CN103222407A

CN103222407A - Method for fruit tree planting in ridging covered with organic material

Info

Publication number: CN103222407A
Application number: CN2013101572291A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖元松; 彭福田; 王中堂; 党祝庆; 房龙; 李勇
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2013-05-02
Filing date: 2013-05-02
Publication date: 2013-07-31

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for fruit tree planting in ridging covered with organic material, the method mainly comprises the followings: laddering and ridging in rows according to designed line spacing during garden building, watering to ridging, settling ridge soil, reshaping ridging surface after water logging, and keeping the width of the ridge to be 150 cm in width and 30 cm in height; planting well prepared fruit seedling and pouring sufficient water for planting; and covering organic material with the thickness of 6 cm on a ridging surface and in a position which is 20 cm far away from a trunk, and keeping the covering all year round. In the third years after fruit tree planting, the ridging surface is expanded outward to 250 cm. When the tree body grows excessively, root systems growing to a trapezoidal ridge and a line spacing junction can be cut off. The method can effectively prevent a garden from damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, weeds are suppressed, soil physical and chemical properties are improved, sapling growth is promoted, and easy flower and early fruit are ensured. Through ridging and root cutting, the phenomenon of grown-up fruit tree growth redundancy can be effectively improved, the photosynthetic performance of the fruit trees is enhanced, the fruit trees are promoted to be in reproductive growth from vegetative growth, and the purposes of improving fruit quality and increasing the yield can be achieved.

Description

One planting fruit-trees ridging covers the cultivation method of organic materials

(1) technical field under

The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree planting technique field, specifically relate to the cultivation method that a kind of land for growing field crops fruit tree ridging covers organic materials.

(2) background technology

China has long fruit growing history, and in recent years, China's production of fruit trees has obtained development rapidly, occupies an important position in the world.China's fruit growing area and fruits output all occupy first place in the world, for China has brought huge economic benefit.The fruit tree root system is many to the demand of oxygen, relatively accommodates to plant in the draining and the good soil environment of ventilating.Heavily with too raise fruit trees on fertile soil or the waterlogged soil glutinous, occur harm such as excessive growth, ill death easily.The area bigger at some rainfalls, that subterranean water level is high, damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging become the limiting factor of peach cultivation.In China's fruit growing at present, do not adopt the ridging cultivation basically, directly be planted in the fruit tree in land for growing field crops, ponding causes blade flavescence, shedding easily, even serious consequences such as root system death, dead tree.The orchard of ridging cultivation does not especially become the fruit tree in age, and tree vigo(u)r is unbalanced, excessive growth easily, and it is prosperous to nourish and grow.This has not only caused a large amount of Growth Redundancy, consumes a large amount of nutrients, and is unfavorable for setting body photosynthesis, causes output of the fruit tree to reduce, and the fruit quality variation is unfavorable for the raising of economy of the fruit tree benefit.In addition, there are unfavorable factors such as soil layer is thin, the content of organic matter is low, nutrient is unbalanced, the preserve moisture and fertility ability is low in the most orchards of China.Pay attention to chemical fertilizer application and exist in producing, the tendency of despising organic fertilizer application causes chemical fertilizer utilization ratio low, and the orchard soil fertility descends, and has restricted the raising of output of the fruit tree and quality.The management systems of ploughing clearly that adopt in China's orchard soil management, these bad nutrient management have also caused the ecological problem of some row more.

Stalk accounts for about 50% of crop biomass, is the organic manure resource that a class quantity is extremely abundant, can directly utilize.China has 1.0 * 10 every year approximately ⁸The t stalk is burnt in vain, not only causes the waste of the energy, and has had a strong impact on people's living environment.Forestry waste in 1998 such as estimations such as bark, wood chip have 1.57 hundred million tons approximately according to statistics, about 0.37 billion cubic meter of wood-working factory's discarded object in 1999, and no matter these discarded objects are burnt, and still pile up and shelve, and are all having a strong impact on environment.Containing a large amount of organic matters and the essential nutritive element of plant growth in stalk and the discarded bark, is the high-quality fertilizer source.It being become thoroughly decomposed into compost be applied in the agricultural production, not only can improve the output of crop, improve the quality of agricultural product, can also improve the physico chemical property of soil, is a kind of good soil conditioner.Therefore,, rationally utilize these organic materials, grow significant for satisfying the fruit tree normal growth how by improving cultivation step, formulating rational soil management system.

