CN101940116B - Technical method for culturing gastrodia elata at one time under forest - Google Patents
Technical method for culturing gastrodia elata at one time under forest Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technical method for culturing gastrodia elata at one time under forest, which comprises gastrodia elata seed production technology, land selection and preparation technology, seed treatment technology, seeding technology, nutrient regulation and management technology and gastrodia elata harvest method. The method has the advantages of capacity of not struggling for land with crops, short production cycle, manual labor and bacteria conservation, capacity of avoiding variety degeneration and effectively preventing large head and small tail of the gastrodia elata body, and obvious ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of traditional Chinese medicine culture technique method, particularly a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sylvan life once becomes numb culture technique method.
Background technology
The artificial conventional cultivation method of rhizoma Gastrodiae is to accomplish in three steps of branch; The first step is to cultivate arrow fiber crops bolting to bloom; Obtain capsule (carry out general 4～June) by artificial supplementary pollination; The seed that usefulness is ripe admixes Germination Strain and halimasch material companion plants (time of sowing is generally June); Sprout and formation rice fiber crops (one-level kind, a November then); Second step was to plant with the rice fiber crops; Plant (being generally then expands numerous November) with halimasch material companion; Can form hemp (secondary kind fiber crops in October, second; Also be cultigen); The 3rd step was to plant with hemp 1 year 10～November; Add new rod companion with Armillaria mellea and plant, obtain commodity fiber crops (arrow fiber crops) after in October, the 3rd, and can obtain a large amount of hemps, rice fiber crops.Owing to carry out vegetative propagation continuously with rice fiber crops and hemp; Deterioration of variety is (numb body elongated, attenuate) obviously; And cause secondary to connect bacterium because of turning over to plant for many twice; Not only need to plant the no nutrition of fiber crops in about 20 days at every turn and stop growing, and some is planted fiber crops and can not normally connect bacterium and cause death in turning over the process of planting, and has reduced and has planted numb availability.The sowing of growth cycle once, expand numerous once, plantation once, 3 years consuming time ability results arrow fiber crops increase recruitment, expend the bacterium material.
The rhizoma Gastrodiae sylvan life once becomes numb culture technique method to compare with the conventional cultivation method, at sylvan life ridging case, uses planting seed; Once become fiber crops, shortened 1 year harvest time, do not strive ground with crops; Reduced the destruction of surface vegetation and soil layer, reduced the phenomenon of the mashed fiber crops of ponding, reduced to turn over and planted number of times; Reduce the consumption of artificial and bacterium material, can also effectively prevent deterioration of variety, its ecological benefits, economic benefit, obvious social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sylvan life and once become numb culture technique method.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:
Rhizoma Gastrodiae sylvan life of the present invention once becomes numb culture technique method to comprise (1) seeds of Gastrodia elata production technology; (2) choosing ground entire technique; (3) seed processing technology; (4) seeding technique; (5) collecting method of nutrient regulation and administration technology and (6) rhizoma Gastrodiae.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae sylvan life of the present invention once becomes numb culture technique method to be:
(1) seeds of Gastrodia elata production technology: choose single then body more than 130～180g, full physically well developed, arrow that bodily form aspect ratio is 2-4: the 1-3 fiber crops of terminal bud; Increase ground temperature indoor through manual work in early March in advance; Ground temperature is controlled at 10 ℃～20 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at 70～90%; Cultivate arrow fiber crops bolting and bloom, 15～30 days laggard pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination are regulated unanimity with different parents' florescence, carry out hybridization pollination, remove the two ends of inflorescence during pollination, and the bottom is removed 1～3, and top is removed 2～5; Pollination back 15～25 days, the capsule of bearing begins deliquescing, and seed is plucked when Powdered seed becomes flesh pink in early and middle ten days maturation in April;
(2) choosing ground entire technique: select height above sea level 800～2000m, the gradient is at 5～20 degree, and soil subacidity, bottom are that yellow soil, top layer have non-aromatics woody plant broad-leaved open forest land humous more than the 2-8cm; Select woodland space ridging case; The wide 1-2m that is no more than, along contour around beat the some timbers that 40-60cm is high, the thick dry branches and fallen leaves bed course of ridge face shop 3-8cm; On bed course, put one deck bacterium rod, consumption is 5-8Kg/m
