CN101960942B - Film covering method for cotton furrow sowing in saline-alkali soils - Google Patents
Film covering method for cotton furrow sowing in saline-alkali soils Download PDFInfo
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- CN101960942B CN101960942B CN2010102579260A CN201010257926A CN101960942B CN 101960942 B CN101960942 B CN 101960942B CN 2010102579260 A CN2010102579260 A CN 2010102579260A CN 201010257926 A CN201010257926 A CN 201010257926A CN 101960942 B CN101960942 B CN 101960942B
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 abstract description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for mulching plastic films for cotton furrow sowing in saline-alkali soils, which comprises the following steps: A, ridging on sowing belts, ditching and fertilizing on the bottoms of the ridges, and ditching to seed 3 to 6cm staggered with fertilization furrows, then carrying out earth backing and compacting on the sowing furrows; and B, ditching film mulching furrows at the two sides of the sowing furrows, and mulching plastic films on the top of the ridge between two sowing furrows. The Plastic film mulching machine for realizing the method of the invention comprises sowing/fertilization assemblies and a mulching film assembly, wherein the mulching film assembly is arranged between two sowing/fertilization assemblies and used for mulching plastic films on the top of a ridge between two sowing furrows. Because the mulching films on the ridges can reduce soil evaporation and have the function of rainwater collection, invalid soil evaporation can be restrained effectively, and the transfer of salts to plough layers can be restrained effectively in the areas that the soils are high in salt content, thereby achieving the purposes of gathering part of salts in the top of ridge and reducing the salt content of cotton roots.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of type of seeding of cotton trench sowing overlay film and the trench sowing laminator of realization the method thereof, especially be fit to the cotton planting in saline land, belong to agricultural machinery technological field.
Background technology
Ring Plain, the Bohai Sea is positioned at the forefront of China Bohai Economic Rim, is the important agricultural product producing region of China and reserve cultivated land resource area.Take place frequently for this district's soil salt content height, the serious scarcity of freshwater resources, drought, and salt water resources is abundant, availability is low, utilize the problems such as pattern is single, efficient is not high, center on the safety plantation of chief crop grain and cotton fruits and vegetables such as wheat, corn, cotton, fruit tree, vegetables etc. and the great demand that regional environment is improved, carry out the research and development of novel salt water agricultural equipment, the safe irrigation installation of developmental research salt water, can increase the total amount of pouring water, the salt water of out of use high salinity is utilized before making.Its agricultural equipment should adopt suitable farming and agronomic measures; to press down salt, to keep away salt, soil-moisture conservation planting technology as guiding theory; take the soil moisture content in protection salt water growing area crop insemination and emergence stage and seedling stage with reduce the seedbed salt content as purpose, for the sowing of salt water growing area crop safety and growth provide technical guarantee.Utilize the On Comprehensive Techniques such as ditch ridge cultivation, tillage control measure adopts trench digging, ridging, the salt of hiding, and saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland can obtain high yield equally.Behind the ditching, ridging, soil salt is in the moisture evaporation process, and the bottom of trench salinity is mobile to the ridge back of the body with moisture, and the bottom of trench salinity is alleviated, and seed is broadcast at the favourable full stand of bottom of trench.Furrow irrigation trench sowing, little ridge mulch sowing are a kind of new models of Gao Yan district crop-planting, can play the salt of hiding, the effect of taking precautions against drought, and effectively ensure the growing environment that crop suits.Collection rain keep away salt, bottom of trench film-covering planting these reduce topsoil salt concentrations, the novel agronomy that preserves soil moisture, heat all required corresponding agricultural machinery equipment to do guarantee.
