CN101941855A - Organic ridging matrix for garlic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic ridging matrix for garlic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101941855A CN101941855A CN2010102820401A CN201010282040A CN101941855A CN 101941855 A CN101941855 A CN 101941855A CN 2010102820401 A CN2010102820401 A CN 2010102820401A CN 201010282040 A CN201010282040 A CN 201010282040A CN 101941855 A CN101941855 A CN 101941855A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural environmental protection and particularly relates to an organic ridging matrix for garlic and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: pressing fresh straw to remove water and micromolecular carbon from the fresh straw; mixing livestock and fowl manure, organismal residual bodies and the pressed fresh straw to prepare fermentation raw materials; decaying the fermentation raw materials by anaerobic high temperature fermentation to remove organic matters which are easy to decay; and cooling, drying, grinding and sieving the fermentation raw materials which are totally decayed to obtain the organic ridging matrix. The organic ridging matrix for the garlic of the invention has higher C/N ratio, can be used for fixing inorganic nitrogen, can activate organic nitrogen in soil and reduce nitrogen loss, can meet nutrient substances required by crop growth, overcomes the defects of imbalanced C/N ratio and ineffective control of the carbon and nitrogen content of farmland soil after the conventional fertilizer is used, has excellent effect in the aspects of developing ecological agriculture and environmental-friendly agriculture and protecting soil resources and improves the utilization rate of agricultural wastes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural environmental protection, be specifically related to a kind of organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, the applying quantity of chemical fertilizer in China arable land is increase trend.Exist the cash crop fertilising excessive, the problem that plant recovery of nutrient is low, one of them important reasons are exactly the C/N ratio imbalance of soil.Agricultural land soil carbon nitrogen content, ratio and to have form be one of principal element that influences ecological regulatory function of soil nutrient and fertility level.In recent years, become one of main cash crop of peasant planting in the regional area garlic, the Root Distribution of garlic is shallow, and the root hair is few, a little less than the fertilizer sucting ability, the quality and quantity of fertilizer is required than higher.Because the peasant pays attention to the garlic economic benefit, fertilising is mainly based on nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), the ubiquitous problem of present fertilising is to make the C/N ratio imbalance of soil, agricultural land soil carbon nitrogen content is not effectively controlled, improper fertilization in addition causes the anti-adversity of garlic progressively to reduce, the nitrogen absorption rate is low, nitrogen loss risk strengthens.
Show after deliberation, can improve the soil nutrient utilization ratio, therefore can make the garlic production promoting increment by increasing organic matter by increasing organic matter.Organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer be a kind of be main raw material with the agriculture and forestry organic waste material, be aided with and culture the new medium product that the ight soil processing and fabricating forms.The organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic to be alleviating organic matter, improves the fertility level of soil by the transformation of nitrogen form in reinforced soil biological metabolism intensity, the soil, guaranteeing can to reduce farmland nitrogen number of dropouts under the crop yield prerequisite.
Agricultural wastes (agricultural residue) are meant the organic class material that is dropped in whole agricultural production process, mainly comprise: the vegetable remains class waste that produces in the agriculture forestry planting production process; The remaining waste of the animal class that produces in the aquaculture production process; The remaining waste of the processing class that produces in the processing of farm products process, they contain crop nutrition contents such as abundant organic matter and certain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, also play important regulatory role in farmland ecosystem, have very high recycle and are worth.According to investigations, Chinese crop material resource quantity surpassed 7.6 hundred million tons in 2006, wherein, and crop material nitrogen, phosphorus (P
2O
5), potassium (K
2O) the nutrient resource quantity reaches 7,760,000 tons, 2,490,000 tons, 1,342 ten thousand tons respectively.Utilize direction from crop material, crop material also feeding, the straw burning in field, stalk and other purposes proportions is respectively 24.3%, 29.9%, 35.3% and 10.5%.The straw-returning ratio space that still has greatly improved.In addition, along with greatly developing of various places aquaculture, the ratio that the raiser arbitrarily stacks the ight soil of animal is very big, and animal excrement are used for and the time control in field is unreasonable, make that the nutrient loss of animal excrement is serious, and very easily cause water body and groundwater pollution.
