WO2009009928A1 - Procédé de condensation et de transfert thermique ayant une fonction de division de liquide automatique et appareil apparenté - Google Patents

Procédé de condensation et de transfert thermique ayant une fonction de division de liquide automatique et appareil apparenté Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009009928A1
WO2009009928A1 PCT/CN2007/002190 CN2007002190W WO2009009928A1 WO 2009009928 A1 WO2009009928 A1 WO 2009009928A1 CN 2007002190 W CN2007002190 W CN 2007002190W WO 2009009928 A1 WO2009009928 A1 WO 2009009928A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
short
condensation heat
liquid separation
condensing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/002190
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Xiaofeng Peng
Yang Zhang
Di Wu
Jiang Zou
Gui Lu
Hongbo Liu
Zhiyong Lin
Zhen Wang
Original Assignee
Tsinghua University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tsinghua University filed Critical Tsinghua University
Priority to PCT/CN2007/002190 priority Critical patent/WO2009009928A1/fr
Publication of WO2009009928A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009009928A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1607—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0266—Particular core assemblies, e.g. having different orientations or having different geometric features

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a condensation heat transfer method and apparatus, and more particularly to a condensation heat transfer method and apparatus having an automatic liquid separation function.
  • air is used as a cooling medium, which is called an air-cooled condenser
  • liquid as a cooling medium is called a liquid-cooled condenser.
  • a general air-cooled condenser or a liquid-cooled condenser has a condensation method.
  • Single-stage the condenser using this conventional condensing heat transfer method, has the following problems:
  • the traditional small and large air-cooled condenser the steam flowing in the heat exchange tube or the heat exchange tube bundle, the air heat exchange outside the heat exchange tube, or the air heat exchanged by the fan, the steam in the heat exchange tube
  • the liquid film gradually thickens, and in the relatively long tube length, the complex two-phase flow gradually increases in liquid phase, and the thermal resistance gradually increases, and the condensation effect is seriously deteriorated.
  • the amount of steam gradually decreases, the steam flow rate in the heat exchange tube decreases significantly, the condensation effect is drastically degraded, and the heat transfer coefficient is reduced.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a condensation heat transfer method and apparatus having an automatic liquid separation function which is small in size, excellent in heat exchange efficiency, and low in production and operation cost.
  • a condensation heat transfer method with an automatic liquid separation function which uses a cooled air or liquid to sequentially pass steam to be condensed through a tube of a multi-stage short-range heat transfer tube. Or stepwise cooling and condensation outside the pipe, automatic separation of vapor and liquid between each short-range heat exchange tube, and concentrated gathering to eliminate condensate.
  • a condensing heat exchanger having an automatic liquid separation function comprising a casing, a cooling medium inlet and an outlet disposed on the casing, and a steam inlet and a condensate outlet; wherein:
  • a vapor-liquid separation device is disposed between the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes of the stages, and the condensate outlet of the vapor-liquid separation device is coupled to a condensate drain tube.
  • the upper end of the housing is respectively connected with an upper head and a lower head, and the upper head is divided into left and right chambers by a partition, and the left and right chambers respectively and the lower head Connecting a set of condensing heat exchange tubes,
  • the condensate drain pipe is disposed in the lower head, and the liquid inlet end of the condensate drain pipe is connected to the condensate outlet at the top of the lower head.
  • the top of the upper casing and the bottom of the lower casing are respectively connected to an upper and lower sealing head, and a vapor-liquid separating chamber is connected between the upper and lower casings,
  • a partition is disposed in the upper head and the vapor-liquid separation chamber, and the upper head and the vapor-liquid separation chamber are separated into left and right chambers and left and right vapor-liquid separation chambers; the left and right chambers are respectively
  • the left and right vapor-liquid separation chambers communicate with a set of condensing heat exchange tubes, and the left and right vapor-liquid separation chambers respectively communicate with the lower heads to form a set of condensing heat exchange tubes, and the condensate drains
  • the liquid pipe is disposed at a bottom of the lower head, and a liquid passing port is disposed between the upper and lower casings.
  • the housing is provided with 2 to 4 baffles arranged in a staggered manner, and the spacing between the baffles decreases as the amount of steam decreases.
  • the vapor-liquid separation device is a header connected to both ends of the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes of the respective stages, and the first stage of the header is provided with a steam inlet and connected to the inlet end of the short-stage condensation heat exchange tube of the first stage, and the latter
  • the header is connected to the outlet end of the short-range condensation heat exchange tube of the previous stage and the inlet end of the short-range condensation heat exchange tube of the second stage, and the last stage of the header is connected with the last stage short-range condensation heat transfer
  • the outlet end of the tube is provided with a condensate outlet, and the condensate outlet is connected to the condensate drain pipe in parallel with the drain pipe provided in each of the headers, and the number of the heat exchange short pipes is gradually decreased.
  • the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes are arranged laterally, and the headers are disposed at both ends of the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes.
  • the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes are vertically arranged, and the header is disposed at both ends of the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes.
