WO2024103346A1

WO2024103346A1 - Early-warning method and apparatus for battery, and terminal device and storage medium

Info

Publication number: WO2024103346A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/132613
Authority: WO
Inventors: 吴凯; 徐凌澜; 张婷婷
Original assignee: 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date: 2022-11-17
Filing date: 2022-11-17
Publication date: 2024-05-23

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are an early-warning method and apparatus for a battery, and a terminal device and a storage medium. The method comprises: acquiring a first performance parameter corresponding to a first charging process of a battery; acquiring a second performance parameter corresponding to a first intermediate process of the battery; and according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter, determining the degree of a lithium precipitation risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery. That is, in the present application, according to a first performance parameter corresponding to a first charging process and a second performance parameter corresponding to a first intermediate process, the degree of a lithium precipitation risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of a battery can be determined, thereby improving the accuracy of the determination of a lithium precipitation risk of the battery.

Description

用于电池的预警方法、装置、终端设备和存储介质Early warning method, device, terminal equipment and storage medium for battery

技术领域Technical Field

本申请属于电池技术领域，更具体地说，是涉及一种用于电池的预警方法、装置、终端设备和存储介质。The present application belongs to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, relates to an early warning method, device, terminal equipment and storage medium for batteries.

背景技术Background technique

近年来，锂离子电池由于能量密度高、循环寿命长等优点，在电动汽车中得到了广泛的应用。然而，在电池循环过程中，电池内部发生的一些不良反应会严重影响电池的循环寿命及安全性能。其中，负极析锂反应是引起电池老化最重要的因素之一。In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in electric vehicles due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, during the battery cycle, some adverse reactions inside the battery will seriously affect the battery's cycle life and safety performance. Among them, the negative electrode lithium plating reaction is one of the most important factors causing battery aging.

现有的电池的预警方法，不能准确的判定电池的析锂风险。Existing battery early warning methods cannot accurately determine the risk of lithium plating in batteries.

技术问题technical problem

本申请实施例的目的之一在于：提供一种用于电池的预警方法、装置、终端设备和存储介质，可以提高判定电池析锂风险的准确率。One of the purposes of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an early warning method, apparatus, terminal device and storage medium for a battery, which can improve the accuracy of determining the risk of lithium plating in a battery.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本申请实施例采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application is:

第一方面，提供了一种用于电池的预警方法，包括：In a first aspect, a battery early warning method is provided, comprising:

获取电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数；Obtaining a first performance parameter corresponding to a first charging process of the battery;

获取所述电池第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数，所述第一次中间过程为所述第一次充电过程与第二次充电过程之间的过程；Acquire a second performance parameter corresponding to a first intermediate process of the battery, where the first intermediate process is a process between the first charging process and the second charging process;

根据所述第一性能参数和所述第二性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过获取电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数；获取电池第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数；根据第一性能参数和第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。即本申请可以根据第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数和第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，提高判定电池析锂风险的准确率。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the first performance parameter corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is obtained; the second performance parameter corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is obtained; and the risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter. That is, the present application can determine the risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter corresponding to the first charging process and the second performance parameter corresponding to the first intermediate process, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the risk of lithium deposition of the battery.

在一个实施例中，所述根据所述第一性能参数和所述第二性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，包括：In one embodiment, determining the lithium plating risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter includes:

根据所述第一性能参数，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量；Determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter;

根据第一性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例；Determining a lithium reinsertion ratio corresponding to a first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter;

根据所述析锂量和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The lithium deposition risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the lithium deposition amount and the lithium reinsertion ratio.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，根据第一性能参数，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量；根据第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例；根据析锂量和锂回嵌比例，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，即本申请实施例可以根据析锂量和锂回嵌比例，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，提高判定电池析锂风险的准确率。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the first performance parameter; the lithium re-intercalation ratio corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the second performance parameter; the degree of lithium deposition risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the amount of lithium deposition and the lithium re-intercalation ratio, that is, the embodiment of the present application can determine the degree of lithium deposition risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition and the lithium re-intercalation ratio, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the lithium deposition risk of the battery.

在一个实施例中，所述根据所述第一性能参数，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，包括：In one embodiment, determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter includes:

根据所述第一性能参数得到阳极电位；Obtaining an anode potential according to the first performance parameter;

根据所述第一性能参数确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的临界析锂电位；Determine the critical lithium deposition potential corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter;

根据所述阳极电位和所述临界析锂电位，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential.

本申请的技术方案中，通过第一性能参数，得到阳极电位；根据第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的临界析锂电位；根据阳极电位和临界析锂电位，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，可以快速、实时、准确的确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，提高判定电池析锂风险的准确率。In the technical solution of the present application, the anode potential is obtained through the first performance parameter; the critical lithium deposition potential corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the first performance parameter; the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential. The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery can be determined quickly, in real time and accurately, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the risk of lithium deposition of the battery.

在一个实施例中，所述根据所述阳极电位和所述临界析锂电位，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，包括：In one embodiment, determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential includes:

根据所述阳极电位和所述临界析锂电位，确定阳极的极化电位；Determining the polarization potential of the anode according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential;

基于所述极化电位，确定极化电流；Based on the polarization potential, determining a polarization current;

根据所述极化电流，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the polarization current.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，根据阳极电位和预设的临界析锂电位，确定阳极的极化电位，基于极化电位，确定极化电流，可以提高确定极化电流的准确性，根据极化电流，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，可以提高确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量的准确性，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the polarization potential of the anode is determined according to the anode potential and the preset critical lithium deposition potential, and the polarization current is determined based on the polarization potential, which can improve the accuracy of determining the polarization current, and the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the polarization current, which can improve the accuracy of determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, and improve the accuracy of determining the risk degree of lithium deposition.

在一个实施例中，所述根据所述极化电流，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，包括：In one embodiment, determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the polarization current includes:

在所述极化电流中，确定所述极化电位小于零时的极化电流；In the polarization current, determining the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero;

根据所述极化电位小于零时的极化电流和所述极化电位小于零时的极化电流对应的充电时长，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero and the charging time corresponding to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，在极化电流中，确定极化电位小于零时的极化电流，可以提高确定极化电流的准确性，根据极化电位小于零时的极化电流和极化电位小于零时的极化电流对应的充电时长，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，可以在确定析锂量时考虑充电时长且提高确定析锂量的准确性，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, in the polarization current, the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero is determined, which can improve the accuracy of determining the polarization current. According to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero and the charging time corresponding to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero, the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined. The charging time can be considered when determining the amount of lithium deposition and the accuracy of determining the amount of lithium deposition can be improved, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the risk degree of lithium deposition.

在一个实施例中，所述根据所述第一性能参数，得到阳极电位，包括：In one embodiment, obtaining the anode potential according to the first performance parameter includes:

将所述第一性能参数输入阳极电位模型，得到阳极电位。The first performance parameter is input into the anode potential model to obtain the anode potential.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，将第一性能参数输入阳极电位模型，得到阳极电位，提升了确定阳极电位的准确率，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the first performance parameter is input into the anode potential model to obtain the anode potential, which improves the accuracy of determining the anode potential and improves the accuracy of determining the risk degree of lithium plating.

在一个实施例中，所述阳极电位模型包括电化学模型和神经网络模型，所述将所述第一性能参数输入阳极电位模型，得到阳极电位，包括：In one embodiment, the anode potential model includes an electrochemical model and a neural network model, and inputting the first performance parameter into the anode potential model to obtain the anode potential includes:

将所述第一性能参数输入所述电化学模型和所述神经网络模型中进行预测，得到所述第一性能参数对应的阳极电位。The first performance parameter is input into the electrochemical model and the neural network model for prediction to obtain the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，可以将第一性能参数输入电化学模型和神经网络模型中进行预测，得到第一性能参数对应的阳极电位，在全范围、全覆盖的输出所有第一性能参数对应的阳极电位的同时，实时输出阳极电位，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率和及时性。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the first performance parameter can be input into the electrochemical model and the neural network model for prediction to obtain the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter. While outputting the anode potentials corresponding to all the first performance parameters in a full range and with full coverage, the anode potential can be output in real time, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of determining the risk level of lithium plating.

在一个实施例中，所述根据所述析锂量和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，包括：In one embodiment, determining the lithium deposition risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the lithium deposition amount and the lithium reinsertion ratio includes:

基于所述第一性能参数确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量；Determine the amount of irreversible lithium in the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter;

根据所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量、所述不可逆锂和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量；Determine the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, the irreversible lithium and the lithium reinsertion ratio;

根据所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，基于第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程时对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量，根据电池在第一次充电过程时的析锂量、不可逆锂和锂回嵌比例，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量，可以提升确定析锂量的准确率，根据电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the amount of irreversible lithium in the lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined based on the first performance parameter, and the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the amount of lithium deposition, irreversible lithium and lithium reinsertion ratio of the battery during the first charging process. The accuracy of determining the amount of lithium deposition can be improved, and the degree of lithium deposition risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the degree of lithium deposition risk.

基于所述第一性能参数确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量，并确定所述电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量；Determine the amount of irreversible lithium in the amount of lithium precipitation corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter, and determine the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery;

根据所述电池总的充电过程对应的析锂量、所述电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量；Determining the cumulative amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, and the lithium reinsertion ratio;

根据所述电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the accumulated lithium deposition amount corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery.

本申请实施例的技术方案，基于第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量，并确定电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量；根据电池总的充电过程对应的析锂量、电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量和锂回嵌比例，确定电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量；在确定第一次中间过程对应的析锂量时考虑了累积的析锂量，提升确定析锂量的准确率，根据电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率。The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application determines the amount of irreversible lithium in the lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter, and determines the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery; determines the cumulative amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, and the lithium reinsertion ratio; takes the cumulative amount of lithium deposition into consideration when determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the amount of lithium deposition, determines the degree of lithium deposition risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the cumulative amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery, and improves the accuracy of determining the degree of lithium deposition risk.

在一个实施例中，在所述根据所述第一性能参数和所述第二性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度之后，包括：In one embodiment, after determining the lithium plating risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter, the method includes:

根据所述析锂风险程度生成预警信息。Generate early warning information based on the risk level of lithium plating.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，根据析锂风险程度生成预警信息，由于提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率，所以提升预警的准确度。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, early warning information is generated according to the risk level of lithium plating. Since the accuracy of determining the risk level of lithium plating is improved, the accuracy of the early warning is improved.

在一个实施例中，所述根据所述析锂风险程度生成预警信息，包括：In one embodiment, generating early warning information according to the risk level of lithium plating includes:

若所述析锂风险程度大于预设阈值，则生成预警信息。If the lithium plating risk level is greater than a preset threshold, a warning message is generated.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，若析锂风险程度大于预设阈值，则生成预警信息，由于提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率，所以提升预警的准确度。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, if the risk level of lithium plating is greater than a preset threshold, a warning message is generated. Since the accuracy of determining the risk level of lithium plating is improved, the accuracy of the warning is improved.

第二方面，提供了一种阳极电位模型的训练方法，应用于第一方面的预警方法中，包括：In a second aspect, a training method for an anode potential model is provided, which is applied to the early warning method in the first aspect, and includes:

获取电池的属性数据和测量数据，并根据所述属性数据和测量数据构建电化学模型，所述测量数据包括第一性能参数和所述第一性能参数对应的阳极电位；Acquire property data and measurement data of the battery, and construct an electrochemical model according to the property data and the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes a first performance parameter and an anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter;

基于所述电化学模型进行充放电仿真，得到所述电池的仿真数据，并调节所述电化学模型的模型参数；Performing charge and discharge simulation based on the electrochemical model to obtain simulation data of the battery, and adjusting model parameters of the electrochemical model;

将所述仿真数据作为训练样本，输入神经网络模型，根据所述神经网络模型的输出结果调节神经网络模型的网络参数；Using the simulation data as training samples, inputting them into a neural network model, and adjusting the network parameters of the neural network model according to the output results of the neural network model;

将经过模型参数调节的所述电化学模型和经过网络参数调节的神经网络模型确定为所述阳极电位模型。The electrochemical model adjusted by model parameters and the neural network model adjusted by network parameters are determined as the anode potential model.

本申请实施例提供的训练方法对阳极电位模型进行训练时，可以使电化学模型更及时的输出仿真数据以及使神经网络模型更准确的预测出阳极电位，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率和及时性。When the training method provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to train the anode potential model, the electrochemical model can output simulation data more timely and the neural network model can predict the anode potential more accurately, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of determining the risk level of lithium plating.

