CN101933246A - 一步式近场通信交易 - Google Patents

一步式近场通信交易 Download PDF

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CN101933246A
CN101933246A CN2009801036510A CN200980103651A CN101933246A CN 101933246 A CN101933246 A CN 101933246A CN 2009801036510 A CN2009801036510 A CN 2009801036510A CN 200980103651 A CN200980103651 A CN 200980103651A CN 101933246 A CN101933246 A CN 101933246A
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nfc
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肯特·格里芬
卡尔·B·斯通
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eBay Inc
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Abstract

一种用于从发送者向接收者转移钱款的一步式方法包括：向发送者的允许近场通信(NFC)的数据通信设备输入与转移有关的信息，然后将发送者的设备放在接收者的允许NFC的数据通信设备附近。发送者的设备在被放置为与接收者的设备相接触或者放在接收者的设备附近时可操作来：1)在两个设备之间建NFC链路；2)经由NFC链路从接收者的设备收集与接收者有关的信息；以及3)将与转移和接收者有关的信息经由另一网络(例如，因特网)发送到第三方服务提供商，并从而使得服务提供商将来自发送者的资金账户的钱款转移到接收者的接收账户。

Description

一步式近场通信交易
本申请要求2008年1月30日递交的美国临时申请No.61/024,758和2008年3月7日递交的美国临时申请No.61/034,890的权益，上述在先申请各自的全部公开内容通过引用被结合于此。
技术领域
本公开一般地涉及金融交易，更具体而言，涉及在网络环境中使用近场通信(NFC)在移动设备之间的对等支付。
背景技术
有争议地，移动电话当前是世界范围内最广泛的移动计算设备。它们已经成为我们生活中随处可见的伙伴，从而在几乎任何时间和任何地点都能够进行通信以辅助对移动服务和因特网的信息访问。另外，移动电话已经成为具有集成的数码相机的多媒体计算平台，用于拍摄照片和视频、播放音乐、记录对话和组织我们的生活。
使用物理对象作为数据和服务的进入点可以使移动通信和信息访问更容易。环境的扩充使得能够进行涉及用户、移动设备和物理对象或另一移动设备的物理移动交互。对象通过某种技术被扩充并随后存储信息。信息通常与移动服务相关联，所述移动服务可能是通过与物理对象的交互而被触发的。物理移动交互能够桥接物理和虚拟世界之间的间隙。为了支持移动设备和扩充的对象之间的通信，需要通信技术。
近年来，不同的短程通信技术已经被集成到移动设备中。该过程从用于使应用与桌上型计算机同步的红外收发器开始。接着发展到蓝牙技术，其克服了红外所经历的某些问题。但是，当尝试利用蓝牙连接两个设备时，建立过程通常很冗长并且通常不是用户友好的。
射频识别(RFID)是另一种已经被容易地集成到移动设备(例如，蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)或计算机)中的技术。RFID对主动通信设备(收发器或读写设备)和被动不供电标签设备(tag)(发射机应答器(transponder))起作用。标签设备相对较小、便宜并且可以存储信息，从而使得它们适合于不显眼地扩充物理对象。发射机应答器被附接到要识别的对象并且包含诸如产品价格或车辆标识之类的信息。收发器发射激活标签设备并且使得收发器能够读取标签设备的信息和/或改变它的电磁信号，假设标签设备是可重写的。通常，收发器与信息被传递到的计算机或类似设备通信。
近场通信(这里称之为“NFC”)是最近开发的用于对象扩充的技术，用于将移动设备和物理对象带到一起来使得用户能够与扩充的对象交互以进行信息和/或数据通信。