  • the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes are vertically arranged in two rows, and each of the columns is provided with one or more short-range condensation heat exchange tubes.
  • the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes are arranged in two rows in the lateral direction, and each row is provided with one or more short-range condensation heat exchange tubes.
  • the condensers disposed in two rows and each row having two or more short-range condensation heat exchange tubes are two sets arranged in a V shape, and the headers at one end of the intersection of the two sets of condensers are common.
  • the condensers which are arranged in two rows and have two or more stages of short-range condensation heat exchange tubes in each row are two or more sets arranged in a central axis, and the sets of condensers are common to the headers at the junctions.
  • the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes are disposed at least two rows laterally, each row has two or more short-range condensation heat exchange tubes, and each of the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes is oppositely disposed with a steam inlet to form two or more independent processes. And the flow of the adjacent tubes is reversed, and the drains of the headers are connected to the same condensate drain.
  • the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes are laterally arranged in two rows, and each row has two-stage short-range condensation heat exchange tubes.
  • the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes are laterally arranged in two rows, each row having four stages of short-range condensation heat exchange tubes, and the four-stage short-range condensation heat exchange tubes are surrounded by an approximately closed annular or circular shape.
  • a gas sealing device is disposed at a liquid discharge port of the header, and the gas sealing device includes a solid top cover and a connection An annular porous core of the top cover, the porous core being fixed on a wall surface of the liquid discharge opening.
  • the invention adopts a multi-stage (or multi-stage) short-range condensation heat exchange tube for steam cooling condensation, and performs automatic vapor-liquid separation in the middle of each two-stage short-range condensation heat exchange tube and
  • the method of draining liquid and collecting concentrated condensate ensures that all the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes enter and are cooled and condensed by pure steam, which can effectively reduce the thickness and eliminate the condensed liquid film on the inner wall of the condensation heat exchange tube during steam condensation. Unfavorable two-phase flow.
  • the invention fully utilizes the short-range condensation heat exchange tube, so that all the short-range condensation heat exchange tubes in each section are in a short tube bead or unstable thin liquid film condensation, or promote the loss of the liquid film by the influence of steam on the liquid film.
  • Stabilization and fracture form a stream-like condensation of film-like condensation and bead-like condensation, thereby enhancing the film-like condensation heat transfer effect and increasing the condensation heat transfer coefficient in the heat exchange tube.
  • the rib arrangement of the invention is matched with the airflow performance, and the temperature of the outer rib base (or the outer wall surface) of each short-distance condensing heat exchange tube is maintained at almost the same level, and the driving temperature difference of the convective heat transfer on the air side is effectively increased. Thereby, the air side ribs are uniformly and effectively utilized, the utilization rate of the ribs is improved, the heat transfer outside the heat exchange tubes is enhanced, and the total heat transfer coefficient is improved. 4.
  • the invention utilizes the junction box in the middle of each two-stage short-range condensation heat exchange tube to perform steam splitting, realizes gas-liquid separation through the gas sealing device, ensures the optimal liquid discharge effect, and avoids the phenomenon of steam leakage or steam short circuit. 5.
  • the present invention improves the performance of the overall condensing heat exchanger. Preliminary experiments and analysis show that the device of the present invention can save more than 30% of material compared with the conventional condenser, and the liquid as the cooling medium can reach a much higher level.
  • the material effect (more than 50-60%) has the effect of reducing the cost of condenser production and operation. 6.
  • the number of heat exchange tubes in the condenser can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the amount of heat exchange, the requirements of different condensation loads can be applied, and the arrangement form of the condensation heat transfer tubes can be adjusted according to the application space state.
  • the structure is flexible and compact, and the space is adaptable.
  • the device of the invention is simple to process, and does not need to add any special processing technology compared with the conventional condenser, and is very advantageous for popularization in the condenser manufacturing industry.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a liquid-cooled external condenser of the liquid separation type of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a condenser in a liquid-separated liquid-cooled tube of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the bent type steam separator of the condenser of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the horizontal tube type liquid-type air-cooled condenser of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the arrangement structure of the condensation heat exchange tubes of the condenser of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a riser type liquid-type air-cooled condenser of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooling condenser of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the arrangement structure of the condensation heat exchange tubes of the condenser of Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the series riser type multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooled condenser of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a two-way parallel horizontal tubular multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooled condenser according to the present invention
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the integrated manner of the serial horizontal tubular integrated multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooled condenser of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the integration mode of the serial horizontal tubular V-shaped integrated multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooled condenser of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an integrated manner of a four-stage parallel horizontal tubular multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooled condenser according to the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of a gas sealing device provided at the liquid discharging portion of the present invention.
  • the condensation heat transfer method with the automatic liquid separation function of the invention is: sequentially cooling the steam to be cooled and the air or water for cooling through a multi-stage (or multi-stage) short-range condensation heat exchange tube, in each stage of the short-range
  • the vapor-liquid is automatically separated between the condensation heat exchange tubes, and concentrated to collect and remove the condensate.
  • various means can be employed, which will be described below by way of examples.
