CN101941855B - Organic ridging matrix for garlic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic ridging matrix for garlic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101941855B CN101941855B CN2010102820401A CN201010282040A CN101941855B CN 101941855 B CN101941855 B CN 101941855B CN 2010102820401 A CN2010102820401 A CN 2010102820401A CN 201010282040 A CN201010282040 A CN 201010282040A CN 101941855 B CN101941855 B CN 101941855B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural environmental protection and particularly relates to an organic ridging matrix for garlic and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: pressing fresh straw to remove water and micromolecular carbon from the fresh straw; mixing livestock and fowl manure, organismal residual bodies and the pressed fresh straw to prepare fermentation raw materials; decaying the fermentation raw materials by anaerobic high temperature fermentation to remove organic matters which are easy to decay; and cooling, drying, grinding and sieving the fermentation raw materials which are totally decayed to obtain the organic ridging matrix. The organic ridging matrix for the garlic of the invention has higher C/N ratio, can be used for fixing inorganic nitrogen, can activate organic nitrogen in soil and reduce nitrogen loss, can meet nutrient substances required by crop growth, overcomes the defects of imbalanced C/N ratio and ineffective control of the carbon and nitrogen content of farmland soil after the conventional fertilizer is used, has excellent effect in the aspects of developing ecological agriculture and environmental-friendly agriculture and protecting soil resources and improves the utilization rate of agricultural wastes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural environmental protection, be specifically related to a kind of organic ridging matrix for garlic and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, the applying quantity of chemical fertilizer in China arable land is increase trend.Exist the cash crop fertilising excessive, the problem that plant recovery of nutrient is low, one of them important reason are exactly the C/N ratio imbalance of soil.Agricultural land soil carbon nitrogen content, ratio and to have form be one of principal element that affects soil nutrient Ecological regulation services and fertility level.In recent years, become one of Main Economic crop of peasant planting in the regional area garlic, the Root Distribution of garlic is shallow, and the root hair is few, and is a little less than the fertilizer sucting ability, higher to the quality and quantity requirement of fertilizer.Because the peasant pays attention to the garlic economy benefit, fertilising is mainly take nitrogenous fertilizer (urea is as main), the ubiquitous problem of present fertilising is so that the C/N ratio imbalance of soil, agricultural land soil carbon nitrogen content is not effectively controlled, in addition improper fertilization causes the anti-adversity of garlic progressively to reduce, the nitrogen absorption rate is low, nitrogen loss risk strengthens.
Show after deliberation, can improve the soil nutrient utilization ratio by increasing organic matter, therefore can make the garlic production promoting increment by increasing organic matter.Organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer be a kind of take agriculture and forestry organic waste material as main raw material, be aided with the new medium product that cultivation ight soil processing and fabricating forms.The organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic to be alleviating organic matter as main, and the transformation by reinforced soil biological metabolism intensity, Nitrogen In Soils element form improves the fertility level of soil, is guaranteeing can to reduce farmland nitrogen number of dropouts under the crop yield prerequisite.
Agricultural wastes (agricultural residue) refer to mainly comprise the organic material that is dropped: the vegetable remains class waste that produces in the agriculture forestry planting production process in whole agricultural production process; The remaining waste of the animal class that produces in the aquaculture production process; The remaining waste of the processing class that produces in the Processing Farm Produce, they contain the crop nutrition contents such as abundant organic matter and certain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, also play important regulating effect in farmland ecosystem, have very high recycle and are worth.According to investigations, the Crop Straw in China resource quantity surpassed 7.6 hundred million tons in 2006, wherein, and crop material nitrogen, phosphorus (P
2O
5), potassium (K
2O) nutrients resource quantity reaches respectively 7,760,000 tons, 2,490,000 tons, 1,342 ten thousand tons.Utilize direction from crop material, Returning Application of Crop Straw, stalk are feeding, straw burning and other purposes proportions are respectively 24.3%, 29.9%, 35.3% and 10.5%.The straw-returning ratio space that still has greatly improved.In addition, along with greatly developing of various places aquaculture, the ratio that the raiser arbitrarily stacks the ight soil of animal is very large, and animal excrement are unreasonable for the time control of going back the field, so that the nutrient loss of animal excrement is serious, and very easily cause water body and groundwater pollution.
