CN101809332B - 静液机械式功率分流变速器 - Google Patents

静液机械式功率分流变速器 Download PDF

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CN101809332B
CN101809332B CN2008801094988A CN200880109498A CN101809332B CN 101809332 B CN101809332 B CN 101809332B CN 2008801094988 A CN2008801094988 A CN 2008801094988A CN 200880109498 A CN200880109498 A CN 200880109498A CN 101809332 B CN101809332 B CN 101809332B
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clutch
speed changer
hydrostatic
wheel set
tooth wheel
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CN101809332A (zh
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于尔根·莱格纳
罗兰德·菲斯查尔
麦克尔·西贝尔
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0935—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts with multiple countershafts comprising only one idle gear and one gear fixed to the countershaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/103—Power split variators with each end of the CVT connected or connectable to a Ravigneaux set
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/202—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set
    • F16H2200/2023—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set using a Ravigneaux set with 4 connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/16—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion essentially with both gears that can be put out of gear and continuously-meshing gears that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/18—Gearings for reversal only

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种功率分流变速器，其具有用于农用机械以及用于建筑机械的至少两个无级行驶范围，该功率分流变速器具有复合行星变速器，该复合行星变速器在其上游联接有前进用的离合器(7)和倒车用的离合器(6)，该复合行星变速器具有第一太阳轮(13)和第二太阳轮(14)以及齿圈(15)，其中，针对第一行驶范围能通过第一行驶范围用的离合器(23)使齿圈(15)与从动轴(22)连接，并且针对第二行驶范围能通过第二行驶范围用的离合器(27)使第二太阳轮(14)与从动轴(22)连接。