  • this embodiment is a two-pipe split liquid-external liquid-cooling condensing device 1 , which comprises a base 101 supporting a heat exchanger housing 102 on the base 101 in a heat exchanger shell An upper head 103 and a lower head 104 are respectively disposed above and below the body 102.
  • a partition 105 is vertically disposed in the upper head 103. The partition 105 partitions the upper head 103 into two left and right chambers 106, 107.
  • a cooling water inlet 108 is disposed at the top of the left chamber 106, and the right chamber 107 is disposed.
  • a cooling water outlet 109 is provided at the top.
  • An upper tube plate 110 and a lower tube plate 111 are respectively disposed at both ends of the heat exchanger housing 102, and the upper and lower tube sheets 110, 111 are respectively connected to the upper and lower headers 103, 104.
  • a heat exchange tube 112, 112' is connected between the upper and lower tube sheets 110, 111 in the heat exchanger housing 102, wherein the top of the heat exchange tube 112 communicates with the left chamber 106 of the upper head 103, and the heat exchange tube 112' The top portion communicates with the right chamber 107 of the upper head 103, and the bottoms of the heat exchange tubes 112, 112' communicate with the lower head 104.
  • Two or four staggered inclined baffles 113 are disposed in the heat exchanger housing 102, and the heat exchange tubes 112, 112' are disposed on the baffle 113, and each of the baffles 113 is inclined and bucked.
  • the spacing between the plates 113 is gradually narrowed from top to bottom, and the condensate outlet at the top of the lower head 104 is connected to a condensate drain pipe 114 disposed in the lower head 104, and the condensate drain pipe 114 is passed out of the lower head. 104.
  • a steam inlet 115 is disposed in the upper portion of the heat exchanger housing 102, and a raised expansion joint 116 is formed in the middle of the heat exchanger housing 102 to reserve a space for heat expansion of the heat exchanger housing 102.
  • the cooling water enters the upper head 103 from the inlet 108, enters each heat exchange tube 112 through the left chamber 106, and then folds back through the lower head 104 into each heat exchange tube 112' to the right chamber. 107, discharged from the cooling water outlet 109 at the top of the upper head 103.
  • Steam enters the heat exchanger from the steam inlet 115 The casing 102, the steam undergoes several return strokes under the blocking of the baffle 113, exchanges heat with the cooling water in the heat exchange tubes 112, 112', and condenses, and is divided into two sections by the baffle 113.
  • the heat exchange tubes 112, 112' are further divided into multi-stage short-range heat exchange tubes, the liquid condensed on the heat exchange tubes 112, 112' is blocked, flows down the baffle 113, and converges into the lower tube.
  • the condensate drain pipe 114 on the plate 111 and the condensate in the condensate drain pipe 114 are further cooled by the cooling water in the lower head 104 and discharged.
  • the condensing heat exchange tube is set to two stages (stages), and the condensed liquid condensed on the outer wall of the two-stage condensing heat exchange tubes is condensed and discharged through the condensate drain pipe 114 provided on the lower tube sheet, thereby realizing the use of the short tube.
  • Heat exchange the purpose of concentrated drainage.
  • the two-stage heat exchange tubes 112, 112' are divided into a plurality of short-range condensation heat exchange tubes 112, 112', which can block the liquid film from being more timely.
  • the thickening of the lower layer improves the problem that the liquid film covers the surface of the heat exchange tube in the conventional condensing device, resulting in a decrease in the heat transfer coefficient, and the baffle 113 increases the steam flow and disturbance, by adjusting the interval between the baffles 113.
  • the gas flow rate in the heat exchanger housing 102 can be flexibly controlled to ensure that the steam has the best condensation and heat transfer form outside the heat exchange tubes 112, 112', and at the same time, each part of the heat exchange tubes 112, 112' has a plurality of sections. Almost the same condensation heat transfer.
  • the condensing device greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency of the two-tube heat exchange tubes 112, 112', fully utilizes the space inside the condenser housing 102, and reduces the volume and weight of the condenser housing 102.
  • the condensate drain pipe 114 is further cooled by the cooling water inside the lower head 104 to have a certain degree of subcooling, which increases the reliability of the system.
  • the embodiment is a four-tube condensing and liquid-distributing internal liquid-cooling condensing device 2, which comprises a base 201, and the base 201 supports two-part upper and lower exchanges.
  • the heat exchanger housings 202, 203 are respectively provided with tube sheets 204, 205, 206, 207 at both ends of the upper and lower heat exchanger housings 202, 203.
  • the upper and lower heat exchanger housings 202, 203 are respectively connected to the upper and lower heads 208, 209 through the tube sheets 204, 207, and a partition 210 is disposed in the upper head 208 to separate the upper head 208 to the left.
  • the right two head chambers 211, 212 are provided with a steam inlet 213 at the top of the left head chamber 211.
  • An opening is provided at the bottom of the lower head 209, and a condensate drain pipe 214 is connected to the opening.
  • the upper and lower heat exchanger shells 202, 203 are integrally connected by the tube sheets 205, 206.