Therefore, research and utilization agricultural wastes and animal excrement prepare a kind of effective organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer for garlic and have great significance.
Summary of the invention
Problem or deficiency according to above-mentioned existence, the object of the invention is to, a kind of organic ridging matrix for garlic and preparation method thereof is provided, after the present invention squeezes agricultural stalk, with the animal excrement proportioning of becoming thoroughly decomposed, through " the dried fermentation method of high temperature ", obtain of the present inventionly having high C/N than organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer.Organic ridging matrix raw material sources for garlic of the present invention are abundant, production technique is simple, product appearance is good, the agricultural waste utilization rate high, product is easy to use, effect is remarkable after being used for the garlic field, and to present minimizing soil nitrogen loss, delay soil nitrogen and discharge, and the environment aspect there is very important effect.
In order to reach above purpose, the present invention adopts following technical solution:
A kind of organic ridging matrix for garlic, the organic ridging matrix water content that should be used for garlic is that 18%, C/N is 30-40, the Main Nutrients that comprises is: easy decomposition organic matter＜5%; N+P
2O
5+ K
2The total nutrient content of O＜5%; Alleviate organic〉40%, the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic that makes is comprised of following raw material and weight percent thereof: fowl and animal excrement and organic-biological residual body: 35-85%; Bright stalk: the 15-65% of agricultural or forestry.
The C/N of the bright stalk of agricultural or forestry in the described raw material〉40%.
The C/N of fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological＜30% in the described raw material.
The preparation method of above-mentioned ridging matrix for garlic comprises the steps:
1. bright stalk is cut into 10cm then squeezes with pricking cutting mill, the moisture of bright stalk is reduced to below 30%, make bright stalk dehydration, take off small molecules carbon;
2. be mixed into fermentation raw material with the bright stalk after manure of livestock and poultry fertilizer and the residual body of organic-biological and the squeezing, thereby regulate the C/N of the bright stalk after the squeezing;
3. adopt " anaerobic high temperature fermentation " to carry out decomposition fermentation raw material, the fermentation time of anaerobic high temperature fermentation is 10 days, temperature rises to 60～70 ℃ namely ends, thereby the easy decomposition of removing in the fermentation raw material is organic, makes in organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer easily the decomposition organic content less than 5%;
4. the fermentation raw material that decomposition is good cool off, dry, pulverize, sieve, pack at last to get organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer, particle length is 0.5～1cm.
Described dehydration, take off small molecules carbon, refer to by squeezing bright stalk the small molecules such as monose, polysaccharide in the bright stalk be removed, realize that carbon source filters.
The C/N of the bright stalk after the described adjusting squeezing regulates with fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological.
The matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer after the described anaerobic high temperature fermentation is in half fermentation state.
Organic ridging matrix for garlic of the present invention is conducive to fertilizing soil, improves soil organic matter content, develop eco-agriculture, and the environmental protection agricultural, the soil protection resource has improved the utilization ratio of agricultural wastes and excrement of animals, can large-scale popularization use on agricultural.
Description of drawings
The preparation method's of Fig. 1 organic ridging matrix for garlic of the present invention process flow sheet.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Embodiment
A kind of organic ridging matrix for garlic is characterized in that, the organic ridging matrix water content that should be used for garlic is that 18%, C/N is 30-40, and the Main Nutrients that comprises is: easy decomposition organic matter＜5%; N+P
2O
5+ K
2The total nutrient content of O＜5%; Alleviate organic〉40%, the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic that makes is comprised of following raw material and weight percent thereof: fowl and animal excrement and organic-biological residual body: 35-85%, the C/N of fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological＜30%; Bright stalk: the 15-65% of agricultural or forestry, the C/N of the bright stalk of agricultural or forestry〉40%.
