CN113608130B - Online estimation method for state of charge of battery cluster - Google Patents
Online estimation method for state of charge of battery cluster Download PDFInfo
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- CN113608130B CN113608130B CN202110903508.2A CN202110903508A CN113608130B CN 113608130 B CN113608130 B CN 113608130B CN 202110903508 A CN202110903508 A CN 202110903508A CN 113608130 B CN113608130 B CN 113608130B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical group [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online estimation method of the state of charge of a battery cluster, which comprises the following steps: step S1, calculating the charge state of the cell stack to which each single cell belongs by using the charge state of the single cell calculated in real time; and step S2, calculating the charge state of each battery cluster in the battery stack by using the charge state of the battery stack and the charge state of each single battery calculated in real time. The method firstly calculates the charge state of the single battery by using the voltage and current data of the battery acquired in real time, then calculates the charge state of the battery stack, and finally calculates the charge state of the battery cluster in the battery stack by combining the charge state of the single battery and the charge state of the battery stack, thereby realizing the real-time grading calculation of the charge state of the battery stack, the charge state of the battery cluster and the charge state of the single battery, improving the calculation precision of the charge state of the battery cluster, obtaining a smooth charge state curve, and simultaneously leading the running states of the battery stack and the battery cluster to be full or empty along with the full or empty state of the single battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to an online estimation method for the state of charge of a battery cluster.
Background
In recent years, the application scale of lithium ion batteries in energy storage power stations has increased explosively, and a Battery Management System (BMS) operating in cooperation with the lithium ion batteries is responsible for managing the charging and discharging states and the use safety of the batteries. The State of charge (SOC) of a battery is a physical quantity that directly reflects the energy State of the battery, and is an important parameter for battery charge/discharge management and safety control.
The battery system of the energy storage power station generally comprises a plurality of single batteries which are connected in series and in parallel to form a battery cluster, and a plurality of battery clusters are connected in parallel to form a battery stack and then are connected into the same converter to form an energy storage unit. When the energy storage power station operates, the monitoring system regulates the power of the converter according to the charge state of the cell stack and the charge state of the cell cluster, so that the power is matched with a power grid dispatching instruction. Therefore, the detection accuracy of the state of charge of the cell stack and the state of charge of the cell cluster is high and low, and the method becomes an important index influencing the running state of the energy storage system.
At present, the BMS of an energy storage power station generally calculates the state of charge of a cell stack or a cell cluster by simply taking the average value of the state of charge of a single cell, or calculates the cell cluster or the cell stack as a whole as a single cell. The two calculation schemes have the problems that the charge state of a battery stack and the charge state of a battery cluster are stepped, and the battery stack or the battery cluster cannot be fully charged or discharged when a single battery is fully charged or discharged, so that the calculation accuracy of the charge state of the battery stack or the battery cluster is low, and the performance of an energy storage power station is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an online estimation method for the charge state of a battery cluster, aiming at improving the calculation accuracy of the charge state of a battery stack and the charge state of the battery cluster and maximizing the performance of an energy storage power station.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for estimating the state of charge of the battery cluster on line comprises the following steps:
step S1, calculating the charge state of the battery pile to which each single battery belongs by using the charge state of the single battery calculated in real time;
step S2, calculating the state of charge of each cell cluster in the cell stack by using the state of charge of the cell stack and the state of charge of each single cell calculated in real time, where the state of charge of a cell cluster is calculated by the following formula (1):
in the formula (1), SOCccRepresenting a state of charge of the battery cluster to be calculated;
SOCc2maxrepresenting a maximum cell state of charge in the battery cluster;
SOCc2avgrepresenting a mean value of the states of charge of the cells in the battery cluster;
SOCc2minrepresenting a minimum state of charge of a monomer in the battery cluster;
SOCcc0a state of charge of the battery cluster representing a last calculation cycle of a current calculation cycle;
SOCcsa state of charge of the stack representing a current calculation cycle;
Uccmaxrepresenting the maximum value of the single voltage in the battery cluster in the current calculation period;
Uccminrepresenting the minimum value of the single voltage in the battery cluster in the current calculation period;
Uuprepresenting a cell voltage upper threshold of the cell;
Udownrepresenting a cell voltage lower threshold of the cell;
Iccrepresenting the current of the battery cluster for the current calculation cycle.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the state of charge of the cell stack is calculated by the following formula (2):
in the formula (2), SOCcsRepresenting the state of charge of the stack to be calculated;
SOCc1maxrepresenting a cell state-of-charge maximum in the stack over a current calculation period;