  • a vapor-liquid separation chamber 215 is disposed between the two tube sheets 205, 206, and a vapor-depositing partition 216 is disposed in the vapor-liquid separation chamber 215.
  • the vapor-liquid separation chamber 215 is partitioned into two left and right vapor-liquid separation chambers 217, 218.
  • a liquid pipe 219 is bored in the two tube sheets 205, 206 and the vapor-liquid separation chamber 215 for communicating the cooling water of the upper and lower heat exchanger housings 202, 203.
  • Two sets of condensing heat exchange tubes 220 and 221 are disposed in the upper heat exchanger housing 202, wherein one set of condensing heat exchange tubes 220 is connected to the left head chamber 211 and the left vapor-liquid separating chamber 217, and the other group is condensed heat exchange.
  • the tube 221 communicates with the right head chamber 212 and the right vapor-liquid separation chamber 218.
  • Two sets of condensing heat exchange tubes 222, 223 are disposed in the lower heat exchanger housing 203, wherein one set of condensing heat exchange tubes 222 is connected to the left vapor-liquid separation chamber 217 and the lower head 209, and the other set of condensing heat exchange tubes 223 are connected.
  • the two sets of condensation When the junction heat exchange tubes 222, 223 are installed in the vapor-liquid separation chamber 215, a part of the condensation heat exchange tubes is higher than the bottom surface of the vapor-liquid separation chamber 215, and another portion of the condensation heat exchange tubes is parallel to the bottom surface of the vapor-liquid separation chamber 215, so that The condensed water can be taken in the heat exchange tube parallel to the bottom surface, and the steam is taken in the heat exchange tube higher than the bottom surface of the vapor-liquid separation chamber 215.
  • a cooling water outlet 224 is circumferentially disposed in the upper portion of the upper heat exchanger housing 202, and a cooling water inlet 225 is disposed in the lower portion of the lower heat exchanger housing 203.
  • baffles 226 are respectively disposed in the upper and lower heat exchanger casings 202 and 203, and the function thereof is mainly to increase the flow of the cooling water and improve the disturbance effect, and the water film is not formed and thickened. Blocking effect.
  • the cooling water enters the lower heat exchanger casing 203 from the cooling water inlet 225, and enters the upper heat exchange chamber casing 202 through the upper and lower casings 202, 203 through the liquid inlet 219, and then from the cooling water.
  • the outlet 224 flows out, and the cooling water immerses all of the condensation heat exchange tubes 220, 221, 222, and 223.
  • the steam enters the left head chamber 211 of the upper head 208 from the steam inlet 213, is cooled in the condensation heat exchange tube 220, enters the left vapor-liquid separation chamber 217 for vapor-liquid separation, and enters the bottom surface of the high vapor-liquid separation chamber 215 to be condensed.
  • the vapor of the heat exchange tube 222 contains no condensed water, and the condensed water flows into the lower header 209 through the heat exchange tubes 222 parallel to the bottom of the vapor-liquid separation chamber 215.
  • the steam entering the condensation heat exchange tube 222 is further cooled and then enters the lower head 209 for vapor-liquid separation, and the vapor enters the condensation heat exchange tube 223 to continue cooling, and the condensate on the wall of the condensation heat exchange tube 223 is in gravity during heat exchange. Under the action, it flows into the lower head 209, and enters the right vapor-liquid separation chamber 218 from the top of the condensation heat exchange tube 223.
  • the steam continues to condense through the condensation heat exchange tube 221, and the condensed water flowing out of the condensation heat exchange tube 221 passes through the right vapor liquid.
  • the bottom surface of the separation chamber 218 is parallel to the heat exchange tubes 223 and flows into the lower head 209, and all of the condensed water flowing into the lower head 209 is discharged outside the heat exchange device through the condensate drain tube 214.
  • a vapor-liquid separation device (not shown) composed of a plurality of layers of wire mesh may be provided on the drain pipe 214 to block the vapor from entering the concentrated drain pipe 214.
  • the condensation heat exchange tube is divided into two upper and lower short tubes to prevent the liquid film in the condensation heat exchange tube from being thickened with the condensation, so that the steam directly contacts the surface of the condensation heat exchange tube to maintain
  • the higher heat transfer coefficient improves the disadvantage of the reduction of the heat transfer coefficient caused by the liquid film covering the surface of the condensation heat exchange tube in the conventional condensing equipment.
  • the cooling water inlet 225 in this embodiment is disposed at the bottom end of the lower heat exchanger housing 203 to facilitate draining, omitting the drain pipe; the cooling water outlet 224 is disposed at the uppermost end of the upper heat exchanger housing 202 to facilitate gas The discharge saves the exhaust valve and ensures stable and safe operation.
  • the bending baffle 216 disposed in the vapor-liquid separation chamber 215 can more flexibly control the number of heat exchange tubes.
  • the number of the condensation heat exchange tubes 220, 221, 222, and 223 in the steam flow is gradually reduced.
