CN101014379B - 注射装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种注射装置(110)，其带有适于容纳具有排放嘴(118)的注射器(114)的外壳(112)，所述外壳具有指示器开口(113)。触发器(111)和前向驱动器(132)被设置成在触发器启动时作用于注射器，以便使注射器从回缩位置前进到延伸位置，由此通过排放嘴排放注射器的内容物。透光的支撑构件(122)以并置的方式与外壳接触并位于所述指示器开口和所述注射器之间，所述支撑构件包括尺寸被设置成能够容纳所述注射器的圆柱形插件，并且该圆柱形插件具有在所述圆柱形插件的远离所述外壳的近端并超出所述指示器开口的内表面上设置的用于支撑所述返回驱动器的支撑表面，由此所述返回驱动器不会阻碍通过所述指示器开口观察注射器的内容物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及这样一种类型的注射装置：其容纳注射器，使注射器延伸，排出注射器中的内容物并使注射器自动回缩。
背景技术
在WO 95/35126和EP-A-0 516 473中显示了这样一种装置，所述装置一般采用驱动弹簧和某些形式的释放机构，所述释放机构一旦推定注射器的内容物已经被排出时解除驱动弹簧的作用，以便通过复位弹簧缩回注射器。驱动弹簧的初始动作通常由触发器来控制。压下触发器使驱动弹簧开始动作。
经常会将之前已经用过的注射装置(即，已经触发过并且因而其注射器中的内容物已经排出的装置)误认为是还没有用过的。尽管该类型的注射装置可以包括联锁件来防止该装置的进一步触发，但是市场调研已经表明，提供某些形式的指示器来表示注射器的内容物已经完全排放对于注射装置是很有利的。这样，使用者能够通过视觉检查立刻确定注射装置是否已经使用过。尤其是，市场调研还表明，注射器的使用者偏向于对实际的注射器进行视觉检查，来观看其内容物是否已经排放。在采用目前的注射装置的情况下，复位弹簧通常围绕注射器，由此阻碍了对注射器的内容物的观察。另外，围绕注射器的复位弹簧的外观对于注射器的使用者来说也没有吸引力。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是提供一种注射装置，其能够在该装置的内部机械元件不会被使用者看到的情况下给出注射器的内容物是否已经排放的清楚指示。而且，力求以最简单廉价的方式达到此目的。
鉴于上述各方面，根据本发明，提供：适于容纳具有排放嘴的注射器的外壳，所述外壳具有指示器开口；前向驱动器，其在启动时作用于注射器，以使所述注射器从回缩位置前进到延伸位置，由此通过排放嘴排放注射器的内容物；返回驱动器，在注射器的内容物已经被排放之后作用于注射器，以便使注射器从延伸位置缩回到回缩位置；透光的支撑构件，其以并置方式与所述外壳接触并位于所述指示器开口和所述注射器之间，所述支撑构件包括尺寸被设置成能够容纳所述注射器的圆柱形插件，并且该圆柱形插件具有在所述圆柱形插件的远离所述外壳的近端并超出所述指示器开口的内表面上设置的用于支撑所述返回驱动器的支撑表面，由此返回驱动器不会阻碍通过指示器开口观察注射器的内容物。这样，能够通过指示器开口对注射器的内容物是否已经排放给出清楚指示。另外，使用者不会看到该装置的内部机械元件。此外，所述指示器开口提供了大的窗口，该窗口不会被阻挡，并且由此允许进行能够表明注射器的内容物是否安全而可被注射的浊度和颗粒的存在的检查。
由于该支撑构件是透光的，并且定位在指示器开口和注射器之间，这样能够观察到注射器的内部内容物。在启动之前，可通过指示器开口观察注射器的液体内容物。可用于支撑构件的透光材料可以是允许光透过(例如，透明或者不透明材料)的任何刚性材料。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，返回驱动器的第一端部与所述支撑表面以并置的方式接触，并且该返回驱动器的第二端部与注射器以并置的方式接触。在本发明的第二种实施方式中，注射器承载器的尺寸被设定成能够容纳该注射器，所述圆柱形插件的尺寸被设定成能够容纳注射器承载器，并且返回驱动器的第一端部与所述支撑表面以并置的方式接触，第二驱动器的第二端部与注射器承载器以并置的方式接触。
有利的是，所述指示器开口被定位成在注射器的内容物已经排放时可通过指示器开口观察注射器的活塞。在注射器的内容物排放后，可用容易识别的颜色上色的活塞可通过指示器开口观察，以指示该注射装置已经使用过。
优选的是，所述返回驱动器是至少围绕部分注射器的螺旋弹簧。通过用螺旋弹簧围绕注射器，可以采用足够大以具有足够弹簧常数的单根弹簧使注射器返回到其回缩位置。
有利的是，所述指示器开口包括透光的插件，该插件允许在不破坏注射器的条件下观察注射器。
附图说明
将参照附图借助例子对本发明进行描述，其中：
图1示出了可以应用本发明的类型的注射装置的透视图；
图2示出了图1的注射装置在启动前的剖视图；以及
图3示出了图1和2的注射装置在启动后的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有外壳112的注射装置110，该外壳112具有近端101和远端102。外壳112具有触发器111，该触发器111穿过外壳112伸出，并且可通过压下该触发器的上表面111a来启动该触发器。在外壳中位于近端101附近具有指示器开口113。
图2示出了容纳有传统类型的皮下注射器114的外壳112，该注射器114包括一端终止于皮下注射针118、另一端终止于凸缘120的注射器主体116。通常用于手动排放注射器114中的内容物的传统活塞和塞子被除去，并用驱动元件134替代，该驱动元件134包括塞子134a。驱动元件134将待注射药物124限制在注射器主体116。尽管所示出的注射器为皮下类型，但并非必须如此。经皮或者射皮和皮下注射器都可以和本发明的注射装置一起使用。如图所示，外壳包括返回驱动器，在此，该返回驱动器采取压缩复位弹簧126的形式，该压缩复位弹簧126将注射器114从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置，在所述延伸位置中，针118从外壳112中的窗孔128伸出，在所述回缩位置中，排放口118被容纳在外壳112中。