第三方面，提供了一种用于电池的预警装置，包括：In a third aspect, an early warning device for a battery is provided, comprising:

第一获取模块，用于获取电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数；A first acquisition module, used to acquire a first performance parameter corresponding to a first charging process of the battery;

第二获取模块，用于获取所述电池第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数，所述第一次中间过程为所述第一次充电过程与第二次充电过程之间的过程；A second acquisition module, used to acquire a second performance parameter corresponding to a first intermediate process of the battery, wherein the first intermediate process is a process between the first charging process and the second charging process;

第一确定模块，用于根据所述第一性能参数和所述第二性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The first determination module is used to determine the lithium plating risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter.

第四方面，提供了一种阳极电位模型的训练装置，应用于第一方面的预警方法中，包括：In a fourth aspect, a training device for an anode potential model is provided, which is applied to the early warning method in the first aspect, and includes:

第三获取模块，用于获取电池的属性数据和测量数据，并根据所述属性数据和测量数据构建电化学模型，所述测量数据包括第一性能参数和所述第一性能参数对应的阳极电位；a third acquisition module, configured to acquire property data and measurement data of the battery, and construct an electrochemical model according to the property data and the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes a first performance parameter and an anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter;

仿真模块，用于基于所述电化学模型进行充放电仿真，得到所述电池的仿真数据，并调节所述电化学模型的模型参数；A simulation module, used to perform charge and discharge simulation based on the electrochemical model, obtain simulation data of the battery, and adjust model parameters of the electrochemical model;

调节模块，用于将所述仿真数据作为训练样本，输入神经网络模型，根据所述神经网络模型的输出结果调节神经网络模型的网络参数；An adjustment module, used to input the simulation data as training samples into a neural network model, and adjust network parameters of the neural network model according to output results of the neural network model;

第二确定模块，用于将经过模型参数调节的所述电化学模型和经过网络参数调节的神经网络模型确定为所述阳极电位模型。The second determination module is used to determine the electrochemical model adjusted by model parameters and the neural network model adjusted by network parameters as the anode potential model.

第五方面，提供了一种终端设备，包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如第一方面任一项所述的用于电池的预警方法，或如第二方面所述的阳极电位模型的训练方法。In a fifth aspect, a terminal device is provided, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the early warning method for a battery as described in any one of the first aspect, or the training method for an anode potential model as described in the second aspect is implemented.

第六方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如第一方面任一项所述的用于电池的预警方法，或如第二方面所述的阳极电位模型的训练方法。In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the early warning method for a battery as described in any one of the first aspect, or the training method for an anode potential model as described in the second aspect is implemented.

可以理解的是，上述第二方面至第六方面的有益效果可以参见上述第一方面中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。It can be understood that the beneficial effects of the second to sixth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant description of the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or exemplary technical descriptions will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

图1为本申请实施例提供的一种用于电池的预警方法的应用场景示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an early warning method for a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图2是本申请实施例提供的一种用于电池的预警方法的示意性流程图；FIG2 is a schematic flow chart of an early warning method for a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图3是本申请实施例提供的一种S203的具体方法的示意性流程图；FIG3 is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S203 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图4是本申请实施例提供的一种S301的具体方法的示意性流程图；FIG4 is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S301 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图5是本申请实施例提供的一种S403的具体方法的示意性流程图；FIG5 is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S403 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图6是本申请实施例提供的一种S503的具体方法的示意性流程图；FIG6 is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S503 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图7是本申请实施例提供的一种S303的具体方法的示意性流程图；FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S303 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种S303的具体方法的示意性流程图；FIG8 is a schematic flow chart of another specific method of S303 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图9是本申请实施例提供的一种阳极电位模型的训练方法的示意性流程图；FIG9 is a schematic flow chart of a method for training an anode potential model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图10是本申请实施例提供的一种用于电池的预警装置的结构示意图；FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of an early warning device for a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图11是本申请一实施例提供的一种阳极电位模型的训练装置的结构示意图；FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode potential model training device provided in one embodiment of the present application;

图12是本申请一实施例提供的终端设备的结构示意图。FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention

为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以以任何合适的方式与其它实施例相结合。Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments in any suitable manner.

在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and/or" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。“若干”的含义是一个或一个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two), and similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces). "Several" means one or more than one, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

负极析锂反应发生在电池的充电过程中，指的是来自电池的正极的锂离子在负极表面被还原成锂金属，并沉积在负极表面。The negative electrode lithium plating reaction occurs during the charging process of the battery, which means that the lithium ions from the positive electrode of the battery are reduced to lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode and deposited on the surface of the negative electrode.

在对电池进行充电时，若遇上不合理的充电策略/充电桩异常大电流情况，导致充电电流大幅超出电池合理能力窗口，会造成电池阳极电位低于临界析锂电位，发生析锂，部分锂枝晶会与电极形成电隔离，在放电过程这部分锂将不会再转化为锂离子迁回正极，即析锂中的不可逆锂，不可逆锂会影响电芯性能。When charging the battery, if an unreasonable charging strategy/abnormally high current is encountered at the charging station, causing the charging current to significantly exceed the battery's reasonable capacity window, the battery anode potential will be lower than the critical lithium deposition potential, and lithium deposition will occur. Some lithium dendrites will be electrically isolated from the electrode. During the discharge process, this part of lithium will no longer be converted into lithium ions and move back to the positive electrode, that is, the irreversible lithium in the lithium deposition, and the irreversible lithium will affect the performance of the battery cell.

现有的电池的预警方法，会对电池充电时的析锂风险进行判断，但是不能准确的判定析锂风险，进而使电池预警出现偏差。The existing battery early warning method can judge the risk of lithium plating when the battery is charging, but it cannot accurately determine the risk of lithium plating, which leads to deviations in battery early warning.

基于上述考虑，为了解决在判定析锂风险时不能准确的判定析锂风险的问题，本申请实施例提供了一种用于电池的预警方法，根据电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数和电池第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，提高判定电池析锂风险的准确率，由于提高了判定电池析锂风险的准确率，所以提升了电池预警的准确度。Based on the above considerations, in order to solve the problem that the risk of lithium deposition cannot be accurately determined when determining the risk of lithium deposition, an embodiment of the present application provides an early warning method for a battery, which determines the degree of lithium deposition risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to a first performance parameter corresponding to the first charging process of the battery and a second performance parameter corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the risk of lithium deposition of the battery. Since the accuracy of determining the risk of lithium deposition of the battery is improved, the accuracy of battery early warning is improved.

为了说明本申请所提供的技术方案，以下结合具体附图及实施例进行详细说明。In order to illustrate the technical solution provided by the present application, a detailed description is given below in conjunction with specific drawings and embodiments.

本申请实施例公开的用于电池的预警方法可用于对各种用电设备的电池进行预警。用电设备可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。The battery warning method disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used to warn the batteries of various electrical devices. The electrical devices can be, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc.

为了方便说明，本申请实施例以应用于车辆为例进行说明。For the convenience of explanation, the embodiments of the present application are described by taking application to a vehicle as an example.

请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的一种用于电池的预警方法的应用场景示意图。为了方便说明，仅示出与本申请相关的部分。车辆10可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆10的内部设置有电池101，电池101可以设置在车辆10的底部或头部或尾部。电池101可以用于车辆10的供电，例如，电池101可以作为车辆10的操作电源。Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an early warning method for a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application. For the convenience of explanation, only the parts related to the present application are shown. The vehicle 10 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc. A battery 101 is provided inside the vehicle 10, and the battery 101 can be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 10. The battery 101 can be used to power the vehicle 10. For example, the battery 101 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 10.

车辆10还可以包括控制器102和马达103，控制器102用来控制电池101为马达103供电，例如，用于车辆10的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。The vehicle 10 may further include a controller 102 and a motor 103 . The controller 102 is used to control the battery 101 to supply power to the motor 103 , for example, to meet the power requirements of starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle 10 .

本申请实施例中，控制器102为电池管理***(Battery Management System，BMS)，BMS用于监控电池的运行状态，保障电池安全可靠运行。用于实时监控、采集电池的状态数据(包括但不限于电池温度、电池荷电状态(State Of Charge，SOC)、电池的健康状态(State of Health，SOH)、电池的充放电循环次数、充放电倍率、充放电时长、静置时长、电池电压、电池回路电流、电池组端电压、电池***绝缘电阻等)，并对相关状态参数进行必要的分析计算，得到更多的***状态评估参数，并根据特定保护控制策略实现对电池本体的有效管控，保证整个电池的安全可靠运行。In the embodiment of the present application, the controller 102 is a battery management system (BMS), which is used to monitor the operating status of the battery and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the battery. It is used to monitor and collect battery status data in real time (including but not limited to battery temperature, battery state of charge (SOC), battery health (SOH), battery charge and discharge cycle times, charge and discharge rate, charge and discharge time, static time, battery voltage, battery loop current, battery pack terminal voltage, battery system insulation resistance, etc.), and perform necessary analysis and calculation on relevant status parameters to obtain more system status evaluation parameters, and realize effective control of the battery body according to specific protection control strategies to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the entire battery.

本申请实施例中，终端设备12包括但不限于，服务器和服务器集群。终端设备12通过无线连接方式与控制器102连接，用于获取BMS采集的电池的状态参数。无线连接方式包括但不限于，WiFi、蓝牙等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。In the embodiment of the present application, the terminal device 12 includes but is not limited to a server and a server cluster. The terminal device 12 is connected to the controller 102 via a wireless connection to obtain the battery status parameters collected by the BMS. The wireless connection method includes but is not limited to WiFi, Bluetooth, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

本申请实施例中，终端设备12可称为大数据过程后台，用于获取电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数；获取电池第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数；根据第一性能参数和第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。In the embodiment of the present application, the terminal device 12 can be called the big data process background, which is used to obtain the first performance parameter corresponding to the first charging process of the battery; obtain the second performance parameter corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery; and determine the lithium plating risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery based on the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter.

在其他实施例中，可以包括比图1所示示例更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件。图1仅为示例性描述，不能解释为对本申请的具体限制。例如：还可以包括传感器、电子助力转向***等。In other embodiments, more or fewer components than those shown in the example of FIG. 1 may be included, or some components may be combined, or different components may be included. FIG. 1 is only an exemplary description and cannot be interpreted as a specific limitation of the present application. For example, sensors, electronic power steering systems, etc. may also be included.

请参考图2，图2是本申请实施例提供的一种用于电池的预警方法的示意性流程图。图2中的方法的执行主体可以为终端设备。如图2所示，该方法包括：S201至S203。Please refer to Figure 2, which is a schematic flow chart of a battery warning method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The execution subject of the method in Figure 2 can be a terminal device. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes: S201 to S203.

S201、终端设备获取电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数。S201. The terminal device obtains a first performance parameter corresponding to a first battery charging process.

其中，充电过程是指对电池进行充电的过程，充电是指电池从外电路接受电能，转化为电池的化学能的工作过程。在充电时锂离子从电池正极脱嵌，经过电解质嵌入负极，负极处于富锂状态。电池在其能量经放电消耗后，通过充电恢复，又能重新放电，构成充放电循环。充电方法包括但不限于恒流充电、恒电压充电、浮充电、涓流充电、急充电或这些方法的组合式充电等，本申请实施例对充电方法不作限定。Among them, the charging process refers to the process of charging the battery, and charging refers to the working process in which the battery receives electrical energy from an external circuit and converts it into chemical energy of the battery. During charging, lithium ions are deintercalated from the positive electrode of the battery and embedded into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state. After the battery consumes its energy through discharge, it can be discharged again through charging recovery, forming a charge and discharge cycle. Charging methods include but are not limited to constant current charging, constant voltage charging, floating charging, trickle charging, rapid charging, or a combination of these methods, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the charging method.

在对车辆的电池进行充电时，需要利用车辆充电装置。该充电装置可分为车载充电装置和非车载充电装置等。根据对车辆充电时的能量装换的方式不同，充电装置又可以分为接触式和感应式。车辆中的充电方式包括但不限于慢充、快充、换电、无线充电、移动充电等，本申请实施例对车辆充电装置和车辆中的充电方式不作限定。When charging the battery of a vehicle, a vehicle charging device is required. The charging device can be divided into an on-board charging device and an off-board charging device. Depending on the different ways of energy conversion when charging the vehicle, the charging device can be divided into contact type and inductive type. The charging methods in the vehicle include but are not limited to slow charging, fast charging, battery replacement, wireless charging, mobile charging, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the vehicle charging device and the charging methods in the vehicle.