At present, the research of China aspect irrigation with saline water supporting machinery equipment seldom, when carrying out operation in the salt water district, application remain common tillage implement, do not cultivate farm machinery with the supporting special use of irrigation with saline water plantation agronomy.The kind of high salt area crop is implanted with its special environment for use and agriculture requirement, the agricultural machinery of this area is just cultivated in some routines and is used reluctantly after farm machinery suitably improve at present, specific aim is not strong, the special-purpose farm machinery that are not used for high salt area operation, especially with press down at present salt, keep away equipment and facility that salt new technology and new method match, all be blank basically.Produce at present the upper mulching cotton seeding technique of promoting and be all flat plantings, also not for Special sowing method and the machinery in saline land.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of cotton trench sowing film covering method of suitable saline land and realizes the laminating machine of the method, can be with sowing cotton seed in ditch, and plastic mulching is on the ridge, and trench digging, fertilising, sowing are finished in one-stop operation simultaneously.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the cotton trench sowing film covering method technical scheme in the suitable saline land that the present invention takes comprises:
A, ridging on seeding belt at first, ditching-fertilizing at the bottom of the ridge, and with the dressing furrow 3-8cm water furrow planting that staggers, earthing, suppression;
The overlay film ditch is opened in B, seed furrow both sides, the ridge back overlay film in the middle of two seed furrows.
The present invention also provides a kind of cotton trench sowing laminator of suitable saline land, comprises seeding and fertilizing assembly and overlay film assembly:
The seeding and fertilizing assembly comprises and being arranged in order under the frame: disk coulter, and the fertilising furrower, the sowing and ditching shovel, seed earthing wheel and press wheel set gradually the fertile case corresponding with the furrower that applies fertilizer on the frame, the kind case corresponding with the sowing and ditching shovel;
The overlay film assembly comprises and being arranged in order under the frame: mulch film furrower, pressing wheel, ground film rack and mulch film earthing wheel;
Described overlay film assembly is arranged in the middle of the two cover seeding and fertilizing assemblies arranged side by side, at the ridge back overlay film of sowing ridging.
The cotton trench sowing laminator in described suitable saline land, two cover mulch film furrowers of described overlay film assembly are in the inboard setting of two cover seed openers.
The cotton trench sowing laminator in described suitable saline land, the pressing wheel of described overlay film assembly, ground film rack are higher than the seeding and fertilizing assembly.
The cotton trench sowing laminator in described suitable saline land, described seeding and fertilizing assembly also comprise water tank and the sparge pipe that is arranged at kind case the place ahead on the frame, spray water simultaneously in the process of sowing seeds.
Adjusting rod was to adapt to bed planting or flat planting requirement before and after the cotton trench sowing laminator in described suitable saline land, the disk coulter of described seeding and fertilizing assembly arranged.
The cotton trench sowing laminator in described suitable saline land, the width of described seeding and fertilizing assembly and overlay film assembly can laterally adjust to adapt to the row spacing requirement on frame.
The cotton trench sowing laminator in described suitable saline land, fertilising furrower and sowing and ditching shovel is in the direction of advance 3-8cm setting of staggering in the described seeding and fertilizing assembly.
The beneficial effect that adopts technique scheme to produce is:
1, the present invention has realized sowing cotton seed in ditch, and plastic mulching is on the ridge, and trench digging, fertilising, sowing are finished in one-stop operation simultaneously, have improved Mechanization Level, and the mulch film on the ridge has soil moisture conservation, collection rain, heats and press down the effect of salt.Soil moisture conservation: the plastic mulching soil surface can reduce the soil invalid evaporation effectively, soil moisture conservation soil; Collection rain: plastic mulching can concentrate on rainfall in the ditch on the ridge, with the drizzle turned into a heavy rain, plays drought resistance function; Heat: can effectively improve soil temperature the spring of plastic mulching, especially sowing cotton seed, promotes the cotton in seedling stage growth; Press down salt: because mulch film has reduced soil evaporation on the ridge, add the effect of collection rain, can effectively suppress the soil invalid evaporation, from can the establishment salinity in the high area of soil salt content to the migration of topsoil, realize the purpose that local salinity concentrates cotton root salinity to reduce to the ridge back of the body.