Description

静液机械式功率分流变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种类型的静液机械式功率分流变速器。
背景技术
DE 10 2006 025 348 A1公开一种具有机械功率分支和静液功率分支的静液机械式功率分流变速器，这些功率分支集合到复合变速器中，以便可以在不同的行驶范围内对驱动轴进行无级驱动。
DE 10 2006 025 347 B3公开一种液压模块，该液压模块由两个集成的斜轴传动装置组成，这两个集成的斜轴传动装置可以在其排量方面通过共用的磁轭来调节。
在双磁轭的第一位置上，泵在最小排量上而马达在最大排量上，并且在调节双磁轭时，马达朝向其最小的排量方向调节而泵朝向其最大排量方向调节。
农用车辆例如拖拉机具有带驱动轴和从动轴的变速器，其中，驱动轴和从动轴具有很小的轴距。此外，必要的是，以如下方式调节用于拖拉机的驱动系，即，使该拖拉机能够达到60km/h。
作业机械例如轮式装载机具有带驱动轴和从动轴的变速器，驱动轴和从动轴具有很大的轴距。与用于农用车辆的变速器不同，用于前轴的驱动轴和用于后轴的驱动轴拥有与变速器的驱动轴相同的轴距，其中，在农用车辆中，用于后轴的驱动轴与用于前轴的驱动轴间隔开。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种静液机械式功率分流变速器，该功率分流变速器能够以简单的方式用于例如拖拉机的农用车辆和例如轮式装载机的作业机械。
根据本发明，静液机械式功率分流变速器具有驱动轴，该驱动轴例如与内燃机连接。驱动轴一方面通过前进用的离合器经由复合变速器中的行星架传动，并且另一方面通过倒车用的离合器以复合变速器的行星架传动。
优选的是，前进用的离合器与驱动轴同轴地布置，并且倒车用的离合器布置在与驱动轴间隔开的轴上。倒车用的离合器通过正齿轮副与驱动轴连接并且通过正齿轮副与复合变速器的行星架连接。前进用的离合器同样针对正齿轮副与复合变速器的行星架连接。复合变速器实施为行星轮变速器，其中，该行星轮变速器具有至少一个双行星轮，所述双行星轮与第一太阳轮和第二太阳轮及齿圈保持啮合，其中，第一太阳轮与第一液压单元保持连接并且齿圈与第二液压单元保持连接。
在第一行驶范围中，第一液压单元作为泵来起作用，而第二液压单元作为马达来起作用。
在第二行驶范围中，第一液压单元作为马达来起作用，而第二液压单元作为泵来起作用。
优选的是，第一太阳轮与第一液压单元同轴地布置，而第二太阳轮通过正齿轮副与第二液压单元的轴连接，其中，第一液压单元的轴与第二液压单元的轴间隔开地布置。
优选的是，液压单元如在DE 10 2006 025 347 B3中所公开的那样借助双磁轭来实施。在具有前进用的和倒车用的离合器的正齿轮变速器以及复合行星变速器和两个液压单元的下游，借助布置在轴上的离合器来布置正齿轮变速器，以便变换多个无级行驶范围。
第一行驶范围用的离合器通过正齿轮副与第二液压单元的驱动轴连接。
第二行驶范围用的离合器通过正齿轮副与复合行星变速器的第二太阳轮连接。
如果对第一行驶范围的离合器进行接合操作，那么变速器的从动轴通过正齿轮副与第二液压单元的驱动轴连接。
如果第二行驶范围的离合器已接合，那么变速器的从动轴通过正齿轮副与第二太阳轮连接。因为变速器的从动轴上的齿轮与第二液压单元的轴上的齿轮保持有效连接，所以存在通过如下方式在空间上布置该从动轴的可能性，即，从动轴通过另一正齿轮副来驱动用于拖拉机后轴的驱动轴且直接驱动拖拉机前轴或者通过正齿轮副来对轮式装载机的前轴和后轴进行驱动。
在用于拖拉机的实施方案中，具有用于后轴的驱动轴的正齿轮副布置在变速器的驱动轴的方向上，并且用于车辆前轴的驱动轴几乎平行于变速器从动轴分布。
为了实现其他减速范围，第三行驶范围用的离合器位于第二液压单元的轴上，通过该离合器，第二液压单元的轴可以通过正齿轮副与从动轴连接。
因此可以无需很大开支地实现具有用于农用车辆或作业机械的两个或三个行驶范围的功率分流变速器。
附图说明
其他的特征由附图说明得知。其中：
图1示出用于具有两个行驶范围的作业机械的功率分流变速器；
图2示出用于具有三个行驶范围的作业机械的功率分流变速器；
图3示出用于具有两个行驶范围的农用车辆的功率分流变速器，并且
图4示出用于具有三个行驶范围的农用车辆的功率分流变速器。
具体实施方式
图1：
驱动轴1与驱动马达2抗扭地连接。驱动轴1经由固定轮3和固定轮4来驱动辅助从动装置5和前进用的离合器6以及倒车用的离合器7。倒车用的离合器7与驱动轴1同轴地布置，并且前进用的离合器6与驱动轴1间隔开地布置。通过接合前进用的离合器，驱动轴1经由空套轮8来驱动空套轮9，该空套轮8布置在驱动轴1上，该空套轮9与行星架10抗扭地连接。通过接合倒车用的离合器6，驱动轴1经由空套轮11来驱动空套轮9。在行星架10上支承有至少一个双行星轮12。双行星轮12与第一太阳轮13和第二太阳轮14以及齿圈15保持啮合。第一太阳轮13与第一液压单元17的轴16抗扭地连接。齿圈15经由固定轮18和固定轮19与第二液压单元21的轴20连接。从动轴22可以经由与从动轴22同轴地布置的第一行驶范围用的离合器23、空套轮24及固定轮25与轴20连接。从动轴22可以经由固定轮25′、固定轮26以及第二行驶范围用的离合器27、空套轮28及固定轮29与第二太阳轮14连接。固定轮29与第二太阳轮14同轴地布置，固定轮26、第二行驶范围用的离合器27以及空套轮28同轴地布置，固定轮25′、第一行驶范围用的离合器23以及空套轮24与从动轴22同轴地布置。为了实现用于轮式装载机的足够的轴距，在从动轴22上布置固定轮30和固定轮31，其中，固定轮31与轴32同轴地布置，该轴32可以抗扭地与用于前轴和后轴的驱动轴连接。
存在如下可能性：例如针对农用车辆，与固定轮26连接的轴作为从动轴来使用，由此该从动轴对轮进行驱动。
也存在如下可能性：使用轴36来对轮进行驱动。
在另一构造方式中，空套轮24会直接与固定轮19关联，由此取消固定轮25。
在另一构造方式中，固定轮31会直接与固定轮25′关联，由此能够取消固定轮30。
图2：
该图2仅通过如下方式区别于图1，即，第三行驶范围可以借助第三行驶范围用的离合器33经由空套轮34变换到固定轮35上并且可以从那里变换到从动轴22上。
因此第一行驶范围可以在前进方向上通过接合前进用的离合器7和第一行驶范围用的离合器23来进行变换。
第二行驶范围可以在前进方向上通过接合前进用的离合器7和第二行驶范围用的离合器27来进行变换。
第三行驶范围可以在前进方向上通过接合前进用的离合器7和第三行驶范围用的离合器33来进行变换。
第一行驶范围可以在倒车方向上通过接合倒车用的离合器6和第一行驶范围用的离合器23来进行变换。
第二行驶范围可以在倒车方向上通过接合倒车用的离合器6和第二行驶范围用的离合器27来进行变换。
第三行驶范围可以在倒车方向上通过接合倒车用的离合器6和第三行驶范围用的离合器33来进行变换。
图3：
该图3仅通过如下方式区别于图1，即，从动轴22直接与用于跟拖拉机的前轴连接的轴36抗扭地连接，并且固定轮37会与固定轮30关联并且对用于驱动后轴的轴38进行驱动。轴38布置在驱动轴1的方向上，这是因为拖拉机在驱动轴1与轴38之间需要小轴距，轴36具有距驱动轴1的更大的轴距，以便能够在有驱动马达的情况下驱动前轴。
图4：
该图4仅通过如下方式区别于图3，即，存在如图2中所示那样的第三行驶范围。
附图标记列表
1     驱动轴
2     驱动马达
3     固定轮
4     固定轮
5     辅助从动装置
6     倒车用的离合器
7     前进用的离合器
8     空套轮
9     空套轮
10    行星架
11    空套轮
12    双行星轮
13    第一太阳轮
14    第二太阳轮
15    齿圈
16    轴
17    第一液压单元
18    空套轮
19    固定轮
20    轴
21    第二液压单元
22    从动轴
23    第一行驶范围用的离合器
24    空套轮
25    固定轮
25′  固定轮
26    固定轮
27    第二行驶范围用的离合器
28    空套轮
29    固定轮
30    固定轮
31    固定轮
32    轴
33    第三行驶范围用的离合器
34    空套轮
35    固定轮
36    轴
37    固定轮
38    轴

