CN104145672A - Green manure mixture sowing cultivation method capable of improving soil fertility and fresh grass yield of rice area - Google Patents
Green manure mixture sowing cultivation method capable of improving soil fertility and fresh grass yield of rice area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a green manure mixture sowing cultivation method capable of improving soil fertility and fresh grass yield of a rice area. The method comprises the following steps that (1) fertilization is carried out before green manure planting; (2) under the condition that daily mean temperature is above 15 DEG C, Chinese trumpet creepers and oilseed rapes are sowed in a mixed mode; (3) transverse furrows, side furrows and middle furrows are formed in a rice field, the furrows are communicated with each other, a ridge surface between every two adjacent transverse furrows is covered with soil, and subsurface water control for drought resisting should be carried out in a green manure growing period; (4) the Chinese trumpet creepers in a full-blossom period and the oilseed rapes in a full-blossom period are overturned and pressed in soil, and normal filed harrowing, fertilization and rice transplanting can be carried out after an overturn and pressing process lasts for 10 to 15 days. The leguminous Chinese trumpet creepers and the non-leguminous oilseed rapes are sowed in the mixed mode, nutrients are utilized in a mutual activation mode, light and heat conditions before rice transplanting is used fully, cultivated land resources are utilized reasonably, the cropping index is improved, rice yield of later crop is improved at the same time, rice quality is improved, land capability is increased, environment is improved, and direct promoting role is played in green manure development which springs up again in China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to sweet potato and the rape Mix-culture technology as green manure.
Background technology
Riverine and double cropping rice in the middle Yangtze River Valley district of China main winter green manure crop taking Chinese milk vetch as main, and suitablely turn over the time at first flower-full-bloom stage, Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage is generally in annual mid-April, and the time of planting of the single cropping rice is mid or late May, there is the crops for rotation vacancy that exceedes 1 month, photo-thermal serious waste therebetween.Southern area, after single cropping rice or double cropping late rice results, except part is planted wheat, rape autumn, the idle field that occurs not planting autumn and winter any crops in a lot of places, cause leave the land uncultivated, winter season field is green covers poor, farmland quality decline.
Summary of the invention
Plant front autumn, winter, spring light and heat condition in order to make full use of after rice harves coming year paddy rice, rationally utilize cultivated land resource, improve rice quality, culture fertility, the invention provides a kind of green manure Mix-culture method that improves rice district soil fertility and fresh careless output.
The concrete operation step of the green manure Mix-culture method of raising rice district soil fertility and fresh careless output is as follows:
(1) before green manure sowing, every even 0.5 kilogram, 2~3 kilograms, urea, 20~30 kilograms, calcium phosphate, 4~6 kilograms, potassium chloride and zinc sulphate that spreads fertilizer over the fields per mu;
(2), 2.0~2.5 kgs/acre of sweet potatoes, 0.15~0.2 kg/acre of mixing of rape are sowed more than 15 DEG C under condition in daily mean temperature;
(3) trench digging earthing is irrigated water drainage: in field, the standard width of a room in an old-style house is apart from the traverse furrow of 200~250 centimetres, 20 centimetres of traverse furrow furrow widths, 10~15 centimetres of ditch depths, 1.3~1.6 centimetres of the furrow face thickness of earth covering between adjacent traverse furrow; Also offer gutter and Yao Gou, gutter and waist ditch than traverse furrow dark 3~5 centimetres, accomplish that ditch ditch communicates; Green manure should be arranged stain drought resisting vegetative period,
(4) by entering the sweet potato of full-bloom stage, the rape that enters the colored pod phase turns over and buries, and turns over 10~15 days, can carry out that routine harrows a field, fertilising and rice transplanting.
In described step (2), 2.0~2.5 kgs/acre of sweet potatoes, 0.15~0.2 kg/acre of rape and 0.02 kilogram of mixing of ammonium molybdate are sowed.
Early stage, stubble height was 20~30 centimetres when paddy rice harvesting, front 3~5 days of green manure sowing, and weeds are slaughtered in every mu of use 10% glyphosate 500ml 40 kilograms of sprayings of washing by water.
Described sweet potato is for telling the graceful sweet potato in storehouse or Portugal sweet potato.
Described rape is continuous fresh oil 12 or middle oily 821.