SOCc1avgrepresenting the average value of the cell state of charge in the cell stack in the current calculation period;
SOCc1minrepresenting a cell state-of-charge minimum in the stack during a current calculation cycle;
SOCcs0a state of charge of the stack representing a previous calculation cycle of a current calculation cycle;
Ucsmaxrepresenting a cell voltage maximum in the cell stack in a current calculation cycle;
Ucsminrepresenting a cell voltage minimum in the cell stack in a current calculation cycle;
Uuprepresenting a cell voltage upper threshold of the cell;
Udownrepresenting a cell voltage lower threshold of the cell;
Icsrepresenting the stack current for the current calculation cycle.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the state of charge of each of the unit cells is calculated by the following equation (3):
SOCc＝SOCc0+ΔSOCc+SOCc1formula (3)
In the formula (3), SOCcRepresenting the state of charge of the single battery to be calculated;
SOCc0representing the initial value of the state of charge of the single battery;
ΔSOCcrepresenting the state of charge change value of the single battery in charge and discharge;
SOCc1a correction value representing a cell state of charge calculation.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, Δ SOCcCalculated by the following formula (4):
ΔSOCc＝η×(∑t×I(t))/C0formula (4)
In the formula (4), η is the coulombic efficiency of the single battery;
C0the rated capacity of the single battery is set;
t represents a current sampling period of the single battery;
i (t) represents the battery current of the single battery in a t sampling period.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, η ═ 0.9999.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, SOCc1Calculated by the following formula (4):
SOCc1formula (4) is No. SOCc2-SOCc (t)
In formula (4), socc (t) is a state of charge display value of the unit cell at the t charge time or t discharge time;
SOCc2 is a single battery state of charge standard value corresponding to SOCc (t), and SOCc2 corresponds to the current single battery current by comparisonCharging SOC ofc-V standard curve or discharge SOCc-V standard curve.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, if the single battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery, the upper limit of the cell voltage of the single battery is set to be UupIs 3.49V;
setting a cell voltage lower limit threshold U of the celldownIt was 2.9V.
The method firstly calculates the charge state of the single battery by using the voltage and current data of the battery acquired in real time, then calculates the charge state of the battery stack, and finally calculates the charge state of the battery cluster in the battery stack by combining the charge state of the single battery and the charge state of the battery stack, thereby realizing the real-time grading calculation of the charge state of the battery stack, the charge state of the battery cluster and the charge state of the single battery, improving the calculation precision of the charge state of the battery cluster, obtaining a smooth charge state curve, and simultaneously leading the running states of the battery stack and the battery cluster to be full or empty along with the full or empty state of the single battery.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating implementation steps of a method for estimating a state of charge of a battery cluster on line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of a process for calculating a state of charge of a battery cluster;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a typical architecture of an energy storage power station battery system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a series connection of unit cells in a cell box;
FIG. 5 is a charge SOC of a single battery at different currentsc-a schematic diagram of a V standard curve;
FIG. 6 is discharge SOC of unit cell at different currentsc-V markA schematic diagram of a quasi-curve;
fig. 7 is a diagram for verifying the effect of the online state of charge estimation method provided by the embodiment of the invention applied to an energy storage system matched with a photovoltaic power station.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not indicated or implied that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and the specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" or the like, if appearing to indicate a connection relationship between the components, is to be understood broadly, for example, as being fixed or detachable or integral; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through one or more other components or may be in an interactive relationship with one another. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 3 shows a typical architecture diagram of an energy storage plant battery system. As shown in fig. 3, the battery system of the energy storage power station comprises a battery box (in fig. 3, "battery box 1-1 #" "battery box 1-2 #" "battery box 1-N #" "battery box N-1 #" "battery box N-2 #" "battery box N-N #" is a battery box in a battery cluster, and is formed by connecting single batteries in series, as shown in fig. 4, "battery box 1-1# -battery box 1-N #" forms a battery cluster, and a plurality of battery clusters form a battery stack), and a BMS, wherein the BMS comprises three levels, namely a single battery management module, a battery cluster management module and a battery stack management module, the single battery management module manages corresponding single batteries, and can be used for calculating the state of charge SOC of the corresponding single batteriescThe battery cluster management module manages the corresponding battery cluster and can be used for calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the corresponding battery clusterccThe stack management module manages the corresponding stack and can be used for calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the corresponding stackcs. The single battery management module, the battery cluster management module and the battery stack management module mutually transmit the acquired battery voltage, current and charge state information through a communication system.
