CN101965779A - Method for semi-lignified twig cutting breeding of Aquilaria sinensis - Google Patents
Method for semi-lignified twig cutting breeding of Aquilaria sinensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for semi-lignified twig cutting breeding of Aquilaria sinensis, which comprises: collecting wide high-quality Aquilaria sinensis seeds, sowing the seeds for raising seedlings and building a cutting orchard with high-quality seedlings; in the following year, trimming the seedlings in the cutting orchard at the place which is more than or equal to 15 centimeters away from the ground, and applying 6-BA on the trimmed seeding stems for promoting the germination of twigs; collecting materials when the twigs grow to a semi-lignified state by cutting the twigs to 10 to 15 centimeters with three top leaves left and each leaf having 2/5 leaf area; cutting the cuttingwood with a flat cut, obliquely cutting the lower end of the cuttingwood at a position as close to leaf segment as possible; cleaning the cutting wood, disinfecting, plugging the lower part of the cutting wood into prepared plant growth regulator treatment solution, inserting the cutting wood into a medium, performing post-cuttage management and obtaining Aquilaria sinensis seedlings. The method is low in cost, ensures high survival rate, high seeding quality and quick propagation, relieves seed shortage situation, keeps the excellent hereditary characters of the high-quality trees, is easy to promote and has a promising development prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, belong to the plant asexual multiplication technology field.
Background technology
Buta-buta (Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg) is the Thymelaeceae eaglewood, the perennial torrid zone and subtropical evergreen arbor.Buta-buta is the distinctive precious medicinal plant of China, is the important plant resources that China produces agalloch eaglewood, is listed in national three-level protective plant in imminent danger, the wild protective plant of national secondary emphasis.In recent years, because low, insect pest of buta-buta natural propagation rate and artificial indiscriminate felling of trees etc. cause wild resource seriously deficient, the existing provinces and regions such as Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Taiwan that only sporadicly are distributed in.The wild select tree ripening rate of buta-buta is low, be difficult for to obtain a large amount of high quality seeds, and seed should not preserve, and easily devitalization makes that the process by sexual propagation operation and development forest plantation becomes slow and difficult.
By cottage propagation, can solve the not enough and big problem of genetic variation and genetic differentiation of seed, for preserving and open up new approach in whitewood's incense money-gifts to a temple and its monks source.Domestic, in the technical research of buta-buta cottage propagation report seldom, only forest-science academy, Yunnan Province and Hainan Province's woods Primary Study that section has carried out, the result shows that buta-buta can carry out cuttage, but rooting rate is very low, does not appear in the newspapers and it is goed deep into system research.In recent years, Tropical Foresty Inst., Chinese Academy of Foresty Sciences is under the subsidy of national Eleventh Five-Year Plan science and technology support project, on-the-spot investigation the forest-science academy, Yunnan Province, Hainan Province woods section some nursery stock distributors in one's power carries out buta-buta cuttage and seedling culture situation, carried out correlative study, delivered the research notes (influence of different plant growth regulator dialogue banksia rose cuttage root-takings, forestry scientific research, 2010,23 (2): 278～282), but still face rooting rate low, become seedling problem of low quality.Application number is 200810100568.5, name is called material therefor and cutting time in the national patent application of " cuttage and breeding method of Aquilaria sinensis " (whole year all can), through repeatedly repeatedly practising, its cuttage root-taking rate is lower, and the rooting rate difference of different month cuttages is big; The institute cutting medium that requires based on liver moss, cost is higher, require cuttage in addition after a month domestic demand spray root-inducing promoter, cost is obviously increased; On cuttage seeding survives, only, be very limited with the rooting rate index evaluation, can not weigh the quality of taking root of cuttage seeding comprehensively.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming that the objective of the invention is to overcome prior art is with not enough, provides that a kind of cost is low, survival rate is high, seedling quality is good, required time is short, reliable and stable, popularization and can keep the method for the buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting of maternal plant merit easily.
Goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of method of buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting comprises following steps:
(1) preparation of fringe seedling: gather the fragrant seed of whitewood of wild select tree, carry out seeding and seedling raising, select good seedling then, the construction cutting orchard; Large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim year to the nursery stock in the cutting orchard, is not less than the 15cm place on distance ground and prunes, and smears 6-BA (6-benzyl aminopurine) at the seedling stem place of pruning with the short spray of sprouting; Treat to draw materials when the spray growth is semi-lignified;
(2) preparation of matrix: with yellow soil, peat soil, vermiculite 3: 2 by volume: (1～2) fully mixes, and obtains matrix;
(3) preparation of plugged ear: select the morning (7:00～9:00), illumination lower (≤10000lux) time, get the spray of the semi-lignified that step (1) obtains, it is cut grows into 10～15cm, keep 3 blades in top, every leaf keeps 2/5 leaf area; The plugged ear upper cut is flat mouthful, and to reduce moisture loss, cut sth. askew and try one's best near the leaf segment place in the lower end; Then clean plugged ear, carry out disinfection, again the plugged ear bottom is put into the plant growth regulator treatment fluid for preparing, and then cuttage is in matrix;
(4) manage after the cuttage: after cuttage finished, it was that 15～30 ℃, relative moisture are not less than 75% that the cuttage environment keeps temperature; Simultaneously, the cuttage environment is carried out disinfection; Obtain the buta-buta cuttage seeding.
The method of described buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, more preferably comprise following steps: obtain by Subordinate Function the long and inclined to one side root rate of rooting rate, root of hair quantity, the longest root of buta-buta plugged ear being carried out overall merit again after the buta-buta cuttage seeding, obtain superior in quality buta-buta cuttage seeding; Membership function value [X (u1), X (the u2)] accounting equation that is used for overall merit is:
X(u?1)＝[X-X
min]/[X
max-X
min] (1)
X(u2)＝1-[X-X
min]/[X
max-X
min] (2)
Wherein, X is the measured value of certain evaluation index; X
MaxThe maximum of all data that obtain for certain evaluation index; X
MinThe minimum of a value of all data that obtain for certain evaluation index; Described evaluation index comprises rooting rate, root of hair quantity, the longest root is long and inclined to one side root rate; Membership function with all evaluation indexes adds up at last;
If institute the valency index of test and assess and cuttage seeding quality are proportionate, employing (1) formula calculating membership values then, on the contrary then use (2) formula; Add up and respectively handle the concrete membership values of each evaluation index, accumulated value is big more, and the quality of the buta-buta cuttage seeding that obtains is good more.
Wild select tree described in the step (1) is preferably the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and is not less than the wild-type tree that 60cm, the height of tree are not less than 20m;
The preferred leading thread of good seedling described in the step (1) is not less than 10～12 months the seedling that 0.6cm, height of seedling are not less than 60cm;
The concentration of 6-BA (6-benzyl aminopurine) is preferably 100mgL described in the step (1)
-1
Matrix described in the step (2) preferably is placed on long 540mm, wide 280mm, dark 110mm specification 50 cave seedling dishes, and preceding 2 days liquor potassic permanganates with mass percent 0.3% of cuttage drench matrix irritates sterilization, and matrix is as the criterion to drench; The advantage of long 540mm, wide 280mm, dark 110mm specification 50 cave seedling dishes is to adorn easily matrix, saves the space, and the Cheng Miaohou root system is rolled into a ball together, and convenient afforestation is improved survival rate;
The described plugged ear of step (3) preparation month be preferably April;
The mode of cleaning described in the step (3) is preferably washes 5min in flowing water;
Sterilization described in the step (3) is preferably and is the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 1min that uses mass percent 0.1%, and is clean with distilled water flushing again;
Plant growth regulator treatment fluid described in the step (3) is preferably IAA (heteroauxin) or IBA (indolebutyric acid); More preferably concentration is 2500mgL
-1IAA or concentration be 1500mgL
-1IBA;
The time of described in the step (3) the plugged ear bottom being put into the plant growth regulator treatment fluid for preparing is preferably speed and dips in 8～15s;
The mode of cuttage is preferably the straight cutting method described in the step (3), is about to plugged ear and vertically inserts in the disk base material of cave every cave cuttage 1 strain plugged ear;
Make a call to a guiding hole with the bamboo bar on matrix earlier before the mode cuttage more preferably of cuttage described in the step (3), the degree of depth is 3～4cm, plugged ear is vertically inserted in the disk base material of cave every cave cuttage 1 strain plugged ear again; After inserting with the compacting and water permeable a little of matrix around it;
The concrete grammar of sterilization described in the step (4) is for being that liquor potassic permanganate and 1000 times of carbendazim of 0.1% replace sterilization with mass percent respectively every 3～4 days; After 20 days, by the alternately sterilization of this concentration, 1 time weekly.