Useful technique effect of the present invention embodies in the following areas:
1. the invention solves rice district green manure and turn over time and the contradiction of producing crops for rotation.Green manure Mix-culture technology of the present invention be unstable according to single double rice cropping system, south soil characteristic, green manure seed supply and winter slack field crops for rotation inconsistency the technical solution that proposes of demand, except leguminous green manure sweet potato, also added non-legume rape as green manure.After rice harves in autumn, the single cropping rice or the double rice cropping system that are greater than 15 DEG C in daily mean temperature, the green manure of plantation taking sweet potato rape as representative, can effectively utilize photo-thermal and cultivated land resource, can improve again rice district soil fertility and rice yield, quality, ensure sustainable use and the Ensuring Food Safety ploughed in South Rice Region of China simultaneously.Sweet potato as with Chinese milk vetch leguminous green manure in similar winter, it is suitable turn over the time in daily mean temperature more than 20 DEG C early and middle ten dayses in May, and fresh careless output and nutrient content higher.Rape, except as oil crop, is also a kind of good nonleguminous green manure crop; The organic acid for activating soil insoluble phosphorus potassium element of rape root secretion is sweet potato utilization, and the nitrogen in leguminous green manure sweet potato fixed air can provide nitrogen nutrition to rape, has improved the soil organic matter and available nutrient; Turn over two high rapes, wherein higher sulphur glucoside can be killed part noxious bacteria after entering soil, and rape is as also regulating green manure C/N ratio adding of green manure simultaneously.Sweet potato and rape mixed seeding, not only the fresh careless output of green manure is higher, and sweet potato and the mixing of rape green manure turn over, and its C/N ratio is more suitable for soil microbial activity, improves the effect of soil physicochemistry character stronger, is more conducive to the growth of lower batch paddy rice.In addition, the rape of vertical growth provides support for the sweet potato of sprawl growth again, more can increase sweet potato biomass;
2. save green manure seed consumption, reduced cultivation cost, improved the biocenological structure of green manure;
3. increased green manure output, optimized green manure C/N ratio, the soil of having fostered and apply fertilizer, has improved rice yield.
Table 1 be the cultivation of conventional green manure with the present invention in the contrast of green manure cultivation method result: stubble September 29 rice harves time before the research of this green manure Mix-culture method test, 539 kgs/acre of rice yields, 25 centimetres of toothings when rice harves, green manure sowing, fertilization time October 2, when 28 DEG C of daily maximum temperatures, 17 DEG C of the minimum air temperatures.Experimental field soil organic matter 19.86g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 78.23mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 16.65mg/kg, available potassium 54.12mg/kg.Test green manure fertilizing amount is identical: 2 kgs/acre, urea, 25 kgs/acre of superphosphate, 4.5 kgs/acre, potassium chloride, 0.5 kg/acre, zinc sulphate, 0.02 kg/acre of ammonium molybdate.It is May 14 that green manure turns over the time, turns over the fresh careless output of front mensuration green manure and soil nutrient content.
As seen from Table 1, sweet potato, rape be with 2.0,0.2 kgs/acre of ratio mixed seeding, Chinese milk vetch, the clean culture of sweet potato green manure of traditional approach relatively, and every mu of sowing quantity reduces 12%; Every mu of fresh careless output increases respectively 119.6%, 22.6%; Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 11.1%, 10.4%; Soil quick-effective phosphor increases by 29.4%, 21.7%; Soil Available potassium increases by 21.1%, 10.4%.The increase of fresh careless output, has established good basis for increasing soil fertility after turning over rice yield.Sweet potato, rape are as green manure mixed seeding, and the sweet potato middle and later periods growth that is incorporated as of rape provides support, has improved green manure biomass, has also directly caused the raising of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium.The rape of mixed seeding simultaneously, has also played certain effect to the activation of soil quick-effective phosphor.As can be seen here, the South Rice Region of China that daily mean temperature is greater than 15 DEG C in the time of single cropping rice district and late rice results, using sweet potato, rape as green manure mixed seeding, can reduce cultivation cost, improves green manure output, remarkable to readily available nutrient of soil activation effect, has very much promotional value.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