(3) summary of the invention

In order to overcome the easy ponding in fruit tree root district in the current fruit growing, the gas permeability of soil is poor, orchard soil fertility difference and how rationally to handle organic materials and problem of environment, sum up a planting fruit-trees ridging and cover the cultivation method that organic materials combines in conjunction with experimental study, this method has not only improved the gas permeability of soil, has avoided the harm of ponding waterlogging, and root district water, fertilizer, gas, hot situation have been stablized, culture fertility promotes the growth of treelet tree root system, easily spends early bearing.Also help being controlled to the redundant phenomenon of fruit tree growth in age, promote fruit tree, reach and improve fruit quality, improve the purpose of output by the conversion of nourishing and growing to reproductive growth.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a planting fruit-trees ridging covers the cultivation method of organic materials, this method specifically:

1. when building the garden, by the line-spacing of design, dark 20cm is excavated in direct motion, and the ditch of wide 150cm will be backfilling into bottom of trench behind fertilizer of getting ready and the mellow soil mixing that digs out.

2. get garden mould filling in the ranks on the ditch again, till 30cm above ground level, form a trapezoidal ridge, keep ridge face width 150cm, about the bottom width 170cm of ridge.

3. watered in the ridge, heavy real ridge soil is treated to redress the ridge face after water oozes down, keeps ridge face width 150cm, the high 30cm in ridge.

4. preprepared fruit tree seedlings is colonizated in ridge central authorities, and waters sufficient field planting water.Every strain covering with plastic film, mulch film should be strained, and is tight with grave all around, preserves moisture with temperature raising.

5. after treating that fruit tree seedlings survives, remove mulch film, outside trunk 20cm, covering the thick organic materials of 6cm (can be materials such as bark, stalk, straw, wood chip) on the face of ridge, and keep covering throughout the year.

6. the 3rd year (this time can be according to the concrete growth characteristics of fruit tree, and the growing way speed is determined) of planting fruit tree, with the ridge towards outside extend to 250cm.Should keep the ridge face of new expansion equal with former ridge face.

7. tree body growing way is crossed when prosperous, can cut off with the root system of intersection in the ranks growing into trapezoidal ridge, by the minimizing Growth Redundancy of being completely cured.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, in fruit growing, cover the planting type of organic materials by ridging, can form stable rhizospheric environment, increase the rhizosphere soil active soil stratum, culture fertility, create good growing environment for the fruit tree root growth, satisfy the requirement of fruit tree, promote growing of treelet liquid manure gas heat condition.And can be controlled to the redundant phenomenon of fruit tree growth in age, and improve the fruit tree photosynthetic performance, promote fruit tree to improve fruit quality by the conversion raising fruit yield of nourishing and growing to reproductive growth

(4) description of drawings

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Figure is: a planting fruit-trees ridging covers the cultivation method schematic diagram of organic materials.

1. fruit trees among the figure, 2. trunk, the organic materials that 3.6cm is thick, 4. ridge height, 5. ridge face width, 6. trapezoidal ridge and intersection 7. in the ranks are in the ranks.

