CA1337292C - Method of and compositions for reducing wear on surfaces subjected to frictional forces - Google Patents

Method of and compositions for reducing wear on surfaces subjected to frictional forces

Info

Publication number
CA1337292C
CA1337292C CA000599824A CA599824A CA1337292C CA 1337292 C CA1337292 C CA 1337292C CA 000599824 A CA000599824 A CA 000599824A CA 599824 A CA599824 A CA 599824A CA 1337292 C CA1337292 C CA 1337292C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
heteropolar
compound
carrier
composition
molecule
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CA000599824A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josef Fodor
Jack Schofield
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BTG International Ltd
Original Assignee
British Technology Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Technology Group Ltd filed Critical British Technology Group Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1337292C publication Critical patent/CA1337292C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/40—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M107/44—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M133/40—Six-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C10M2215/226—Morpholines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/0403—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/041—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds involving a condensation reaction
    • C10M2217/0415—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds involving a condensation reaction used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/042—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone
    • C10M2217/0425—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
    • C10M2217/0435—Mannich bases used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/044—Polyamides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/044—Polyamides
    • C10M2217/0443—Polyamides used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • C10M2217/0453—Polyureas; Polyurethanes used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
    • C10M2217/0465—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
CA000599824A 1988-05-18 1989-05-16 Method of and compositions for reducing wear on surfaces subjected to frictional forces Expired - Fee Related CA1337292C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8811696.7 1988-05-18
GB888811696A GB8811696D0 (en) 1988-05-18 1988-05-18 Method of reducing friction & wear between bodies in relative motion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1337292C true CA1337292C (en) 1995-10-10

Family

ID=10637071

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000599824A Expired - Fee Related CA1337292C (en) 1988-05-18 1989-05-16 Method of and compositions for reducing wear on surfaces subjected to frictional forces

Country Status (16)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0420868B1 (no)
JP (1) JPH03504252A (no)
KR (1) KR900701977A (no)
AU (1) AU622912B2 (no)
CA (1) CA1337292C (no)
DE (1) DE68909236T2 (no)
DK (1) DK274090D0 (no)
ES (1) ES2017252A6 (no)
FI (1) FI905592A0 (no)
GB (1) GB8811696D0 (no)
HU (1) HU209491B (no)
IE (1) IE61949B1 (no)
NO (1) NO302300B1 (no)
NZ (1) NZ229188A (no)
WO (1) WO1989011518A2 (no)
ZA (1) ZA893729B (no)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2416172B (en) * 2004-07-13 2009-04-22 Alan Edwin Jemmett Rapeseed oil lubricant
HU228573B1 (hu) * 2010-04-12 2013-04-29 Jozsef Dr Fodor Növényi olajok kopást csökkentõ kenéstechnológiai alkalmazása

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2030033A (en) 1933-06-10 1936-02-04 Standard Oil Co Treatment of cracked petroleum distillates
US3078228A (en) * 1959-11-06 1963-02-19 Houghton & Co E F Imide compounds and lubricants containing the same
NL6704601A (no) * 1966-04-06 1967-10-09
GB1209919A (en) * 1967-07-21 1970-10-21 Geigy Uk Ltd Substituted benzotriazoles and the use thereof as metal deactivators
US3779920A (en) * 1971-02-05 1973-12-18 Atlantic Richfield Co Lubricating oil composition
FR2249879A1 (en) * 1973-11-06 1975-05-30 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale 2,3-Dialkoxy-quinoxalines - for use as thermally stable lubricant base oils
US4075111A (en) * 1976-04-19 1978-02-21 Hughes Aircraft Company Heavy metal chalcogenide-polyimide lubricative composites
SU939527A1 (ru) 1980-05-22 1982-06-30 Особое Конструкторско-Технологическое Бюро Специального Материаловедения При Новочеркасском Политехническом Институте Металлоплакирующа смазка
US4392968A (en) * 1980-08-13 1983-07-12 Nippon Oil Company, Limited Metal deactivator and composition containing same
US4295861A (en) * 1980-10-24 1981-10-20 Phillips Petroleum Company Motor fuel
US4367152A (en) 1981-07-02 1983-01-04 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Selected heteroaromatic nitrogen compounds as antioxidant/metal deactivators/electrical insulators in lubricating oils and petroleum liquid fuels
JPS58225196A (ja) * 1982-06-24 1983-12-27 Nippon Mining Co Ltd デイ−ゼルエンジン用潤滑油
DE3232921A1 (de) * 1982-09-04 1984-03-08 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Inhibitoren gegen die korrosion von co(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts) und h(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)s in wasser-in-oel-emulsionen
JPS60229994A (ja) * 1984-04-27 1985-11-15 エクソン・リサ−チ・アンド・エンジニアリング・カンパニ− ジアルキル芳香族及び水素化されたジアルキル芳香族の合成潤滑油及び特殊油
US4784782A (en) * 1986-03-27 1988-11-15 The Lubrizol Corporation Heterocyclic compounds useful as additives for lubricant and fuel compositions
EP0243026A3 (en) * 1986-04-14 1989-08-02 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Functional fluid or lubricant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3697789A (en) 1989-12-12
NO904941D0 (no) 1990-11-14
NO302300B1 (no) 1998-02-16
IE891588L (en) 1989-11-18
HU209491B (en) 1994-06-28
HUT56389A (en) 1991-08-28
NZ229188A (en) 1991-04-26
HU893619D0 (en) 1991-05-28
IE61949B1 (en) 1994-11-30
AU622912B2 (en) 1992-04-30
ES2017252A6 (es) 1991-01-16
GB8811696D0 (en) 1988-06-22
DK274090A (da) 1990-11-16
WO1989011518A3 (en) 1990-02-08
EP0420868A1 (en) 1991-04-10
DE68909236T2 (de) 1994-03-17
WO1989011518A2 (en) 1989-11-30
EP0420868B1 (en) 1993-09-15
DK274090D0 (da) 1990-11-16
NO904941L (no) 1990-11-14
ZA893729B (en) 1991-01-30
KR900701977A (ko) 1990-12-05
DE68909236D1 (de) 1993-10-21
JPH03504252A (ja) 1991-09-19
FI905592A0 (fi) 1990-11-12

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