The concrete operation step that the green manure mixed seeding of raising rice district soil fertility and fresh careless output is planted is as follows:
1. 10 days-October 18 September rice harves time, 25 centimetres of toothings when paddy rice harvesting;
2. green manure is sowed first every mu and is used 2.5 kilograms, urea, 25 kilograms, calcium phosphate, 5 kilograms, potassium chloride, 0.5 kilogram, zinc sulphate, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields;
3., 2.0 kgs/acre of sweet potatoes, 0.175 kg/acre of mixing of rape are sowed more than 17 DEG C under condition in daily mean temperature.Sweet potato selects " telling the graceful sweet potato in storehouse " kind, rape to select " continuous fresh oil 12 " kind.For making sowing evenly, 0.02 kg/acre of 2.0 kilograms of fine clays of every mu of use and green manure seed, ammonium molybdate mix thoroughly after uniform broadcasting again;
4. the heavier paddy field of weeds before pair sowing, 3~5 days prior to seeding, the old weeds of zero-tillage rice field were slaughtered in 40 kilograms of sprayings of every mu of use 10% glyphosate 500ml bath.Sow after earthing, 40 kilograms of every mu of use 50% Acetochlor 60ml or 60% butachlor 100ml baths spray, and make soil treatment, prevent weed germination simultaneously;
5. trench digging earthing is irrigated water drainage: after planting machinery trench digging earthing, and 20 centimetres of furrow widths, 13 centimetres of ditch depths, furrow are wide 250 centimetres, 1.4 centimetres of furrow face thickness of earth covering.High-land, well-drained chiltern field, trench digging can be more shallow and thinner, the smooth and clay Tian Yishen and closeer of physical features; If meet weather prolonged drought after sowing and ditching, the drought resisting of should irrigating through furrow is short emerges, and does not diffuse in furrow face be as the criterion with water, forbids the flood irrigation of furrow face; Outside traverse furrow except 250 centimetres of above spacing in field, also should open gutter and Yao Gou, gutter and waist ditch than traverse furrow dark 3~5 centimetres, accomplish that ditch ditch communicates, and meets heavy rain or continuing precipitation, timely ditch cleaning row stain, reaches rain and stop Tian Gan.Should irrigate drought resisting as run into arid winter;
6. paddy rice is planted first about 15 days, enters full-bloom stage, rape enter the colored pod phase two kinds of green manure are turned over simultaneously sweet potato, can carry out that routine harrows a field after turning over 10~15 days, fertilising and rice transplanting.
Green manure Mix-culture method in the present invention, sweet potato plant is tall and big, it is vigorous, healthy and strong to grow, and root nodule number is many, and fresh careless output is more singly planted sweet potato to be increased more than 22%, and rear stubble rice yield improves 9.3%-19.1%.
Table 2 is that conventional cultivation green manure and embodiment 1 cultivate green manure and turn over Influence of Soil Fertility contrast after rear stubble rice yield and rice harves:
Table 2 data are the field Position Research results of carrying out on the basis of above green manure test.Green manure sowing, fertilization time October 2,25 centimetres of rice straw height when sowing, when 28 DEG C of daily maximum temperatures, 17 DEG C of the minimum air temperatures.It is May 14 that green manure turns over the time, on May 26 rice transplanting time, harvest time September 30, measures soil nutrient content after rice harves.As seen from the table, compared with the Chinese milk vetch of green manure hybrid sowing method of the present invention and traditional approach, the clean culture of sweet potato green manure, rice yield increases by 13.2%, 9.3%; The soil organic matter increases by 3.9%, 3.6%; Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 16.2%, 10.5%; Soil quick-effective phosphor increases by 17.4%, 9.1%; Soil Available potassium increases by 20.0%, 8.6%.