本申请实施例中第一次充电过程是指对电池单次充电的过程，并不限定是起始充电的过程。示例性的，假如一块电池可以充电1000次，第一次充电过程可以是第1次充电过程，第30次充电过程等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。In the embodiment of the present application, the first charging process refers to the process of charging the battery once, and is not limited to the initial charging process. For example, if a battery can be charged 1000 times, the first charging process can be the 1st charging process, the 30th charging process, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

第一次充电过程中的第一次是指充电次数，充电次数与充放电循环次数息息相关，一次充放电循环指的是电池完成一次百分百完整放电/充电的过程。例如，电池有100％的电量，放电到0％，然后再充电到100％，这就是一次充放电循环。此时电池充放电循环次数为1次，充电次数为1次。The first time in the first charging process refers to the number of charging times, which is closely related to the number of charge and discharge cycles. A charge and discharge cycle refers to the process in which the battery completes a 100% complete discharge/charge. For example, the battery has 100% power, discharges to 0%, and then charges to 100%. This is a charge and discharge cycle. At this time, the battery has 1 charge and discharge cycle, and 1 charge.

又例如，电池有100％的电量，第一次放电到40％，然后充电到100％，第二次放电到60％、再充电到100％。这两次使用，合起来也是一次完整的充放电循环。此时电池的充放电循环为1次，充电次数为2次。For example, a battery has 100% power. It is discharged to 40% for the first time, then charged to 100%, and then discharged to 60% and charged to 100% for the second time. These two uses together are also a complete charge and discharge cycle. At this time, the battery has a charge and discharge cycle of 1 time, and a charge number of 2 times.

本申请实施例中电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。In the embodiments of the present application, a battery refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide a higher voltage and capacity. For example, the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack. A battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.

本申请实施例中电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池和钠锂离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。In the embodiments of the present application, the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and sodium-lithium-ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application. The battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or in other shapes, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

在电池中，电池单体为多个时，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体内；当然，电池也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。电池还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体之间的电连接。In a battery, when there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection. A mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells is accommodated in a box; of course, the battery can also be a battery module formed by connecting multiple battery cells in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in a box. The battery can also include other structures. For example, the battery can also include a converging component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells.

第一性能参数包括但不限于，电池第一次充电过程对应的充电倍率、SOC、充电时间、电池温度、SOH、充放电循环次数、充电次数、电池的属性数据等。The first performance parameter includes, but is not limited to, the charging rate, SOC, charging time, battery temperature, SOH, number of charge and discharge cycles, number of charging times, and battery attribute data corresponding to the first charging process of the battery.

充电倍率是对充电快慢的一种度量，指电池在规定的时间充电至其额定容量时所需要的电流值。充电倍率在数值上等于电池额定容量的倍数，即充电电流/电池额定容量＝充电倍率。充电倍率通常用符号C来表示。例如，1C表示电池一小时完全放电时电流强度。如标称为2200mA·h的电池在1C强度下放电1小时放电完成，此时该放电电流为2200mA。The charge rate is a measure of charging speed, which refers to the current value required for the battery to be charged to its rated capacity in a specified time. The charge rate is numerically equal to the multiple of the rated capacity of the battery, that is, charging current/rated capacity of the battery = charge rate. The charge rate is usually represented by the symbol C. For example, 1C represents the current intensity when the battery is fully discharged in one hour. For example, a battery with a nominal discharge of 2200mA·h is discharged at a 1C intensity for one hour, and the discharge current is 2200mA.

充电时长是指第一次充电过程的持续时长。Charging time refers to the duration of the first charging process.

电池的荷电状态SOC，也称剩余电量，用来反映电池的剩余容量，其数值上定义为剩余容量占电池容量的比值。The battery's state of charge (SOC), also known as the remaining capacity, is used to reflect the remaining capacity of the battery. Its value is defined as the ratio of the remaining capacity to the battery capacity.

电池温度是指电池在使用时由于内部结构发生化学变化、电化学变化、电子迁移及物质传输等原因而产生的电池表面发热的现象。本申请实施例的电池温度指电池充电时的温度。The battery temperature refers to the phenomenon that the battery surface heats up due to chemical changes, electrochemical changes, electron migration and material transfer in the internal structure of the battery when the battery is in use. The battery temperature in the embodiment of the present application refers to the temperature of the battery when it is charging.

属性数据是指电芯设计信息，包括以下参数中的至少一种：电池尺寸、正负极材料参数、隔膜材料参数、电解液材料参数、迁移率、采用第一性原理计算的电池材料参数等。Attribute data refers to battery cell design information, including at least one of the following parameters: battery size, positive and negative electrode material parameters, diaphragm material parameters, electrolyte material parameters, mobility, battery material parameters calculated using first principles, etc.

本申请实施例中电池管理***可以监测电池充电过程对应的性能参数并上传至终端设备。终端设备将性能参数进行存储。In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system can monitor the performance parameters corresponding to the battery charging process and upload them to the terminal device. The terminal device stores the performance parameters.

在对电池的充电过程进行预警时，终端设备从存储的数据中获取电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数。When issuing an early warning for the battery charging process, the terminal device obtains a first performance parameter corresponding to the first battery charging process from the stored data.

S202、终端设备获取电池第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数。S202. The terminal device obtains a second performance parameter corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery.

具体的，第一次中间过程为第一次充电过程与第二次充电过程之间的过程。中间过程包括放电过程和静置过程。Specifically, the first intermediate process is the process between the first charging process and the second charging process. The intermediate process includes a discharge process and a rest process.

放电过程是指对电池进行放电的过程，放电是指电池的化学能转换成电能的过程，在电池放电时嵌在电极负极碳层中的锂离子脱出，运动回正极。回正极的锂离子越多，放电容量越高。The discharge process refers to the process of discharging the battery. Discharging refers to the process of converting the chemical energy of the battery into electrical energy. When the battery is discharged, the lithium ions embedded in the carbon layer of the negative electrode are released and move back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions return to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity.

静置过程是指在电池放电结束后的静置过程，通常，静置过程需要静置预设时长，本申请实施例对预设时长不作限定。The static process refers to the static process after the battery is discharged. Usually, the static process needs to be static for a preset time. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the preset time.

本申请实施例中第二性能参数包括但不限于，电池第一次中间过程对应的充电倍率、SOC、充电时间、电池温度、SOH、充放电循环次数、充电次数和属性数据等。The second performance parameter in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to the charging rate, SOC, charging time, battery temperature, SOH, number of charge and discharge cycles, number of charging times and attribute data corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery.

本申请实施例中电池管理***可以监测电池中间过程对应的性能参数并上传至终端设备。终端设备将性能参数进行存储。In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system can monitor the performance parameters corresponding to the intermediate process of the battery and upload them to the terminal device. The terminal device stores the performance parameters.

在对电池的充电过程进行预警时，从存储的数据中获取电池第一次中间过程对应的第一性能参数。When an early warning is issued for the charging process of the battery, a first performance parameter corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is obtained from the stored data.

S203、终端设备根据第一性能参数和第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。S203. The terminal device determines the risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter.

具体的，析锂风险程度是指电池发生负极析锂反应，导致电池老化的程度。析锂风险程度可用符号Score _cari进行表征。析锂风险程度与第一性能参数和第二性能参数息息相关，终端设备根据第一性能参数和第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。 Specifically, the lithium plating risk level refers to the degree of battery aging caused by the negative electrode lithium plating reaction. The lithium plating risk level can be represented by the symbol Score _cari . The lithium plating risk level is closely related to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter. The terminal device determines the lithium plating risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery based on the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter.

请参考图3，图3是本申请实施例提供的一种S203的具体方法的示意性流程图。图3中的方法的执行主体可以为终端设备。如图3所示，该方法包括：S301至S303。Please refer to Figure 3, which is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S203 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The execution subject of the method in Figure 3 can be a terminal device. As shown in Figure 3, the method includes: S301 to S303.

S301、终端设备根据第一性能参数，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。S301. The terminal device determines the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter.

具体的，析锂量是指在电池的充电过程中发生负极析锂反应时，来自电池的正极的锂离子在负极表面被还原成锂金属并沉积在负极表面的含量。本申请实施例中，在第一次充电过程时的析锂量可用符号Q _1i进行表征，i表示充电次数。 Specifically, the amount of lithium deposition refers to the amount of lithium ions from the positive electrode of the battery that are reduced to lithium metal and deposited on the surface of the negative electrode when the negative electrode lithium deposition reaction occurs during the charging process of the battery. In the embodiment of the present application, the amount of lithium deposition during the first charging process can be represented by the symbol Q _1i , where i represents the number of charging times.

负极析锂反应产生的原因包括：负极余量不够造成的析锂；充电机制造成的析锂；嵌锂路径异常造成的析锂；主材异常造成的析锂；特殊原因造成的固定位置析锂。The causes of negative electrode lithium deposition reaction include: lithium deposition caused by insufficient negative electrode remainder; lithium deposition caused by charging mechanism; lithium deposition caused by abnormal lithium insertion path; lithium deposition caused by abnormal main material; lithium deposition at fixed position caused by special reasons.

其中，负极余量不够造成的析锂包括常规负极过量不够的析锂、阴阳面析锂和正极头部涂布未削薄析锂。充电机制造成的析锂包括低温充电析锂、大倍率充电析锂和过充电析锂。嵌锂路径异常造成的析锂隔膜打皱析锂、电芯变形析锂、常规化成且化成前未热冷压析锂和夹具化成未加压力析锂。主材异常造成的析锂包括负极压死析锂、电解液少造成的析锂、电解液不匹配的析锂、未化成直接分容造成析锂和水含量超标析锂。特殊原因造成的固定位置析锂包括横向贯穿析锂、纵向贯穿析锂和某一卷绕、叠片层析锂。本申请实施例对负极析锂反应产生的原因不作限定。Among them, lithium deposition caused by insufficient negative electrode surplus includes lithium deposition from insufficient conventional negative electrode, lithium deposition from the positive and negative surfaces, and lithium deposition from the positive electrode head coating that has not been thinned. Lithium deposition caused by charging mechanism includes lithium deposition from low-temperature charging, lithium deposition from high-rate charging, and lithium deposition from overcharging. Lithium deposition caused by abnormal lithium insertion path includes lithium deposition from wrinkled diaphragms, lithium deposition from deformed cells, lithium deposition from conventional formation without hot cold pressing before formation, and lithium deposition from clamp formation without pressure. Lithium deposition caused by abnormal main materials includes lithium deposition caused by negative electrode pressure death, lithium deposition caused by insufficient electrolyte, lithium deposition caused by mismatched electrolyte, lithium deposition caused by direct volume separation without formation, and lithium deposition caused by excessive water content. Lithium deposition in fixed positions caused by special reasons includes lithium deposition from lateral penetration, lithium deposition from longitudinal penetration, and lithium deposition from a certain winding or lamination. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the causes of negative electrode lithium deposition reactions.

本申请实施例中，电池在第一次充电过程时，若电池由于上述原因产生负极析锂反应，均可根据电池的第一性能参数，确定析锂量。析锂量是判定析锂风险程度的指标之一。In the embodiment of the present application, when the battery is charged for the first time, if the battery produces a negative electrode lithium deposition reaction due to the above reasons, the amount of lithium deposition can be determined according to the first performance parameter of the battery. The amount of lithium deposition is one of the indicators for determining the risk of lithium deposition.

S302、终端设备根据第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例。S302: The terminal device determines the lithium reinsertion ratio corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the second performance parameter.

具体的，电池在充电过程时发生负极析锂反应，负极表面的锂金属称为锂枝晶，含量为Q _1i，锂枝晶分为可逆锂和不可逆锂，在中间过程中可逆锂中的一部分将转化为锂离子迁回阳极，另一部分暂时停留在负极，而不可逆锂不会再转化为锂离子迁回阳极。因此，本申请实施例中，电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度是指在第一次中间过程中可逆锂转化为锂离子迁回正极的含量与第一次充电过程时负极上生成的可逆锂的总含量的比值。 Specifically, during the charging process, the battery undergoes a lithium deposition reaction at the negative electrode. The lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode is called lithium dendrites, and the content is Q _1i . Lithium dendrites are divided into reversible lithium and irreversible lithium. During the intermediate process, part of the reversible lithium will be converted into lithium ions and migrate back to the anode, and the other part will temporarily stay at the negative electrode, while the irreversible lithium will no longer be converted into lithium ions and migrate back to the anode. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the lithium deposition risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery refers to the ratio of the content of reversible lithium converted into lithium ions and migrated back to the positive electrode during the first intermediate process to the total content of reversible lithium generated on the negative electrode during the first charging process.