Claims (9)

1.静液机械式功率分流变速器，具有驱动轴(1)，所述驱动轴(1)能够通过前进用的离合器(7)和倒车用的离合器(6)与复合变速器的行星架(10)连接，其特征在于，所述复合变速器具有第一太阳轮(13)、第二太阳轮(14)、齿圈(15)和支承在所述行星架(10)上的至少一个双行星轮(12)；其中，液压功率分支的第一液压单元(17)与第一太阳轮(13)抗扭地连接，并且液压功率分支的第二液压单元(21)通过第一正齿轮副与所述齿圈(15)连接；其中，所述第二液压单元(21)能够通过第二正齿轮副和第一行驶范围用的离合器(23)连接从动轴(22)，并且所述第二太阳轮(14)能够通过第三正齿轮副借助第二行驶范围用的离合器(27)与所述从动轴(22)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的静液机械式功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述前进用的离合器(7)与所述驱动轴(1)同轴地布置，并且所述倒车用的离合器(6)和所述复合变速器都与所述驱动轴(1)相间隔地布置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的静液机械式功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述第二液压单元(21)能够通过第三行驶范围用的离合器(33)与所述从动轴(22)连接，其中，所述第三行驶范围用的离合器(33)与所述第二液压单元(21)的驱动轴(20)同轴地布置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的静液机械式功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述第一行驶范围用的离合器(23)与从动轴(22)同轴地布置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的静液机械式功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述从动轴(22)通过第四正齿轮副来驱动车辆的输入轴(38)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的静液机械式功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述第四正齿轮副为了应用在农用机械中而布置在所述驱动轴(1)的方向上，所述从动轴(22)通过所述第四正齿轮副来驱动所述输入轴(38)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的静液机械式功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述第四正齿轮副为了应用在作业机械中而远离所述驱动轴(1)布置，所述从动轴(22)通过所述第四正齿轮副来驱动所述输入轴(38)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的静液机械式功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述第二行驶范围用的离合器(27)与第五正齿轮副的固定轮(26)同轴地布置，所述第五正齿轮副的另一固定轮(25′)与所述从动轴(22)同轴地布置。
9.根据权利要求1所述的静液机械式功率分流变速器，其特征在于，所述第一液压单元(17)和所述第二液压单元(21)构造成具有共用磁轭的斜轴单元。
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