Embodiment 2
The concrete operation step of the green manure Mix-culture of raising rice district soil fertility and fresh careless output is as follows:
1. 13 days-October 22 September rice harves time, 20 centimetres of toothings when paddy rice harvesting;
2. green manure is sowed first every mu and is used 2 kilograms, urea, 20 kilograms, calcium phosphate, 4 kilograms, potassium chloride, 0.5 kilogram, zinc sulphate, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields;
3., 2.25 kgs/acre of sweet potatoes, 0.2 kg/acre of mixing of rape are sowed more than 16 DEG C under condition in daily mean temperature.Sweet potato selects " Portugal sweet potato " kind, rape to select " middle oily 821 " kind.For making sowing evenly, 0.02 kg/acre of 2.0 kilograms of fine clays of every mu of use and green manure seed, ammonium molybdate mix thoroughly after uniform broadcasting again;
4. the heavier paddy field of weeds before pair sowing, 3~5 days prior to seeding, the old weeds of zero-tillage rice field were slaughtered in 40 kilograms of sprayings of every mu of use 10% glyphosate 500ml bath.Sow after earthing, every mu of use 50% Acetochlor 50ml or 60% butachlor 100ml close down, and prevent weed germination simultaneously;
5. trench digging earthing is irrigated water drainage.After planting machinery trench digging earthing, 20 centimetres of furrow widths, 10 centimetres of ditch depths, furrow are wide 200 centimetres, 1.3 centimetres of furrow face thickness of earth covering;
If meet weather prolonged drought after sowing and ditching, the drought resisting of should irrigating through furrow is short emerges; Outside traverse furrow except 200 centimetres of above spacing in field, also should open gutter and Yao Gou, gutter and waist ditch than traverse furrow dark 3~5 centimetres, accomplish that ditch ditch communicates, and meets heavy rain or continuing precipitation, timely ditch cleaning row stain, reaches rain and stop Tian Gan.Should irrigate drought resisting as run into arid winter;
6. paddy rice is planted and turns over for first 10~15 days, can carry out that routine harrows a field after turning over 10 days, fertilising and rice transplanting.
In the present invention, the fresh careless output of green manure Mix-culture method is more singly planted sweet potato increases more than 20%, and rear stubble rice yield improves 9.3%-22.7%.
Table 3 data are the green manure field trial results of study of carrying out.Green manure sowing, fertilization time October 4,20 centimetres of rice straw height when sowing, when 27 DEG C of daily maximum temperatures, 17 DEG C of the minimum air temperatures.It is May 15 that green manure turns over the time, on May 28 rice transplanting time, harvest time September 29, measures soil nutrient content after rice harves.As seen from Table 3, compared with the Chinese milk vetch of green manure hybrid sowing method of the present invention and traditional approach, the clean culture of sweet potato green manure, rice yield increases by 12.7%, 9.3%; The soil organic matter increases by 4.1%, 3.1%; Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 22.6%, 4.3%; Soil quick-effective phosphor increases by 20.7%, 11.2%; Soil Available potassium increases by 14.2%, 11.6%.
Embodiment 3
The green manure Mix-culture method that improves rice district soil fertility and fresh careless output, concrete operation step is as follows:
1. 15 days-October 25 September rice harves time, 30 centimetres of toothings when paddy rice harvesting;
2. before green manure sowing, use 3 kilograms, urea, 30 kilograms, calcium phosphate, 6 kilograms, potassium chloride, 0.5 kg/acre, zinc sulphate, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields;
3., 2.5 kgs/acre of sweet potatoes, 0.15 kg/acre of mixing of rape are sowed more than 15 DEG C under condition in daily mean temperature.Sweet potato selects " telling the graceful sweet potato in storehouse " kind, rape to select " continuous fresh oil 12 " kind.For making sowing evenly, 0.02 kg/acre of 2.0 kilograms of fine clays of every mu of use and green manure seed, ammonium molybdate mix thoroughly after uniform broadcasting again;
4. the heavier paddy field of weeds before pair sowing, 3~5 days prior to seeding, weeds in paddy field was slaughtered in every mu of use 10% glyphosate 500ml spraying.After sowing earthing, every mu of use 50% Acetochlor 75ml closes down, and prevents weed germination;
5. trench digging earthing is irrigated water drainage.After planting machinery trench digging earthing, 20 centimetres of furrow widths, 15 centimetres of ditch depths, furrow are wide 250 centimetres, 1.6 centimetres of furrow face thickness of earth covering;
If meet weather prolonged drought after sowing and ditching, the drought resisting of should irrigating through furrow is short emerges; Outside traverse furrow except 250 centimetres of above spacing in field, also should open gutter and Yao Gou, gutter and waist ditch than traverse furrow dark 3~5 centimetres, accomplish that ditch ditch communicates, and meets heavy rain or continuing precipitation, timely ditch cleaning row stain, reaches rain and stop Tian Gan.Should irrigate drought resisting as run into arid winter;
6. paddy rice is planted and turns over for first 10~15 days, can carry out that routine harrows a field after turning over 10 days, fertilising and rice transplanting.
