CN107047035A - The narrow covering thread slight irrigation cultural method of cotton in Xinjiang mulch film - Google Patents
The narrow covering thread slight irrigation cultural method of cotton in Xinjiang mulch film Download PDFInfo
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- CN107047035A CN107047035A CN201710397969.0A CN201710397969A CN107047035A CN 107047035 A CN107047035 A CN 107047035A CN 201710397969 A CN201710397969 A CN 201710397969A CN 107047035 A CN107047035 A CN 107047035A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses the narrow covering thread slight irrigation cultural method of cotton in Xinjiang mulch film, comprise the following steps：1）Prepare 2 before broadcasting）Sowing 3）Lay pipeline 4）Intertillage 5）Pour water 6）Chemical regulation 7）Fertilising 8）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control 9）Pinch 10）Disleave 11）Harvest.Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention takes thread slight irrigation in irrigation, do not set drip irrigation zone, solving drip irrigation zone influences the problem of weeding machine, pass through the narrow covering of mulch film, thread micro irrigation technology, the special cultivation means such as the mechanical tillage and weeding number of times of increase, reach soil moisture conservation, temperature raising and the purpose of control weeds, so as to reduce narrow covering with ground sheeting reduction production risk, original 2.05m breadth replaces with three 30cm or 40cm narrow mulch film, narrow mulch film input amount is the 43.9~58.5% of plastic membrane input amount, to reduce PE mulch films, pollution of the drip irrigation zone to cotton field, reach the purpose of cotton field cleanly production in this regard, the target of the high-yield and high-efficiency of film-mulching cultivation is also achieved simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to the narrow covering thread slight irrigation cultivation side of cotton in Xinjiang mulch film
Method.
Background technology
The application of PE plastic film mulching cultivations turns into the key technology of Xinjiang agriculture, and PE covering with ground sheeting is being heated, preserved soil moisture
With suppress that there is remarkable effect in terms of weeds, still, it pollutes scabrous as one of current Xinjiang agriculture
Problem, but under the machine pick cotton pattern carried out now, the mulch film of 2.05m wide cuts, every mu of year puts into mulch film 5kg or so, reclaims tired
Function in terms of difficulty, the implementation narrow covering of mulch film, its Meteorological effect, suppression weeds is substantially reduced, and adds irrigation quantity, especially
Weeding is manually doubled, the production risk existed, under its existing production model, and drip irrigation zone is in the ranks covered with film, and weeding by machine is stranded
Difficulty, artificial shortage.
The content of the invention
There is provided the narrow covering of cotton in Xinjiang mulch film is thin aiming at above-mentioned defect of the prior art for the purpose of the present invention
Flow slight irrigation cultural method.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that provides of the present invention is：The narrow covering thread slight irrigation of cotton in Xinjiang mulch film
Cultural method, comprises the following steps：
1）Broadcast preceding preparation：
Prepare to be divided into seed preparation before broadcasting and soil prepares, seed preparation is to select high yield, high-quality, precocity, plant type compact, anti-fall
Volt, disease-resistant kind, and by the choosing of strict machine, cleanliness ＞ 98%；It is selection ground even that soil, which prepares, supplied according to ground branch pipe
Every hundred meters of drops of water distance exam are less than 20cm bar field, carry out whole layer placement of fertilizer, i.e., preceding stubble is before the autumn is turned over, and every mu is ploughed deeply application soil
Earth urea 10kg, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer 12kg, then fine site preparation prior to seeding, with reference to site preparation, per 666.7m2Removed with 120~150g
Careless agent trefanocide carries out soil treatment；
2）Sowing：
a）Sowing time and temperature：Sowing time is mid or late April, sowing temperature be the 10cm soil moistures it is stable 12 DEG C with
On, one, a cave, precision point sowing is slightly suppressed during sowing；
b）Depth of planting：Depth of planting is 2.5cm；
c）Soil moisture content：Take grab moisture sowing or it is dry broadcast it is wet go out sowing；
d）Plant is configured：Plant is configured to wait line-spacing 76cm, and the laying of narrow mulch film is synchronous with sowing, a width of 30cm of film web or
40cm, spacing in the rows 9.5cm, theoretical strain number are 9234 plants/666.7m2；
3）Lay pipeline：
Supervisor, branch pipe use assembling Φ 16 on original place drip irrigation system, branch pipe to lead directly to, the position led directly on branch pipe and plant