The preparation method of above-mentioned organic ridging matrix for garlic comprises the steps:
1. bright stalk is squeezed, make bright stalk dehydration, take off small molecules carbon; Bright stalk is cut into 10cm then squeezes with pricking cutting mill, the moisture of bright stalk is reduced to below 30%; Described dehydration, take off small molecules carbon, refer to by squeezing bright stalk the small molecules such as monose, polysaccharide in the bright stalk be removed, realize that carbon source filters.
2. be mixed into fermentation raw material with the bright stalk after manure of livestock and poultry fertilizer and the residual body of organic-biological and the squeezing, thereby regulate the C/N of the bright stalk after the squeezing; The C/N of the bright stalk after the described adjusting squeezing regulates with fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological.
3. adopt " anaerobic high temperature fermentation " to carry out decomposition fermentation raw material, the fermentation time of anaerobic high temperature fermentation is 10 days, temperature rises to 60～70 ℃ namely ends, thereby the easy decomposition of removing in the fermentation raw material is organic, makes in organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer easily the decomposition organic content less than 5%; The matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer after the described anaerobic high temperature fermentation is in half fermentation state.
4. the fermentation raw material that decomposition is good cool off, dry, pulverize, sieve, pack at last to get organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer, particle length is 0.5～1cm.
Organic ridging matrix for garlic of the present invention is compared with traditional fertilizer, specifically distinguishes as follows:
1, the organic composition that contains is different
Of the present invention for garlic organic ridging matrix and the organic composition of traditional fertilizer relatively such as table 1:
The traditional fertilizer of table 1 and the organic ridging matrix index of ridging
By shown in the table 1, the organic matter of traditional fertilizer is to be difficult to resolve organic matter as main, and traditional fertilizer decomposes to steady state fully with easy decomposition organic matter and alleviation organic matter in fermentation (anaerobic high temperature fermentation, the double fermentation of itching, simple compost) process.
And the organic matter of the organic ridging matrix for garlic of the present invention is to alleviate organic matter as main, be used for the organic ridging matrix of garlic at the anaerobic high temperature fermenting process, by controlled fermentation time and leavening temperature (60-70 ℃), so that organic matter is in half fermentation state.
2, the purpose of using is different
The tradition fertilizer is to be purpose for crop provides nutritive substance, and during the fermentation, the legibility of traditional fertilizer nutrient organic and that alleviate in the organic matter discharges fully, so that the nutrient ample supply is to crop.
And organic ridging matrix for garlic of the present invention is to excite Soil Microorganism active, it is purpose that inorganic nitrogen in soil is changed into the organonitrogen fixing, its organic matter is mainly to alleviate organic matter as main, after being manured into soil, excite the activity of soil organisms, reach inorganic nitrogen and organonitrogen and transform fixing and slowly release, reach the purpose that promotes soil quality, reduces the nitrogen number of dropouts.
3, fabrication process condition is different
Compare with traditional organic fertilizer production technique, many small molecules carbon processes of taking off of squeezing bright stalk in the complete processing of the present invention, high-temperature anaerobic fermentation fully decomposed the easy decomposition organic matter in the fermentation raw material in 10 days, organic matter is basic not to be decomposed and alleviate, and the organic matter that final assurance is used for the organic ridging matrix of garlic is in half fermentation state.
Embodiment 1: maize straw and cow dung are the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of main raw material
Cow dung 80%
Maize straw 20%
The preparation process of organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic is as follows:
To bright stalk squeeze make it the dehydration, take off small molecules carbon, so that its organic matter is mainly to alleviate organic matter as main; Be mixed into fermentation raw material with the bright stalk after manure of livestock and poultry fertilizer and the residual body of organic-biological and the squeezing, thereby regulate the C/N of the bright stalk after the squeezing; The C/N that guarantees the rear organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer of fermentation is 30～40; Adopt " anaerobic high temperature fermentation " to carry out decomposition fermentation raw material, thereby the easy decomposition of removing in the fermentation raw material is organic, so that be used for the easy decomposition organic content of the organic ridging matrix of garlic less than 5%; The fermentation time of anaerobic high temperature fermentation was at 10 days, and temperature rises to 60～70
oC namely ends.Ridging matrix is in half fermentation state after the anaerobic high temperature fermentation; With decomposition completely fermentation raw material cool off, dry, pulverize, sieve, pack at last to such an extent that be used for the organic ridging matrix of garlic, particle length is 0.5～1cm.