  • the steam flow rate can be flexibly controlled, the heat exchange efficiency can be effectively improved, the heat exchanger space can be fully utilized, and the volume and weight of the heat exchanger can be reduced.
  • the principle of the present embodiment it is also possible to provide a plurality of heat exchanger housings connected by a vapor-liquid separator for multi-stage cooling. Even if it is a single-stage heat exchanger shell condensing device, it can also form multiple (two times) steam up and down folds between single-stage condensation heat exchange tubes, that is, there can be more than four condensation heat transfer tubes (this implementation) example
  • the 2007/002190 is four, and can also be six or eight condensation heat transfer tubes.
  • the separator 210 in the upper head 208 can also be more than one.
  • this embodiment is a horizontal tube type liquid-type air-cooling condensing device 3, which comprises a plurality of sets of horizontal condensation heat exchange tubes 301, 302, 303, and 304 (four groups in this embodiment).
  • a horizontal tube type liquid-type air-cooling condensing device 3 which comprises a plurality of sets of horizontal condensation heat exchange tubes 301, 302, 303, and 304 (four groups in this embodiment).
  • a steam inlet port 310 is disposed on the header 305, and is connected to the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 301.
  • the header 306 is connected to the outlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 301 and the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 302, and the header 307 is connected and condensed.
  • a drain pipe 311 is disposed at the bottom of each of the headers 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, and the drain pipes 311 of the lowermost bins 308, 309 are connected through a single pass pipe 312 and communicate with a condensate outlet pipe 313.
  • Ribs (fins) 314 are provided on the outer surfaces of the respective sets of condensation heat exchange tubes 301, 302, 303, and 304, respectively.
  • the entire heat exchange device is placed in a casing provided with air inlets and outlets, and the air laterally flushes the condensation heat exchange tubes 301, 302, 303, and 304 of each of the fins 314 for heat exchange.
  • the steam enters the header 305 through the steam inlet 310, and then enters the first group of condensation heat exchange tubes 301 and the header 306, the second group of condensation heat exchange tubes 302 and the header 307, and the third group of condensation heat exchange tubes 303.
  • the header 308, the fourth set of condensing heat exchange tubes 304 and the header 309 are subjected to condensation and vapor-liquid separation, and the condensate in the condensation process passes through the drain pipes disposed at the bottom of the headers 305, 306, 307, 308, and 309, respectively.
  • the 311 flows into the single pass pipe 312 and exits the heat exchange device through a condensate outlet pipe 313. The steam reaching the last header has been completely cooled to condensate, and even if the steam remains, it will also become condensate discharge during the cooling process.
  • a plurality of sets of condensation heat exchange tubes and headers are arranged, and a liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the header box, the condensate is discharged stepwise, and the condensate is collected and discharged, thereby blocking the condensate in the wall of the condensation heat exchange tube.
  • the thickening of the liquid film improves the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange tubes.
  • this embodiment is a vertical tube type liquid-type air-cooling condensing device 4, which is similar in structure to the horizontal-tube liquid-dividing air-cooling condensing device described in Embodiment 3. It also includes multiple sets of vertical settings.
  • the condensation heat exchange tubes 401, 402, 403, 404 (this embodiment is exemplified by four groups, not limited thereto) and a plurality of headers 405, 406, 407, 408, 409.
  • the heat exchange tubes 401, 402, 403, and 404 share the headers 405, 406, 407, 408, and 409 in the same manner as in the third embodiment, and the outer walls of each of the condensation heat exchange tubes 401, 402, 403, and 404 are provided with ribs. Slice 410.
  • each group of heat exchange tubes 401, 402, 403, The 404 is arranged in a vertical tube arrangement, the steam inlet port 411 is disposed at the top of the header 405, and a drain hole 412 is respectively disposed at the bottom of the lower header boxes 406, 408, and the condensate in the two rows of liquid holes 412 enters the drain Tube 413, a single heat exchange tube 414 is drawn over the header box 409 at the top, and is connected to the condensate drain tube 413.
  • the entire heat exchange device is placed in a casing provided with air inlet and outlet, and the air laterally flushes the condensation heat exchange tubes 401, 402, 403, 404 of each of the finned fins 410 for heat exchange.
  • the steam enters the header 405 through the inlet port 411, and then enters the first group of condensation heat exchange tubes 401 and the header 406, the second group of condensation heat exchange tubes 402 and the header 407, and the third group of condensation heat exchange tubes 403.
  • the header 408, the fourth set of condensing heat exchange tubes 404 and the header 409 perform condensation and vapor-liquid separation.
  • each set of condensation heat exchange tubes 401, 402, 403, 404 will automatically flow into the lower headers 406, 408 under the action of gravity, and the liquid discharge holes 412 provided through the bottom of the headers 406, 408.
  • the condensate drain pipe 413 flows into the heat exchanger. After the steam is condensed by the plurality of sets of condensation heat exchange tubes 401, 402, 403, 404, 414, it is finally condensed into a liquid.