鉴于此，NFC是一种短程、高频、无线通信技术，其在相对较短的距离(即，0-20厘米)上实现设备之间的数据交换。NFC基于RFID技术并且使用很多同样的工作原理。该技术在ISO/IEC 18092(国际标准化组织/国际电工委员会)、ECMA-340(欧洲信息和通信***标准化联盟)和ETSI 102.190(欧洲电信标准协会)中被标准化。所有这些标准定义了NFC接口和协议-1(NFCIP-1)，参见图1，其指定了NFC设备的RF接口的调制方案、编码、传输速度和帧格式，以及针对被动和主动NFC模式两者在初始化期间用于数据冲突控制所需的初始化方案和条件。
NFC还在ISO/IEC 21481和ECMA 352中被标准化，其对应于NFC接口和协议-2(NFCIP-2)。NFCIP-2标准指定了从NFC设备的三种典型的可能通信模式(对等(Peer-to-Peer)、读/写卡(Read/Write Card)和卡仿真(Card Emulation))中检测和选择一种通信模式的机制，如图1进一步示出的。
NFC与ISO/IEC 14442类型A和类型B(工作在最大距离20cm的邻近卡)、ISO/IEC 15693(工作在从10cm到2m距离的近域卡)兼容并且符合FeliCa非接触智能卡***。因此，NFC设备可以与现有的ISO 14443智能卡和读取器通信，也能与其他NFC设备通信，并且与现有已经用在公共交通、支付和促销/广告等中的非接触基础设施兼容。
如上所述并如图1所示，NFC设备的关键特征在于被集成到NFC设备中的NFC芯片可以读出RFID标签设备的信息，仿真智能卡以使得读取器能够访问它们的数据，或者在两个允许NFC的设备彼此被直接接触或非常靠近时以对等方式与另一NFC设备直接通信。换言之，NFC技术允许都具有主动供电和计算能力的两个设备之间的通信，还允许被供电的设备和被动标签设备之间的通信。
为了在读取器模式中工作，保持NFC设备在存储了某种信息(通常1Kb-4Kb)的兼容标签设备附近就足够了。该信息例如可以是在公司广告海报中公司网站的书签、车站附近汽车的时刻表、博物馆附近艺术作品旁边的某种旅游信息、等等。利用对等通信模式，例如可以同步两个NFCPDA之间的日历，或者简单地通过将两个NFC设备保持彼此靠近来建立网络(蓝牙、Wi-Fi等等)。在卡仿真模式中，NFC设备可以容宿虚拟支付卡并使得用户能够进行支付。例如，可以购买旅游票，同时提供对相关联的消费者忠诚度和奖金项目的管理。在卡仿真模式中，还可以控制访问，即，NFC设备充当密钥。
在第一次使用很多已知的NFC设备之前，通常需要某种预操作过程。为此，本公开描述了可以提供安全性特征并且检查NFC设备兼容性并据此预配置设备的激活和授权过程。
NFC技术应用的一个示例是金融交易。消费者在读取器上轻拍NFC设备以实现钱款转移(money transfer)。通常，零售商输入应付的总金额，并且消费者在读取器上轻拍NFC设备，这使得支付细节被送到消费者的金融机构。短时间后，消费者和零售商接收到支付确认。这种方法提供了诸如以下的优点：消除了携带现金的需要并且实现了更快速的金融交易。PayPass是这类方法的一个示例。但是，该方法是受限的，因为转移是与在POS终端或读取器处的零售商进行的。此外，消费者的NFC设备基于POS终端来简单地授权钱款转移。
发明内容
为了总结本公开，这里描述了在网络环境中使用近场通信在移动设备之间进行对等支付的示例性实施例。
在一个实施例中，一种用于从发送者向接收者转移钱款的一步式或“一次轻拍”方法包括：向发送者的允许近场通信(NFC)的数据通信设备输入与转移有关的信息，然后将发送者的设备放在接收者的允许NFC的数据通信设备附近。发送者的设备在被放在接收者的设备附近时可操作来：1)在两个设备之间建立NFC链路；2)经由NFC链路从接收者的设备收集与接收者有关的信息；以及3)将与转移和接收者有关的信息经由网络(例如，因特网)发送到第三方服务提供商，并从而使得服务提供商将来自发送者的资金账户的钱款转移到接收者的接收账户。
通过考虑以下某些示例性实施例的详细描述，尤其在结合附图的若干视图进行这种考虑的情况下，可以获得对本发明的新颖支付***和方法的上述和很多其他特征和优点的更好理解，其中各个附图中用类似标号指示类似元件。
附图说明
图1示出允许NFC的设备能够读出RFID标签设备的信息，仿真智能卡以使得读取器能够访问其数据，或者在两个NFC设备彼此直接接触或非常靠近时以对等方式与另一NFC设备直接通信。
图2和图3示出使用NFC在两台计算机之间建立蓝牙或类似短程无线通信。
图4示出使用允许NFC的计算机(PC)和允许NFC的移动电话来将游戏应用从网站直接下载到移动电话。