The present invention has following advantage and effect:
Cost of the present invention is low, survival rate is high, seedling quality is good, reproduction speed is fast, can solve the not enough problem of seed, and selected materials is wild select tree seedling in addition, and this method can keep the merit of maternal plant.In general, the present invention promotes easily, has vast potential for future development.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of fringe seedling: gather wild select tree (diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 〉=60cm, the buta-buta seed of the height of tree 〉=20m) (source is Hainan Province) carries out seed seedling-raising, selects good seedling (leading thread 〉=0.6cm, the construction cutting orchard of height of seedling 〉=60cm) again; When growth of seedling to the second year, prune at distance ground 〉=15cm place, smear 6-BA at the seedling stem place of pruning with the short spray of sprouting; Treat to draw materials when the spray growth is semi-lignified.
(2) the choosing and handling of plugged ear: April, select the morning (7:00～9:00), illumination lower (≤10000lux) time, get the semi-lignified branch that 2 years living seedlings of cutting orchard that step (1) obtains are sprouted then, it is cut into 10～15cm length, keep 2～3 blades in top, every leaf keeps 2/5 leaf area; The plugged ear upper cut is flat mouthful, and to reduce moisture loss, cut sth. askew and try one's best near the leaf segment place in the lower end.
(3) matrix treatments and container are selected: yellow soil, peat soil, vermiculite were fully mixed in 3: 2: 1 by volume, obtain matrix; The container of then matrix being packed into, preceding 2 days liquor potassic permanganates with mass percent 0.3% of cuttage drench irritates sterilization, and matrix is as the criterion to drench.This operation cuttage container adopts long 540mm, wide 280mm, dark 110mm specification 50 cave seedling dishes, and its advantage is to adorn easily matrix, saves the space, and the Cheng Miaohou root system is rolled into a ball together, and convenient afforestation is improved survival rate.
(4) cuttage and the management of slotting back:, be mixed with 200mL IAA (2500mgL then with IAA or IBA 20mL anhydrous alcohol solution
-1) or IBA (1500mgL
-1) handle and use solution.The plugged ear that step (2) is prepared is put into flowing water and is washed 5min, taking-up is put into behind the liquor potassic permanganate sterilization 1min of mass percent 0.1% clean with distilled water flushing, then the plugged ear bottom is put into IAA or IBA processing solution that aforementioned preparation is put, speed is dipped in 10s, treats to carry out cuttage after the alcohol volatilization.Adopt the straight cutting method, be about to plugged ear and vertically insert in the disk base material of cave every cave cuttage 1 strain plugged ear.Be the time damage plugged ear that prevents cuttage, make a call to a guiding hole with the bamboo bar on matrix earlier before the cuttage, the degree of depth is 3～4cm, after inserting with its matrix compacting and water permeable a little on every side.Originally operate in cuttage in the greenhouse, after cuttage finishes, put up little shed on the seedbed, its loam cake plastic film keeps the cuttage ambient humidity.Most of high light is filtered by the greenhouse shading screen in the greenhouse, but still to need with light transmittance at sun-drenched noon be that 35% shading screen shades, in case the transpiration of plugged ear blade is excessive, and plugged ear dehydration and drying up.After the cuttage, liquor potassic permanganate and the 1000 times of carbendazim with mass percent 0.1% replaced sterilization respectively every 3～4 days; After 20 days, by the alternately sterilization of this concentration, 1 time weekly; Spray every day simultaneously, the control air humidity is more than 80%, with the moistening fresh and alive degree of being in plugged ear top.Carry out repeated test three times.