2Bacterium rod is owing to make provenance, Fagaceae linden with three grades of halimasch kinds at the beginning of 2 months then and make the bacterium material and cultivate and form, and three grades of halimasch kinds of every 0.2-0.8 weight portion can the excellent 20-30 weight portion of culture bacteria, and the space is 10-20cm between the bacterium rod; The space is got humus soil and is filled and led up to rod, removes one deck broad-leaved leaf on the rod;
Wherein said three grades of halimasch kinds are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1-3kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 1-3 hour; Steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 8-12 hour medium; The female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level, the female medium of planting switchable to the 2-3 weight portion in each test tube slant is cultivated medium control in 22-25 ℃, the environment of humidity 60-70% 20-30 days again; Can obtain secondary halimasch kind, the medium that more every 0.3-0.8 weight portion secondary halimasch kind is transferred to the 30-50 weight portion is cultivated by same method and is promptly got three grades of halimasch kinds;
Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of non-aromatics broad-leaved weed tree sawdust 70-80 weight portion, rice bran or wheat bran skin 18-20 weight portion, sucrose 0.5-1.5 weight portion, gypsum 0.5-1.5 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 0.5-1.5 weight portion, water 120-150 parts by volume, and preferred culture medium is made up of non-aromatics broad-leaved weed tree sawdust 78 weight portions, rice bran or wheat bran skin 20 weight portions, sucrose 1 weight portion, gypsum 1 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 1 weight portion, water 135 parts by volume;
(3) seed processing technology: the pericarp of the ripe capsule of strip off; Pulverous seed evenly is sprinkling upon on the leaf that is mixed with three grades of Germination Strains; The per kilogram bacterial classification is mixed capsule 8-12, and the seed of mixing is covered with material which can retain moisture, and seed is 3-7 days in the time of indoor sprouting;
Wherein said three grades of Germination Strains are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1-3kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 1-3 hour; Steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 8-12 hour medium; The female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level, the female medium of planting switchable in each test tube slant to the 2-3 weight portion, control was cultivated 20-30 days in 22-25 ℃, the environment of humidity 60-70%; Can obtain secondary and sprout bacterial classification, more every 0.2-0.8 weight portion secondary sprouted medium that bacterial classification is transferred to the 30-50 weight portion and cultivate by same method and promptly get three grades of sprouting bacterial classifications;
Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of the assorted leaf 70-80 weight portion of air-dry Fagaceae broad-leaved, rice bran or wheat bran skin 18-20 weight portion, sucrose 0.5-1.5 weight portion, gypsum 0.5-1.5 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 0.5-1.5 weight portion, water 120-150 parts by volume, and preferred culture medium is made up of assorted leaf 78 weight portions of air-dry Fagaceae broad-leaved, rice bran or wheat bran skin 20 weight portions, sucrose 1 weight portion, gypsum 1 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 1 weight portion, water 135 parts by volume;
(4) seeding technique: mid or late April sows through indoor sprouting, has mixed the sexual seed of rhizoma Gastrodiae of Germination Strain at the ridge face of spreading leaf then; Every square metre of amount of sowing 2～8 capsules; Sprinkle the inoculation halimasch again and cultivated 20-40 days bacterium branch; Below the thick 5cm of bacterium branch, below the long 10cm; Get dry branches and fallen leaves above and mix fertile soil covering 8-12cm; Fix with timber all around, around stopping with assorted filling branch, cover the assorted branch of one deck on the case of ridge and both can;
(5) nutrient regulation and administration technology: in 1 year 5～July after planting, 1～3 starch water of case top-pour on the ridge, starch water add water by mealy potato per jin or sweet potato powder to be processed for 3～12 jin, and every square metre with mealy potato or sweet potato powder 30-70g;
(6) gathering of rhizoma Gastrodiae: in October, second to early November the finished product fiber crops of gathering.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae sylvan life of the present invention once becomes numb culture technique method to be preferably:
(1) seeds of Gastrodia elata production technology: choose single then body more than 150g, full physically well developed, the bodily form aspect ratio of terminal bud is 3: 2 arrow fiber crops, ground temperature is controlled at 12 ℃～18 ℃ through the artificial ground temperature that increases indoor in early March in advance, air humidity is controlled at 80%; Cultivate arrow fiber crops bolting and bloom, 20～25 days laggard pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination are regulated different parents' florescence consistent; Carry out hybridization pollination, remove the two ends of inflorescence during pollination, the bottom is removed 2; Top is removed 3～4, guarantees that the capsule maturity is consistent, pollinates back 20 days; The capsule of bearing begins deliquescing, and seed is plucked when Powdered seed becomes flesh pink in early and middle ten days maturation in April;