Alignment, leads directly to and above installs one section of soft tubule of Φ 16, the soft long 20cm of tubule, and soft tubule mouthful is tiltedly to shallow ridges in the ranks, and interlacing, which is set, leads directly to,
60~80m of distance of branch pipe；
4）Intertillage：
After planting, intertillage in time, breeding time machinery tillage and weeding 5~6 times opens shallow ridges, ditch depth 12 with reference to intertillage room machine of being expert at
~15cm；
5）Pour water：
Seeding stage pours water on a small quantity, and the head water irrigation period after emerging is by the end of May or at the beginning of 6 months, once to fill saturating, and water consumption is 480~
600m3/ ha, it is fixed according to soil moisture content thereafter, it is determined that drip time and the amount of dripping, irrigation in growing period 5~6 times, 15-20 days one
Irrigation frequency, the amount of dripping is 600~675m3/ha；Between do between it is wet, control moisture, after full blossom, slightly control water, stop compared with Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation
Water is early 4~5 days；
6）Chemical regulation：
Chemical regulation 3~4 times, plant height control regulates and controls after 80~100cm, florescence for emphasis；
7）Fertilising：
Breeding time topdresses, and every mu uses purity nitrogen 13.8kg, pure phosphorus 6kg, topdresses and is applied by the amount in each period with water droplet；What nitrogenous fertilizer was imposed
Totalizing method is：Seedling stage, flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, the nitrogen ratio of applying of bell phase are 2：2：2：1：1；The totalizing method of phosphate fertilizer
For：Seedling stage, flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, the nitrogen ratio of applying of bell phase are 1：1：2：2：1；With reference to chemical regulation, foliage-spray boron
Fertilizer 2 times, zinc 2 times；
8）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is respectively cotton bollworm control, cotton spider mites preventing and treating and cotton aphid control；Cotton bollworm control is trapped and killed into using physics
Worm, including frequency vibration lamp lure moth, poplar branch to be trapped and killed trapping and killing and planting trap strips；Cotton spider mites preventing and treating be sprayed in the occurrence injury phase it is following
Medicament：1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, sulphur deflocculant or Dicofol emulsion；Cotton aphid control is to use spot film control mode；Point
Piece is controlled, and is to kill aphid or 50% with 50% Azodrin, 50% phoxim, 40% flolimat, 40% aphid fourth of getting killed, 35% volt
Phosphamidon, the drop heart, stem brush or spot film spraying reach after index for control that large area is sprayed；
9）Pinch：
Pinched at the beginning of 7 months, strike-on top was completed before July 10, effective 8~9, fruit branch, boll per plant 9~10 is obtained；
10）Disleave：
Defoliant is selected：The disleave time is September 5~12, is within continuous at least more than 3 days fine day after selection spray；Defoliant is selected
Select：54% de- tells grand or 80% Thidiazuron wettable powder adding assistant；
11）Harvest：
After disleave when field disleave rate more than 90%, blow-of-cottons rate more than 95%, using mechanical harvesting.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The narrow covering thread slight irrigation cultural method of boundary cotton mulch film that the present invention is provided,
Thread slight irrigation is taken in irrigation, drip irrigation zone is not set, solving drip irrigation zone influences the problem of weeding machine, and narrow by mulch film is covered
The special cultivation means such as lid, thread micro irrigation technology, the mechanical tillage and weeding number of times of increase, reach soil moisture conservation, temperature raising and control weeds
Purpose, so as to reduce narrow covering with ground sheeting reduction production risk, original 2.05m breadth replaces with the narrow of three 30cm or 40cm
Mulch film, narrow mulch film input amount is the 43.9~58.5% of plastic membrane input amount, to reduce PE mulch films, drip irrigation zone to cotton field
Pollution, reaches the purpose of cotton field cleanly production in this regard, while also achieving the target of the high-yield and high-efficiency of film-mulching cultivation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
The narrow covering thread slight irrigation cultural method of cotton in Xinjiang mulch film, comprises the following steps：
1）Broadcast preceding preparation：
Prepare to be divided into seed preparation before broadcasting and soil prepares, seed preparation is to select high yield, high-quality, precocity, plant type compact, anti-fall
Volt, disease-resistant kind, and pass through strict machine cleanliness ﹥ 98%；Soil prepares to be every hundred meters of drops for selecting ground even, drop small