外壳112包括支撑构件，如图2所示，该支撑构件采取圆柱形插件122的形式。该圆柱形插件122在其内表面上具有支撑表面122a，该支撑表面122a与复位弹簧126的一端连接。复位弹簧126的另一端借助注射器承载器127作用于注射器114。如图2所示，通过圆柱形插件122的内表面上的边缘来提供支撑表面122a。支撑表面122a被定位成离开外壳112的近端101、超出指示器开口113。复位弹簧126在其远离外壳112的近端101的一端上连接支撑表面122a，其另一端在支撑表面122a之外从外壳112的近端101作用在注射器承载器127上。这样，在触发注射装置110之前、期间或之后，任何时候都不能通过指示器开113观察到围绕注射器114和注射器承载器127的复位弹簧126。圆柱形插件122在指示器开口113中形成由透光材料形成的窗口，从而可通过指示器开口113观察注射器114中的内容物。
在外壳112的另一端是前向驱动器，在此为压缩驱动弹簧130的形式。来自该驱动弹簧130的驱动经多构件驱动器被传递到注射器114，使其从其回缩位置行进到其延伸位置，并通过注射针118排出其中的内容物。驱动器通过直接作用于药物124和注射器114上完成该任务。驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的静摩擦力最初确保了它们一起行进，直到复位弹簧126降到最低点或者注射器主体116遇到阻止其运动的一些其它障碍物(未显示)。
驱动弹簧130和注射器114之间的多构件驱动器包括三个主要部件。驱动套筒113从驱动弹簧130获得驱动并将其传递到第一驱动元件132。其又将驱动借助减振液传递到第二驱动元件，该第二驱动元件134已经述及。
第一驱动元件132包括中空的杆140，其内腔形成收集室142，该收集室142与从收集室穿过杆140的末端延伸的孔144连通。第二驱动元件134包括盲膛孔146，其一端打开以容纳杆140，另一端封闭。如图所示，膛孔146和杆140限定了流体容器148，其中容纳有减振液。
在运转时，触发器111用于使驱动套筒131与外壳112脱离接合，允许其在驱动弹簧130的作用下相对于外壳112运动。装置的操作如下。
最初，驱动弹簧130使驱动套筒131运动，驱动套筒131使第一驱动元件132运动，第一驱动元件132使第二驱动元件134运动。第二驱动元件134运动并借助于通过待注射药物124作用的静摩擦力和静水压力克服复位弹簧126的作用使注射器主体116运动。复位弹簧126压缩，皮下注射针118从外壳112的出口孔128(如图3所示)显现。这一直持续到复位弹簧126降到最低点或者注射器主体116遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍物(未显示)。由于第二驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的静摩擦力和通过待注射药物124起作用的静水压力不足以抵消由驱动弹簧130产生的全部驱动力，在该点第二驱动元件134开始在注射器主体116内部运动，药物124开始被排出。但是，第二驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的动摩擦力和现在通过待注射的药物124起作用的静水压力足以将复位弹簧126保持在其压缩状态，于是皮下注射针118保持延伸。
在第二驱动元件134到达其在注射器主体116中的行程末端之前，在注射器中的内容物完全排出之前，第一驱动元件132上的突起(未显示)到达外壳112内的变窄部分137。变窄部分137使该突起向内运动，从而使第一驱动元件136不再与第二驱动元件134连接。一旦这种情况发生，第一驱动元件136不再作用于第二驱动元件134上，从而允许第一驱动元件132相对于第二驱动元件134运动。
由于减振液容纳于在第一驱动元件132的末端和第二驱动元件134中的盲膛孔146之间限定的容器148中，当第一驱动元件132受到驱动弹簧130的作用时第一驱动元件132相对于第二驱动元件134运动，容器146的容积将减小。当容器148收缩时，减振液被迫通过孔144进入收集室142中。在驱动弹簧130释放后，由驱动弹簧130施加的一部分力作用于减振液，导致其流进由孔144形成的变窄部分；剩余的力通过流体静水压力和通过第一和第二驱动元件132、134之间的摩擦力起作用，并由此经第二驱动元件134起作用。与减振液流动有关的损耗不使作用在注射器主体上的力在很大程度上衰减。因此，复位弹簧126保持被压缩，皮下注射针保持延伸。
一段时间之后，第二驱动元件134在注射器主体116中完成其行程并不再前进。在这一点，注射器114的内容物完全排出，由驱动弹簧130施加的力用于将第二驱动元件134保持在其终止位置并持续引起减振液流经孔144，允许第一驱动元件132继续其运动。
在容器148中的流体耗尽之前，不再迫使连接驱动套筒131与第一驱动元件132的柔性闩锁臂133通过第二驱动元件134上的突起133a与驱动套筒131接合。一旦这种情况发生，驱动套筒131就不再作用于第一驱动元件132上，允许它们彼此相对运动。当然，此刻，注射器114被释放，这是因为驱动弹簧130产生的力不再被传递到注射器114，作用在注射器上的力仅仅是来自复位弹簧126的回复力。因此，注射器114现在返回到其回缩位置，注射循环完成。
当然，所有这些仅仅当盖115被从外壳112的末端除去时才发生。如图2所示，注射器114的末端由保护罩123密封。