(2) choosing ground entire technique: select height above sea level 800～1800m, the gradient is at 5～15 degree, and soil subacidity, bottom are that yellow soil, top layer have non-aromatics woody plant broad-leaved open forest land humous more than the 2-5cm; Select woodland space ridging case; The wide 1.5m that is no more than, along contour around stamp the some timbers that 50cm is high, the ridge face is spread the thick dry branches and fallen leaves of 5cm and is done bed course; On bed course, put one deck bacterium rod, consumption is 6Kg/m
2Bacterium rod since at the beginning of 2 months then with three grades of halimasch kinds make provenance, the Fagaceae linden is made the bacterium material and is cultivated, three grades of halimasch kinds of per 0.5 weight portion can excellent 25 weight portions of culture bacteria, the space is 15-20cm between the bacterium rod; The space is got humus soil and is filled and led up to rod, removes skim broad-leaved leaf on the rod;
Wherein said three grades of halimasch kinds are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1.5kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 2 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 10 hours medium, the female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The switchable medium of the female kind in each test tube slant to 2.5 weight portions; Medium control in 23 ℃, the environment of humidity 65% was cultivated 25 days again, can obtain secondary halimasch kind, the medium that again will per 0.5 weight portion secondary halimasch kind be transferred to 40 weight portions promptly gets three grades of halimasch kinds by same method cultivation;
Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of non-aromatics broad-leaved weed tree sawdust 78 weight portions, rice bran or wheat bran skin 20 weight portions, sucrose 1 weight portion, gypsum 1 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 1 weight portion, water 135 parts by volume;
(3) seed processing technology: the pericarp of the ripe capsule of strip off, pulverous seed evenly is sprinkling upon on the leaf that is mixed with three grades of Germination Strains, the per kilogram bacterial classification is mixed 10 of capsules, and the seed of mixing is covered with the newspaper that drenches, and the indoor seed germination time is 5-7 days;
Wherein said three grades of Germination Strains are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1.5kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 2 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 10 hours medium, the female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The switchable medium of the female kind in each test tube slant to 2.5 weight portions; Control was cultivated 25 days in 23 ℃, the environment of humidity 65%, can obtain secondary and sprout bacterial classification, again will per 0.5 weight portion secondary sprouts medium that bacterial classification is transferred to 40 weight portions and cultivated by same method and promptly get three grades of sprouting bacterial classifications;
Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of assorted leaf 78 weight portions of air-dry Fagaceae broad-leaved, rice bran or wheat bran skin 20 weight portions, sucrose 1 weight portion, gypsum 1 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 1 weight portion, water 135 parts by volume;
(4) seeding technique: mid or late April sows through indoor sprouting, has mixed the sexual seed of rhizoma Gastrodiae of Germination Strain at the ridge face of spreading leaf then; Every square metre of amount of sowing 3～5 capsules; Sprinkle the inoculation halimasch again and cultivated 30 days bacterium branch; Below the thick 5cm of bacterium branch, below the long 10cm; Get dry branches and fallen leaves above and mix fertile soil covering 10cm; Fix with timber all around, around stopping with assorted filling branch, cover the assorted branch of one deck on the case of ridge and both can;
(5) nutrient regulation and administration technology: in 1 year 5～July after planting, 1～2 starch water of case top-pour on the ridge, starch water add water by mealy potato per jin or sweet potato powder to be processed for 5～10 jin, and every square metre with mealy potato or sweet potato powder 50g;
(6) gathering of rhizoma Gastrodiae: in October, second to early November the finished product fiber crops of gathering.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae sylvan life of the present invention once becomes numb culture technique method, can not strive ground with crops, and is with short production cycle, saves artificial and bacterium material use quantity, overcomes deterioration of variety, prevents that effectively the big tail of numb body head is little, has significant ecological benefits, economic benefit, social benefit.
Wherein said weight portion and parts by volume are the relation of kg/L.