本申请实施例中，锂回嵌比例可用符号μ _i进行表征。 In the embodiment of the present application, the lithium back-intercalation ratio can be represented by the symbol μ _i .

本申请实施例中，终端设备根据第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例。锂回嵌比例是判定析锂风险程度的指标之一。In the embodiment of the present application, the terminal device determines the lithium reinsertion ratio corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the second performance parameter. The lithium reinsertion ratio is one of the indicators for determining the risk level of lithium precipitation.

现有技术中，在确定电池的析锂风险程度时，未考虑到锂回嵌比例，导致在判定析锂风险程度的准确性较低，而本申请实施例中以锂回嵌比例作为析锂风险程度的指标之一，可以提高判定析锂风险程度的准确性。In the prior art, when determining the lithium plating risk degree of a battery, the lithium re-intercalation ratio is not taken into consideration, resulting in low accuracy in determining the lithium plating risk degree. In the embodiment of the present application, the lithium re-intercalation ratio is used as one of the indicators of the lithium plating risk degree, which can improve the accuracy of determining the lithium plating risk degree.

S303、终端设备根据析锂量和锂回嵌比例，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。S303: The terminal device determines the risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium plating and the ratio of lithium reinsertion.

具体的，析锂量是指电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。锂回嵌比例是指电池第一次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例。Specifically, the lithium deposition amount refers to the lithium deposition amount corresponding to the first charging process of the battery. The lithium back-insertion ratio refers to the lithium back-insertion ratio corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery.

本申请实施例可以根据析锂量和锂回嵌比例，计算电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，提高计算析锂风险程度的准确性。The embodiment of the present application can calculate the lithium deposition risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the lithium deposition amount and the lithium reinsertion ratio, thereby improving the accuracy of calculating the lithium deposition risk level.

需要说明的是：在对具有相同电芯设计的电池的充电过程进行预警时，由于不用考虑电芯设计对负极析锂反应的影响，所以根据析锂量和锂回嵌比例即可确定析锂风险程度。电芯设计包括电池尺寸的设计、正负极材料的选择、隔膜材料的选择、电解液的配方选择等。在对不同电芯设计的电池的充电过程进行预警时，还需考虑电芯设计对负极析锂反应的影响。It should be noted that: when issuing early warnings for the charging process of batteries with the same cell design, since the impact of the cell design on the negative electrode lithium plating reaction does not need to be considered, the risk of lithium plating can be determined based on the amount of lithium plating and the lithium reinsertion ratio. Cell design includes the design of battery size, the selection of positive and negative electrode materials, the selection of diaphragm materials, the selection of electrolyte formula, etc. When issuing early warnings for the charging process of batteries with different cell designs, the impact of the cell design on the negative electrode lithium plating reaction must also be considered.

请参考图4，图4是本申请实施例提供的一种S301的具体方法的示意性流程图。图4中的方法的执行主体可以为终端设备。如图4所示，该方法包括：S401至S403。Please refer to Figure 4, which is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S301 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The execution subject of the method in Figure 4 can be a terminal device. As shown in Figure 4, the method includes: S401 to S403.

S401、终端设备根据第一性能参数得到阳极电位。S401. The terminal device obtains an anode potential according to a first performance parameter.

具体的，阳极电位是电池阳极的电极电位。电极电位是指电极金属浸于电解质溶液中，显示出电的效应，即金属的表面与溶液间产生电位差，这种电位差称为电极金属在此溶液中的电位或电极电位。本申请实施例中阳极电位可用符号

进行表征。 Specifically, the anode potential is the electrode potential of the battery anode. The electrode potential refers to the electrical effect of the electrode metal immersed in the electrolyte solution, that is, the potential difference between the surface of the metal and the solution. This potential difference is called the potential of the electrode metal in the solution or the electrode potential.

To characterize.

阳极电位与第一性能参数息息相关，终端设备可根据第一性能参数得到阳极电位。The anode potential is closely related to the first performance parameter, and the terminal device can obtain the anode potential according to the first performance parameter.

S402、终端设备根据第一性能参数，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的临界析锂电位。S402: The terminal device determines the critical lithium deposition potential corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter.

具体的，临界析锂电位为电池中的锂离子还原成锂金属而沉积在阴极表面的最小外加电压。临界析锂电位的具体数值根据电池电极材料的种类的不同而不同。电池电极材料包括锂钴氧化物、磷酸铁锂、锰酸锂等。本申请实施例对电极材料的种类不作限定。在同种类的电极材料中，临界析锂电位与第一性能参数有关，终端设备可根据第一性能参数确定临界析锂电位。本申请实施例中临界析锂电位可用符号

进行表征。 Specifically, the critical lithium deposition potential is the minimum applied voltage at which lithium ions in the battery are reduced to lithium metal and deposited on the cathode surface. The specific value of the critical lithium deposition potential varies depending on the type of battery electrode material. Battery electrode materials include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the type of electrode material. Among the same type of electrode materials, the critical lithium deposition potential is related to the first performance parameter, and the terminal device can determine the critical lithium deposition potential based on the first performance parameter. In the embodiments of the present application, the critical lithium deposition potential can be represented by the symbol

To characterize.

S403、终端设备根据阳极电位和临界析锂电位，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。S403: The terminal device determines the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential.

具体的，本申请实施例中终端设备可根据S301获得的阳极电位和S303获得的临界析锂电位，计算第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the terminal device can calculate the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process according to the anode potential obtained in S301 and the critical lithium deposition potential obtained in S303.

综上，本申请的技术方案中，通过第一性能参数，得到阳极电位；根据第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的临界析锂电位；根据阳极电位和临界析锂电位，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，可以快速、实时、准确的确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，提高判定电池析锂风险的准确率。In summary, in the technical solution of the present application, the anode potential is obtained through the first performance parameter; the critical lithium deposition potential corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the first performance parameter; the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential. The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery can be determined quickly, in real time and accurately, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the risk of lithium deposition of the battery.

请参考图5，图5是本申请实施例提供的一种S403的具体方法的示意性流程图。图5中的方法的执行主体可以为终端设备。如图5所示，该方法包括：S501至S503。Please refer to Figure 5, which is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S403 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The execution subject of the method in Figure 5 can be a terminal device. As shown in Figure 5, the method includes: S501 to S503.

S501、终端设备根据阳极电位和临界析锂电位，确定阳极的极化电位。S501. The terminal device determines the polarization potential of the anode according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential.

具体的，极化电位是指阳极电位与析锂临界电位间的差值。Specifically, the polarization potential refers to the difference between the anode potential and the critical potential for lithium deposition.

本申请实施例中，在获取阳极电位之后，计算阳极电位与临界析锂电位的差值，即可确定极化电位。本申请实施例中极化电位可用符号η _i进行表征。 In the embodiment of the present application, after obtaining the anode potential, the difference between the anode potential and the critical lithium precipitation potential is calculated to determine the polarization potential. In the embodiment of the present application, the polarization potential can be characterized by the symbol η _i .

在一些实施例中，极化电位可通过以下公式计算：In some embodiments, the polarization potential can be calculated by the following formula:

其中，η _i表示极化电位，

表示阳极电位，

表示临界析锂电位。 Where _ηi represents the polarization potential,

represents the anode potential,

Represents the critical lithium deposition potential.

S502、终端设备基于极化电位，确定极化电流。S502: The terminal device determines a polarization current based on the polarization potential.

具体的，极化电流又称吸收电流，由于分子极化和电子漂移而形成的电流。本申请实施例中极化电流可用符号j _i进行表征。 Specifically, the polarization current is also called the absorption current, which is the current formed due to molecular polarization and electron drift. In the embodiment of the present application, the polarization current can be represented by the symbol j _i .

电池中的极化是指由于电极上通过电流而使电极电位发生变化的现象，因而在确定阳极的极化电位时，可通过极化电位推导计算出极化电流。Polarization in a battery refers to the phenomenon that the electrode potential changes due to the passage of current through the electrode. Therefore, when determining the polarization potential of the anode, the polarization current can be calculated by deriving the polarization potential.

本申请实施例中，在第一次充电过程的每个时刻，均可根据阳极电位和临界析锂电位，计算出各时刻的阳极的极化电位，进而根据各时刻的阳极的极化电位推导计算出各时刻的阳极的极化电位对应的极化电流，构成极化电流曲线。极化电流曲线可用以下公式进行表示：In the embodiment of the present application, at each moment of the first charging process, the polarization potential of the anode at each moment can be calculated according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential, and then the polarization current corresponding to the polarization potential of the anode at each moment is calculated according to the polarization potential of the anode at each moment, forming a polarization current curve. The polarization current curve can be expressed by the following formula:

j _i＝f(η _i)。 j _i =f(η _i ).

现有技术中极化电流大都是通过测量设备进行测量时，由于测量设备自身原因、人工原因或其他原因会导致测量的极化电流不准确，而本申请实施例通过极化电流推导计算出极化电流，可以更加准确的获得极化电流。In the prior art, polarization current is mostly measured by measuring equipment. Due to the reasons of the measuring equipment itself, human reasons or other reasons, the measured polarization current may be inaccurate. However, the embodiment of the present application calculates the polarization current by deriving the polarization current, so that the polarization current can be obtained more accurately.

S503、终端设备根据极化电流，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。S503: The terminal device determines the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the polarization current.

现有技术中计算析锂量的方法包括库伦效率法、电池膨胀法、静置电压法等，但是这些方法计算的析锂量不准确，而本申请根据极化电流，计算第一次充电时电池的析锂量，可以提高计算结果的准确性。The methods for calculating the amount of lithium deposition in the prior art include the coulomb efficiency method, the battery expansion method, the static voltage method, etc., but the amount of lithium deposition calculated by these methods is inaccurate. The present application calculates the amount of lithium deposition of the battery during the first charge based on the polarization current, which can improve the accuracy of the calculation result.

请参考图6，图6是本申请实施例提供的一种S503的具体方法的示意性流程图。图6中的方法的执行主体可以为终端设备。如图6所示，该方法包括：S601至S602。Please refer to Figure 6, which is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S503 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The execution subject of the method in Figure 6 can be a terminal device. As shown in Figure 6, the method includes: S601 to S602.

S601、终端设备在极化电流中，确定极化电位小于零时的极化电流。S601. The terminal device determines the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero in the polarization current.

具体的，由于极化电位是阳极电位与临界析锂电位的差值，所以极化电位小于零时的极化电流即阳极电位与临界析锂电位的差值小于零时的极化电流。Specifically, since the polarization potential is the difference between the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential, the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero is the polarization current when the difference between the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential is less than zero.

本申请实施例中，在获取阳极电位之后，计算阳极电位与临界析锂电位的差值，若判定该差值小于零，则将差值小于零时极化电位对应的极化电流确定为极化电位小于零时的极化电流。In an embodiment of the present application, after obtaining the anode potential, the difference between the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential is calculated. If it is determined that the difference is less than zero, the polarization current corresponding to the polarization potential when the difference is less than zero is determined as the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero.

S602、终端设备根据极化电位小于零时的极化电流和极化电位小于零时的极化电流对应的充电时长，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。S602. The terminal device determines the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero and the charging time corresponding to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero.

具体的，终端设备判断出极化电位小于零时，记录极化电位小于零时的极化电流对应的充电时长。充电时长可以为一段连续的时长。例如，在14：20时判断出极化电位大于零，14：21至14：28时判断出极化电位小于零，在14：29时判断出极化电位大于零，则将14：21至14：28这一段时长确定为极化电位小于零时的极化电流对应的充电时长。充电时长也可以为多段连续的时长之和。例如，在14：20时判断出极化电位大于零，14：21至14：28时判断出极化电位小于零，在14：29时判断出极化电位大于零，14：30至14：37时判断出极化电位小于零，在14：38时判断出极化电位大于零，则将14：21至14：28和14：30至14：37这两段时长之和确定为充电时长。Specifically, when the terminal device determines that the polarization potential is less than zero, it records the charging time corresponding to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero. The charging time can be a continuous time. For example, at 14:20, it is determined that the polarization potential is greater than zero, from 14:21 to 14:28, it is determined that the polarization potential is less than zero, and at 14:29, it is determined that the polarization potential is greater than zero, then the time from 14:21 to 14:28 is determined as the charging time corresponding to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero. The charging time can also be the sum of multiple continuous time segments. For example, if the polarization potential is judged to be greater than zero at 14:20, less than zero at 14:21 to 14:28, greater than zero at 14:29, less than zero at 14:30 to 14:37, and greater than zero at 14:38, then the sum of the two time periods from 14:21 to 14:28 and from 14:30 to 14:37 is determined as the charging time.