Use the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of present embodiment preparation, Erhai Lake basin has carried out the garlic field test in the state, Dali.Processing is set to: blank-as not execute any fertilizer; The fertilising of custom-peasant habit, the self-produced fertilizer 0.6t/ of peasant mu, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 45kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu; Organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer-use this matrix 0.6t/ mu, with earthing, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 25kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P after the matrix uniform fold is on the garlic seed
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu.
Test-results sees Table 2, table 3, because the garlic seed exists deepfreeze to make the mutagenesis of bifurcation garlic become the process of only garlic several weeks, its induced mutation rate is unstable, therefore adjusts its effect with economic benefit here.(1) output value aspect: 10.95 ten thousand yuan/ha of space management, custom are processed 13.86 ten thousand yuan/ha, 14.64 ten thousand yuan/ha of matrix treatments.The more blank economic benefit of matrix treatments improves 33.8%, improves 5.63% than the habits fertilization economic benefit.(2) environment aspect: after garlic was gathered, blank, custom and three of matrix were processed respectively 13.73mg.kg of arable layer (0-30cm) content of inorganic nitrogen in soil
-1, 103.3mg.kg
-1And 30.7mg.kg
-1, use this matrix and compare with habits fertilization and can reduce nitrogen loss risk 272kg.ha
-1
Embodiment 2: maize straw and chicken manure are organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer of main raw material
Present embodiment is according to following preparation of raw material:
Chicken manure 40%
Maize straw 60%
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and field test can have good production-increasing function to garlic equally.
Erhai Lake basin has carried out the garlic field test in the state, Dali.Processing is set to: blank-as not execute any fertilizer; The fertilising of custom-peasant habit, the self-produced fertilizer 0.6t/ of peasant mu, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 45kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu; Organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer-use this matrix 0.6t/ mu, with earthing, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 25kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P after the matrix uniform fold is on the garlic seed
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu.
Test-results sees Table 2, table 3, because the garlic seed exists deepfreeze to make the mutagenesis of bifurcation garlic become the process of only garlic several weeks, its induced mutation rate is unstable, so adjust its effect with economic benefit here.(1) output value aspect: 10.95 ten thousand yuan/ha of space management, custom are processed 13.86 ten thousand yuan/ha, 14.64 ten thousand yuan/ha of matrix treatments.The more blank economic benefit of matrix treatments improves 33.8%, improves 5.63% than the habits fertilization economic benefit.(2) environment aspect: after garlic was gathered, blank, custom and three of matrix were processed arable layer (0-30cm) content of inorganic nitrogen in soil and are respectively 13.73mg.kg
-1, 103.3mg.kg
-1And 28.7mg.kg
-1, use this matrix and compare with habits fertilization and can reduce nitrogen loss risk 279kg.ha
-1
Embodiment 3: maize straw and pig manure are organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer of main raw material
Pig manure 50%
Maize straw 50%
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and field test can have good production-increasing function to garlic equally.
Erhai Lake basin has carried out the garlic field test in the state, Dali.Processing is set to: blank-as not execute any fertilizer; The fertilising of custom-peasant habit, the self-produced fertilizer 0.6t/ of peasant mu, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 45kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu; Organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer-use this matrix 0.6t/ mu, with earthing, fertilizer nitrogen (N) 25kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer phosphorus (P after the matrix uniform fold is on the garlic seed
2O
5) 12kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer potassium (K
2O) 25kg/ mu.
Test-results sees Table 2, table 3, because the garlic seed exists deepfreeze to make the mutagenesis of bifurcation garlic become the process of only garlic several weeks, its induced mutation rate is unstable, so adjust its effect with economic benefit here.(1) output value aspect: 10.95 ten thousand yuan/ha of space management, custom are processed 13.86 ten thousand yuan/ha, 15.34 ten thousand yuan/ha of matrix treatments.The more blank economic benefit of matrix treatments improves 33.8%, improves 10.64% than the habits fertilization economic benefit.(2) environment aspect: after garlic was gathered, blank, custom and three of matrix were processed arable layer (0-30cm) content of inorganic nitrogen in soil and are respectively 13.73mg.kg
-1, 103.3mg.kg
-1And 33.9mg.kg
-1, use this matrix and compare with habits fertilization and can reduce nitrogen loss risk 260kg.ha
-1
Table 2 different ingredients garlic economy benefit relatively
The organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic of table 3 different ingredients to topsoil gong (0-30cm) nitrogen loss risk relatively
The invention is not restricted to above several embodiment, proportioning raw materials of the present invention can be adjusted according to the location soil status, all can reach promising result.