(5) embodiment

When building the garden, by the line-spacing of design, dark 20cm is excavated in direct motion, and the ditch of wide 150cm will be backfilling into bottom of trench behind fertilizer of getting ready and the mellow soil mixing that digs out.Get garden mould filling in the ranks on the ditch again, till 30cm above ground level, form a trapezoidal ridge, keep ridge face width (5) 150cm, about the bottom width 170cm of ridge.Watered in the ridge, heavy real ridge soil is treated to redress the ridge face after water oozes down, keeps ridge face width (5) 150cm, ridge height (4) 30cm.Preprepared fruit tree seedlings (1) is colonizated in ridge central authorities, and waters sufficient field planting water.Every strain covering with plastic film, mulch film should be strained, and is tight with grave all around, preserves moisture with temperature raising.After treating that fruit tree seedlings survives, remove mulch film, outside trunk (2) 20cm, covering the thick organic materials of 6cm (3) (can be materials such as bark, stalk, straw, wood chip) on the face of ridge, and keep covering throughout the year.The 3rd year (this time can be according to the concrete growth characteristics of fruit tree, and the growing way speed is determined) of planting fruit tree, with the ridge towards outside extend to 250cm.Should keep the ridge face of new expansion equal with former ridge face.Tree body growing way is crossed when prosperous, can cut off with the root system of (7) intersection (6) in the ranks growing into trapezoidal ridge, by the minimizing Growth Redundancy of being completely cured.Promote fruit tree to change to reproductive growth by nourishing and growing.

Present invention is described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, is not limited only to this example.

Carry out the test of ridging culture underglass in 2009-2011 in red temple village, town, the Daiyue District province village, Tai, Shandong Province and Shiquan village, Mengyin County, Shandong Province, ridging before the field planting, the high 30cm in ridge, ridge face width 150cm, covering film after the field planting, after treating that the peach seedling survives, removing mulch film, (can be bark cover the thick organic materials of 6cm on the face of ridge outside trunk 20cm, stalk, straw, organic materials such as wood chip), and keep covering throughout the year.By using this cultivation method, peach garden soil physico-chemical property and peach aspect such as grow all embodies the advantage of this method.Be in particular in: ridging covers the back 0-20cm soil layer bulk density of soil significantly to be reduced, and soil porosity significantly increases; Improved 5-7 month 5-25cm soil layer soil temperature; Increased the root system vertical distribution degree of depth; The peach growth rate is obviously accelerated, and leaf area obviously increases; The fruit soluble solid improves, and output improves 10%.

As seen, the cultivation method that the peach ridging covers organic materials can prevent effectively that damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging from taking place, and the compacting weeds are improved the soil aeration situation, improve soil temperature, form stable rhizospheric environment; Increase the root distribution, promote sapling up-growth to grow and morphogenesis, easily spend early bearing.By ridging, be completely cured, the fruit tree root system is controlled in the ridge, can guarantee the space of fruit tree root growth, can effectively improve into the redundant phenomenon of fruit tree growth in age again.Improve the fruit tree photosynthetic performance, increase the photosynthetic product sendout of portion on the ground, promote fruit tree, reach and improve fruit quality, improve the purpose of output by the conversion of nourishing and growing to reproductive growth.

Claims

1. a planting fruit-trees ridging covers the cultivation method of organic materials, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

1). when building the garden, by the line-spacing of design, dark 20cm is excavated in direct motion in the land for growing field crops, and the ditch of wide 150cm will be backfilling into bottom of trench behind fertilizer of getting ready and the mellow soil mixing that digs out;

2). get garden mould filling in the ranks on the ditch again, till 30cm above ground level, form a trapezoidal ridge, keep ridge face width 150cm, about the bottom width 170cm of ridge;

3). watered in the ridge, heavy real ridge soil is treated to redress the ridge face after water oozes down, keeps ridge face width 150cm, the high 30cm in ridge;

4). preprepared fruit tree seedlings is colonizated in ridge central authorities, and waters sufficient field planting water, every strain covering with plastic film, mulch film should be strained, and is tight with grave all around, preserves moisture with temperature raising;

5). after treating that fruit tree seedlings survives, remove mulch film, outside trunk 20cm, covering the thick organic materials of 6cm (can be organic materials such as bark, stalk, straw, wood chip) on the face of ridge, and keep covering throughout the year;

6). the 3rd year (this time can be according to the concrete growth characteristics of fruit tree, and the growing way speed is determined) of planting fruit tree, with the ridge towards outside extend to 250cm, should keep the ridge face of new expansion equal with former ridge face;

7). tree body growing way is crossed when prosperous, can cut off with the root system of intersection in the ranks growing into trapezoidal ridge, by the minimizing Growth Redundancy of being completely cured.