图5示出NFC设备经由射频(RF)将消费者账户信息传输到零售商的支付终端的示例。
图6示出根据一个实施例用于在网络环境中使用近场通信实现移动设备之间的对等金融交易的***和方法。
图7示出根据一个实施例的(一个或多个)应用激活。
图8A和图8B分别示出典型的“已知”类型的钱款请求，和根据本发明一个实施例在网络环境中使用近场通信在移动设备之间进行的对等金融交易中的对比钱款请求。
图9示出多个接口画面的示例，它们可以被应用到发送者的移动设备和/或接收者的移动设备来根据一个实施例在网络环境中使用近场通信在移动设备之间执行对等金融交易。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图来描述示例性实施例，其中类似标号被用于指示类似元件。在这里给出的说明书中所使用的术语不希望以任何限制或约束方式来解释，因为它是结合某些实施例的详细描述而被使用的。此外，各个实施例(无论这里是否具体描述)可能包括新颖特征，这些新颖特征中没有一个单独负责它们的新颖性或希求。
如上所述，NFC是一种短程无线连接技术，其从现有的非接触识别和互连技术的组合演进而来。通过经由磁场感应(即，两个环形天线位于彼此的近场内)工作在13.56MHz并且以高达424Kb/秒传输数据，NFC提供了在相对较短的距离(即0-20厘米)上电子设备之间的简单通信。这意味着没有施加限制并且不需要许可来在RF频带中使用NFC设备。NFC既是“读”也是“写”技术。此外，将读和写模式组合在多于两个移动设备中通过读和写模式之间的交替而实现了第三个模式，对等模式。如上所述，NFC技术的底层遵从全球实现的ISO、ECMA和ETSI标准。因为NFC的传输范围非常短，因此NFC实现的交易相对较安全。但是，为了提供更强劲的安全性，应用可以使用更高层的加密协议，例如TLS、SSL等等。
因此，NFC接口和协议主要针对消费者电子产品用户，他们将能够在各个设备之间使用安全的通信手段，而无需在配置他们的“网络”方面费太大努力。两个兼容NFC的设备之间的通信发生在两个设备的波或接触使它们彼此靠近时。这一动作使得两个设备各自的NFC无线接口参与并配置设备在对等网络中链接起来，从而使得在设备之间自动并透明地建立网络连接。
NFC通信协议区分NFC网络通信的发起者(Initiator)设备和目标(Target)设备。任意设备都可能是发起者或目标。如名称所指示的，发起者是发起和控制数据交换的设备。目标是应答来自发起者的数据请求的设备。如上面在对等模式中所描述的，设备可能既是发起者也是目标。
NFC协议还区分两种工作模式，即，主动(Active)模式和被动(Passive)模式。所有设备都支持这两种通信模式。在主动通信模式中，两个设备(即，发起者和目标)生成它们自己的RF场来运载数据。在被动通信模式中，只有一个设备(发起者)生成RF场，而另一设备(目标)使用负载调制来传输数据。这可能是电池供电设备的一项重要考量，因为电池功率的节约一般具有高优先级。因此，协议使得设备(例如移动电话)能够工作在省电模式(NFC被动通信模式)。换言之，被动模式不需要两个设备都生成RF场，并且使得可以仅从一侧对整个通信供电。(设备仍旧需要在内部被供电，但是不用必须把电池“浪费”在对RF通信接口供电上。)
使用更长程协议(例如，蓝牙和无线以太网(Wi-Fi))的困难在于从工作范围中的多个设备中选择正确的设备并提供正确的参数来建立连接。但是，NFC克服了这种困难，因为一旦配置数据已经使用NFC被交换，设备就可以随后容易地建立并在更大范围内、使用更快协议(例如，蓝牙和无线以太网(Wi-Fi))来继续通信。
例如，如图2中的虚线双向箭头2所指示的，一般讲，为了在两台计算机之间建立蓝牙通信，两个设备需要利用口令来手动设置以保护通信。但是，如图2中的宽箭头1所指示的，通过简单地用两个设备中的一个触碰或“轻拍”另一个或者通过使两个设备彼此靠近，NFC可以被用作建立例如蓝牙通信链路的第一步。通过在“热点(hotspot)”触碰设备，它们可以自动打开数据连接链路来交换蓝牙通信的参数，并且从而无缝地建立密钥，而无需在用户方进行任何进一步的动作。如图3所示，一旦蓝牙通信链路被建立，设备就可以随后在第二步被移到彼此远离，因为设备之间的通信使用先前已建立的蓝牙会话继续。
实质上，同样的NFC程序可以被用于建立与各种设备的无线(例如，蓝牙、Wi-Fi等等)连接，这些设备包括从能够支付或传递信息的移动电话到仅仅一碰就可以将照片发送到电视机的数码相机。例如，如图4所示，通过使用允许NFC的计算机(PC)和允许NFC的移动电话，可以将来自网站的游戏应用直接从PC下载到移动电话。