Claims (4)
1. be used for the preparation method of the ridging matrix of garlic, it is characterized in that the ridging matrix water content that the method makes is that 18%, C/N is 30-40, the Main Nutrients that comprises is: easy decomposition organic matter＜5%; N+P
2O
5+ K
2The total nutrient content of O＜5%; Alleviate organic〉40%; Described ridging matrix is made by following raw material and weight percent thereof: fowl and animal excrement and organic-biological residual body: 35-85%; Bright stalk: the 15-65% of agricultural or forestry; The preparation of described ridging matrix specifically comprises the steps:
1. bright stalk is cut into 10cm then squeezes with pricking cutting mill, the moisture of bright stalk is reduced to below 30%, make bright stalk dehydration, take off small molecules carbon; Described dehydration, take off small molecules carbon, refer to by squeezing bright stalk the small molecules such as monose, polysaccharide in the bright stalk be removed, realize that carbon source filters;
2. be mixed into fermentation raw material with the bright stalk after manure of livestock and poultry fertilizer and the residual body of organic-biological and the squeezing, thereby regulate the C/N of the bright stalk after the squeezing; The C/N of the bright stalk after the described adjusting squeezing regulates with fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological;
3. adopt " anaerobic high temperature fermentation " to carry out decomposition fermentation raw material, the fermentation time of anaerobic high temperature fermentation is 10 days, temperature rises to 60～70 ℃ namely ends, thereby the easy decomposition of removing in the fermentation raw material is organic, makes in organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer easily the decomposition organic content less than 5%; The matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer after the described anaerobic high temperature fermentation is in half fermentation state;
4. the fermentation raw material that decomposition is good cool off, dry, pulverize, sieve, pack at last to get organic matrix of fostering and apply fertilizer, particle length is 0.5～1cm.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the C/N of the bright stalk of agricultural or forestry in the described raw material〉0.4.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the C/N of fowl and animal excrement and the residual body of organic-biological＜0.3 in the described raw material.
4. application rights requires the organic ridging matrix that is used for garlic that 1 method prepares.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109699435A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-05-03 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Intensive garlic producing region nitrogen phosphorus pollution of area source prevention and control ecological matrix and production method |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081707A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-05-08 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Protective cultivation method of tea garden |
| CN103483045B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-06-24 | 句容市植保植检站 | Organic hilling matrix for Chinese chives and preparation method of organic hilling matrix |
| CN104012385B (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-06-15 | 王本明 | A kind of soilless culture method of organic legume vegetable |
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| CN1276362A (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2000-12-13 | 刘晓荣 | Organic base fertilizer and preparing process thereof |
| CN1310934A (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2001-09-05 | 刘根奇 | Full-nutrient soilless culture substrate and processing method thereof |
| CN101438674A (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-27 | 北京北科京大高新农业科技有限公司 | Simple high-efficient soilless culture technique |
| CN101697704A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2010-04-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soilless cultivation organic substrate used for seedling raising of capsicums and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1310934A (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2001-09-05 | 刘根奇 | Full-nutrient soilless culture substrate and processing method thereof |
| CN1276362A (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2000-12-13 | 刘晓荣 | Organic base fertilizer and preparing process thereof |
| CN101438674A (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-27 | 北京北科京大高新农业科技有限公司 | Simple high-efficient soilless culture technique |
| CN101697704A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2010-04-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soilless cultivation organic substrate used for seedling raising of capsicums and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109699435A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-05-03 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Intensive garlic producing region nitrogen phosphorus pollution of area source prevention and control ecological matrix and production method |
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