Therefore, research and utilization agricultural wastes and animal excrement prepare a kind of effective organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer that is used for garlic and have great significance.
Summary of the invention
Problem or deficiency according to above-mentioned existence, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic and preparation method thereof is provided, after the present invention squeezes agricultural stalk, with the animal excrement proportioning of becoming thoroughly decomposed, through " the dried fermentation method of high temperature ", obtain of the present inventionly having high C/N than organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer.Enrich in the organic ridging base starting material source that is used for garlic of the present invention, production technique is simple, product appearance is good, agricultural waste utilization rate height, product is easy to use, effect is remarkable after being used for the garlic field, and present minimizing soil nitrogen is run off, delay soil nitrogen and discharge, and there is very important effect the environment aspect.
In order to reach above purpose, the present invention adopts following technical solution:
A kind of organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic, this organic ridging water content of substrate that is used for garlic is 18%, and C/N is 30-40, and the main nutrient that comprises is: easy decomposition organic matter＜5%; N+P
2O
5+ K
2Total nutrient content＜5% of O; Alleviate organic〉40%, the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic that makes is made up of following raw material and weight percent thereof: fowl and animal excrement and organic-biological residual body: 35-85%; Bright stalk: the 15-65% of agricultural or forestry.
The C/N of the bright stalk of agricultural or forestry in the described raw material〉40%.
C/N＜30% of fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological in the described raw material.
The above-mentioned preparation method who is used for the ridging matrix of garlic comprises the steps:
1. bright stalk is cut into 10cm squeezes then with pricking cutting mill, the moisture of bright stalk is reduced to below 30%, make bright stalk dehydration, take off small molecules carbon;
2. be mixed into fermentation raw material with the bright stalk after manure of livestock and poultry fertilizer and residual body of organic-biological and the squeezing, thereby regulate the C/N of the bright stalk after the squeezing;
3. adopt " anaerobic high temperature fermentation " to carry out decomposition fermentation raw material, the fermentation time of anaerobic high temperature fermentation is 10 days, temperature rises to 60～70 ℃ promptly ends, thereby removes the easy decomposition organic matter in the fermentation raw material, makes in organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer easily the decomposition organic content less than 5%;
4. decomposition is good fermentation raw material cools off, dry, pulverize, sieve, pack at last organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer, particle length is 0.5～1cm.
Described dehydration, take off small molecules carbon, be meant, small molecules such as monose, polysaccharide in the bright stalk are removed, realize that carbon source filters by squeezing bright stalk.
The C/N of the bright stalk after the described adjusting squeezing regulates with fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological.
The matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer after the described anaerobic high temperature fermentation is in half fermentation state.
The organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of the present invention helps fertilizing soil, improves soil organic matter content, develops eco-agriculture, and the environmental protection agricultural is protected soil resource, has improved the utilization ratio of agricultural wastes and excrement of animals, can large-scale popularization use on agricultural.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is of the present invention to be used for preparation method's the process flow sheet of organic ridging matrix of garlic.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Embodiment
A kind of organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic is characterized in that, this organic ridging water content of substrate that is used for garlic is 18%, and C/N is 30-40, and the main nutrient that comprises is: easy decomposition organic matter＜5%; N+P
2O
5+ K
2Total nutrient content＜5% of O; Alleviate organic〉40%, the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic that makes is made up of following raw material and weight percent thereof: fowl and animal excrement and organic-biological residual body: 35-85%, C/N＜30% of fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological; Bright stalk: the 15-65% of agricultural or forestry, the C/N of the bright stalk of agricultural or forestry〉40%.