Less than 20cm bars field（The distance exam supplied water according to ground branch pipe）, whole layer placement of fertilizer is carried out, i.e., preceding stubble is before the autumn is turned over, and every mu is ploughed deeply
Be manured into soil urea 10kg, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer 12kg, then fine site preparation prior to seeding, with reference to site preparation, per 666.7m2With 120~
150g herbicide trifluralins carry out soil treatment；
2）Sowing：
a）Sowing time and temperature：Sowing time is mid or late April, sowing temperature be the 10cm soil moistures it is stable 12 DEG C with
On, one, a cave, precision point sowing is slightly suppressed during sowing；
b）Depth of planting：Depth of planting is 2.5cm；
c）Soil moisture content：Take grab moisture sowing or it is dry broadcast it is wet go out sowing；
d）Plant is configured：Plant is configured to wait line-spacing 76cm, and the laying of narrow mulch film is synchronous with sowing, a width of 30cm of film web or
40cm, spacing in the rows 9.5cm, theoretical strain number are 9234 plants/666.7m2；
3）Lay pipeline：
Supervisor, branch pipe use assembling Φ 16 on original place drip irrigation system, branch pipe to lead directly to, the position led directly on branch pipe and plant
Alignment, leads directly to and above installs one section of soft tubule of Φ 16, the soft long 20cm of tubule, and soft tubule mouthful is tiltedly to shallow ridges in the ranks, and interlacing, which is set, leads directly to,
60~80m of distance of branch pipe；
4）Intertillage：
After planting, intertillage in time, breeding time machinery tillage and weeding 5~6 times opens shallow ridges, ditch depth 12 with reference to intertillage room machine of being expert at
~15cm；
5）Pour water：
Seeding stage pours water on a small quantity, and the head water irrigation period after emerging is by the end of May or at the beginning of 6 months, once to fill saturating, water consumption is about 480
~600m3/ ha, it is fixed according to soil moisture content thereafter, it is determined that drip time and the amount of dripping, irrigation in growing period 5~6 times thereafter, typically
A 15-20 days irrigation frequencys, the amount of dripping is 600~675m3/ha；Between do between it is wet, control moisture, after full blossom, slightly control water,
Cut off the water early 4~5 days compared with Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation；
6）Chemical regulation：
Chemical regulation 3~4 times, plant height control regulates and controls after 80~100cm, florescence for emphasis；
7）Fertilising：
Breeding time topdresses, and every mu uses purity nitrogen 13.8kg, pure phosphorus 6kg, topdresses and is applied by the amount in each period with water droplet.What nitrogenous fertilizer was imposed
Totalizing method principle：Early stage is more, and the later stage is few, substantially：Seedling stage, flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, bell phase apply nitrogen ratio 2：2：
2：1：1；The totalizing method principle of phosphate fertilizer is that early stage is few, and the later stage is more, substantially：Seedling stage, flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, bell phase
Apply nitrogen ratio 1：1：2：2：1；With reference to chemical regulation, leaf-surface sprayed boric fertilizer 2 times, zinc 2 times.
8）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is respectively cotton bollworm control, cotton spider mites preventing and treating and cotton aphid control.Cotton bollworm control is trapped and killed into using physics
Worm, including frequency vibration lamp lure moth, poplar branch to be trapped and killed trapping and killing and planting trap strips；Cotton aphid control:Spot film occurs, a small amount of to occur, natural enemy
Control, does not take large area to spray.Spot film control, with 50% Azodrin, 50% phoxim, 40% flolimat, 40% get killed aphid fourth,
35% volt is killed the medicaments such as aphid, 50% phosphamidon, the method drop heart, stem brush or spot film spraying.Reach that large area is sprayed after index for control.And
When investigate mite feelings, carry out early stage spot film preventing and treating, control it to spread.Reach after index for control, selection large area spraying；Medicament and make
With：Following medicament is sprayed in the tetranychid occurrence injury phase：1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, also can use sulphur deflocculant, dicofol breast
Oil etc. is prevented and treated it.
9）Pinch：
Pinched at the beginning of 7 months, strike-on top was completed before July 10, effective 8~9, fruit branch, boll per plant 9~10 is obtained；
10）Disleave：
Defoliant is selected：The disleave time is September 5~12, is within continuous at least more than 3 days fine day after selection spray；Defoliant is selected
Select：54% de- tells grand or 80% Thidiazuron wettable powder（Rui Tuolong）Adding assistant, consumption is according to cotton variety, cotton field growing way and day
Gas situation selects consumption and disleave number of times.
