriage or compartment face is higher than the railway carriage or compartment stalk, the soil of the power of preserving moisture difference is done low van-type seedbed, be that the railway carriage or compartment stalk is higher than railway carriage or compartment face 25cm, the fermented-nutrition soil layer 10-12cm that evenly tiles on the face of railway carriage or compartment is again at the thick yellow earth cubsoil of crossing the 5mm sieve of shop, nutrition soil layer plane one deck 8-10cm, treat its natural subsidence, watered once permeable in 2-3 days before the cuttage; The ditch that begins to rehearse around the nursery, wide 30cm, dark 50cm; Sweet osmanthus plugged ear bar is cut into long 8-10cm, a slice leaf is stayed at every top, the top clip is apart from leaf stalk 2-3cm straight snips, the lower end is saved down from petiole, and 0.2mm tiltedly is cut into miter angle, it is level and smooth that clip is wanted, and the top clip drips glue on the plugged ear bar that shears, and ties up bundled, following clip is immersed in the taking root liquid for preparing concentration, soak time and the prescribed limit of concentration by different commodity root-growing agent operation instructions; Before the cuttage sterilized and desinsection in the seedbed; Press line-spacing 10cm spacing in the rows 7cm apart from punching on the seedbed, vertically insert in the face of railway carriage or compartment, plugged ear inserts in the soil 2/3, and leaf is to unanimity, and blade does not contact with earth, and insertion depth puts in place and gently presses the plugged ear ambient earth with forefinger and thumb, makes its tight contact; To railway carriage or compartment cover film and sunshade; Seedbed management is controlled humidity; Sunshade hours control; Diseases and pests controlling; Fertilising.
2. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the plugged ear bar upper end glue that clip dripped is the glue that commercially available stickup paper is used.
3. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sterilization in described seedbed and desinsection, cuttage 2 hours, seedbed, every standard railway carriage or compartment adds 4.5% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 15-30ml with 40% phoxim 60-90g and adds 80% fenaminosulf 50-60g and add 99% and dislike mould clever 25-40g and convert water 150-200kg and all drench in the railway carriage or compartment face.
4. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described railway carriage or compartment cover film and sunshade, the intact railway carriage or compartment of cuttage is an epiphragma, spray is once watered, and the railway carriage or compartment face is by spacing 70cm, and vault is taken bow member with bamboo chip to the high 40cm of railway carriage or compartment face, cover new agricultural plastic film, soil compaction around the film, when temperature was high, the two ends of arch were opened aeration-cooling; Seedbed top builds that sunshade stays 30% light transmittance or with 70% commodity sunshade net.
5. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seedbed Temperature and Humidity Control, temperature in the shed is controlled at 25-28 ℃, relative moisture is controlled at 90%, temperature is higher than 28 ℃ and throws off the two ends film, aeration-cooling or roll a long 0.8m in the middle of the seedbed, the cross-ventilation hole of high 10-15cm, sunshade hours control 3 months, taking off film every 3-4 days after the cuttage ventilates 1 time, every standard railway carriage or compartment was converted water 100kg pouring every 15 days with the efficient vicious clever 20g of chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 20ml+80% fenaminosulf 50g+99% of 40% phoxim+4.5% and was executed 2-3 time continuously more than 30 minutes time.
6. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fertilising, after the sweet osmanthus cuttage seeding survives, executed one time 1% urea or 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10-15 days.
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2010
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