Following embodiment is used to further specify but is not limited to the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Choose single then body more than 150g, full physically well developed, the bodily form aspect ratio of terminal bud is 3: 2 arrow fiber crops, ground temperature is controlled at 15 ℃ through the artificial ground temperature that increases indoor in early March in advance, air humidity is controlled at 80%; Cultivate arrow fiber crops bolting and bloom, 23 days laggard pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination are regulated different parents' florescence consistent; Carry out hybridization pollination, remove the two ends of inflorescence during pollination, the bottom is removed 2; Top is removed 3, guarantees that the capsule maturity is consistent, pollinates back 20 days; The capsule of bearing begins deliquescing, and seed is plucked when Powdered seed becomes flesh pink in early and middle ten days maturation in April;
Select height above sea level 1300m, the gradient is at 10 degree, and soil subacidity, bottom are that yellow soil, top layer have non-aromatics woody plant broad-leaved open forest land humous more than the 5cm; Select woodland space ridging case; The wide 1.5m that is no more than, along contour around stamp the some timbers that 50cm is high, the ridge face is spread the thick dry branches and fallen leaves of 5cm and is done bed course; On bed course, put one deck bacterium rod, consumption is 6Kg/m
2, bacterium rod since at the beginning of 2 months then with three grades of halimasch kinds make provenance, the Fagaceae linden is made the bacterium material and is cultivated, three grades of halimasch kinds of every 0.5kg can the excellent 25kg of culture bacteria, the space is 18cm between the bacterium rod, the space is got humus soil and is filled and led up to rod, removes skim broad-leaved leaf on the rod; Wherein said three grades of halimasch kinds are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1.5kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 2 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 10 hours medium, the female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The female medium of planting switchable in each test tube slant to 2.5kg; Medium control in 23 ℃, the environment of humidity 65% was cultivated 25 days again, can obtain secondary halimasch kind, the medium that more every 0.5kg secondary halimasch kind is transferred to 40kg is cultivated by same method and is promptly got three grades of halimasch kinds; Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of non-aromatics broad-leaved weed tree sawdust 78kg, wheat bran skin 20kg, sucrose 1kg, gypsum 1kg, superphosphate 1kg, water 135L part;
The pericarp of the ripe capsule of strip off evenly is sprinkling upon pulverous seed on the leaf that is mixed with three grades of Germination Strains, and the per kilogram bacterial classification is mixed 10 of capsules, and the seed of mixing is covered with the newspaper that drenches, and the indoor seed germination time is 6 days; Wherein said three grades of Germination Strains are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1.5kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 2 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 10 hours medium, the female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The female medium of planting switchable in each test tube slant to 2.5kg; Control was cultivated 25 days in 23 ℃, the environment of humidity 65%, can obtain secondary and sprout bacterial classification, more every 0.5kg secondary was sprouted medium that bacterial classification is transferred to 40kg and cultivated by same method and promptly get three grades of sprouting bacterial classifications; Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of the assorted leaf 78kg of air-dry Fagaceae broad-leaved, wheat bran skin 20kg, sucrose 1kg, gypsum 1kg, superphosphate 1kg, water 135L;
Mid or late April sows through indoor sprouting, has mixed the sexual seed of rhizoma Gastrodiae of Germination Strain at the ridge face of spreading leaf then; Every square metre of amount of sowing 4 capsules; Sprinkle the inoculation halimasch again and cultivated 30 days bacterium branch; Below the thick 5cm of bacterium branch, below the long 10cm; Get dry branches and fallen leaves above and mix fertile soil covering 10cm; Fix with timber all around, around stopping with assorted filling branch, cover the assorted branch of one deck on the case of ridge and both can;
In in June, second after planting, 2 starch water of case top-pour on the ridge, starch water add water by mealy potato per jin to be processed for 8 jin, uses potato starch 50g for every square metre;
In October, second to early November the finished product fiber crops of gathering.
