CN101032212A - Method of growing apple trees by earthing up the trees and covering black film - Google Patents

Abstract

The soil hilling and black covering apple cultivating method features its soil hilling, irrigating ditch, operating path and covering black film. The present invention has no destruction on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the fruit tree growth environment, and no pollution to soil, and is especially suitable for apple cultivation.

Description

The black film cultivation method is covered in the apple ridging

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of apple cultivation method, the black film cultivation method is covered in particularly a kind of apple ridging.

Background technology:

At present, China's apple orchard soil management method is generally taked clean tillage, chemical no-tillage system, shows that by experiment the clean tillage prolonged application is destroyed soil physics, chemical property easily, worsens the fruit tree growth environment; The chemistry no-tillage system, easily contaminated soil destroys soil physico-chemical property.

The invention task:

Purpose of the present invention is exactly will provide a kind of not destroy the apple ridging good, not contaminated soil of soil physicochemistry character, fruit tree growth environment and cover the black film cultivation method.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the black film cultivation method is covered in a kind of apple ridging, it is characterized in that having following steps to realize.

1, ridging: early spring or late fall, in conjunction with the every 666.7m of basal dressing ²Cover more than the careless 1000kg, in the ranks the native shallow 200～300mm that turns over turns over the outer mellow soil in the ranks of trunk 1000mm to trunk leveling on every side, ridging thickness 50-100mm, and width is 2000-2500mm;

2, irrigation ditch: in ridging, trimming furrow width 300-400mm, dark 100-200mm carries out with the both sides irrigation canals and ditches when pouring water, and makes water by the inside infiltrating irrigation in both sides.Establish a horizontal dam every 2～3 strains tree, change the low control of horizontal height of dam irrigation quantity;

3, operation road: stay wide 500～600mm in the ranks, the operation road of high 200-300mm.

4, overlay film: topdress before and after rudiment and pour water, be covered with black mulch film, every row tree is a width of cloth black mulch film on one side, presses a little earth on film, in case swept by wind.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:

1, owing to adopted the method for ridging, irrigation ditch, operation road, overlay film, thereby, by comparative trial, adopt this invention can postpone the apple florescence, kept away or alleviated the harm of frost, see the following form:

Different measure is to the influence of apple florescence and output

Project	Frequency of irrigation	Irrigation period	Florescence	The maximum air temperature	Freeze fruit rate (25/4)	Amount to per mu yield (kg)	Rust fruit rate (%)
								Black film is covered in ridging	3	28/3.6/4 .12/4.	18/4	More than 25 ℃	0	2560	8
Cover grass	Behind preceding 1 bud of bud 1 time	20/3. 28/3	13/4	More than 25 ℃	57％
								Clean tillage	Behind the bud 1 time	28/3	12/4	The same	56％	1820	42

2, adopt the cultivation of covering black film, find the peach fruit borer of being unearthed.500 fruits of Fuji apple of investigation no bag cultivation during fruit picking, the wormed fruit rate only is 0.4%, and contrast reaches 3.2%.500 of bag cultivating red fuji apples are arranged, and 4 of bitter pit fruits only account for 0.8%, and 62 of contrast bitter pit fruits account for 12.4%, and test contrast has descended 11.6 percentage points.This mainly is possible promote the radicula growth because black film cultivation is covered in ridging, has kept soil moisture, helps due to the absorbing of calcium.

3, cover the apple orchard of black film technology by ridging, behind 3～5a, through the soil sampling analysis. the soil organic matter improves 0.3～0.42% than clean tillage, the 0.15mg/kg of raising respectively and the 0.13mg/kg. bulk density of soil of full nitrogen and full phosphorus reduce 0.064g/cm3, field capacity increases by 3.1%,, soil aggregate has clear improvement, and soil granular is 2-3 a times of clean tillage.

4, cover the transparent plastic mulch film in the production,, play earlier weed killer herbicide when generally using because of no weeding function, capable again overlay film, otherwise, weedy under the film.And black mulch film is owing to the effect of shading, not living weeds under the film.Reduce the pollution of soil chemistry material simultaneously.

5, the water saving saving of labor economizes expense, will guarantee four water in the general apple tree MANAGEMENT YEAR, i.e. rudiment, bloom, fruit expands, Feng Dongsi water.The routine general 666.7m that pours water ²About/time water consumption 50 sides, and the general 666.7m of black film is covered in ridging ²/ time water consumption 10～12 sides, be routine pour water 1/4～1/5,666.7m ²But/year using water wisely 150 sides.Need row ploughshare hoe after routine is poured water, add interior rainfall ploughshare hoe last year, needed ploughshare to uproot average 7 times 6～8 times in general year.Use ridging and cover black film cultivation, 666.7m ²/ year can save about 7 of recruitments, each labour cost is reduced expenses 140 yuan every year by 20 yuan of calculating, and deduction ridging overlay film is with 90 yuan/666.7cm of artificial materialization expense ², 666.7m ²/ year can be reduced expenses 50 yuan.

6, improved the output and the quality of apple, black film experiment in cultivation 4 annual 666.7m are covered in ridging ²Apple production has reached 3043kg.The average 666.7m of red fuji apple wherein ²Produce fruit 3130kg, outlet high quality fruit rate reaches 42.4%, the new average 666.7m of loud, high-pitched sound apple ²Produce fruit 2898.25kg, high quality fruit rate 58.9% (outlet fruit) contrasts every 666.7m respectively ²Volume increase 961.75kg and 730kg, high quality fruit increases by 32 percentage points and 28.9 percentage points respectively.

Embodiment:

1, ridging: early spring or late fall, in conjunction with the every 666.7m of basal dressing ²Cover more than the careless 1000kg, in the ranks the native shallow 200～300mm that turns over turns over the outer mellow soil in the ranks of trunk 1000mm to trunk leveling on every side, ridging thickness 50-100mm, and width is 2000-2500mm;

2, irrigation ditch: in ridging, trimming furrow width 300-400mm, dark 100-200mm carries out with the both sides irrigation canals and ditches when pouring water, and makes water by the inside infiltrating irrigation in both sides.Establish a horizontal dam every 2～3 strains tree, change the low control of horizontal height of dam irrigation quantity;

3, operation road: stay wide 500～600mm in the ranks, the operation road of high 200-300mm.

4, overlay film: topdress before and after rudiment and pour water, be covered with black mulch film, every row tree is a width of cloth black mulch film on one side, presses a little earth on film, in case swept by wind.

Claims (4)

1, ridging: early spring or late fall, in conjunction with the every 666.7m of basal dressing ²Cover more than the careless 1000kg, in the ranks the native shallow 200～300mm that turns over turns over the outer mellow soil in the ranks of trunk 1000mm to trunk leveling on every side, ridging thickness 50-100mm, and width is 2000-2500mm;

2, irrigation ditch: in ridging, trimming furrow width 300-400mm, dark 100-200mm carries out with the both sides irrigation canals and ditches when pouring water, and makes water by the inside infiltrating irrigation in both sides.Establish a horizontal dam every 2～3 strains tree, change the low control of horizontal height of dam irrigation quantity;

3, operation road: stay wide 500～600mm in the ranks, the operation road of high 200-300mm.

4, overlay film: topdress before and after rudiment and pour water, be covered with black mulch film, every row tree is a width of cloth black mulch film on one side, presses a little earth on film, in case swept by wind.