  • the liquid-separated air-cooling condensing device described in the above embodiments 3 and 4 is two basic structural forms of the present invention, namely, a vertical pipe type liquid separation and a horizontal pipe type liquid separation.
  • the horizontal tubular header has the function of automatically separating the condensate, diverting and distributing the steam;
  • the riser-type lower header function is the same as the horizontal tubular header, while the riser-type upper header has only the diversion and The function of distributing steam without the function of automatically separating condensate.
  • the embodiment is a series horizontal tubular multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooling condensing device 5 , which comprises a multi-stage horizontal horizontal liquid-type air-cooled condenser.
  • the horizontal tube type liquid-cooled condensers A and B in two stages are connected as an example, but are not limited thereto.
  • the horizontally connected liquid-type air-cooled condensers connected in series may also have the level of the third stage and the fourth stage.
  • Two sets of horizontal condensation heat transfer tubes 501 and 502 are disposed in the condenser A, and two sets of horizontal condensation heat transfer tubes 503 and 504 are disposed in the condenser B. If there are condensers C and D-, each Condenser C, D... are provided with two sets of horizontal condensation heat transfer tubes.
  • the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 501 in the condenser A is connected to a header 505, the outlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 501 is connected to an intermediate header 506; the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 503 in the condenser B is connected to the header box 506.
  • the outlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 503 is connected to another header 507; the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 504 in the lower portion of the condenser B is connected to the header tank 507, and the outlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 504 is connected to an intermediate header box 508;
  • the inlet end of the inner and lower condensation heat exchange tubes 502 is connected to the header 508, and the outlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 502 is connected to the other header 509.
  • the entire heat exchange device is placed in one or two housings provided with air inlets and outlets, and the air laterally flushes the condensation heat exchange tubes 501, 502, 503, 504 of each of the finned sheets 510 for heat. exchange.
  • the steam enters the header 505 from the inlet port 511, passes through the condensation heat exchange tube 501, the upper intermediate header 506, the condensation heat exchange tube 503, the header 507, the condensation heat exchange tube 504, the lower intermediate header 508, and the condensation heat transfer.
  • the tube 502 After the tube 502 is condensed, it reaches the header 509, at which time the vapor is completely condensed into a liquid, and the condensate flowing out of the headers 506, 507, 508, and 509 flows into the condensate drain through the respective drain holes 512, respectively. 513, discharge heat exchange device.
  • This embodiment is suitable for cooling of large power projects. It can be designed into multi-stage numbers A, B, C, D ⁇ as required.
  • the steam flow of each stage is a "]" (horizontal tube) circuit, all levels
  • the condensers are connected between the two ends of the adjacent left and right two-stage condensation heat exchange tubes through the intermediate headers provided.
  • the embodiment is a series riser type multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooling condenser 6, which comprises: a multi-stage series-connected vertical tube type liquid-cooled condenser, the structure of this embodiment
  • the form is basically the same as that of Embodiment 5, except that each of the condensing heat exchange tubes is set as a riser type structure.
  • the two-stage series-connected liquid-type air-cooled condensers A and B are taken as an example (but not limited thereto) to form a multi-stage cooling riser type liquid-discharge type air-cooled condenser.
  • the air-cooled condenser A comprises two sets of vertically disposed condensation heat exchange tubes 601, 602, and the condenser B is disposed above the condenser A, and another two sets of vertical condensation heat exchange tubes 603, 604 are disposed therein, if there is condensation C, D-, then each of the condensers C, D... is provided with two sets of vertical condensation heat exchange tubes.
  • the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 601 on the inner side of the condenser A is connected to a header 605, and the outlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 601 is connected to an intermediate header 606; the condenser B is connected to the condensation heat exchange tube 601 on the same side.
  • the inlet end of the heat pipe 603 is connected to the header 606, the outlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 603 is connected to the other header 607; the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 604 on the other side of the condenser B is connected to the header 607, and the condensation heat exchange tube 604
  • the outlet end is connected to an intermediate header 608; the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 602 of the condenser A is connected to the header 608, and the outlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 602 is connected to another header 609.
  • each set of condensation heat exchange tubes 601, 602, 603, 604 is provided with ribs 610, the steam inlet 611 of the steam is arranged at the bottom of the header 605, and a drain hole 612 is arranged at the bottom of the header boxes 608, 609, respectively.
  • the liquid hole 612 is connected to a condensate drain pipe 613.
  • the entire heat exchange device is placed in one or two housings provided with air inlets and outlets, and the air laterally flushes the condensation heat exchange tubes 601, 602, 603, 604 of each of the finned fins 610 for heat. Exchange.
  • the steam enters the header 605 from the inlet port 611, passes through the condensation heat exchange tube 601, the upper intermediate header 606, the condensation heat exchange tube 603, the header 607, the condensation heat exchange tube 604, the lower intermediate header 608, and the condensation heat transfer.
  • the tube 602 After the tube 602 is condensed, it reaches the header 609. At this time, the vapor is substantially completely condensed into a liquid, and the condensate flowing out of the headers 608 and 609 flows into the condensate drain pipe 613 through the respective drain holes 612, and is discharged.