2, the present invention can be used as the use of trench sowing mulch sowing facility, can be used as again flat planting seeding operation facility and uses.The disk coulter that only needs to arrange when needs are realized the flat planting sowing adjusts upward, and makes it only play the effect that strikes off the earth's surface, and then the overlay film assembly is adapted to the common ground film requirement to both sides adjustment gets final product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is front view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is shaft side figure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of cotton trench sowing overlay film;
Among the figure: 1, fertile case 2, frame 3, disk coulter 4, fertilising furrower 5, land wheel 6, kind case 7, sowing and ditching shovel 8, seed earthing wheel 9, press wheel 10, mulch film furrower 11, pressing wheel 12, ground film rack 13, mulch film earthing wheel 14, cotton ridge 15, cotton seedling 16, front adjusting rod 17, rear adjusting rod
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1-4, be left the sower direction of advance, innovative point of the present invention is ridging on seeding belt at first, ditching-fertilizing at the bottom of the ridge, and with the dressing furrow 3-6cm water furrow planting that staggers, earthing, suppression; The overlay film ditch is opened in the seed furrow both sides, the ridge back overlay film in the middle of two seed furrows.
Sower of the present invention can once be finished above-mentioned trench sowing mulch sowing process, and the overlay film assembly is arranged at the centre of seeding and fertilizing assembly.Specifically described overlay film assembly is arranged in the middle of the two cover seeding and fertilizing assemblies arranged side by side, at the ridge back overlay film of sowing ridging.
The seeding and fertilizing assembly comprises what frame was arranged in order for 2 times: disk coulter 3, and fertilising furrower 4, sowing and ditching shovel 7, seed earthing wheel 8 and press wheel 9 set gradually the fertile case 1 corresponding with the furrower 4 of applying fertilizer on the frame 2, shovel 7 corresponding kind casees 6 with sowing and ditching;
Disk coulter 3 of the present invention forms independently monomer with fertilising furrower 4, finishes simultaneously trench digging and fertilizer deep placement function during operation, and disk coulter 3 mainly arranges for the ridging operation.The fertilising furrower 4 be fixed on the frame 2, furrower top is provided with hanger with the front portion of fixed disc plough 3, and can by front adjusting rod 16 adjust disk coulter 3 enter ground the degree of depth,
Disk coulter 3 is V-shaped hinged, adjusts the angle of V-type at a distance of width change by rear adjusting rod 17 on the crossbeam of frame 2, thereby adjusts the width of sowing and ditching.At first adjust the degree of depth of fertilising furrower 4 during operation according to agriculture requirement, regulate again front adjusting rod 16, rear adjusting rod 17 to reach suitable fertilization depth and ditching depth and width.Behind the trench digging, land wheel 5 and sowing and ditching shovel 7 all passes through at bottom of trench, and seed is broadcast position on the side of fertilizer placement, can prevent that seed from being burnt by fertilizer, finishes whole seeding process through the earthing of seed earthing wheel 8 and the suppression operation of press wheel 9 again.
The overlay film assembly comprises: mulch film furrower 10, pressing wheel 11, ground film rack 12 and mulch film earthing wheel 13; The two cover mulch film furrowers 10 that the embodiment that the present invention provides is are two cover seed openers, 7 inboard settings.Because be at ridge back overlay film, the pressing wheel 11 of overlay film assembly of the present invention, ground film rack 12 should be higher than the seeding and fertilizing assembly.
The technical scheme that the present invention extends also comprises water tank and the sparge pipe that is arranged at kind case 6 the place aheads on the frame 2, sprays water simultaneously in the process of sowing seeds.
Acting in conjunction through mulch film furrower 10, pressing wheel 11 and mulch film earthing wheel 13 after sowing is finished is covered with narrow mulch film on the top, ridge, and to put aside rainy season, it is interval, top, ridge overlay film.
The present invention namely can be used as the cotton trench sowing that is fit to the saline land and uses, also can be used as common cotton planter uses in general area, when use in general area, disk coulter 3 is adjusted upward, its function only plays the effect that strikes off the earth's surface, and just overlay film assembly both sides adjust to be fit to the common ground film requirement simultaneously.
During use, the supporting power of sower of the present invention is 15～20 horsepowers of small tractors, and the ditch of sowing cotton seed is apart from adjustable.
Foregoing description only proposes as cotton trench sowing film covering method of the present invention and the enforceable technical scheme of facility, not as the Single restriction condition to its structure itself.