图3示出了在注射循环的启动完成之后的注射装置110。第二驱动元件134位于注射器主体116内，从而可以通过指示器开口113观察到该第二驱动元件。通过位于第二驱动元件134上的叉形凸耳210，即使是在驱动套筒131已经与多构件驱动器脱离接合时也可将第二驱动元件134保持在注射器主体116内。已经迫使叉形凸耳210穿过变窄部分137，因而它们防止驱动元件134的向后运动(即，沿着从近端101到远端102的方向运动)。由此使驱动元件134在注射器116中保持就位，从而能够通过指示器开口113观察它。在药物124排放之后第二驱动元件134在注射器主体116中的存在用作操作该装置110的使用者的指示器。
当然，可以理解，上面仅仅通过例子对本发明进行说明，可以在本发明的范围内进行细节的修改。
Claims (6)
1.一种注射装置，包括：
外壳，能够容纳具有排放嘴的注射器，所述外壳具有指示器开口；
前向驱动器，其在启动时作用于注射器，以便使注射器从回缩位置前进到延伸位置，由此通过排放嘴排放注射器的内容物；
返回驱动器，其在注射器已经排放其内容物之后作用于注射器，以使注射器从延伸位置缩回到回缩位置，
透光的支撑构件，其以并置方式与所述外壳接触并位于所述指示器开口和所述注射器之间，所述支撑构件包括尺寸被设置成能够容纳所述注射器的圆柱形插件，并且该圆柱形插件具有在所述圆柱形插件的远离所述外壳的近端并超出所述指示器开口的内表面上设置的用于支撑所述返回驱动器的支撑表面，由此所述返回驱动器不会阻碍通过所述指示器开口观察注射器的内容物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，所述返回驱动器的第一端部以并置的方式与所述支撑表面接触，并且所述返回驱动器的第二端部以并置的方式与注射器接触。
3.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，还包括尺寸被设置成能够容纳所述注射器的注射器承载器，其中所述圆柱形插件的尺寸被设置成能够容纳所述注射器承载器，并且所述返回驱动器的第一端部以并置的方式与所述支撑表面接触，所述返回驱动器的第二端部以并置的方式与注射器承载器接触。
4.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，所述指示器开口被定位成在注射器的内容物已经排放时通过指示器开口观察注射器的活塞。
5.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，所述返回驱动器是至少围绕部分注射器的螺旋弹簧。
6.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，所述指示器开口包括透光的窗口。
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| PCT/GB2005/002120 WO2005115509A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-27 | Injection device |
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- 2005-05-27 KR KR1020067027629A patent/KR101195781B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-05-27 MX MXPA06013897A patent/MXPA06013897A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-05-27 BR BRPI0511650A patent/BRPI0511650B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2005-05-27 AT AT05746490T patent/ATE531409T1/de active
- 2005-05-27 DK DK05746490.1T patent/DK1753490T3/da active
- 2005-05-27 AU AU2005247148A patent/AU2005247148B2/en active Active
- 2005-05-27 EA EA200602239A patent/EA010514B1/ru unknown
- 2005-05-27 JP JP2007514112A patent/JP4782110B2/ja active Active
- 2005-05-27 CN CN2005800232756A patent/CN101014379B/zh active Active
- 2005-05-27 WO PCT/GB2005/002120 patent/WO2005115509A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-05-27 EP EP05746490A patent/EP1753490B1/en active Active
- 2005-05-27 NZ NZ552326A patent/NZ552326A/en unknown
- 2005-05-27 CA CA2568277A patent/CA2568277C/en active Active
- 2005-05-27 PT PT05746490T patent/PT1753490E/pt unknown
- 2005-05-27 PL PL05746490T patent/PL1753490T3/pl unknown
- 2005-05-27 US US11/579,563 patent/US9675758B2/en active Active
- 2005-05-27 ES ES05746490T patent/ES2373559T3/es active Active
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