  • Thermal device is substantially completely condensed into a liquid, and the condensate flowing out of the headers 608 and 609 flows into the condensate drain pipe 613 through the respective drain holes 6
  • This embodiment can also be applied to the cooling of large-scale power engineering, and can be designed into multiple stages A, B, C, D... according to requirements, and the steam flow of each stage is an "n" (horizontal tube) circuit.
  • the condensers of the respective stages are connected to the two ends of the adjacent upper and lower two-stage condensation heat exchange tubes through the intermediate headers provided.
  • this embodiment is a two-way parallel horizontal tubular multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooled condenser 7, two independent steam reverse flow, which includes three-stage horizontal tube type liquid-type air-cooled condensation.
  • Units A, B, and C (the number is only taken as an example, not limited to this), wherein each level of the horizontal tube type liquid-type air-cooled condenser A, B or C is similar to the condensation heat exchange tube of the embodiment 5,
  • the upper and lower sets of condensation heat exchange tubes 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706 are provided.
  • the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 701 is connected to a header 707, and the outlet end is connected to a header 708; the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 703 on the upper side of the condenser B is connected to the header 708, and the outlet end is connected to another header 709; The inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 705 on the upper side of the C is connected to the header 709, and the outlet end is connected to the other header 710.
  • the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 706 in the condenser C is connected to a header 711, and the outlet end is connected to another header 712; the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 704 in the lower part of the condenser B is connected to the header 712, and the outlet end is connected to another A header 713; the inlet end of the condensation heat exchange tube 702 in the lower portion of the condenser A is connected to the header 713, and the outlet end is connected to another header 714.
  • Ribs 715 are respectively disposed on the outer walls of each of the sets of condensation heat exchange tubes 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, and 706.
  • a steam inlet port 716, 717 is respectively disposed on the headers 707, 711, respectively at the bottom of the headers 708, 709, 710, 712, 713, 714.
  • a drain hole 718 is provided, and each drain hole 718 is connected to the condensate drain pipe 719.
  • the two steams enter through the steam inlets 716 and 717 respectively, wherein one of the upper layers passes from left to right, and the steam sequentially passes through the header 707, the condensation heat exchange tube 701, the header 708, and the condensation heat exchange tube 703.
  • the header 709 and the condensation heat exchange tube 705 enter the header 710; the headers 708, 709, 710 discharge the condensate into the drain tube 719 through the drain hole 718.
  • the steam passes through the header 711, the condensation heat exchange tube 706, the header 712, the condensation heat exchange tube 704, the header 713 and the condensation heat exchange tube 702, and enters the header 714;
  • the headers 712, 713, 714 discharge the condensate into the drain 719 through the drain holes 718.
  • the characteristic of the embodiment is that: the flow path of the two-way steam is in a reverse manner, and after the two steams are condensed by the plurality of sets of condensation heat exchange tubes, the vapor-liquid mixture is automatically separated into vapor-liquid separation in the associated header.
  • the liquid is discharged into the heat exchange device by gravity through the drain hole 718 at the bottom of each header to the drain pipe 719. After the steam is cooled by the multi-stage condensation heat exchange tube, it will eventually be completely condensed into a liquid.
  • the design of this embodiment requires that the operating parameters and loads of the two independent condensing processes connected in parallel are the same.
  • the multi-stage, parallel, horizontal tube structure of the embodiment can also be changed into multi-stage, parallel, and riser type, which is the same as the horizontal tube type liquid separation in the structural form and working principle, and the main difference is It is: From the top to the bottom of the steam flow, the uppermost header has only the diversion and distribution of steam function, no need to add a drain pipe and a gas seal device; the bottom-up steam process can not set the uppermost header, if not, Liquid drain function; In order to ensure the liquid separation effect, the upper port of the riser should extend to a certain length inside the upper header, and this is not necessary when the lower port of the riser is connected to the lower header. The lowermost header connects the condensate through the drain and discharges it.
  • Parallel and riser designs generally require the same operating parameters and loads for the two parallel condensing processes.
  • the embodiment is an integrated multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-discharging air-cooling condenser.
  • the invention has two basic structural forms: a vertical tube type liquid separation and a horizontal tube type liquid separation; in the present invention, the combination of the condensation heat exchange tubes has a series connection And two basic forms of parallel.
  • the combination of the above two basic structures and the condensation heat exchange tubes is designed to be "middle axis fan type", “folded type”, “V type”, "closed ring and The circular “equal combination” can be well adapted to different applications and spatial structure requirements.
  • the embodiment is a series horizontal tube type integrated multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooling condenser 8, which is divided into three sets of series horizontal tube type multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid separation.
  • the air-cooled condensers 801 are integrated, the headers 802 (upper and lower ones) at the junction of the three sets of condensers are common, and the common headers 802 are like a central axis, which is combined into a "central-axis sector" structure.
  • Each of the series horizontal tube type intermediate liquid-type air-cooling condensers 801 has the same structure as that of the fifth embodiment, and the operation process is also the same.