The following description will be made of a specific implementation of the online estimation method for the state of charge of a battery cluster, which is provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by taking an energy storage system of a lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, where the online estimation method includes:
step S1, calculating the charge state of the cell stack to which each single cell belongs by using the charge state of the single cell calculated in real time;
the charge state of the single battery is calculated according to the voltage and the current of the single battery collected in real time and by the following formula (1):
SOCc＝SOCc0+ΔSOCc+SOCc1formula (1)
In the formula (1), SOCcRepresenting the state of charge of the single battery to be calculated;
SOCc0indicating an initial value of the state of charge of the cell, the initial value SOCc0Obtaining the initial storage in the single battery tube by looking up a table according to an open-circuit voltage method or calculating the charge state of the single batteryManaging the stored value in the module memory;
ΔSOCcindicating the change value of the state of charge of the single battery during charging and discharging, the change value delta SOCcCalculated by the following formula (2):
ΔSOCc＝η×(∑t×I(t))/C0formula (2)
In the formula (2), η is the coulombic efficiency of the single battery; in this example, η is 0.9999.
C0The rated capacity of the single battery is set;
t represents the current sampling period of the single battery;
and I (t) represents the battery current of the single battery in a t sampling period.
SOCc1Correction value representing state of charge calculation of single battery, correction value SOCc1When the charging voltage of the single battery reaches the upper limit threshold value of 3.49V or the discharging voltage reaches the lower limit threshold value of 2.9V, the current SOC of the single batteryc(t) value and SOC of charge at present Battery Currentc-V standard curve or discharge SOCcComparing the V standard curve to obtain a standard value SOCc2 of the single battery state of charge under the current battery current and a corrected value SOCc1Can be calculated by the following formula (3):
SOCc1formula (3) of SOCc2-SOCc (t)
In formula (3), socc (t) is a state of charge display value of the unit cell at the t charge time or t discharge time;
SOCc2 is a single battery state of charge standard value corresponding to SOCc (t), and SOCc2 compares the current corresponding charging SOCc-V standard curve or discharge SOCcV standard curve (charging SOC at different currents)c-V standard curve and discharge SOCc-V standard curve referring to fig. 5 and 6, "0.1C", "0.2C" … … "2.0C" in fig. 5 and 6 is the battery charge or discharge rate). Here, as shown in fig. 5 or fig. 6, the same voltage may correspond to SOCs with different currents (the currents of the single batteries with different charge and discharge rates are usually different under the same voltage), that is, one voltage pairMultiple SOCs are needed, so that one SOC needs to be selected according to current determinationc-V standard curve, and then determining SOCc from the voltage V.
In this embodiment, the state of charge of the stack is calculated by the following formula (4):
in equation (4), SOCcsRepresenting the state of charge of the stack to be calculated;
SOCc1maxrepresenting the maximum cell state of charge (maximum cell state of charge) in the cell stack in the current calculation period;
SOCc1avgrepresenting the average value of the cell state of charge in the cell stack in the current calculation period;
SOCc1minrepresenting the minimum value of the state of charge of the cell in the cell stack in the current calculation period;
SOCcs0representing the state of charge of the stack for a previous calculation cycle of the current calculation cycle;
Ucsmaxrepresents the maximum cell voltage (cell voltage) in the cell stack in the current calculation cycle;
Ucsminrepresenting the minimum value of the cell voltage in the cell stack in the current calculation period;
Uupindicating the upper limit threshold of the cell voltage of the cell (when the cell is a lithium iron phosphate battery, the upper limit threshold U of the cell voltage of the cell is setup3.49V);
Udownindicating the lower limit of the cell voltage of the cell (when the cell is a lithium iron phosphate battery, the lower limit of the cell voltage of the cell is set to Udown2.9V);
Icsrepresenting the stack current for the current calculation cycle.
Step S2, calculating the state of charge of each cell cluster in the stack by the following equation (5) using the state of charge of the stack and the states of charge of each cell calculated in real time,
in equation (5), SOCccRepresenting the state of charge of the battery cluster to be calculated;
SOCc2maxrepresents the maximum cell state of charge (maximum cell state of charge) in the battery cluster;
SOCc2avgrepresents the average value of the state of charge of the cells in the battery cluster;
SOCc2minrepresenting the minimum value of the charge state of a monomer in the battery cluster;
SOCcc0representing the state of charge of the battery cluster of the previous calculation period of the current calculation period;
SOCcsrepresenting the state of charge of the stack for the current calculation cycle;
Uccmaxrepresenting the maximum value of the single voltage in the battery cluster (the maximum value of the single voltage) in the current calculation period;
Uccminrepresenting the minimum value of the single voltage in the battery cluster in the current calculation period;
Uupindicating the upper limit threshold of the cell voltage of the cell (when the cell is a lithium iron phosphate battery, the upper limit threshold U of the cell voltage of the cell is setup3.49V);
Udownindicating the lower limit of the cell voltage of the cell (when the cell is a lithium iron phosphate battery, the lower limit of the cell voltage of the cell is set to Udown2.9V);
Iccrepresenting the current of the battery cluster for the current calculation cycle.