本申请实施例中极化电位小于零时的极化电流对应的充电时长可用符号t _i进行表征。 In the embodiment of the present application, the charging time corresponding to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero can be represented by the symbol _ti .

本申请实施例中，终端设备获取到极化电位小于零时的极化电流和极化电位小于零时的极化电流对应的充电时长后，根据以下公式即可计算电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量：In the embodiment of the present application, after the terminal device obtains the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero and the charging time corresponding to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero, the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery can be calculated according to the following formula:

Q _1i＝∫j _i×dt _i。 Q _1i =∫j _i ×dt _i .

本申请实施例提供一种得到阳极电位的具体方法，该方法的执行主体可以为终端设备，该方法包括：The embodiment of the present application provides a specific method for obtaining an anode potential, and the execution subject of the method may be a terminal device. The method includes:

终端设备将第一性能参数输入阳极电位模型，得到阳极电位。The terminal device inputs the first performance parameter into the anode potential model to obtain the anode potential.

阳极电位模型是以多组第一性能参数和多组第一性能参数对应的阳极电位为训练样本经过多次训练而确定的。因此，将第一性能参数输入已训练的阳极电位模型，即可得到阳极电位。The anode potential model is determined by taking multiple sets of first performance parameters and anode potentials corresponding to the multiple sets of first performance parameters as training samples through multiple trainings. Therefore, the anode potential can be obtained by inputting the first performance parameter into the trained anode potential model.

本申请实施例中，利用阳极电位模型可以快速、实时、准确的得到阳极电位。In the embodiment of the present application, the anode potential can be obtained quickly, in real time and accurately using the anode potential model.

在其他实施例中，将第一性能参数输入已训练的阳极电位模型，得到阳极电位的方法包括：将第一性能参数输入电化学模型和神经网络模型中进行预测，得到第一性能参数对应的阳极电位。In other embodiments, the method of inputting the first performance parameter into a trained anode potential model to obtain the anode potential includes: inputting the first performance parameter into an electrochemical model and a neural network model for prediction to obtain the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter.

具体的，电化学模型包括锂电池准二维模型(Pseudo Two Dimensions，P2D)。P2D模型的建立可以囊括锂离子电池的所有基本组成，包括电极(正极、负极)、隔膜、电解液和集流体。P2D模型的电极材料是球状颗粒组成，该模型不考虑双电层效应。该模型的正负极集流体电导率非常高。Specifically, the electrochemical model includes a quasi-two-dimensional model of lithium batteries (Pseudo Two Dimensions, P2D). The establishment of the P2D model can include all the basic components of lithium-ion batteries, including electrodes (positive and negative electrodes), separators, electrolytes and current collectors. The electrode material of the P2D model is composed of spherical particles, and the model does not consider the double layer effect. The conductivity of the positive and negative current collectors in this model is very high.

本申请实施例中，神经网络模型包括循环神经网络RNN、长短期记忆网络LSTM、图神经网络Transformer等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。In the embodiments of the present application, the neural network model includes a recurrent neural network RNN, a long short-term memory network LSTM, a graph neural network Transformer, etc., but the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

本申请实施例中，将第一性能参数输入电化学模型和神经网络模型中进行预测，得到第一次充电过程中每个时刻的第一性能参数对应的阳极电位，根据每个时刻的阳极电位可构成阳极电位变化曲线。In an embodiment of the present application, the first performance parameter is input into the electrochemical model and the neural network model for prediction, and the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter at each moment in the first charging process is obtained. The anode potential change curve can be constructed based on the anode potential at each moment.

本申请实施例中，第一性能参数包括各种电芯设计的电池在充电过程时的第一性能参数。In the embodiment of the present application, the first performance parameter includes the first performance parameter of batteries with various cell designs during the charging process.

在利用测量工具测量第一性能参数对应的阳极电位时，会无法全范围、全覆盖的测量所有第一性能参数对应的阳极电位，导致一些第一性能参数对应的阳极电位无法通过测量工具获得。本申请利用电化学模型，可以全范围、全覆盖的输出所有第一性能参数对应的阳极电位，提升后续根据阳极电位判定析锂风险程度的准确率。When using a measuring tool to measure the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter, it is impossible to measure the anode potentials corresponding to all the first performance parameters in a full range and with full coverage, resulting in the anode potentials corresponding to some first performance parameters being unable to be obtained by the measuring tool. The present application uses an electrochemical model to output the anode potentials corresponding to all the first performance parameters in a full range and with full coverage, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent determination of the risk of lithium deposition based on the anode potential.

但是由于电化学模型运算速度很慢不能实时检测阳极电位，本申请实施例将电化学模型与神经网络模型相结合，利用神经网络运算速度快的特点，在全范围、全覆盖的输出所有第一性能参数对应的阳极电位的同时，实时输出阳极电位，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率和及时性。However, since the electrochemical model operates very slowly and cannot detect the anode potential in real time, the embodiment of the present application combines the electrochemical model with the neural network model, and utilizes the fast operation speed of the neural network to output the anode potential corresponding to all first performance parameters in a full range and full coverage, while outputting the anode potential in real time, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of determining the risk level of lithium plating.

综上，本申请的技术方案中，可以将第一性能参数输入电化学模型和神经网络模型中进行预测，得到第一性能参数对应的阳极电位，在全范围、全覆盖的输出第一性能参数对应的阳极电位的同时，实时输出阳极电位，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率和及时性。In summary, in the technical solution of the present application, the first performance parameter can be input into the electrochemical model and the neural network model for prediction, and the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter can be obtained. While outputting the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter in a full range and full coverage, the anode potential can be output in real time, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of determining the risk degree of lithium plating.

请参考图7，图7是本申请实施例提供的一种S303的具体方法的示意性流程图。图7中的方法的执行主体可以为终端设备。如图7所示，该方法包括：S701至S703。Please refer to Figure 7, which is a schematic flow chart of a specific method of S303 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The execution subject of the method in Figure 7 can be a terminal device. As shown in Figure 7, the method includes: S701 to S703.

S701、终端设备基于第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量。S701. The terminal device determines the amount of irreversible lithium in the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter.

具体的，不可逆锂与电池的属性数据和SOH息息相关，终端设备在获取第一性能参数时，即可获取电池的属性数据和SOH。Specifically, irreversible lithium is closely related to the property data and SOH of the battery. When the terminal device obtains the first performance parameter, the property data and SOH of the battery can be obtained.

本申请实施例中，电池处于第一次充电过程后的第一次中间过程时，终端设备可基于属性数据和SOH，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量。本申请实施例中不可逆锂量可用符号Q′ _i进行表征。 In the embodiment of the present application, when the battery is in the first intermediate process after the first charging process, the terminal device can determine the irreversible lithium amount in the lithium precipitation amount corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the attribute data and SOH. In the embodiment of the present application, the irreversible lithium amount can be represented by the symbol Q′ _i .

S702、终端设备根据电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量、不可逆锂和锂回嵌比例，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量。S702: The terminal device determines the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition, irreversible lithium and lithium reinsertion ratio corresponding to the first charging process of the battery.

具体的，终端设备可根据以下公式确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量：Specifically, the terminal device can determine the amount of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the following formula:

Q _2i＝Q′ _i+(Q _1i-Q′ _i)×(1-μ _i)。 Q _2i =Q ′ _i +(Q _1i -Q ′ _i )×(1-μ _i ).

其中，Q _2i为电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量，Q′ _i为电池第一次充电过程对应的不可逆锂量，Q _1i为电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，(Q _1i-Q′ _i)为电池第一次充电过程对应的可逆锂的总含量，μ _i为电池第一次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例，(Q _1i-Q′ _i)×(1-μ _i)为电池第一次中间过程对应的可逆锂的总含量中还未返回阳极的可逆锂量。 Among them, _Q2i is the amount of lithium precipitated corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery, _Q′i is the amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, _Q1i is the amount of lithium precipitated corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, ( _Q1i - _Q′i ) is the total content of reversible lithium corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, _μi is the lithium back-insertion ratio corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery, and ( _Q1i - _Q′i )×(1- _μi ) is the amount of reversible lithium that has not returned to the anode in the total content of reversible lithium corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery.

S703、终端设备根据电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。S703. The terminal device determines the risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery.

具体的，终端设备根据电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量即可计算电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。Specifically, the terminal device can calculate the risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery based on the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery.

在其他实施例中，电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度与电池的相关风险系数相关，终端设备可根据第一性能参数中的属性数据确定相关风险系数。In other embodiments, the risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is related to the relevant risk coefficient of the battery, and the terminal device can determine the relevant risk coefficient based on the attribute data in the first performance parameter.

本申请实施例中在对具有相同电芯设计的电池进行预警时，由于不用考虑电芯设计(属性数据)对负极析锂反应的影响，所以根据析锂量和锂回嵌比例即可确定析锂风险程度。In the embodiment of the present application, when warning is issued for batteries with the same cell design, since there is no need to consider the influence of the cell design (attribute data) on the negative electrode lithium plating reaction, the degree of lithium plating risk can be determined based on the amount of lithium plating and the lithium reinsertion ratio.

但是对不同电芯设计的电池同时进行预警时，需要考虑电芯设计对负极析锂反应的影响，本申请实施例将电芯设计对负极析锂反应的影响量化为相关风险系数。本申请实施例的相关风险系数可用符号Z进行表征。However, when warning batteries with different cell designs are issued simultaneously, the influence of the cell design on the negative electrode lithium deposition reaction needs to be considered. The embodiment of the present application quantifies the influence of the cell design on the negative electrode lithium deposition reaction as a related risk coefficient. The related risk coefficient of the embodiment of the present application can be represented by the symbol Z.

终端设备中预先存储相关风险系数与属性数据的映射关系，终端设备获取到电池的属性信息时，即可根据相关风险系数与属性数据的映射关系确定属性数据对应的相关风险系数。The terminal device pre-stores a mapping relationship between the relevant risk coefficient and the attribute data. When the terminal device obtains the attribute information of the battery, the relevant risk coefficient corresponding to the attribute data can be determined according to the mapping relationship between the relevant risk coefficient and the attribute data.

在确定了相关风险系数的基础上，终端设备可根据以下公式确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度：On the basis of determining the relevant risk coefficient, the terminal device can determine the risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the following formula:

Score _cari＝∫(Q _2i，Z)。 Score _cari =∫(Q _2i , Z).

其中，Score _cari表示电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，Z为电池的相关风险系数。 Among them, Score _cari represents the risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery, and Z is the relevant risk coefficient of the battery.

综上，本申请的技术方案中，通过基于第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程时对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量，根据电池在第一次充电过程时的析锂量、不可逆锂和锂回嵌比例，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量，可以提升确定析锂量的准确率，根据电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率。In summary, in the technical solution of the present application, by determining the amount of irreversible lithium in the lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter, and determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition, irreversible lithium and lithium reinsertion ratio of the battery during the first charging process, the accuracy of determining the amount of lithium deposition can be improved, and the degree of lithium deposition risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery can be determined according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the degree of lithium deposition risk.

请参考图8，图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种S303的具体方法的示意性流程图。图8中的方法的执行主体可以为终端设备。如图8所示，该方法包括：S801至S803。Please refer to Figure 8, which is a schematic flow chart of another specific method of S303 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The execution subject of the method in Figure 8 can be a terminal device. As shown in Figure 8, the method includes: S801 to S803.

S801、终端设备基于第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量，并确定电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量。S801. The terminal device determines the amount of irreversible lithium in the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter, and determines the accumulated amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery.

具体的，S801中确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量的方法与S701相同，此处不再赘述。Specifically, the method for determining the irreversible lithium amount in the lithium deposition amount corresponding to the first charging process of the battery in S801 is the same as that in S701, and will not be repeated here.

总的充电过程是指总的充电次数对应的充电过程。示例性的，第一次充电过程中的第一次是指第7次，总的充电过程是指总的7次充电过程。The total charging process refers to the charging process corresponding to the total number of charging times. For example, the first time in the first charging process refers to the 7th time, and the total charging process refers to the total 7 charging processes.

确定电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量可参考S802中的具体描述。For determining the accumulated irreversible lithium amount corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, reference may be made to the detailed description in S802.

S802、终端设备根据电池总的充电过程对应的析锂量、电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量和锂回嵌比例，确定电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量。S802. The terminal device determines the cumulative amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, and the lithium reinsertion ratio.