  • the condenser 802 shared by the condensers 801 is used for gas-liquid separation, liquid discharge, and gas phase. Redistribution and other processes.
  • the number of sets of the condenser can also be reduced or increased, such as two sets, four sets, five sets, and the like.
  • FIG. 12 it is a series horizontal tube type V-shaped integrated multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooling condenser 9, which is composed of two sets of series horizontal tube type multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooling condenser 901 (such as The composition of Figure 7 and Figure 8 is common to the headers 902 at the junction of the two sets of condensers.
  • Embodiment 7 (shown in FIG. 10) can be further integrated into an approximate "closed ring and circular" structure, as shown in FIG. 13, which is a two-way independent parallel horizontal tube type three or more. Multi-stage cooling intermediate liquid-type air-cooled condenser.
  • the liquid discharge port E of each of the headers is provided with a gas sealing device 10 for leaking the gas phase liquid discharging holes in the gas-liquid separation process of the header.
  • the gas sealing device 10 includes a solid top cover 11 and an annular porous core 12 disposed under the top cover 11, and the porous core 12 is fixed to the wall of the liquid discharge port E
  • the condensed water discharged from the liquid discharge port E can be oozing out through the perforations of the porous core body 12, but cannot penetrate the top cover 11, and the gas cannot pass through the porous core body 12 and the top cover 11 of the gas sealing device 10.
  • the air-cooling condenser of various structural forms of the invention is suitable for the fields of thermal equipment, power, chemical engineering, air conditioning engineering, refrigeration engineering and thermal power plant, etc., and can be referred to specific application occasions according to the principle of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de condensation et de transfert thermique ayant une fonction de division de liquide automatique, qui utilise de l'air ou un liquide refroidi, et comprend les étapes consistant à: faire passer une vapeur devant être refroidie à travers l'intérieur ou l'extérieur tour à tour d'un tube de transfert thermique et de condensation à courte distance à multiples échelons; refroidir et condenser par échelons; séparer la vapeur du liquide automatiquement entre deux échelons consécutifs; rassembler et décharger le condensat. Un échangeur (3) de chaleur de condensation et de réfrigération comprend une enveloppe comportant une entrée et une sortie de milieu de refroidissement, une entrée de vapeur (310) et une sortie de condensat (311). Ledit échangeur thermique comprend également plus d'un tube de transfert thermique et de condensation à courte distance à échelon (301, 302, 303, 304), un dispositif de séparation vapeur-liquide (305, 306, 307, 308, 309) disposé entre deux échelons consécutifs, une sortie de condensat dudit dispositif de séparation vapeur-liquide parallèle, relié à un tuyau de déchargement de condensat (313).
PCT/CN2007/002190 2007-07-18 2007-07-18 Procédé de condensation et de transfert thermique ayant une fonction de division de liquide automatique et appareil apparenté WO2009009928A1 (fr)

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EP2574742A1 (fr) * 2011-09-28 2013-04-03 Technische Universität München Dispositif et procédé de condensation de vapeur à partir de systèmes ORC
CN104132557A (zh) * 2014-07-30 2014-11-05 烟台珈群高效节能设备有限公司 中间排液式高效冷凝***
CN108154941A (zh) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-12 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 反应堆安全壳外置空冷器
CN108489124A (zh) * 2018-03-19 2018-09-04 河南理工大学 一种地热井下多回路换热方法
US20180328670A1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Cnh Industrial America Llc Staggered Core Cooler for a Vehicle
CN111849572A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-10-30 欧科能源技术(天津)有限公司 C5脱除用液态烃气化器
CN112113456A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2020-12-22 江苏龙净节能科技有限公司 一种换热器联箱结构

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EP2574742A1 (fr) * 2011-09-28 2013-04-03 Technische Universität München Dispositif et procédé de condensation de vapeur à partir de systèmes ORC
WO2013045021A3 (fr) * 2011-09-28 2014-02-06 Orcan Energy Gmbh Dispositif et procédé pour une condensation de vapeur à partir de systèmes à cycle de rankine organique (orc)
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CN103827449B (zh) * 2011-09-28 2016-03-02 奥尔灿能源有限公司 用于冷凝来自orc***的蒸汽的装置与方法
CN104132557A (zh) * 2014-07-30 2014-11-05 烟台珈群高效节能设备有限公司 中间排液式高效冷凝***
CN108154941A (zh) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-12 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 反应堆安全壳外置空冷器
US20180328670A1 (en) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Cnh Industrial America Llc Staggered Core Cooler for a Vehicle
CN108489124A (zh) * 2018-03-19 2018-09-04 河南理工大学 一种地热井下多回路换热方法
CN111849572A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-10-30 欧科能源技术(天津)有限公司 C5脱除用液态烃气化器
CN111849572B (zh) * 2020-08-06 2024-04-19 欧科能源技术(天津)有限公司 C5脱除用液态烃气化器
CN112113456A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2020-12-22 江苏龙净节能科技有限公司 一种换热器联箱结构

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