Claims (7)
1. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in a suitable saline land, its feature comprises:
A, ridging on seeding belt at first, ditching-fertilizing at the bottom of the ridge, and with the dressing furrow 3-cm water furrow planting that staggers, earthing, suppression;
The overlay film ditch is opened in B, seed furrow both sides, the ridge back overlay film in the middle of two seed furrows;
Be fit to the trench sowing laminator of the cotton trench sowing film covering method use in saline land, comprise seeding and fertilizing assembly and overlay film assembly:
The seeding and fertilizing assembly comprises and being arranged in order under the frame (2): disk coulter (3), fertilising furrower (4), sowing and ditching shovel (7), seed earthing wheel (8) and press wheel (9), set gradually the fertile case (1) corresponding with the furrower that applies fertilizer (4) on the frame, the kind case (6) corresponding with sowing and ditching shovel (7);
The overlay film assembly comprises and being arranged in order under the frame (2): mulch film furrower (10), pressing wheel (11), ground film rack (12) and mulch film earthing wheel (13);
Described overlay film assembly is arranged in the middle of the two cover seeding and fertilizing assemblies arranged side by side, ridge back overlay film at the sowing ridging, disk coulter (3) forms independently monomer with fertilising furrower (4), finish simultaneously trench digging and fertilizer deep placement function during operation, disk coulter (3) mainly arranges for the ridging operation, fertilising furrower (4) is fixed on the frame (2), fertilising furrower top is provided with hanger with the front portion of fixed disc plough (3), and can by front adjusting rod (16) adjust disk coulter (3) enter ground the degree of depth, disk coulter (3) is V-shaped hinged, on the crossbeam of frame (2), adjust the angle of V-type at a distance of width change by rear adjusting rod (17), thereby adjust the width of sowing and ditching.
2. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two cover mulch film furrowers (10) of described overlay film assembly arrange in that two cover sowing and ditchings shovels (7) are inboard.
3. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the pressing wheel of described overlay film assembly (11) and ground film rack (12) are higher than the seeding and fertilizing assembly.
4. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described seeding and fertilizing assembly also comprises water tank and a sparge pipe that is arranged at upper kind of case (6) the place ahead of frame (2), water spray simultaneously in the process of sowing seeds.
5. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the disk coulter of described seeding and fertilizing assembly (3) arranges front adjusting rod (16), rear adjusting rod (17) to adapt to bed planting or flat planting requirement, front adjusting rod (16) is the degree of depth with being used for adjusting entering of disk coulter (3), disk coulter (3) is V-shaped hinged, on the crossbeam of frame (2), adjust the angle of V-type at a distance of width change by rear adjusting rod (17), thereby adjust the width of sowing and ditching.
6. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the width of described seeding and fertilizing assembly and overlay film assembly can laterally adjust to adapt to the row spacing requirement on frame.
7. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 is characterized in that: apply fertilizer in the described seeding and fertilizing assembly furrower (4) and sowing and ditching shovel (7) arrange at the direction of advance 3-8cm that staggers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102579260A CN101960942B (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2010-08-20 | Film covering method for cotton furrow sowing in saline-alkali soils |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102579260A CN101960942B (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2010-08-20 | Film covering method for cotton furrow sowing in saline-alkali soils |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101960942A CN101960942A (en) | 2011-02-02 |
| CN101960942B true CN101960942B (en) | 2013-03-20 |
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| CN2010102579260A Expired - Fee Related CN101960942B (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2010-08-20 | Film covering method for cotton furrow sowing in saline-alkali soils |
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| CN103392424A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-11-20 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Helianthus tuberosus Linn seeder for saline-alkali land |
| CN103518519A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Film mulching and ridging salt-tolerance planting method for sweet sorghum in coastal beach saline-alkali soil |
| CN105027759A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-11-11 | 滨州市农业机械化科学研究所 | Folding type cotton film-mulching seeder based on machine-harvested cotton |
| CN105265049A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-01-27 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Saline land trench digging ridging multifunctional cotton seeder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN86202870U (en) * | 1986-05-13 | 1987-07-01 | 北京市朝阳区农机研究所 | Path-raising plastic film-spreading machine without driving shaft |
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| CN101960942A (en) | 2011-02-02 |
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