具体的，终端设备可根据以下公式确定电池在总的中间过程时的析锂量：Specifically, the terminal device can determine the amount of lithium plating of the battery during the total intermediate process according to the following formula:

Q _3i＝Q′ ₁+Q′ ₂+…Q′ _i-1+Q′ _i Q _3i =Q ′ ₁ +Q ′ ₂ +…Q ′ _i-1 +Q ′ _i

+[(((Q ₁₁-Q′ ₁)×(1-μ ₁)+(Q ₁₂-Q′ ₂))×(1-μ ₂)+…+(Q _1i-1-Q′ _i-1)) +[(((Q ₁₁ -Q′ ₁ )×(1-μ ₁ )+(Q ₁₂ -Q′ ₂ ))×(1-μ ₂ )+…+(Q _1i-1 -Q′ _i-1 ))

×(1-μ _i-1)+(Q _1i-Q′ _i)]×(1-μ _i)。 ×(1-μ _i-1 )+(Q _1i -Q′ _i )]×(1-μ _i ).

其中，Q _3i为电池总的中间过程时累积的析锂量，Q′ ₁为电池第1次充电过程对应的不可逆锂量，Q′ ₂为电池第2次充电过程对应的不可逆锂量，Q′ _i-1为电池第i-1次充电过程对应的不可逆锂量，Q′ _i为电池第一次充电过程对应的不可逆锂量，Q′ ₁+Q′ ₂+…Q′ _i-1+Q′ _i为电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量，Q ₁₁为电池第1次充电过程对应的析锂量，Q ₁₂为电池第2次充电过程对应的析锂量，Q _1i-1为电池第i-1次充电过程对应的析锂量，μ ₁为电池第1次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例，μ ₂为电池第2次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例，μ _i-1为电池第i-1次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例，[(((Q ₁₁-Q′ ₁)×(1-μ ₁)+(Q ₁₂-Q′ ₂))×(1-μ ₂)+…+(Q _1i-1-Q′ _i-1))×(1-μ _i-1)+(Q _1i-Q′ _i)]为电池总的充电过程对应的累积的可逆锂量，[(((Q ₁₁-Q′ _i)×(1-μ ₁)+(Q ₁₂-Q′ ₂))×(1-μ ₂)+…+(Q _1i-1-Q′ _i-1))×(1-μ _i-1)+(Q _1i-Q′ _i)]×(1-μ _i)为电池总的中间过程对应的累积的可逆锂的总含量中还未返回阳极的可逆锂量。 Wherein, Q _3i is the cumulative amount of lithium precipitated during the total intermediate process of the battery, Q′ ₁ is the irreversible lithium amount corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, Q′ ₂ is the irreversible lithium amount corresponding to the second charging process of the battery, Q′ _i-1 is the irreversible lithium amount corresponding to the i-1th charging process of the battery, Q′ _i is the irreversible lithium amount corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, Q′ ₁ +Q′ ₂ +…Q′ _i-1 +Q′ _i is the cumulative irreversible lithium amount corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, Q ₁₁ is the lithium precipitated amount corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, Q ₁₂ is the lithium precipitated amount corresponding to the second charging process of the battery, Q _1i-1 is the lithium precipitated amount corresponding to the i-1th charging process of the battery, μ ₁ is the lithium back-intercalation ratio corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery, μ ₂ is the lithium back-intercalation ratio corresponding to the second intermediate process of the battery, μ _i-1 is the lithium back-intercalation ratio corresponding to the i-1th intermediate process of the battery, [((Q ₁₁ -Q′ ₁ )×(1-μ 1 )+(Q 11 -Q′ 1 )×(1-μ ₁ )+(Q [(((Q ₁₁ -Q′ _i )×(1-μ ₁ )+(Q ₁₂ -Q′ 2 ))×(1-μ ₂ )+…+(Q _1i-1 -Q _{′ i} _- _{1 ))×(1-μ i-1} ₎ ₊ ₍ _Q _1i _-Q ′ _i )]×(1-μ _i ₎ is the reversible lithium amount that has not returned to the anode in the total _cumulative reversible lithium content corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery _.

S803、终端设备根据电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。S803. The terminal device determines the risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the accumulated lithium deposition amount corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery.

具体的，终端设备根据电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量计算电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。Specifically, the terminal device calculates the risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the accumulated lithium plating amount corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery.

在其他实施例中，电池第一次中间过程时的析锂风险程度与电池的相关风险系数相关，终端设备可根据第一性能参数中的属性数据确定相关风险系数。In other embodiments, the risk level of lithium plating during the first intermediate process of the battery is related to the relevant risk coefficient of the battery, and the terminal device can determine the relevant risk coefficient according to the attribute data in the first performance parameter.

Score _cari＝∫(Q _3i，Z)。 Score _cari =∫(Q _3i ,Z).

综上，本申请实施例的技术方案，基于第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量，并确定电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量；根据电池总的充电过程对应的析锂量、电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量和锂回嵌比例，确定电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量；在确定第一次中间过程对应的析锂量时考虑了累积的析锂量，提升确定析锂量的准确率，根据电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率。In summary, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application determines the amount of irreversible lithium in the lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter, and determines the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery; determines the cumulative amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, and the lithium reinsertion ratio; takes the cumulative amount of lithium deposition into consideration when determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the amount of lithium deposition, and determines the degree of lithium deposition risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the cumulative amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the degree of lithium deposition risk.

本申请实施例中，在根据第一性能参数和第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度之后，包括：In the embodiment of the present application, after determining the lithium plating risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter, the following steps are included:

根据析锂风险程度生成预警信息。Generate early warning information based on the risk level of lithium plating.

具体的，终端设备生成预警信息时可发送预警信息至BMS，BMS接收到预警信息后产生预警信号。预警信号包括但不限于预警灯闪烁、预警图标点亮等。Specifically, when the terminal device generates warning information, it can send the warning information to the BMS, and the BMS generates a warning signal after receiving the warning information. The warning signal includes but is not limited to flashing warning lights, lighting warning icons, etc.

本申请实施例中，根据析锂风险程度生成预警信息，包括：In the embodiment of the present application, early warning information is generated according to the risk level of lithium plating, including:

若析锂风险程度大于预设阈值，则生成预警信息。If the risk of lithium plating is greater than the preset threshold, an early warning message is generated.

本申请实施例中，析锂风险程度是以图7中的方法获得的，若析锂风险程度大于预设阈值，则生成预警信息的方法包括：In the embodiment of the present application, the lithium plating risk level is obtained by the method in FIG. 7 . If the lithium plating risk level is greater than a preset threshold, the method for generating early warning information includes:

若析锂风险程度大于第一阈值，则生成预警信息。If the risk level of lithium plating is greater than the first threshold, a warning message is generated.

在其他实施例中，析锂风险程度是以图8中的方法获得的，若析锂风险程度大于预设阈值，则生成预警信息的方法包括：In other embodiments, the lithium plating risk level is obtained by the method in FIG8 . If the lithium plating risk level is greater than a preset threshold, the method for generating early warning information includes:

若析锂风险程度大于第二阈值，则生成预警信息。If the risk level of lithium plating is greater than the second threshold, a warning message is generated.

本申请实施例中的预设阈值、第一阈值和第二阈值均可根据电芯设计的不同具体设置，本申请实施例对此不作限定。本申请实施例中第一阈值和第二阈值可相同也可不同，本申请实施例对此不作限定。The preset threshold, the first threshold and the second threshold in the embodiment of the present application can be set according to the different designs of the battery cell, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. The first threshold and the second threshold in the embodiment of the present application can be the same or different, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

应理解，上述实施例中各步骤的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。It should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

本申请实施例中，在将第一性能参数输入电化学模型和神经网络模型中进行预测，得到第一性能参数对应的阳极电位之前，需要对电化学模型和神经网络模型进行训练，以期模型的预测结果更加准确。本申请实施例提供一种阳极电位模型的训练方法。In the embodiment of the present application, before the first performance parameter is input into the electrochemical model and the neural network model for prediction and the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter is obtained, the electrochemical model and the neural network model need to be trained so that the prediction result of the model is more accurate. The embodiment of the present application provides a training method for an anode potential model.

请参考图9，图9是本申请实施例提供的一种阳极电位模型的训练方法的示意性流程图。图9中的方法的执行主体可以为终端设备。如图9所示，该方法包括：S901至S904。Please refer to Figure 9, which is a schematic flow chart of a training method for an anode potential model provided in an embodiment of the present application. The execution subject of the method in Figure 9 may be a terminal device. As shown in Figure 9, the method includes: S901 to S904.

S901、终端设备获取电池的属性数据和测量数据，并根据属性数据和测量数据构建电化学模型。S901. The terminal device obtains attribute data and measurement data of the battery, and constructs an electrochemical model according to the attribute data and the measurement data.

具体的，第一性能参数中包括电池的属性数据，终端设备在获取第一性能参数时即可获取属性数据。Specifically, the first performance parameter includes attribute data of the battery, and the terminal device can obtain the attribute data when obtaining the first performance parameter.

本申请实施例中的测量数据，是利用测量工具对电芯三电极电池进行测量而获得的数据，测量数据包括第一性能参数和第一性能参数对应的阳极电位。由于测量数据是通过测量电芯三电极电池获得的，所以在后续计算时可以排除电极电势因极化电流而产生的较大误差。The measurement data in the embodiment of the present application is data obtained by measuring the three-electrode battery using a measuring tool, and the measurement data includes a first performance parameter and an anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter. Since the measurement data is obtained by measuring the three-electrode battery, the large error in the electrode potential caused by the polarization current can be excluded in subsequent calculations.

电芯三电极的三个电极为工作电极、参比电极和辅助电极。工作电极又称研究电极，是指所研究的反应在该电极上发生。辅助电极又称对电极，辅助电极和工作电极组成回路，使工作电极上电流畅通，以保证所研究的反应在工作电极上发生，但必须无任何方式限制电池观测的响应。参比电极是测量各种电极电势时作为参照比较的电极。The three electrodes of the battery cell are the working electrode, the reference electrode and the auxiliary electrode. The working electrode is also called the research electrode, which means that the reaction under study occurs on this electrode. The auxiliary electrode is also called the counter electrode. The auxiliary electrode and the working electrode form a loop to make the current on the working electrode flow smoothly to ensure that the reaction under study occurs on the working electrode, but it must not limit the response observed by the battery in any way. The reference electrode is the electrode used as a reference comparison when measuring various electrode potentials.

本申请实施例中，终端设备根据电池的电芯设计信息和测量的第一性能参数和第一性能参数对应的阳极电位构建电化学模型。In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal device constructs an electrochemical model based on the battery cell design information, the measured first performance parameter, and the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter.

S902、终端设备基于电化学模型进行充放电仿真，得到电池的仿真数据，并调节电化学模型的模型参数。S902: The terminal device performs charge and discharge simulation based on the electrochemical model to obtain simulation data of the battery and adjust model parameters of the electrochemical model.

具体的，将第一性能参数和第一性能参数对应的阳极电位输入电化学模型进行充放电仿真，得到电池的仿真数据，仿真数据包括仿真的第一性能参数和仿真的第一性能参数对应的阳极电位。Specifically, the first performance parameter and the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter are input into an electrochemical model for charge and discharge simulation to obtain simulation data of the battery, wherein the simulation data includes the simulated first performance parameter and the anode potential corresponding to the simulated first performance parameter.

本申请实施例中仿真数据中包含第一性能参数与阳极电位映射关系。本申请实施例中仿真数据为试验设计数据(Design Of Experiment，DOE)，DOE是一种安排实验和分析实验数据的数理统计方法；试验设计主要对试验进行合理安排，以较小的试验规模(试验次数)、较短的试验周期和较低的试验成本，获得理想的试验结果以及得出科学的结论。本申请实施例中。利用DOE数据可以较少的测量数据仿真出大量的第一性能参数与阳极电位映射关系。In the embodiment of the present application, the simulation data includes the mapping relationship between the first performance parameter and the anode potential. In the embodiment of the present application, the simulation data is the experimental design data (Design Of Experiment, DOE). DOE is a mathematical and statistical method for arranging experiments and analyzing experimental data. The experimental design mainly arranges the experiments reasonably, obtains ideal experimental results and draws scientific conclusions with a smaller experimental scale (number of experiments), a shorter experimental cycle and a lower experimental cost. In the embodiment of the present application. Using DOE data, a large number of first performance parameters and anode potential mapping relationships can be simulated with less measurement data.

本申请实施例中，调节电化学模型的模型参数的方法为：根据仿真数据与测量数据的差值调节电化学模型参数。In an embodiment of the present application, the method for adjusting the model parameters of the electrochemical model is: adjusting the electrochemical model parameters according to the difference between the simulation data and the measurement data.