NFC能力还包括经由“智能海报(smart poster)”应用的信息访问。在该示例中，用户将允许NFC的移动电话轻拍嵌入到海报或类似对象中的标签设备，该标签设备随后触发统一资源定位符(URL)到电话的传输。URL可以被例如用于引导用户到用户可以收集信息或下载特定优惠券或代币的网站。
如图5所示，NFC应用的其他示例包括具有内置集成电路(IC)微芯片和天线的移动蜂窝电话、卡或钥匙扣异型卡(key fob)。芯片能够模拟非接触智能卡。消费者可以使用NFC设备来经由射频向零售商的支付终端(例如，由VIVOtech制造的非接触支付***的VIVO支付线)传输消费者账户信息。支付终端随后连接到适当的金融网络或其他后端处理***来授权交易。一旦被授权，消费者就完成了交易并且接收支付确认。
移动蜂窝电话或“钱包电话”可以包括可被用于进行移动支付的预付款“钱包”。用户与在销售点(POS)终端或现金机器处的读取器交互来为钱包充值，并使用钱包电话访问位于此处的控制***(例如，在火车站、机场、宾馆等处的售票和预订***)来进行购买。
图6示出根据本发明用于在网络环境中使用近场通信实现移动设备之间的对等金融交易的***和方法的示例性实施例。用于在移动设备100之间实现对等金融交易的***和方法可以包括第一允许NFC的移动设备105和第二允许NFC的移动设备110、实现实体/元件之间的连接和信息的流动的网络115、以及第三方支付提供商***120(PPS)，该PPS 120用于移动设备105和110之间的金融交易的支付处理(核实、授权和确认)以及分别与移动设备的各个用户140和145相关联的适当账户的借记和贷记等等。
这里所使用的术语“移动设备”是一广义术语，其可以包括(但不局限于)蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、智能电话、钥匙扣异型卡、智能卡、计算机或PC、或类似类型的扩充对象或设备。
各个移动设备105和110是允许NFC的，并且可以包括用户标识符125、NFC服务应用126、网络通信应用127和其他应用128(包括：支付提供商应用、浏览器应用、工具条应用等等)等等，这些应用可以是为了实现移动设备105、100经由网络115与支付提供商***120之间的NFC通信所必需的。
广义讲，NFC服务应用126提供一般在允许NFC的设备之间实现NFC通信的那些特征，但也可以使得用户能够激活各种多媒体特征以及经由图标链接的应用(例如，“发送钱款”、“请求钱款”、“发送联络信息”、“获取联络信息”等等)来实现金融交易。
同样，支付提供商应用提供一般使得移动设备105和110能够与支付提供商***120通信的那些特征，但也可以使得用户能够激活各种多媒体特征以及经由图标链接的应用(例如，“发送钱款”、“请求钱款”、“发送联络信息”、“获取联络信息”等等)来实现金融交易。
因此，本领域普通技术人员将理解，在任意移动设备中是使用NFC服务应用和分离的支付提供商应用还是使用作为NFC服务应用和支付提供商应用的功能等同物的单个捆绑应用可能取决于多个因素，包括制造商偏好、成本和期望用途等等。因此，这里使用的术语“应用”、“多个应用”或者“(一个或多个)应用”指的是在移动设备中或者存在分离的NFC服务应用和支付提供商应用，或者存在具有NFC服务应用和支付提供商应用两者能力的捆绑应用。
在一个示例性实施例中，网络115可以被实现为单个网络或多个网络的组合。例如，在各种实施例中，网络可以包括因特网和/或一个或多个内联网、地面线路网、无线网络和/或其他适当类型的通信网络。在另一示例中，网络可以包括适合于与其他通信网络(例如因特网)通信的无线电信网络(例如，蜂窝电话网络)。
支付提供商***120可以包括服务器标识符130、支付处理应用131和具有账户信息133的账户数据库132和其他数据库134等等，这些组件可能是实现移动设备105和110之间的支付处理所需的。
在一个实施例中，移动设备105和110之间的金融交易可以包括从第一移动设备105(发送者)到第二移动设备110(接收者)的钱款转移或发送。据此，成功完成移动设备105和110之间的钱款转移的先决条件包括如下假设：第一移动设备105和第二移动设备110是允许NFC的；在发送者140的移动设备105上存在支付提供商服务应用、NFC服务应用126或捆绑应用；并且至少发送者140具有先前已建立的支付提供商账户132。