Embodiment 2:
Choose single then body more than 140g, full physically well developed, the bodily form aspect ratio of terminal bud is 4: 3 arrow fiber crops, in advance in early March indoor through the artificial ground temperature that increases, ground temperature is controlled at 12 ℃; Air humidity is controlled at 70%, cultivates arrow fiber crops bolting and blooms 26 days laggard pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination; Different parents' florescence is regulated unanimity, carry out hybridization pollination, remove the two ends of inflorescence during pollination; The bottom is removed 3, and top is removed 2, pollinates back 23 days; The capsule of bearing begins deliquescing, and seed is plucked when Powdered seed becomes flesh pink in early and middle ten days maturation in April;
Select height above sea level 1800m, the gradient is at 15 degree, and soil subacidity, bottom are that yellow soil, top layer have non-aromatics woody plant broad-leaved open forest land humous more than the 3cm; Select woodland space ridging case; The wide 1m that is no more than, along contour around stamp the some timbers that 55cm is high, the ridge face is spread the thick dry branches and fallen leaves of 7cm and is done bed course; On bed course, put one deck bacterium rod, consumption is 7Kg/m
2, bacterium rod is owing to make provenance, Fagaceae linden with three grades of halimasch kinds at the beginning of 2 months then and make the bacterium material and cultivate and form, and three grades of halimasch kinds of every 0.3kg can the excellent 20kg of culture bacteria, and the space is 15cm between the bacterium rod, and the space is got humus soil and is filled and led up to rod, removes one deck broad-leaved leaf on the rod; Wherein said three grades of halimasch kinds are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure, sterilized 2.5 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 12 hours medium; The female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The female medium of planting switchable to 2kg in each test tube slant is cultivated medium control in 22 ℃, the environment of humidity 70% 30 days again, can obtain secondary halimasch kind; Again every 0.3kg secondary halimasch kind is transferred to the medium of 35kg, cultivates by same method and promptly get three grades of halimasch kinds; Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of non-aromatics broad-leaved weed tree sawdust 75kg, wheat bran skin 19kg, sucrose 1.2kg, gypsum 0.8kg, bone meal 0.6kg, water 140L;
The pericarp of the ripe capsule of strip off evenly is sprinkling upon pulverous seed on the leaf that is mixed with three grades of Germination Strains, and the per kilogram bacterial classification is mixed 8 of capsules, and the seed of mixing is covered with the newspaper that drenches, and the indoor seed germination time is 7 days; Wherein said three grades of Germination Strains are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 3kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure, sterilized 1.5 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 8 hours medium; The female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The female medium of planting switchable in each test tube slant to 3kg, control was cultivated 20 days in 25 ℃, the environment of humidity 70%, can obtain secondary and sprout bacterial classification; Again every 0.8kg secondary is sprouted the medium that bacterial classification is transferred to 48kg, cultivate by same method and promptly get three grades of sprouting bacterial classifications; Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of the assorted leaf 70kg of air-dry Fagaceae broad-leaved, rice bran 18kg, sucrose 1.2kg, gypsum 1.5kg, bone meal 0.8kg, water 125L;
Mid or late April sows through indoor sprouting, has mixed the sexual seed of rhizoma Gastrodiae of Germination Strain at the ridge face of spreading leaf then; Every square metre of amount of sowing 6 capsules; Sprinkle prior inoculation halimasch then in the above again and cultivated 35 days bacterium branch; Below the thick 5cm of bacterium branch, below the long 10cm; Get dry branches and fallen leaves above on the spot and mix fertile soil covering 12cm; Fix with timber all around, around stopping with assorted filling branch, cover the assorted branch of one deck on the case of ridge and both can;
In in July, second after planting, 1 starch water of case top-pour on the ridge, starch water add water by sweet potato powder per jin to be processed for 5 jin, uses sweet potato powder 60g for every square metre;
In October, second to early November the finished product fiber crops of gathering.