具体的，在电化学模型输出仿真数据之后，计算仿真数据与测量数据的差值，若该差值位于预设的数值范围，则证明模型参数已经调整完成。若该差值未位于预设的数值范围，则继续调节模型参数，直至差值位于预设的数值范围内。仿真数据与测量数据的差值越小，证明电化学模型的精度越高，仿真出的数据越准确。预设的数值范围用于表征利用电化学模型输出的仿真数据与测量数据的差值较小的范围。Specifically, after the electrochemical model outputs the simulation data, the difference between the simulation data and the measurement data is calculated. If the difference is within the preset numerical range, it proves that the model parameters have been adjusted. If the difference is not within the preset numerical range, the model parameters are adjusted until the difference is within the preset numerical range. The smaller the difference between the simulation data and the measurement data, the higher the accuracy of the electrochemical model and the more accurate the simulated data. The preset numerical range is used to characterize the range in which the difference between the simulation data output by the electrochemical model and the measurement data is small.

S903、终端设备将仿真数据作为训练样本，输入神经网络模型，根据神经网络模型的输出结果调节神经网络模型的网络参数。S903: The terminal device uses the simulation data as training samples, inputs them into the neural network model, and adjusts the network parameters of the neural network model according to the output results of the neural network model.

具体的，训练样本包括仿真的第一性能参数和仿真的第一性能参数对应的阳极电位。本申请实施例中第一性能参数对应的阳极电位可称为将第一性能参数输入神经网络输出的标准输出结果。Specifically, the training sample includes the simulated first performance parameter and the anode potential corresponding to the simulated first performance parameter. The anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter in the embodiment of the present application can be referred to as the standard output result of inputting the first performance parameter into the neural network output.

本申请实施例中根据神经网络模型的输出结果调节神经网络模型的网络参数的方法包括：The method for adjusting the network parameters of the neural network model according to the output result of the neural network model in the embodiment of the present application includes:

首先，将训练样本输入至初始的神经网络模型中，得到初始的神经网络模型输出的训练输出结果。First, the training samples are input into the initial neural network model to obtain the training output results output by the initial neural network model.

具体的，由于初始时该神经网络模型尚未训练完成，因此，此时输出的训练输出结果(阳极电位)与标准输出结果之间会存在一定的偏差、误差。Specifically, since the neural network model has not been trained yet at the initial stage, there will be certain deviations and errors between the training output results (anode potential) output at this time and the standard output results.

需要说明的是由S902获得的仿真数据越多，训练获得的神经网络模型越准确。It should be noted that the more simulation data obtained by S902, the more accurate the neural network model obtained by training.

其次，根据训练输出结果与标准输出结果计算本轮训练的全局误差。Secondly, the global error of this round of training is calculated based on the training output results and the standard output results.

具体的，在得到训练输出结果之后，可以根据训练输出结果与标准输出结果计算本轮训练的全局误差，并判断该全局误差是否满足预设的第一条件，如判断该全局误差是否小于5％。在此，预设的第一条件可以在训练具体的神经网络模型时确定，例如，可以设定预设的第一条件为全局误差小于特定阈值，该特定阈值可以是一个百分比数值，其中，该特定阈值越小，则最后训练完成得到的神经网络层越稳定，预测精确度也将越高。Specifically, after obtaining the training output result, the global error of this round of training can be calculated based on the training output result and the standard output result, and it can be determined whether the global error meets the preset first condition, such as whether the global error is less than 5%. Here, the preset first condition can be determined when training a specific neural network model. For example, the preset first condition can be set as the global error is less than a specific threshold, and the specific threshold can be a percentage value. The smaller the specific threshold, the more stable the neural network layer obtained after the final training, and the higher the prediction accuracy.

本申请实施例中，可利用损失函数计算全局误差，本申请实施例对损失函数的类型不作限定。In the embodiment of the present application, a loss function may be used to calculate the global error, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the loss function.

然后，若全局误差不满足预设的第一条件，则调整神经网络的网络参数，并将网络参数调整后的神经网络模型确定为初始的神经网络模型，返回执行将训练样本输入至初始的神经网络模型中，得到初始的神经网络模型输出的训练输出结果的步骤以及后续步骤；若全局误差满足第一条件，则确定神经网络模型训练完成。Then, if the global error does not meet the preset first condition, the network parameters of the neural network are adjusted, and the neural network model after the network parameters are adjusted is determined as the initial neural network model, and the step of inputting the training sample into the initial neural network model to obtain the training output result output by the initial neural network model and subsequent steps are returned; if the global error meets the first condition, it is determined that the training of the neural network model is completed.

具体的，当本轮训练的全局误差不满足预设的第一条件时，例如，当本轮训练的全局误差为10％时，则可以调整神经网络模型的网络参数，并将网络参数调整后的神经网络模型确定为初始的神经网络模型，然后重新进行训练样本的训练，以通过反复调整神经网络模型的网络参数，并进行多次训练样本的训练，来使得后续根据训练输出结果与对应的标准输出结果计算得到的全局误差最小化，直到最终的全局误差满足预设的第一条件。Specifically, when the global error of this round of training does not meet the preset first condition, for example, when the global error of this round of training is 10%, the network parameters of the neural network model can be adjusted, and the neural network model after the network parameters are adjusted is determined as the initial neural network model, and then the training samples are re-trained, so as to minimize the global error subsequently calculated based on the training output results and the corresponding standard output results by repeatedly adjusting the network parameters of the neural network model and conducting multiple training sample trainings, until the final global error meets the preset first condition.

当本轮训练的全局误差满足预设的第一条件时，例如，当本轮训练的全局误差小于5％时，则可以确定神经网络模型的参数已训练完成。When the global error of this round of training meets the preset first condition, for example, when the global error of this round of training is less than 5%, it can be determined that the parameters of the neural network model have been trained.

S904、终端设备将经过模型参数调节的电化学模型和经过网络参数调节的神经网络模型确定为阳极电位模型。S904. The terminal device determines the electrochemical model after the model parameters are adjusted and the neural network model after the network parameters are adjusted as the anode potential model.

具体的，终端设备将经过S902和S903处理后的电化学模型和神经网络模型确定为阳极电位模型。Specifically, the terminal device determines the electrochemical model and the neural network model processed by S902 and S903 as the anode potential model.

综上，通过本申请实施例提供的训练方法对阳极电位模型进行训练，可以使电化学模型更准确的输出仿真数据以及使神经网络模型更准确的预测出阳极电位，提升后续判定析锂风险程度的准确率和及时性。In summary, by training the anode potential model through the training method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the electrochemical model can output simulation data more accurately and the neural network model can predict the anode potential more accurately, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of subsequent determination of the risk level of lithium plating.

请参考图10，图10是本申请实施例提供的一种用于电池的预警装置的结构示意图，该装置包括：Please refer to FIG. 10 , which is a schematic diagram of a structure of an early warning device for a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application, the device comprising:

第一获取模块101，用于获取电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数。The first acquisition module 101 is used to acquire a first performance parameter corresponding to a first charging process of a battery.

第二获取模块102，用于获取电池第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数，第一次中间过程为第一次充电过程与第二次充电过程之间的过程。The second acquisition module 102 is used to acquire a second performance parameter corresponding to a first intermediate process of the battery, where the first intermediate process is a process between a first charging process and a second charging process.

第一确定模块103，用于根据第一性能参数和第二性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The first determination module 103 is used to determine the lithium plating risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter.

在一个实施例中，第一确定模块103，还用于根据第一性能参数，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量；In one embodiment, the first determination module 103 is further used to determine the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter;

根据第一性能参数，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例；Determine the lithium reinsertion ratio corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter;

根据析锂量和锂回嵌比例，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。Based on the amount of lithium plating and the ratio of lithium reinsertion, the risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined.

在一个实施例中，第一确定模块103，还用于根据第一性能参数得到阳极电位；In one embodiment, the first determination module 103 is further configured to obtain the anode potential according to the first performance parameter;

根据第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的临界析锂电位；Determine the critical lithium deposition potential corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter;

根据阳极电位和临界析锂电位，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。According to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential, the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined.

本申请的技术方案中，通过第一性能参数，得到阳极电位；根据第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的临界析锂电位；根据阳极电位和临界析锂电位，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，可以快速、实时、准确的确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，提高判定电池析锂风险的准确率。In the technical solution of the present application, the anode potential is obtained through the first performance parameter; the critical lithium deposition potential corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the first performance parameter; the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential. The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery can be determined quickly, in real time and accurately, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the risk of lithium deposition of the battery.

在一个实施例中，第一确定模块103，还用于根据阳极电位和临界析锂电位，确定阳极的极化电位；In one embodiment, the first determination module 103 is further used to determine the polarization potential of the anode according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential;

基于极化电位，确定极化电流；Based on the polarization potential, the polarization current is determined;

根据极化电流，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。According to the polarization current, the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined.

在一个实施例中，第一确定模块103，还用于在极化电流中，确定极化电位小于零时的极化电流；In one embodiment, the first determination module 103 is further used to determine, in the polarization current, the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero;

根据极化电位小于零时的极化电流和极化电位小于零时的极化电流对应的充电时长，确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined based on the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero and the charging time corresponding to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero.

在一个实施例中，第一确定模块103，还用于将第一性能参数输入阳极电位模型，得到阳极电位。In one embodiment, the first determination module 103 is further configured to input the first performance parameter into the anode potential model to obtain the anode potential.

在一个实施例中，阳极电位模型包括电化学模型和神经网络模型，第一确定模块103，还用于将第一性能参数输入电化学模型和神经网络模型中进行预测，得到第一性能参数对应的阳极电位。In one embodiment, the anode potential model includes an electrochemical model and a neural network model, and the first determination module 103 is further used to input the first performance parameter into the electrochemical model and the neural network model for prediction to obtain the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter.

在一个实施例中，第一确定模块103，还用于基于第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量；In one embodiment, the first determining module 103 is further used to determine the amount of irreversible lithium in the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter;

根据电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量、不可逆锂和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量；Determine the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, the irreversible lithium and the lithium reinsertion ratio;

根据电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined based on the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery.

本申请实施例的技术方案中，基于第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程时对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量，根据电池在第一次充电过程时的析锂量、不可逆锂和锂回嵌比例，确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量，可以提升确定析锂量的准确率，根据电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，提升判定析锂风险程度的准确率。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the amount of irreversible lithium in the lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined based on the first performance parameter, and the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the amount of lithium deposition, irreversible lithium and lithium reinsertion ratio of the battery during the first charging process. The accuracy of determining the amount of lithium deposition can be improved, and the degree of lithium deposition risk corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery can be determined according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery, thereby improving the accuracy of determining the degree of lithium deposition risk.

在一个实施例中，第一确定模块103，还用于基于第一性能参数确定电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量，并确定电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量；In one embodiment, the first determination module 103 is further used to determine the amount of irreversible lithium in the amount of lithium precipitation corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter, and determine the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery;

根据电池总的充电过程对应的析锂量、电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量和锂回嵌比例，确定电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量；Determine the cumulative amount of lithium precipitation corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium precipitation corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, and the lithium back-insertion ratio;

根据电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量确定电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined based on the accumulated lithium plating amount corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery.

在一个实施例中，装置还包括预警模块104，用于根据析锂风险程度生成预警信息。In one embodiment, the device further includes an early warning module 104 for generating early warning information according to the risk level of lithium plating.

在一个实施例中，预警模块104，还用于若析锂风险程度大于预设阈值，则生成预警信息。In one embodiment, the early warning module 104 is further configured to generate early warning information if the risk level of lithium plating is greater than a preset threshold.

请参考图11，图11是本申请实施例提供的一种阳极电位模型的训练装置的结构示意图，该装置包括：Please refer to FIG. 11 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a training device for an anode potential model provided in an embodiment of the present application, the device comprising:

第三获取模块111，用于获取电池的属性数据和测量数据，并根据属性数据和测量数据构建电化学模型，测量数据包括第一性能参数和第一性能参数对应的阳极电位。The third acquisition module 111 is used to acquire property data and measurement data of the battery and construct an electrochemical model according to the property data and the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes a first performance parameter and an anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter.

仿真模块112，用于基于电化学模型进行充放电仿真，得到电池的仿真数据，并调节电化学模型的模型参数。The simulation module 112 is used to perform charge and discharge simulation based on the electrochemical model, obtain simulation data of the battery, and adjust model parameters of the electrochemical model.