据此，(一个或多个)应用的建立可以由空中下载(over-the-air，OTA)来辅助，其中，取决于实现方式，OTA应用/软件下载可以基于动作(例如，对支付提供商***120或其他可拨叫服务的呼叫)发起，或者可以在访问服务站点时被自动执行。
可替换地，(一个或多个)应用的建立可以通过使用另一NFC芯片来辅助，其中，例如，预先加载的由支付提供商***120或其他实体发布的NFC卡可以被预先加载基本应用、账户信息、URL等等，从而使得当与允许NFC的移动设备接触时，信息被传递到移动设备以允许访问可以执行应用/软件下载的OTA站点。
在一个实施例中，在首次利用(一个或多个)应用126-129之前，可能需要完成初始支付提供商应用激活过程。据此，如图7所示，(一个或多个)应用的激活可以开始于用户在移动设备105、110中输入登录信息，例如电话号码、pin号码、电子邮件地址和/或密码等等。应用将该信息和基于NFC移动设备的芯片的公钥(唯一标识符)125转发到支付提供商***120。在一个实施例中，网络连通以用于移动设备105、110和支付提供商(例如，PayPal)之间的语音和/或数据通信。随后从支付提供商***120传送到移动设备的短消息服务(SMS)文本消息可以通过基于通用分组无线业务(GPRS)的HTTPS(安全超文本传输协议)连接来辅助。GPRS是一种基于分组的无线通信服务，其为移动电话和计算机用户提供与因特网或其他网络115的持续连接。GPRS基于GSM(全球移动通信***)并对现有服务(例如，电路交换蜂窝电话连接和短消息服务(SMS)，即文本消息)进行补充。本领域技术人员将理解，在本公开的范围内可以使用类似的协议和无线服务来实现移动设备和支付服务提供商之间的无线连接和通信。
响应于接收到用户的信息和唯一标识符，支付提供商***120向移动设备105、110发送分组信息。从支付提供商***120到移动设备的分组信息可以包括与国家、货币、语言、激活码和/或安全性密钥有关的数据。由应用生成的相应代码随后被从移动设备105、110发送回支付提供商***120。
据此，这种在移动设备105、110和支付提供商***120之间的前后通信或“握手”允许用户和/或***进行核实、授权和兼容性检查，以完成(一个或多个)应用的激活处理。通常，用户140、145随后得到应用已激活的通知。先前从支付提供商***120发送到移动设备105、110的分组信息被存储在芯片集上，以备将来在激活(一个或多个)应用126-129时使用。支付提供商***120可以进一步向移动设备105、110传输短欢迎文本消息。
在(一个或多个)应用的初始建立和激活完成之后，在激活移动设备时可能发生对这(一个或多个)应用中的一个或多个应用的后续激活。在一个实施例中，移动设备105可以是在打开该移动设备105时可能发生激活的蜂窝电话。通常，如上所述，移动设备105的访问或激活将同样激活应用中的一个或多个。在另一情况下，发送者140可能需要触摸移动设备105上的特征(例如，图标、按钮等等)以访问和激活这(一个或多个)应用中的一个或多个。在又一情况下，对应用中的一个或多个的激活可能发生在将移动设备105“轻拍”另一允许NFC的设备时或使移动设备105与另一允许NFC的设备相互靠近时。
在激活移动设备105之后，可以向发送者140呈现用于使能各种功能的菜单选项，包括与例如多媒体特征(例如，音乐、视频、游戏等等)相关联的那些、用户联络信息、以及与金融交易有关的那些(例如，“请求钱款”、“发送钱款”等等)。
发送者140随后可以从菜单选项中选择所需功能，例如，在移动设备105和110之间的提出钱款转移的情况下，选择“发送钱款”。在一个实施例中，发送者140可能被要求在没有特定顺序的情况下输入资金细节，包括资金来源(例如，MC、VISA、AMEX、Citibank、PPS账户或其他资金来源账户)、将发送的钱款金额、以及登录信息(PIN、口令、密码等等)。
本领域普通技术人员将意识到，在没有肯定选择所呈现的一个或多个资金细节的情况下，预设的默认设置可以被使能。另外，在某些实施例中，可以向发送者140呈现在向支付提供商***120传送支付请求之前复查和编辑支付选择的机会。
在激活移动设备110之后，可以像发送者140一样，向接收者145呈现用于实现各种功能的各种菜单选项，包括与多媒体特征(例如，音乐、视频、游戏等等)相关联的那些、用户联络信息、以及与金融交易有关的那些(例如，“请求钱款”、“发送钱款”等等)。