(5) simultaneously, check experiment (respectively carrying out repeated test three times) is set:
The semi-lignified spray branch of A group contrast for adopting non-2 years living seedlings to sprout then, other steps are with embodiment 1;
The contrast of B group is different containers for plant growth, and other steps are with embodiment 1;
The contrast of C group is different cuttage positions, and other steps are with embodiment 1;
The contrast of D group is the matrix of different formulations, and other steps are with embodiment 1;
The contrast of E group is different cuttage seasons,, other steps are with embodiment 1;
Wherein the material of B group～E group contrast is the semi-lignified spray that life in 2 years is sprouted then, and concrete experimental design is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
(6) result: through the method for the invention cuttage, inserting the back the 7th day, plugged ear lower cut place hole skin expands and produces with the cotton-shaped callus of white; Most of plugged ear lower cut place hole skin expands cracking after 14 days, occurs more callus simultaneously, and otch phloem and xylem are coupled together; Cuttage the 20th day, the plugged ear callus increases at most, some in addition cover whole otch; Inserting the back the 35th day, plugged ear adularescent bud shape adventive root in its otch top 0.1cm～0.5cm zone produces; Inserted the back the 50th day, plugged ear is taken root successively.After 10 days, the plugged ear lower cut produces callus to each control group successively in cuttage, and the generation of adventive root was arranged later at 40 days, and some is at when investigation root of hair not yet, and the cycle of taking root is longer.
Cuttage is in the time of 6 months, the cuttage plant quality index (rooting rate, root of hair quantity, the longest root long, root rate) partially of taking root is investigated, and utilize Subordinate Function to rooting rate, root of hair quantity, the longest root is long and partially the root rate carry out cuttage seeding overall merit.The Comprehensive Assessment value that adopts technical measures cuttage seeding of the present invention be membership function value up to 3.04, its rooting rate can reach more than 75%, root of hair quantity is greater than 10 fringes
-1, more than the long 12.3cm of the longest root, and the root rate is less than 25% partially, and seedling quality is significantly higher than each control group and handles, and each check experiment group result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Annotate: Subordinate Function, the membership function value that is used to analyze [X (u1), X (u2)] accounting equation is:
X(u1)＝[X-X
min]/[X
max-X
min] (1)
X(u2)＝1-[X-X
min]/[X
max-X
min] (2)
Wherein, X is the measured value of certain evaluation index; The maximum of all data that Xmax obtains for certain evaluation index; The minimum of a value of all data that Xmin obtains for certain evaluation index; Described evaluation index comprises rooting rate, root of hair quantity, the longest root is long and inclined to one side root rate; Membership function with all evaluation indexes adds up at last; If the institute index of surveying and cuttage seeding quality are proportionate, employing (1) formula calculating membership values then, on the contrary then use (2) formula; Add up and respectively handle the concrete membership values of each index, accumulated value is big more, and the quality of the buta-buta seedling that obtains is good more.
By Subordinate Function the cuttage rooting quality is carried out overall merit, the method applied in the present invention membership function value height is transplanted its cuttage seeding, and survival rate is up to more than 95%, and the late growing stage stalwartness.
The present invention is cutting medium with common yellow soil, peat soil, vermiculite, and is with low cost, and the cuttage container can reuse the saving great amount of cost.Carry out the cuttage of buta-buta through this method, the cuttage rooting quality is good, can take root at slotting back 35 days, can transplant in 6 months, and required time is short, can keep merit, and is reliable and stable, promotes easily.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spiritual essence of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) preparation of fringe seedling: gather the fragrant seed of whitewood of wild select tree, carry out seed seedling-raising, select good seedling construction cutting orchard again; When growth of seedling to the second year, be not less than the 15cm place on distance ground and prune, smear 6-benzyl aminopurine at the seedling stem place of pruning with the short spray of sprouting; Treat to draw materials when the spray growth is semi-lignified;
(2) preparation of matrix: with yellow soil, peat soil, vermiculite 3: 2 by volume: (1～2) fully mixes, and obtains matrix;
(3) preparation of plugged ear: select 7:00～9:00 in morning, when illumination is not more than 10000lux, get the semi-lignified spray that step (1) obtains, it is cut grow into 10～15cm, keep 3 blades in top, every leaf keeps 2/5 leaf area; The plugged ear upper cut is flat mouthful, cuts sth. askew and as far as possible close leaf segment place in the lower end; Then clean plugged ear, carry out disinfection, again the plugged ear bottom is put into the plant growth regulator treatment fluid for preparing, and then cuttage is in matrix;
(4) manage after the cuttage: after cuttage finished, 15～30 ℃ of cuttage environment maintenances, relative moisture were not less than 75%, and the cuttage environment is carried out disinfection, and obtain the buta-buta cuttage seeding.