In the present invention, the fresh careless output of green manure Mix-culture method is more singly planted sweet potato increases more than 20%, and rear stubble rice yield improves 8.2%-18.3%.
Table 4 data are the green manure field trial results of study of carrying out.Green manure sowing, fertilization time October 5,30 centimetres of rice straw height when sowing, when 26 DEG C of daily maximum temperatures, 15 DEG C of the minimum air temperatures.It is May 18 that green manure turns over the time, on May 30 rice transplanting time, harvest time October 2, measures soil nutrient content after rice harves.As seen from Table 4, compared with the Chinese milk vetch of green manure hybrid sowing method of the present invention and traditional approach, the clean culture of sweet potato green manure, rice yield increases by 12.8%, 8.2%; The soil organic matter increases by 2.9%, 2.6%; Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 20.4%, 5.2%; Soil quick-effective phosphor increases by 10.3%, 4.8%; Soil Available potassium increases by 7.3%, 8.8%.
Claims (5)
1. the green manure Mix-culture method that improves rice district soil fertility and fresh careless output, is characterized in that concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) before green manure sowing, every even 0.5 kilogram, 2~3 kilograms, urea, 20~30 kilograms, calcium phosphate, 4~6 kilograms, potassium chloride and zinc sulphate that spreads fertilizer over the fields per mu;
(2), 2.0~2.5 kgs/acre of sweet potatoes, 0.15~0.2 kg/acre of mixing of rape are sowed more than 15 DEG C under condition in daily mean temperature;
(3) trench digging earthing is irrigated water drainage: in field, the standard width of a room in an old-style house is apart from the traverse furrow of 200~250 centimetres, 20 centimetres of traverse furrow furrow widths, 10~15 centimetres of ditch depths, 1.3~1.6 centimetres of the furrow face thickness of earth covering between adjacent traverse furrow; Also offer gutter and Yao Gou, gutter and waist ditch than traverse furrow dark 3~5 centimetres, accomplish that ditch ditch communicates; Green manure should be arranged stain drought resisting vegetative period,
(4) by entering the sweet potato of full-bloom stage, the rape that enters the colored pod phase turns over and buries, and turns over 10~15 days, can carry out that routine harrows a field, fertilising and rice transplanting.
2. the green manure Mix-culture method of raising rice district soil fertility according to claim 1 and fresh careless output, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), 2.0~2.5 kgs/acre of sweet potatoes, 0.15~0.2 kg/acre of rape and 0.02 kilogram of mixing of ammonium molybdate are sowed.
3. the green manure Mix-culture method of raising rice district soil fertility according to claim 1 and 2 and fresh careless output, it is characterized in that: early stage, stubble height was 20~30 centimetres when paddy rice harvesting, first 3~5 days of green manure sowing, weeds are slaughtered in 40 kilograms of sprayings of every mu of use 10% glyphosate 500ml bath.
4. the green manure Mix-culture method of raising rice district soil fertility according to claim 1 and 2 and fresh careless output, is characterized in that: described sweet potato is for telling the graceful sweet potato in storehouse or Portugal sweet potato.
5. the green manure Mix-culture method of raising rice district soil fertility according to claim 1 and 2 and fresh careless output, is characterized in that: described rape is continuous fresh oil 12 or middle oily 821.
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CN113179890A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-07-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Rice planting method for increasing amino acid content |
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CN117610776A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-02-27 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method and device for identifying regenerative rice variety in regenerative field |
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Cited By (8)
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CN104686266A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-10 | 中国水稻研究所 | Ridge type wet cultivation technology for paddy rice |
CN105165324A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-12-23 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Common vetch herbage cultivation method |
CN109258330A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-25 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of cultural method reducing rice field winter green manure production risk |
CN109258330B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2021-02-19 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Cultivation method for reducing production risk of green manure in rice field in winter |
CN109566308A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-05 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of green manure cooperates with single harvest rice formulated fertilization method under returning to the field with stalk |
CN113179890A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-07-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Rice planting method for increasing amino acid content |
CN115039665A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-13 | 扬州大学 | Highland barley field irrigation and drainage method and application thereof |
CN117610776A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-02-27 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method and device for identifying regenerative rice variety in regenerative field |
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Application publication date: 20141119 |