期望钱款转移的接收者145随后可以从菜单选项中选择所需功能，例如，在上述移动设备105和110之间提出钱款转移的情况下，选择“接收钱款”或“就绪、等待”(具有正在被共享的暗示的默认设置)。在一个实施例中，通过选择“接收钱款”功能，接收者暗示/明确同意提供某种指定信息(例如，电子邮件地址、电话号码、接收账户信息等等)来辅助由支付提供商***120向可以储蓄或获取资金的所指定的接收者账户、数字钱包(电话)或电子邮件地址的资金提供。
发送者140随后可以用该发送者的移动设备105简单地触摸或“轻拍”接收者145的允许NFC的移动设备110，来实现指定的接收者信息从接收者的移动设备110经由NFC到发送者的移动设备105的传送。
如本领域普通技术人员将理解的，虽然这里所示和所描述的(一个或多个)方法/(一个或多个)步骤是按一定顺序发生的，但是不要求特定顺序或顺序的任意组合或解释。明显的修改将对本领域普通技术人员是显而易见的，并且所有这些改变和修改都希望被包含在本公开的范围之内。
例如，接收者信息可以在选择发送者140将发送的钱款的资金来源和/或金额之前被获取。据此，接收者信息的获取可以自动激活在发送者的移动设备105上的“发送钱款”功能，从而呈现用于使能各种功能的菜单选项，如上所述，包括与金融交易有关的那些。
发送者的支付请求随后被自动传送(提交)到支付提供商***120以用于处理，包括其核实、授权、分配、确认等等。可替换地，可以向发送者140提供在其向支付提供商***120提交之前复查支付请求信息的机会。
在成功完成支付处理之后，支付提供商***可以例如借助电子邮件、电话呼叫、或多媒体消息服务(MMS)消息来传达相应的SMS通知，即，成功的资金转移、成功的资金储蓄、转移或储蓄的金额、或某种其他向发送者140和/或接收者145告知支付处理结果的有关消息。发送者140和/或接收者145的通知还可以包括可听的和/或可视的和/或可触知的指示，例如在相应设备中的振动。
总之，在一个实施例中，转移的联络信息被直接经由NFC从接收者的移动设备110传送到发送者的移动设备105。支付复查是经由从发送者的移动设备105到接收者的移动设备110的NFC而完成的，其示出金融交易的状况。支付请求是基于OTA被实时传送到支付提供商***120的，而通知和确认是经由SMS和/或MMS和/或其他形式的可感觉的指示器被传送到发送者的移动设备105和接收者的移动设备110的。
如上所述，移动设备105和110之间的对等支付可以使用网络环境中的近场通信来辅助。据此，诸如移动设备105和110之类的对象可以被扩充以具有用于允许用户收集信息和/或进行金融交易的芯片。这些交易包括对货物支付、接收钱款、转移钱款、以及发送和接收用户信息。
如上参考图6所述，金融交易可以包括允许NFC的移动设备105和110之间的“一次轻拍(one-tap)”过程，其中，移动设备之间的单次“轻拍”传送联络信息(例如，蜂窝电话号码或电子邮件地址)，并且在先前已输入支付金额的情况下向支付提供商***传送支付请求。
参考图6，在该一步式或“一次轻拍”过程中，在发送者140和接收者145各自的两个允许NFC的设备之间的“钱款转移”或“金融交易”由第三方服务提供商(例如PayPal)实现，并且包括：1)发送者140向发送者的NFC设备105输入支付请求(金额、付款工具等等)，2)发送者随后经由发送者的NFC设备105对接收者的NFC设备110的单次“轻拍”收集接收者信息并将请求同时发送到第三方提供商120，以及3)第三方服务提供商随后向发送者和接收者两者发送交易确认。两个设备105和110可以例如都连接到因特网以实现交易。另外，其他信息可以与支付相关信息一道传送，例如，用户ID、化身(avatar)、图标等等。一旦交易在进行中或完成，用户就通过例如上述相应设备的音频和/或可视指示和/或振动而得到通知。
在网络环境中使用近场通信在移动设备105和110之间进行支付的***和方法可被用来辅助“开环(open loop)”金融交易，其中，一次性虚拟***或借记帐户被支付提供商***120发布并被商家使用，以使得用户和商家将该过程看作标准金融交易。
可替换地，在网络环境中使用近场通信在移动设备105和110之间进行支付的***和方法可被用来辅助“闭环(closed loop)”金融交易，其中，支付提供商***120为商家提供POS终端。据此，用户可以将他或她的移动设备105在POS终端上“轻拍”来为商品支付，并且商家直接通过支付提供商***120得到支付。
图8A和图8B分别示出典型的“已知”类型的钱款请求，和根据本发明一个实施例的在网络环境中使用近场通信在移动设备之间进行的对等金融交易中的对比钱款请求。