Embodiment 3:
Choose single then body more than 160g, full physically well developed, the bodily form aspect ratio of terminal bud is 2: 1 arrow fiber crops, ground temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ through the artificial ground temperature that increases indoor in early March in advance, air humidity is controlled at 90%; Cultivate arrow fiber crops bolting and bloom, 18 days laggard pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination are regulated different parents' florescence consistent; Carry out hybridization pollination, remove the two ends of inflorescence during pollination, the bottom is removed 1; Top is removed 4, guarantees that the capsule maturity is consistent, pollinates back 15 days; The capsule of bearing begins deliquescing, and seed is plucked when Powdered seed becomes flesh pink in early and middle ten days maturation in April;
Select height above sea level 1000m, the gradient is at 5 degree, and soil subacidity, bottom are that yellow soil, top layer have non-aromatics woody plant broad-leaved open forest land humous more than the 7cm; Select woodland space ridging case; The wide 2m that is no more than, along contour around stamp the some timbers that 40cm is high, the ridge face is spread the thick dry branches and fallen leaves of 4cm and is done bed course; On bed course, put one deck bacterium rod, consumption is 8Kg/m
2, bacterium rod since at the beginning of 2 months then with three grades of halimasch kinds make provenance, the Fagaceae linden is made the bacterium material and is cultivated, three grades of halimasch kinds of every 0.8kg can the excellent 30kg of culture bacteria, the space is 12cm between the bacterium rod, the space is got humus soil and is filled and led up to rod, removes skim broad-leaved leaf on the rod; Wherein said three grades of halimasch kinds are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1.2kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure, sterilized 3 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 12 hours medium; The female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The female medium of planting switchable to 2kg in each test tube slant is cultivated medium control in 22 ℃, the environment of humidity 70% 30 days again, can obtain secondary halimasch kind; Again every 0.7kg secondary halimasch kind is transferred to the medium of 48kg, cultivates by same method and promptly get three grades of halimasch kinds; Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of non-aromatics broad-leaved weed tree sawdust 80kg, rice bran 20kg, sucrose 0.6kg, gypsum 0.8kg, superphosphate or bone meal 1.2kg, water 140L;
The pericarp of the ripe capsule of strip off evenly is sprinkling upon pulverous seed on the leaf that is mixed with three grades of Germination Strains, and the per kilogram bacterial classification is mixed 9 of capsules, and the seed of mixing is covered with the newspaper that drenches, and the indoor seed germination time is 5 days; Wherein said three grades of Germination Strains are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 2kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure, sterilized 2.5 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 9 hours medium; The female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The female medium of planting switchable in each test tube slant to 2kg, control was cultivated 25 days in 25 ℃, the environment of humidity 70%, can obtain secondary and sprout bacterial classification; Again every 0.3kg secondary is sprouted the medium that bacterial classification is transferred to 35kg, cultivate by same method and promptly get three grades of sprouting bacterial classifications; Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of the assorted leaf 78kg of air-dry Fagaceae broad-leaved, rice bran or wheat bran skin 18kg, sucrose 0.5kg, gypsum 0.8kg, superphosphate 1.2kg, water 140L;
Mid or late April sows through indoor sprouting, has mixed the sexual seed of rhizoma Gastrodiae of Germination Strain at the ridge face of spreading leaf then; Every square metre of amount of sowing 3 capsules; Sprinkle the inoculation halimasch again and cultivated 25 days bacterium branch; Below the thick 5cm of bacterium branch, below the long 10cm; Get dry branches and fallen leaves above and mix fertile soil covering 9cm; Fix with timber all around, around stopping with assorted filling branch, cover the assorted branch of one deck on the case of ridge and both can;
In in May, second after planting, 3 starch water of case top-pour on the ridge, starch water add water by mealy potato per jin to be processed for 10 jin, uses mealy potato 40g for every square metre;
In October, second to early November the finished product fiber crops of gathering.
Claims (4)
1. a rhizoma Gastrodiae sylvan life once becomes numb cultivation method, it is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) seeds of Gastrodia elata production technology: it is numb at 130-180g, the full arrow physically well developed, that bodily form aspect ratio is 2-4: 1-3 of terminal bud to choose single then body; Increase ground temperature indoor through manual work in early March in advance; Ground temperature is controlled at 10 ℃～20 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at 70-90%; Cultivate arrow fiber crops bolting and bloom, 15～30 days laggard pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination are regulated unanimity with different parents' florescence, carry out hybridization pollination, remove the two ends of inflorescence during pollination, and the bottom is removed 1-3, and top is removed 2～5; Pollination back 15-25 days, the capsule of bearing begins deliquescing, and seed is plucked when Powdered seed becomes flesh pink in early and middle ten days maturation in April;