调节模块113，用于将仿真数据作为训练样本，输入神经网络模型，根据神经网络模型的输出结果调节神经网络模型的网络参数。The adjustment module 113 is used to input the simulation data as training samples into the neural network model, and adjust the network parameters of the neural network model according to the output results of the neural network model.

第二确定模块114，用于将经过模型参数调节的电化学模型和经过网络参数调节的神经网络模型确定为阳极电位模型。The second determination module 114 is used to determine the electrochemical model after the model parameters are adjusted and the neural network model after the network parameters are adjusted as the anode potential model.

所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能单元、模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能单元、模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能单元或模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。实施例中的各功能单元、模块可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中，上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。另外，各功能单元、模块的具体名称也只是为了便于相互区分，并不用于限制本申请的保护范围。上述***中单元、模块的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。The technicians in the relevant field can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example for illustration. In practical applications, the above-mentioned function allocation can be completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiment can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above-mentioned system can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

如图12所示，本申请实施例还提供一种终端设备200，包括存储器21、处理器22以及存储在存储器21中并可在处理器22上运行的计算机程序23，处理器22执行计算机程序23时实现上述各实施例的用于电池的预警方法，或阳极电位模型的训练方法。As shown in Figure 12, an embodiment of the present application also provides a terminal device 200, including a memory 21, a processor 22, and a computer program 23 stored in the memory 21 and executable on the processor 22. When the processor 22 executes the computer program 23, the early warning method for the battery or the training method of the anode potential model of the above-mentioned embodiments is implemented.

所述处理器22可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。The processor 22 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

所述存储器21可以是终端设备200的内部存储单元。所述存储器21也可以是终端设备200的外部存储设备，例如终端设备200上配备的插接式硬盘，智能存储卡(Smart Media Card,SMC)，安全数字(Secure Digital,SD)卡，闪存卡(Flash Card)等。进一步地，存储器21还可以既包括终端设备200的内部存储单元也包括外部存储设备。存储器21用于存储计算机程序以及终端设备200所需的其他程序和数据。存储器21还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的数据。The memory 21 may be an internal storage unit of the terminal device 200. The memory 21 may also be an external storage device of the terminal device 200, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), etc. equipped on the terminal device 200. Further, the memory 21 may also include both an internal storage unit of the terminal device 200 and an external storage device. The memory 21 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the terminal device 200. The memory 21 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.

本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述各实施例的用于电池的预警方法，或阳极电位模型的训练方法。An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the early warning method for the battery or the training method of the anode potential model of the above-mentioned embodiments.

本申请实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品，当计算机程序产品在移动终端上运行时，使得移动终端执行时实现上述各实施例的电池的预警方法，或阳极电位模型的训练方法。The embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product. When the computer program product is executed on a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal implements the battery early warning method or the anode potential model training method of the above embodiments.

集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的计算机程序可存储于计算机可读存储介质中，该计算机程序在被处理器执行时，可实现上述各个方法实施例的步骤。其中，计算机程序包括计算机程序代码，计算机程序代码可以为源代码形式、对象代码形式、可执行文件或某些中间形式等。计算机可读存储介质至少可以包括：能够将计算机程序代码携带到拍照装置/终端设备的任何实体或装置、记录介质、计算机存储器、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、电载波信号、电信信号以及软件分发介质。例如U盘、移动硬盘、磁碟或者光盘等。在某些司法管辖区，根据立法和专利实践，计算机可读存储介质不可以是电载波信号和电信信号。If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present application implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method, which can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments can be implemented. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable storage medium may at least include: any entity or device that can carry the computer program code to the camera/terminal device, recording medium, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium. For example, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk. In some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable storage media cannot be electric carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述或记载的部分，可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本申请实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of the present application.

最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。The above are only optional embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

一种用于电池的预警方法，其特征在于，包括：A battery warning method, comprising:

获取电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数；Obtaining a first performance parameter corresponding to a first charging process of the battery;

获取所述电池第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数，所述第一次中间过程为所述第一次充电过程与第二次充电过程之间的过程第二性能参数；Acquire a second performance parameter corresponding to a first intermediate process of the battery, wherein the first intermediate process is a second performance parameter of a process between the first charging process and the second charging process;

根据所述第一性能参数和所述第二性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter.
根据权利要求1所述的预警方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第一性能参数和所述第二性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，包括：The early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that determining the risk level of lithium plating corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter comprises:

根据所述第一性能参数，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量；Determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter;

根据所述第二性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的锂回嵌比例；Determining the lithium reinsertion ratio corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the second performance parameter;

根据所述析锂量和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The lithium deposition risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the lithium deposition amount and the lithium reinsertion ratio.
根据权利要求2所述的预警方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第一性能参数，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，包括：The early warning method according to claim 2, characterized in that determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter comprises:

根据所述第一性能参数得到阳极电位；Obtaining an anode potential according to the first performance parameter;

根据所述第一性能参数确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的临界析锂电位；Determine the critical lithium deposition potential corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the first performance parameter;

根据所述阳极电位和所述临界析锂电位，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential.
根据权利要求3所述的预警方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述阳极电位和所述临界析锂电位，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，包括：The early warning method according to claim 3, characterized in that the step of determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential comprises:

根据所述阳极电位和所述临界析锂电位，确定阳极的极化电位；Determining the polarization potential of the anode according to the anode potential and the critical lithium deposition potential;

基于所述极化电位，确定极化电流；Based on the polarization potential, determining a polarization current;

根据所述极化电流，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the polarization current.
根据权利要求4所述的预警方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述极化电流，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量，包括：The early warning method according to claim 4, characterized in that determining the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery according to the polarization current comprises:

在所述极化电流中，确定所述极化电位小于零时的极化电流；In the polarization current, determining the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero;

根据所述极化电位小于零时的极化电流和所述极化电位小于零时的极化电流对应的充电时长，确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量。The amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery is determined according to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero and the charging time corresponding to the polarization current when the polarization potential is less than zero.
根据权利要求3至5任一项所述的预警方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第一性能参数，得到阳极电位，包括：The early warning method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that obtaining the anode potential according to the first performance parameter comprises:

将所述第一性能参数输入阳极电位模型，得到阳极电位。The first performance parameter is input into the anode potential model to obtain the anode potential.
根据权利要求6所述的预警方法，其特征在于，所述阳极电位模型包括电化学模型和神经网络模型，所述将所述第一性能参数输入阳极电位模型，得到阳极电位，包括：The early warning method according to claim 6, characterized in that the anode potential model includes an electrochemical model and a neural network model, and the inputting the first performance parameter into the anode potential model to obtain the anode potential includes:

将所述第一性能参数输入所述电化学模型和所述神经网络模型中进行预测，得到所述第一性能参数对应的阳极电位。The first performance parameter is input into the electrochemical model and the neural network model for prediction to obtain the anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter.
根据权利要求2至7任一项所述的预警方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述析锂量和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，包括：The early warning method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that determining the lithium deposition risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the lithium deposition amount and the lithium reinsertion ratio comprises:

基于所述第一性能参数确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量；Determine the amount of irreversible lithium in the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter;

根据所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量、所述不可逆锂和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂量；Determine the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first charging process of the battery, the irreversible lithium and the lithium reinsertion ratio;

根据所述电池第一次中间对应的析锂量确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery.
根据权利要求2至7任一项所述的预警方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述析锂量和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度，包括：The early warning method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that determining the lithium deposition risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the lithium deposition amount and the lithium reinsertion ratio comprises:

基于所述第一性能参数确定所述电池第一次充电过程对应的析锂量中的不可逆锂量，并确定所述电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量；Determine the amount of irreversible lithium in the amount of lithium precipitation corresponding to the first charging process of the battery based on the first performance parameter, and determine the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery;

根据所述电池总的充电过程对应的析锂量、所述电池总的充电过程对应的累积的不可逆锂量和所述锂回嵌比例，确定所述电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量；Determine the cumulative amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery according to the amount of lithium deposition corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, the cumulative amount of irreversible lithium corresponding to the total charging process of the battery, and the lithium back-insertion ratio;

根据所述电池总的中间过程对应的累积的析锂量确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The risk level of lithium deposition corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery is determined according to the accumulated lithium deposition amount corresponding to the total intermediate process of the battery.
根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的预警方法，其特征在于，在所述根据所述第一性能参数和所述第二性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度之后，包括：The early warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that after determining the lithium plating risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter, it comprises:

根据所述析锂风险程度生成预警信息。Generate early warning information based on the risk level of lithium plating.
根据权利要求10任一项所述的预警方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述析锂风险程度生成预警信息，包括：The early warning method according to any one of claim 10, characterized in that generating early warning information according to the lithium plating risk degree comprises:

若所述析锂风险程度大于预设阈值，则生成预警信息。If the lithium plating risk level is greater than a preset threshold, a warning message is generated.
一种阳极电位模型的训练方法，应用于权利要求6至11任一项所述的预警方法中，其特征在于，包括：A training method for an anode potential model, applied to the early warning method according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that it comprises:

获取电池的属性数据和测量数据，并根据所述属性数据和测量数据构建电化学模型，所述测量数据包括第一性能参数和所述第一性能参数对应的阳极电位；Acquire property data and measurement data of the battery, and construct an electrochemical model according to the property data and the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes a first performance parameter and an anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter;

基于所述电化学模型进行充放电仿真，得到所述电池的仿真数据，并调节所述电化学模型的模型参数；Performing charge and discharge simulation based on the electrochemical model to obtain simulation data of the battery, and adjusting model parameters of the electrochemical model;

将所述仿真数据作为训练样本，输入神经网络模型，根据所述神经网络模型的输出结果调节神经网络模型的网络参数；Using the simulation data as training samples, inputting them into a neural network model, and adjusting the network parameters of the neural network model according to the output results of the neural network model;

将经过模型参数调节的所述电化学模型和经过网络参数调节的神经网络模型确定为所述阳极电位模型。The electrochemical model adjusted by model parameters and the neural network model adjusted by network parameters are determined as the anode potential model.
一种电池的预警装置，其特征在于，包括：A battery warning device, characterized by comprising:

第一获取模块，用于获取电池第一次充电过程对应的第一性能参数；A first acquisition module, used to acquire a first performance parameter corresponding to a first charging process of the battery;

第二获取模块，用于获取所述电池第一次中间过程对应的第二性能参数，所述第一次中间过程为所述第一次充电过程与第二次充电过程之间的过程；A second acquisition module, used to acquire a second performance parameter corresponding to a first intermediate process of the battery, wherein the first intermediate process is a process between the first charging process and the second charging process;

第一确定模块，用于根据所述第一性能参数和所述第二性能参数，确定所述电池第一次中间过程对应的析锂风险程度。The first determination module is used to determine the lithium plating risk level corresponding to the first intermediate process of the battery according to the first performance parameter and the second performance parameter.
一种阳极电位模型的训练装置，应用于权利要求6至11任一项所述的预警方法中，其特征在于，包括：A training device for an anode potential model, applied to the early warning method according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that it comprises:

第三获取模块，用于获取电池的属性数据和测量数据，并根据所述属性数据和测量数据构建电化学模型，所述测量数据包括第一性能参数和所述第一性能参数对应的阳极电位；a third acquisition module, configured to acquire property data and measurement data of the battery, and construct an electrochemical model according to the property data and the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes a first performance parameter and an anode potential corresponding to the first performance parameter;

仿真模块，用于基于所述电化学模型进行充放电仿真，得到所述电池的仿真数据，并调节所述电化学模型的模型参数；A simulation module, used to perform charge and discharge simulation based on the electrochemical model, obtain simulation data of the battery, and adjust model parameters of the electrochemical model;

调节模块，用于将所述仿真数据作为训练样本，输入神经网络模型，根据所述神经网络模型的输出结果调节神经网络模型的网络参数；An adjustment module, used to input the simulation data as training samples into a neural network model, and adjust network parameters of the neural network model according to output results of the neural network model;

第二确定模块，用于将经过模型参数调节的所述电化学模型和经过网络参数调节的神经网络模型确定为所述阳极电位模型。The second determination module is used to determine the electrochemical model adjusted by model parameters and the neural network model adjusted by network parameters as the anode potential model.
一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求1至11任一项所述的电池的预警方法，或如权利要求12所述的阳极电位模型的训练方法。A terminal device, characterized in that it includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the battery early warning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, or the anode potential model training method as described in claim 12.
一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至11任一项所述的电池的预警方法，或如权利要求12所述的阳极电位模型的训练方法。A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the battery early warning method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, or the anode potential model training method as described in claim 12.