与图8A所示的用于请求钱款的已知四步过程相对比，如图8B所示，利用NFC的钱款请求可以包括：第一步(1)接收者经由NFC向发送者发送钱款请求，第二步(2)发送者经由OTA向支付提供商***授权支付，以及第三步(3)支付提供商***通知接收者资金的转移。
据此，通过经由NFC传输信息，发送者只需要输入PIN来批准与支付提供商***的支付。
类似于图8B所公开的钱款请求，在根据一个实施例的在网络环境中使用近场通信在移动设备之间进行的对等金融交易中可以执行“服务收费”。据此，在图8第一步中，数据内容(例如音乐下载)可以与经由NFC来自接收者的移动设备的对音乐下载的钱款请求一道被传送到发送者的移动设备。如果发送者同意购买或为音乐下载发送钱款，该过程则将继续，如上步骤(2)和步骤(3)所公开的。
图9示出多个接口画面的示例，它们可以被显示在发送者的移动设备和/或接收者的移动设备上，以执行根据本公开的一个实施例的在网络环境中使用近场通信在两个移动设备之间的对等金融交易。
虽然已经参考本发明的某些特定示例性实施例描述并示出了本发明的装置和方法，但是应该理解，在不脱离如所附权利要求以及它们的功能等同物所限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对这些实施例进行各种修改和变化。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于从发送者向接收者转移钱款的方法，该方法包括：
向所述发送者的允许近场通信(NFC)的数据通信设备输入与所述转移有关的信息；以及
将所述发送者的设备放在所述接收者的允许NFC的数据通信设备附近，
其中，所述发送者的设备可响应于被放在所述接收者的设备附近而操作来：
在所述两个设备之间建立NFC链路；
经由所述NFC链路从所述接收者的设备接收与所述接收者有关的信息；以及
将与所述转移和所述接收者有关的信息经由网络发送到第三方服务提供商，并从而使得所述服务提供商将来自所述发送者的资金账户的钱款转移到所述接收者的接收账户。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述发送者和所述接收者的允许NFC的设备中的至少一个包括蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、智能电话、钥匙扣异型卡、智能卡、计算机、个人计算机(PC)或销售点(POP)终端。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中将所述发送者的设备放在所述接收者的设备附近包括用所述发送者的设备轻拍所述接收者的设备。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中与所述转移有关的信息包括由以下各项构成的群组中的至少一个：发送者的身份、资金帐户和转移的金额。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中与所述接收者有关的信息包括由以下各项构成的群组中的至少一个：接收者的身份、蜂窝电话号码、电子邮件地址和接收账户。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述网络包括因特网、内联网、地面线路网络或无线网络。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：所述发送者将其他信息与所述与转移和接收者有关的信息一道传送到所述服务提供商。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述其他信息包括由以下各项构成的群组中的至少一个：所述发送者和所述接收者的身份、化身和图标。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：所述发送者从所述服务提供商接收确认从所述发送者到所述接收者的钱款转移的消息。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述确认消息包括由以下各项构成的群组中的至少一个：可视消息、可听消息和可触知消息。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述发送者的设备和所述接收者的设备中的每一个包括适合于辅助如下各项中的至少一个的软件：在所述发送者和所述接收者的允许NFC的设备之间建立NFC链路，以及实现从所述发送者到所述接收者的钱款转移。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