The above-mentioned preparation method who is used for organic ridging matrix of garlic comprises the steps:
1. bright stalk is squeezed, make bright stalk dehydration, take off small molecules carbon; Bright stalk is cut into 10cm squeezes then with pricking cutting mill, the moisture of bright stalk is reduced to below 30%; Described dehydration, take off small molecules carbon, be meant, small molecules such as monose, polysaccharide in the bright stalk are removed, realize that carbon source filters by squeezing bright stalk.
2. be mixed into fermentation raw material with the bright stalk after manure of livestock and poultry fertilizer and residual body of organic-biological and the squeezing, thereby regulate the C/N of the bright stalk after the squeezing; The C/N of the bright stalk after the described adjusting squeezing regulates with fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological.
3. adopt " anaerobic high temperature fermentation " to carry out decomposition fermentation raw material, the fermentation time of anaerobic high temperature fermentation is 10 days, temperature rises to 60～70 ℃ promptly ends, thereby removes the easy decomposition organic matter in the fermentation raw material, makes in organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer easily the decomposition organic content less than 5%; The matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer after the described anaerobic high temperature fermentation is in half fermentation state.
4. decomposition is good fermentation raw material cools off, dry, pulverize, sieve, pack at last organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer, particle length is 0.5～1cm.
The organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of the present invention is compared with traditional fertilizer, specifically distinguishes as follows:
1, the organic composition difference that contains
The organic composition of the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of the present invention and traditional fertilizer is relatively as table 1:
Traditional fertilizer of table 1 and the organic ridging of ridging matrix index
By shown in the table 1, the organic matter of traditional fertilizer is to be difficult to resolve organic matter, and traditional fertilizer decomposes to steady state fully with easy decomposition organic matter and alleviation organic matter in fermentation (anaerobic high temperature fermentation, the double fermentation of itching, simple compost) process.
And the organic matter of the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of the present invention is to alleviate organic matter, the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic is at the anaerobic high temperature fermenting process, by control fermentation time and leavening temperature (60-70 ℃), make organic matter be in half fermentation state.
2, the purpose difference of using
The tradition fertilizer is to be purpose for crop provides nutritive substance, and during the fermentation, the legibility of traditional fertilizer nutrient organic and that alleviate in the organic matter discharges fully, makes the nutrient ample supply give crop.
And the organic ridging matrix of garlic that is used for of the present invention is to excite the soil microorganism active, it is purpose that inorganic nitrogen in soil is changed into the organonitrogen fixing, its organic matter is mainly to alleviate organic matter, after being manured into soil, excite the activity of soil organisms, reach inorganic nitrogen and organonitrogen and transform fixing and slowly release, reach the purpose that promotes soil quality, reduces the nitrogen number of dropouts.
3, fabrication process condition difference
Compare with traditional organic fertilizer production technology, many small molecules carbon processes of taking off of squeezing bright stalk in the complete processing of the present invention, high-temperature anaerobic fermentation fully decomposed the easy decomposition organic matter in the fermentation raw material in 10 days, organic matter is basic not to be decomposed and alleviate, and the organic matter that final assurance is used for organic ridging matrix of garlic is in half fermentation state.
Embodiment 1: maize straw and cow dung are the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of main raw material
Cow dung 80%
Maize straw 20%
The preparation process of organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic is as follows:
To bright stalk squeeze make it the dehydration, take off small molecules carbon, make its organic matter mainly to alleviate organic matter; Be mixed into fermentation raw material with the bright stalk after manure of livestock and poultry fertilizer and residual body of organic-biological and the squeezing, thereby regulate the C/N of the bright stalk after the squeezing; The C/N that guarantees the organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer in fermentation back is 30～40; Adopt " anaerobic high temperature fermentation " to carry out decomposition fermentation raw material, thereby remove the easy decomposition organic matter in the fermentation raw material, make the easy decomposition organic content of the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic less than 5%; The fermentation time of anaerobic high temperature fermentation was at 10 days, and temperature rises to 60～70
oC promptly ends.Anaerobic high temperature fermentation back ridging matrix is in half fermentation state; With decomposition completely fermentation raw material cool off, dry, pulverize, sieve, pack to such an extent that be used for organic ridging matrix of garlic at last, particle length is 0.5～1cm.
The organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of utilization present embodiment preparation has been carried out the garlic field test in basin, Erhai, state, Dali.Processing is set to: blank-as not execute any fertilizer; The fertilising of custom-peasant habit, the self-produced fertilizer 0.6t/ of peasant mu, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 45kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu; Organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer-use this matrix 0.6t/ mu evenly covers back earthing, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 25kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P on the garlic seed with matrix
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu.
Test-results sees Table 2, table 3, because the garlic seed exists deepfreeze to make the mutagenesis of bifurcation garlic become the process of only garlic several weeks, therefore its induced mutation rate instability adjusts its effect with economic benefit here.(1) output value aspect: 10.95 ten thousand yuan/ha of space management, custom are handled 13.86 ten thousand yuan/ha, 14.64 ten thousand yuan/ha of matrix treatments.The more blank economic benefit of matrix treatments improves 33.8%, improves 5.63% than the habits fertilization economic benefit.(2) environment aspect: after garlic was gathered, blank, custom and three of matrix were handled arable layer (0-30cm) content of inorganic nitrogen in soil 13.73mg.kg respectively
-1, 103.3mg.kg
-1And 30.7mg.kg
-1, use this matrix and compare with habits fertilization and can reduce nitrogen loss risk 272kg.ha
-1
Embodiment 2: maize straw and chicken manure are organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer of main raw material
Present embodiment is according to following preparation of raw material:
Chicken manure 40%
Maize straw 60%
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and field test can have good production-increasing function to garlic equally.
Carried out the garlic field test in basin, Erhai, state, Dali.Processing is set to: blank-as not execute any fertilizer; The fertilising of custom-peasant habit, the self-produced fertilizer 0.6t/ of peasant mu, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 45kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu; Organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer-use this matrix 0.6t/ mu evenly covers back earthing, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 25kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P on the garlic seed with matrix
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu.
Test-results sees Table 2, table 3, because the garlic seed exists deepfreeze to make the mutagenesis of bifurcation garlic become the process of only garlic several weeks, its induced mutation rate instability is so adjust its effect with economic benefit here.(1) output value aspect: 10.95 ten thousand yuan/ha of space management, custom are handled 13.86 ten thousand yuan/ha, 14.64 ten thousand yuan/ha of matrix treatments.The more blank economic benefit of matrix treatments improves 33.8%, improves 5.63% than the habits fertilization economic benefit.(2) environment aspect: after garlic was gathered, blank, custom and three of matrix were handled arable layer (0-30cm) content of inorganic nitrogen in soil and are respectively 13.73mg.kg
-1, 103.3mg.kg
-1And 28.7mg.kg
-1, use this matrix and compare with habits fertilization and can reduce nitrogen loss risk 279kg.ha
-1
Embodiment 3: maize straw and pig manure are organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer of main raw material
Pig manure 50%
Maize straw 50%
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and field test can have good production-increasing function to garlic equally.
Carried out the garlic field test in basin, Erhai, state, Dali.Processing is set to: blank-as not execute any fertilizer; The fertilising of custom-peasant habit, the self-produced fertilizer 0.6t/ of peasant mu, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 45kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu; Organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer-use this matrix 0.6t/ mu evenly covers back earthing, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 25kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P on the garlic seed with matrix
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu.