11）Harvest：
After disleave when field disleave rate more than 90%, blow-of-cottons rate more than 95%, using mechanical harvesting.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (1)
1. the narrow covering thread slight irrigation cultural method of cotton in Xinjiang mulch film, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）Broadcast preceding preparation：
Prepare to be divided into seed preparation before broadcasting and soil prepares, seed preparation is to select high yield, high-quality, precocity, plant type compact, anti-fall
Volt, disease-resistant kind, and by the choosing of strict machine, cleanliness ＞ 98%；It is selection ground even that soil, which prepares, supplied according to ground branch pipe
Every hundred meters of drops of water distance exam are less than 20cm bar field, carry out whole layer placement of fertilizer, i.e., preceding stubble is before the autumn is turned over, and every mu is ploughed deeply application soil
Earth urea 10kg, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer 12kg, then fine site preparation prior to seeding, with reference to site preparation, per 666.7m2Removed with 120~150g
Careless agent trefanocide carries out soil treatment；
2）Sowing：
a）Sowing time and temperature：Sowing time is mid or late April, sowing temperature be the 10cm soil moistures it is stable 12 DEG C with
On, one, a cave, precision point sowing is slightly suppressed during sowing；
b）Depth of planting：Depth of planting is 2.5cm；
c）Soil moisture content：Take grab moisture sowing or it is dry broadcast it is wet go out sowing；
d）Plant is configured：Plant is configured to wait line-spacing 76cm, and the laying of narrow mulch film is synchronous with sowing, a width of 30cm of film web or
40cm, spacing in the rows 9.5cm, theoretical strain number are 9234 plants/666.7m2；
3）Lay pipeline：
Supervisor, branch pipe use assembling Φ 16 on original place drip irrigation system, branch pipe to lead directly to, the position led directly on branch pipe and plant
Alignment, leads directly to and above installs one section of soft tubule of Φ 16, the soft long 20cm of tubule, and soft tubule mouthful is tiltedly to shallow ridges in the ranks, and interlacing, which is set, leads directly to,
60~80m of distance of branch pipe；
4）Intertillage：
After planting, intertillage in time, breeding time machinery tillage and weeding 5~6 times opens shallow ridges, ditch depth 12 with reference to intertillage room machine of being expert at
~15cm；
5）Pour water：
Seeding stage pours water on a small quantity, and the head water irrigation period after emerging is by the end of May or at the beginning of 6 months, once to fill saturating, and water consumption is 480~
600m3/ ha, it is fixed according to soil moisture content thereafter, it is determined that drip time and the amount of dripping, irrigation in growing period 5~6 times, 15-20 days one
Irrigation frequency, the amount of dripping is 600~675m3/ha；Between do between it is wet, control moisture, after full blossom, slightly control water, stop compared with Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation
Water is early 4~5 days；
6）Chemical regulation：
Chemical regulation 3~4 times, plant height control regulates and controls after 80~100cm, florescence for emphasis；
7）Fertilising：
Breeding time topdresses, and every mu uses purity nitrogen 13.8kg, pure phosphorus 6kg, topdresses and is applied by the amount in each period with water droplet；What nitrogenous fertilizer was imposed
Totalizing method is：Seedling stage, flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, the nitrogen ratio of applying of bell phase are 2：2：2：1：1；The totalizing method of phosphate fertilizer
For：Seedling stage, flower bud phase, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, the nitrogen ratio of applying of bell phase are 1：1：2：2：1；With reference to chemical regulation, foliage-spray boron
Fertilizer 2 times, zinc 2 times；
8）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is respectively cotton bollworm control, cotton spider mites preventing and treating and cotton aphid control；Cotton bollworm control is trapped and killed into using physics
Worm, including frequency vibration lamp lure moth, poplar branch to be trapped and killed trapping and killing and planting trap strips；Cotton spider mites preventing and treating be sprayed in the occurrence injury phase it is following
Medicament：1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, sulphur deflocculant or Dicofol emulsion；Cotton aphid control is to use spot film control mode；Point
Piece is controlled, and is to kill aphid or 50% with 50% Azodrin, 50% phoxim, 40% flolimat, 40% aphid fourth of getting killed, 35% volt
Phosphamidon, the drop heart, stem brush or spot film spraying reach after index for control that large area is sprayed；
9）Pinch：
Pinched at the beginning of 7 months, strike-on top was completed before July 10, effective 8~9, fruit branch, boll per plant 9~10 is obtained；
10）Disleave：
Defoliant is selected：The disleave time is September 5~12, is within continuous at least more than 3 days fine day after selection spray；Defoliant is selected
Select：54% de- tells grand or 80% Thidiazuron wettable powder adding assistant；
11）Harvest：
After disleave when field disleave rate more than 90%, blow-of-cottons rate more than 95%, using mechanical harvesting.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109673454A (en) * | 2019-02-11 | 2019-04-26 | 石河子大学 | A kind of construction method of Stage of Cotton Under-Mulch-Drip Irrigation Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis model and application |
| CN110839501A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-28 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Whole-process quality control method for machine-harvested cotton |
| CN111528029A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-14 | 新疆生产建设兵团农业技术推广总站 | Method for preventing and removing broadleaf weeds in cotton field by applying pesticide through drip irrigation system |
| CN111955304A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-11-20 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | Cotton film-free cultivation method |
| CN115500231A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-12-23 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | High-efficiency seedling cultivation technology for cotton seedling emergence through dripping water |
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