加密所述发送者的设备和所述接收者的设备之间经由所述NFC链路的通信；以及
加密所述发送者的设备和所述服务提供商之间经由所述网络的通信。
13.一种用于从发送者向接收者转移钱款的装置，该装置包括：
发送者的允许近场通信(NFC)的数据通信设备，其适合于接收由所述发送者输入的与所述转移有关的信息；以及
接收者的允许NFC的数据通信设备，其适合于经由建立在所述两个设备之间的NFC链路将与所述接收者有关的信息传送到所述发送者的设备，
其中，所述发送者的设备可响应于被放在所述接收者的设备附近而操作来：
在所述两个设备之间建立NFC链路；
收集经由所述NFC链路来自所述接收者的设备的与所述接收者有关的信息；以及
将与所述转移和所述接收者有关的信息经由网络发送到第三方服务提供商，并从而使得所述服务提供商将来自所述发送者的资金账户的钱款转移到所述接收者的接收账户。
14.如权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述发送者和所述接收者的允许NFC的设备中的至少一个包括蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、智能电话、钥匙扣异型卡、智能卡、计算机、个人计算机(PC)或销售点(POP)终端。
15.如权利要求13所述的装置，还包括：服务提供商服务器设备，其可操作来从所述发送者的设备经由所述网络接收与所述转移和所述接收者有关的信息，并核实、授权和确认从所述发送者到所述接收者的钱款转移。
16.如权利要求15所述的装置，其中所述服务提供商服务器设备还可操作来实现从所述发送者的资金帐户到所述接收者的接收账户的钱款转移。
17.一种用于接收钱款的方法，该方法包括：
向所述钱款的接收者的允许近场通信(NFC)的数据通信设备提供与所述接收者有关的信息，所述信息包括所述接收者的指定获取账户；
在所述接收者的设备和所述钱款的发送者的允许NFC的数据通信设备之间建立NFC链路；
将与所述接收者有关的信息从所述接收者的设备经由所述NFC链路发送到所述发送者的设备；以及
在所述接收者的指定获取账户中接收所述钱款，
其中，所述NFC链路的建立和与所述接收者有关的信息的发送包括将所述接收者的设备和所述发送者的设备放置为彼此靠近。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其中所述发送者和所述接收者的允许NFC的设备中的至少一个包括蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、智能电话、钥匙扣异型卡、智能卡、计算机、个人计算机(PC)或销售点(POP)终端。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法，其中将所述接收者的设备和所述发送者的设备放置为彼此靠近包括将所述发送者的设备和所述接收者的设备放置在彼此相距大约0到10厘米的范围内。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法，其中将所述接收者的设备和所述发送者的设备放置为彼此靠近包括用所述发送者的设备接触所述接收者的设备。
21.一种用于从发送者向接收者转移钱款的方法，该方法包括：
提供支付服务提供商，在所述支付服务提供商处建立有发送者的账户；
在所述服务提供商处接收经由网络来自所述发送者的与所述转移和所述接收者有关的信息；以及
响应于所述服务提供商对所述信息的接收，从所述发送者的资金帐户向所述接收者的接收账户转移钱款，
其中，与所述接收者有关的信息至少部分经由近场通信(NFC)链路被从所述接收者发送到所述服务提供商。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，还包括将确认所述钱款转移的消息发送到所述发送者和所述接收者中的至少一个。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中所述确认消息包括由以下各项构成的群组中的至少一个：可视消息、可听消息和可触知消息。
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US9224140B2 (en) 2015-12-29
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