Test-results sees Table 2, table 3, because the garlic seed exists deepfreeze to make the mutagenesis of bifurcation garlic become the process of only garlic several weeks, its induced mutation rate instability is so adjust its effect with economic benefit here.(1) output value aspect: 10.95 ten thousand yuan/ha of space management, custom are handled 13.86 ten thousand yuan/ha, 15.34 ten thousand yuan/ha of matrix treatments.The more blank economic benefit of matrix treatments improves 33.8%, improves 10.64% than the habits fertilization economic benefit.(2) environment aspect: after garlic was gathered, blank, custom and three of matrix were handled arable layer (0-30cm) content of inorganic nitrogen in soil and are respectively 13.73mg.kg
-1, 103.3mg.kg
-1And 33.9mg.kg
-1, use this matrix and compare with habits fertilization and can reduce nitrogen loss risk 260kg.ha
-1
Table 2 different ingredients garlic economic benefit relatively
The organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of table 3 different ingredients to topsoil gong (0-30cm) nitrogen loss risk relatively
The invention is not restricted to above several embodiment, proportioning raw materials of the present invention can be adjusted according to the location soil status, all can reach promising result.
Claims (7)
1. the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic is characterized in that, this organic ridging water content of substrate that is used for garlic is 18%, and C/N is 30-40, and the main nutrient that comprises is: easy decomposition organic matter＜5%; N+P
2O
5+ K
2Total nutrient content＜5% of O; Alleviate organic〉40%, the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic that makes is made up of following raw material and weight percent thereof: fowl and animal excrement and organic-biological residual body: 35-85%; Bright stalk: the 15-65% of agricultural or forestry.
2. the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the C/N of the bright stalk of agricultural or forestry in the described raw material〉40%.
3. the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, C/N＜30% of fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological in the described raw material.
4. the described preparation method who is used for the ridging matrix of garlic of claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1. bright stalk is cut into 10cm squeezes then with pricking cutting mill, the moisture of bright stalk is reduced to below 30%, make bright stalk dehydration, take off small molecules carbon;
2. be mixed into fermentation raw material with the bright stalk after manure of livestock and poultry fertilizer and residual body of organic-biological and the squeezing, thereby regulate the C/N of the bright stalk after the squeezing;
3. adopt " anaerobic high temperature fermentation " to carry out decomposition fermentation raw material, the fermentation time of anaerobic high temperature fermentation is 10 days, temperature rises to 60～70 ℃ promptly ends, thereby removes the easy decomposition organic matter in the fermentation raw material, makes in organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer easily the decomposition organic content less than 5%;
4. decomposition is good fermentation raw material cools off, dry, pulverize, sieve, pack at last organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer, particle length is 0.5～1cm.
5. as method as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that, described dehydration, take off small molecules carbon, be meant, small molecules such as monose, polysaccharide in the bright stalk are removed, realize that carbon source filters by squeezing bright stalk.
6. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the C/N of the bright stalk after the described adjusting squeezing regulates with fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological.
7. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer after the described anaerobic high temperature fermentation is in half fermentation state.
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| CN101941855B CN101941855B (en) | 2013-03-20 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081707A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-05-08 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Protective cultivation method of tea garden |
| CN103483045A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-01 | 句容市植保植检站 | Organic hilling matrix for Chinese chives and preparation method of organic hilling matrix |
| CN104012385A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-03 | 王本明 | Soilless cultivation method of organic leguminous vegetables |
| CN109699435A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-05-03 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Intensive garlic producing region nitrogen phosphorus pollution of area source prevention and control ecological matrix and production method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103081707A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-05-08 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Protective cultivation method of tea garden |
| CN103483045A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-01 | 句容市植保植检站 | Organic hilling matrix for Chinese chives and preparation method of organic hilling matrix |
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| CN104012385A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-03 | 王本明 | Soilless cultivation method of organic leguminous vegetables |
| CN104012385B (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-06-15 | 王本明 | A kind of soilless culture method of organic legume vegetable |
| CN109699435A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-05-03 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Intensive garlic producing region nitrogen phosphorus pollution of area source prevention and control ecological matrix and production method |
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| CN101941855B (en) | 2013-03-20 |
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