Fig. 7 shows an effect verification diagram of the online state of charge estimation method provided by the embodiment of the invention applied to an energy storage system matched with a photovoltaic power station. As can be seen from fig. 7, the stack state-of-charge curve and the cluster state-of-charge curve formed by comparing the stack state-of-charge curve and the cluster state-of-charge curve formed by the calculated stack state-of-charge and the cluster state-of-charge with the state-of-charge display value of the BMS are smoother, and the problem that the stack state-of-charge and the cluster state-of-charge are stepped easily in the conventional stack or cluster state-of-charge calculation method is solved. In addition, the method combines the maximum value, the average value and the minimum value of the single battery state of charge and the maximum value and the minimum value of the single battery voltage to calculate the state of charge of the battery pack and the battery pile, and solves the problems that the battery pack or the battery pack cannot be fully charged or discharged and the calculation accuracy of the state of charge is low when the single battery is fully charged or discharged.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and the technical principles applied thereto. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, equivalents, changes, and the like can be made to the present invention. However, such variations are within the scope of the invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the invention. In addition, certain terms used in the specification and claims of the present application are not limiting, but are used merely for convenience of description.
Claims (6)
1. The method for estimating the state of charge of the battery cluster on line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, calculating the state of charge of the cell stack to which each of the single cells belongs by using the state of charge of the single cells calculated in real time, where the state of charge of the cell stack is calculated by the following formula (2):
in the formula (2), SOCcsRepresenting the state of charge of the stack to be calculated;
SOCc1maxrepresenting a cell state-of-charge maximum in the stack over a current calculation period;
SOCc1avgrepresenting the average value of the cell state of charge in the cell stack in the current calculation period;
SOCc1minrepresenting a cell state-of-charge minimum in the stack during a current calculation cycle;
SOCcs0a state of charge of the stack representing a previous calculation cycle of a current calculation cycle;
Ucsmaxrepresenting a cell voltage maximum in the cell stack in a current calculation cycle;
Ucsminrepresenting a cell voltage minimum in the cell stack in a current calculation cycle;
Uuprepresenting a cell voltage upper threshold of the cell;
Udownrepresenting a cell voltage lower threshold of the cell;
Icsa stack current representing a current calculation cycle;
step S2, calculating the state of charge of each cell cluster in the cell stack by using the state of charge of the cell stack and the state of charge of each single cell calculated in real time, where the state of charge of a cell cluster is calculated by the following formula (1):
in the formula (1), SOCccRepresenting a state of charge of the battery cluster to be calculated;
SOCc2maxrepresenting a maximum cell state of charge in the battery cluster;
SOCc2avgrepresenting a mean value of the states of charge of the cells in the battery cluster;
SOCc2minrepresenting a minimum state of charge of a monomer in the battery cluster;
SOCcc0a state of charge of the battery cluster representing a last calculation cycle of a current calculation cycle;
SOCcsa state of charge of the stack representing a current calculation cycle;
Uccmaxrepresenting the maximum value of the single voltage in the battery cluster in the current calculation period;
Uccminrepresenting the minimum value of the single voltage in the battery cluster in the current calculation period;
Uuprepresenting a cell voltage upper threshold of the cell;
Udownrepresenting a cell voltage lower threshold of the cell;
Iccrepresenting the current of the battery cluster for the current calculation cycle.
2. The method for estimating the state of charge of a battery cluster on line according to claim 1, wherein the state of charge of each single battery is calculated by the following formula (3):
SOCc＝SOCc0+ΔSOCc+SOCc1formula (3)
In the formula (3), SOCcRepresenting the state of charge of the single battery to be calculated;
SOCc0representing the initial value of the state of charge of the single battery;
ΔSOCcrepresenting the state of charge change value of the single battery in charge and discharge;
SOCc1a correction value representing a cell state of charge calculation.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein Δ SOC is an on-line estimation of the state of charge of the battery clustercCalculated by the following formula (4):
ΔSOCc＝η×(∑t×I(t))/C0formula (4)
In the formula (4), η is the coulombic efficiency of the single battery;
C0the rated capacity of the single battery is set;
t represents a current sampling period of the single battery;
i (t) represents the battery current of the single battery in a t sampling period.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein η is 0.9999.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the SOC is estimated on linec1Calculated by the following formula (5):
SOCc1formula (5) SOCc2-SOCc (t)
In formula (5), socc (t) is a state of charge display value of the unit cell at the t charge time or t discharge time;
SOCc2 is a single battery state of charge standard value corresponding to SOCc (t), and SOCc2 compares the current corresponding charging SOCcStandard curve or discharge SOCc-a standard curve, V representing the voltage of the cell.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein if the single battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery, setting a cell voltage upper threshold U of the single batteryupIs 3.49V;
setting a cell voltage lower limit threshold U of the celldownIt was 2.9V.
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