(2) choosing ground entire technique: select height above sea level 800～2000m, the gradient is at 5～20 degree, and soil subacidity, bottom are that yellow soil, top layer have 2-8cm non-aromatics woody plant broad-leaved open forest land humous; Select woodland space ridging case; Wide is 1-2m, along contour around beat the some timbers that 40-60cm is high, the thick dry branches and fallen leaves bed course of ridge face shop 3-8cm; On bed course, put one deck bacterium rod, consumption is 5-8kg/m
2The bacterium rod was made provenance, Fagaceae linden with three grades of halimasch kinds and is made the bacterium material and cultivate and form at the beginning of 2 months then, three grades of halimasch kinds of every 0.2-0.8 weight portion can culture bacteria rod 20-30 weight portion, and the space is 10-20cm between the bacterium rod; The space is got humus soil and is filled and led up to rod, spreads one deck broad-leaved leaf on the rod;
Wherein said three grades of halimasch kinds are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1-3kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 1-3 hour; Steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 8-12 hour medium; The female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level, the female medium that is transferred to the 2-3 weight portion of planting in each test tube slant is cultivated medium control in 22-25 ℃, the environment of humidity 60-70% 20-30 days again; Obtain secondary halimasch kind, the medium that more every 0.3-0.8 weight portion secondary halimasch kind is transferred to the 30-50 weight portion is cultivated by same method and is promptly got three grades of halimasch kinds;
Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of non-aromatics broad-leaved weed tree sawdust 70-80 weight portion, rice bran or wheat bran skin 18-20 weight portion, sucrose 0.5-1.5 weight portion, gypsum 0.5-1.5 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 0.5-1.5 weight portion, water 120-150 parts by volume;
(3) seed processing technology: the pericarp of the ripe capsule of strip off; Pulverous seed evenly is sprinkling upon on the leaf that is mixed with three grades of Germination Strains; The per kilogram bacterial classification is mixed capsule 8-12, and the seed of mixing is covered with material which can retain moisture, and seed is 3-7 days in the time of indoor sprouting;
Wherein said three grades of Germination Strains are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1-3kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 1-3 hour, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 8-12 hour medium, the female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The female medium that is transferred to the 2-3 weight portion of planting in each test tube slant; Control was cultivated 20-30 days in 22-25 ℃, the environment of humidity 60-70%, obtained secondary and sprouted bacterial classification, more every 0.2-0.8 weight portion secondary was sprouted medium that bacterial classification is transferred to the 30-50 weight portion and cultivated by same method and promptly get three grades of sprouting bacterial classifications;
Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of the assorted leaf 70-80 weight portion of air-dry Fagaceae broad-leaved, rice bran or wheat bran skin 18-20 weight portion, sucrose 0.5-1.5 weight portion, gypsum 0.5-1.5 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 0.5-1.5 weight portion, water 120-150 parts by volume;
(4) seeding technique: mid or late April sows through indoor sprouting, has mixed the sexual seed of rhizoma Gastrodiae of Germination Strain at the ridge face of spreading leaf then; Every square metre of amount of sowing 2～8 capsules; Sprinkle the inoculation halimasch again and cultivated 20-40 days bacterium branch; Below the thick 5cm of bacterium branch, below the long 10cm; Get dry branches and fallen leaves above and mix fertile soil covering 8-12cm; Fix with timber all around, around stopping with assorted filling branch, cover the assorted branch of one deck on the case of ridge;
(5) nutrient regulation and administration technology: in 1 year 5～July after planting, 1～3 starch water of case top-pour on the ridge, starch water add water by mealy potato per jin or sweet potato powder to be processed for 3～12 jin, and every square metre with mealy potato or sweet potato powder 30-70g;
(6) gathering of rhizoma Gastrodiae: in October, second to early November the finished product fiber crops of gathering;
Wherein said weight portion and parts by volume are the relation of kg/L.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the culture medium raw material of described three grades of halimasch kinds consists of:
Non-aromatics broad-leaved weed tree sawdust 78 weight portions, rice bran or wheat bran skin 20 weight portions, sucrose 1 weight portion, gypsum 1 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 1 weight portion, water 135 parts by volume.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 cultivation method is characterized in that described three grades of culture medium raw materials of sprouting bacterial classifications consist of:
Air-dry Fagaceae broad-leaved mix leaf 78 weight portions, rice bran or wheat bran skin 20 weight portions, sucrose 1 weight portion, gypsum 1 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 1 weight portion, water 135 parts by volume.
4. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) seeds of Gastrodia elata production technology: choose single then body more than 150g, full physically well developed, the bodily form aspect ratio of terminal bud is 3: 2 arrow fiber crops, ground temperature is controlled at 12 ℃～18 ℃ through the artificial ground temperature that increases indoor in early March in advance, air humidity is controlled at 80%; Cultivate arrow fiber crops bolting and bloom, 20～25 days laggard pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination are regulated different parents' florescence consistent; Carry out hybridization pollination, remove the two ends of inflorescence during pollination, the bottom is removed 2; Top is removed 3～4, guarantees that the capsule maturity is consistent, pollinates back 20 days; The capsule of bearing begins deliquescing, and seed is plucked when Powdered seed becomes flesh pink in early and middle ten days maturation in April;
(2) choosing ground entire technique: select height above sea level 800～1800m, the gradient is at 5～15 degree, and soil subacidity, bottom are that yellow soil, top layer have 2～5cm non-aromatics woody plant broad-leaved open forest land humous; Select woodland space ridging case; The wide 1.5m that is no more than, along contour around stamp the some timbers that 50cm is high, the ridge face is spread the thick dry branches and fallen leaves of 5cm and is done bed course; On bed course, put one deck bacterium rod, consumption is 6kg/m
2The bacterium rod was made provenance, Fagaceae linden with three grades of halimasch kinds and is made the bacterium material and cultivate at the beginning of 2 months then, three grades of halimasch kinds of per 0.5 weight portion can culture bacteria rod 25 weight portions, and the space is 15-20cm between the bacterium rod; The space is got humus soil and is filled and led up to rod, spreads skim broad-leaved leaf on the rod;
Wherein said three grades of halimasch kinds are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1.5kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 2 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 10 hours medium, the female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The female medium that is transferred to 2.5 weight portions of planting in each test tube slant; Medium control in 23 ℃, the environment of humidity 65% was cultivated 25 days again, obtain secondary halimasch kind, the medium that again will per 0.5 weight portion secondary halimasch kind be transferred to 40 weight portions promptly gets three grades of halimasch kinds by same method cultivation;
Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of non-aromatics broad-leaved weed tree sawdust 78 weight portions, rice bran or wheat bran skin 20 weight portions, sucrose 1 weight portion, gypsum 1 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 1 weight portion, water 135 parts by volume;
(3) seed processing technology: the pericarp of the ripe capsule of strip off, pulverous seed evenly is sprinkling upon on the leaf that is mixed with three grades of Germination Strains, the per kilogram bacterial classification is mixed 10 of capsules, and the seed of mixing is covered with the newspaper that drenches, and the indoor seed germination time is 5-7 days;
Wherein said three grades of Germination Strains are cultivated by following method: prepared culture medium is contained in respectively in the blake bottle, is put in the inherent 1.5kg/cm of autoclave
2Under the pressure; Sterilized 2 hours, the steam with 100 ℃ in airtight container was kept 10 hours medium, the female kind of cooling back inoculation on every bottle of medium charge level; The female medium that is transferred to 2.5 weight portions of planting in each test tube slant; Control was cultivated 25 days in 23 ℃, the environment of humidity 65%, obtained secondary and sprouted bacterial classification, again will per 0.5 weight portion secondary sprouts medium that bacterial classification is transferred to 40 weight portions and cultivated by same method and promptly get three grades of sprouting bacterial classifications;
Wherein said female test tube slant bacterial classification of buying for by academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province edible mushroom research institute of planting; Wherein said medium is made up of assorted leaf 78 weight portions of air-dry Fagaceae broad-leaved, rice bran or wheat bran skin 20 weight portions, sucrose 1 weight portion, gypsum 1 weight portion, superphosphate or bone meal 1 weight portion, water 135 parts by volume;
(4) seeding technique: mid or late April sows through indoor sprouting, has mixed the sexual seed of rhizoma Gastrodiae of Germination Strain at the ridge face of spreading leaf then; Every square metre of amount of sowing 3～5 capsules; Sprinkle the inoculation halimasch again and cultivated 30 days bacterium branch; Below the thick 5cm of bacterium branch, below the long 10cm; Get dry branches and fallen leaves above and mix fertile soil covering 10cm; Fix with timber all around, around stopping with assorted filling branch, cover the assorted branch of one deck on the case of ridge;
(5) nutrient regulation and administration technology: in 1 year 5～July after planting, 1～2 starch water of case top-pour on the ridge, starch water add water by mealy potato per jin or sweet potato powder to be processed for 5～10 jin, and every square metre with mealy potato or sweet potato powder 50g;
(6) gathering of rhizoma Gastrodiae: in October, second to early November the finished product fiber crops of gathering.
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| CN101180933A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2008-05-21 | 大方县九龙天麻开发有限公司 | Imitating wildness cultural technique for gastrodia elata |
| CN101695247B (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-06-01 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in artificial gastrodia cultivation under wild-simulated condition |
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