2. according to the method for claim 1 buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, it is characterized in that: described method also comprises following steps: obtain by Subordinate Function the long and inclined to one side root rate of rooting rate, root of hair quantity, the longest root of buta-buta plugged ear being carried out overall merit again after the buta-buta cuttage seeding, obtain superior in quality buta-buta cuttage seeding; Membership function value [X (u1), X (the u2)] accounting equation that is used for overall merit is:
X(u1)＝[X-X
min]/[X
max-X
min] (1)
X(u2)＝1-[X-X
min]/[X
max-X
min] (2)
Wherein, X is the measured value of certain evaluation index; K
MaxThe maximum of all data that obtain for certain evaluation index; X
MinThe minimum of a value of all data that obtain for certain evaluation index; Described evaluation index comprises rooting rate, root of hair quantity, the longest root is long and inclined to one side root rate; Membership function with all evaluation indexes adds up at last;
If institute the valency index of test and assess and cuttage seeding quality are proportionate, employing (1) formula calculating membership values then, on the contrary then use (2) formula; Add up and respectively handle the concrete membership values of each evaluation index, accumulated value is big more, and the quality of the buta-buta cuttage seeding that obtains is good more.
3. according to the method for claim 1 buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, it is characterized in that: wild select tree described in the step (1) refers to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and is not less than the wild-type tree that 60cm, the height of tree are not less than 20m.
4. according to the method for claim 1 buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, it is characterized in that: good seedling described in the step (1) refers to leading thread and is not less than 10～12 months the seedling that 0.6cm, height of seedling are not less than 60cm.
5. according to the method for claim 1 buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, it is characterized in that: the concentration of 6-benzyl aminopurine is 100mgL described in the step (1)
-1
6. according to the method for claim 1 buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, it is characterized in that: the matrix described in the step (2) is placed long 540mm, wide 280mm, dark 110mm specification 50 cave seedling dishes, preceding 2 days liquor potassic permanganates with mass percent 0.3% of cuttage drench matrix irritates sterilization, be as the criterion with the matrix of drenching, and then be used for cuttage.
7. according to the method for claim 1 buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, it is characterized in that:
The preparation month of the described plugged ear of step (3) is April;
The mode of cleaning plugged ear described in the step (3) is flushing plugged ear 5min in flowing water;
Sterilization described in the step (3) is the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate plugged ear 1min with mass percent 0.1%, and is clean with distilled water flushing again;
Plant growth regulator treatment fluid described in the step (3) is heteroauxin or indolebutyric acid;
The time of described in the step (3) the plugged ear bottom being put into the plant growth regulator treatment fluid for preparing is that speed is dipped in 8～15s;
The mode of cuttage is the straight cutting method described in the step (3).
8. according to the method for claim 7 buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, it is characterized in that:
The concentration of described heteroauxin is 2500mgL
-1
The concentration of described indolebutyric acid is 1500mgL
-1
9. according to the method for claim 7 buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, it is characterized in that:
The mode of cuttage described in the step (3) is to make a call to a guiding hole with the bamboo bar on matrix earlier before the cuttage, and the degree of depth is 3～4cm, plugged ear is vertically inserted in the disk base material of cave every cave cuttage 1 strain plugged ear again; After inserting with the compacting and water permeable a little of matrix around it.
10. according to the method for claim 1 buta-buta semi-lignified epicormic branch cutting, it is characterized in that:
The concrete grammar of sterilization described in the step (4) is for being that liquor potassic permanganate and 1000 times of carbendazim of 0.1% replace sterilization with mass percent respectively every 3～4 days; After 20 days, by the alternately sterilization of this concentration, 1 time weekly.
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