CN111077456A - Nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111077456A CN111077456A CN201911359012.2A CN201911359012A CN111077456A CN 111077456 A CN111077456 A CN 111077456A CN 201911359012 A CN201911359012 A CN 201911359012A CN 111077456 A CN111077456 A CN 111077456A
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: s1, charging a flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested to a set state, and then standing; s2, in the charging process and the standing process, acquiring the thickness of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested in real time, and drawing a thickness curve graph of the thickness changing along with time; and S3, if the thickness curve graph shows that the thickness is reduced firstly along with the time and then is kept stable, judging that the lithium separation phenomenon exists in the flexible package lithium ion battery to be detected. According to the invention, whether the lithium ion battery is subjected to lithium analysis or not can be analyzed in a nondestructive manner only according to the collected thickness curve of the flexible package lithium ion battery, the operation is simple and easy to understand, the operation is convenient and quick, the judgment accuracy is improved, and a user does not need to disassemble a battery core in the battery, so that the safety is improved; the method can be used as the basis for analyzing the battery failure in the battery aging process, and can also provide the basis for optimizing the battery design and the charging method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is always concerned by various industries as a new energy technology, and has been widely applied in the field of 3C electronic products such as mobile phones and notebook computers by virtue of the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life and the like, and the lithium ion battery industry is a cross industry among three major industries of new energy, new energy automobiles and new materials which are mainly developed in China, and is a rapidly-developed green channel in recent years. With the progress of science and technology and the increasingly severe market competition, the performance requirements of the lithium ion battery are more and more strict, and the main trend is to require the lithium ion battery to have the characteristics of higher energy density, more excellent rate capability, long cycle life, good safety performance and the like.
The quick charging performance of the lithium ion battery is an important index of the current market demand, the quick charging performance is closely related to whether the battery separates lithium or not, the lithium separation can be caused on the surface of a negative electrode due to the overlarge charging rate, the performance of the battery capacity and the cycle life can be seriously influenced due to the separation of lithium dendrites, and certain safety risks also exist. Therefore, in the process of designing the battery, whether lithium precipitation occurs on the surface of the negative electrode of the battery is identified, and the method has very important significance for the aging failure analysis of the battery and the optimization of the battery design and charging method.
The current method for detecting lithium separation of the lithium ion battery comprises a disassembly method and nondestructive detection. The disassembly method belongs to a destructive detection method, namely, a lithium ion battery is disassembled, and then whether metal lithium is separated out on the surface of a negative electrode is observed by naked eyes, the method cannot perform subsequent analysis and test after the battery is disassembled, more importantly, in the disassembly process of the battery, serious potential safety hazards exist, safety accidents are easy to happen due to improper operation or poor production environment, property loss is caused, and even the personal safety of workers is damaged.
At present, the disassembly method is gradually replaced by nondestructive testing, and the nondestructive testing can obtain the lithium precipitation condition of the battery without irreversible disassembly of the battery. For example, CN102818998A discloses a method for detecting lithium deposition of a lithium ion power battery, which comprises detecting a voltage between a metal shell and a negative terminal of a lithium ion power battery to be detected by a detection tool to determine whether lithium deposition occurs inside the lithium ion power battery; and when the voltage between the metal shell and the negative electrode terminal of the lithium ion power battery to be measured is measured to be higher than 2V, it can be known that no lithium is separated in the lithium ion power battery, and otherwise, lithium is separated. The invention can judge whether the lithium ion power battery has lithium separation or not by detecting the voltage between the negative terminal of the battery and the metal shell of the battery by using a detection tool. The detection method for lithium separation of the battery provided by CN108872859A includes: after the battery charging is finished, standing the battery; collecting a voltage curve of the battery in a standing process; and when the voltage curve comprises a platform interval or a rebound interval, determining that the battery separates lithium. According to the technical scheme, whether the lithium is separated from the battery cell can be judged only according to the acquired voltage curve. CN110058170A discloses a lithium ion battery lithium analysis nondestructive characterization method, which comprises the following steps: discharging the battery to be detected to 3.0V at constant current at normal temperature, and standing for the first time; charging the battery after the first standing to 4.2V by constant current, and then standing for the second time; collecting the change data of the voltage of the battery to be detected in real time within the second standing time period, and drawing a voltage change curve chart along with time according to the change data of the voltage of the battery; and if the secondary voltage drop of the battery to be detected occurs in the second standing time period, judging that the lithium separation phenomenon occurs in the battery to be detected. CN109655760A discloses a nondestructive testing method for lithium ion batteries, which comprises the following steps: charging process, electrochemical excitation process and analysis process of the battery to be tested. The method judges whether the lithium is separated from the interior of the battery according to the change condition of the alternating current impedance of the lithium ion battery along with time in the electrochemical excitation process, and when the alternating current impedance has the phenomenon of step along with time, the lithium separation of the lithium ion battery to be tested is shown in the charging process.
The above detection methods can all reflect the lithium separation condition inside the lithium ion battery under a lossless condition, but in the process of implementing the embodiments of the present application, the inventors of the present application find that the lithium separation condition of the lithium ion battery is obtained by obtaining appropriate electrical parameters and then analyzing the electrical parameters without disassembling the lithium ion battery. However, no nondestructive testing method for identifying lithium by detecting the thickness change of the lithium ion battery with flexible package has been reported.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of a lithium ion battery.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
s1, charging a flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested to a set state, and then standing;
s2, in the charging process and the standing process, acquiring the thickness of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested in real time, and drawing a thickness curve graph of the thickness changing along with time;
and S3, if the thickness curve graph shows that the thickness is reduced firstly along with the time and then is kept stable, judging that the lithium separation phenomenon exists in the flexible package lithium ion battery to be detected.
Further, the charging is constant current charging.
Further, the charging to the set state is charging to a set charge cut-off voltage.
Further, before the step S1, the method further includes: and (4) standing the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested after constant current discharge.
Further, in the step S2, in the charging process and the standing process, the method further includes collecting the voltage of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested in real time, and drawing a voltage curve graph of the voltage changing with time.
Further, the thickness profile and the voltage profile are plotted in the same coordinate system.
Further, the interval time of the acquisition thickness is the same as the interval time of the acquisition voltage.
Further, the temperature of the charging process and the temperature of the standing process are the same and are both constant temperature conditions.
Further, the temperature error of the constant temperature condition is ± 2 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, whether the lithium ion battery is subjected to lithium analysis or not can be analyzed in a nondestructive manner only according to the collected thickness curve of the flexible package lithium ion battery, the operation is simple and easy to understand, the operation is convenient and quick, the judgment accuracy is improved, and a user does not need to disassemble a battery core in the battery, so that the safety is improved; the method can be used as the basis for analyzing the battery failure in the battery aging process, and can also provide the basis for optimizing the battery design and the charging method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of charging current and voltage versus time in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a thickness profile and a voltage profile of example 1 of the present invention during the charging process and the standing process;
FIG. 3 is a graph of thickness and voltage during the charging process and the resting process of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a thickness profile and a voltage profile of example 3 of the present invention during the charging process and the resting process;
fig. 5 is an exploded view of a lithium ion battery in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The raw materials and equipment used in the invention are common raw materials and equipment in the field if not specified; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Unless otherwise defined, terms used in the present specification have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art, but in case of conflict, the definitions in the present specification shall control.
The use of "including," "comprising," "containing," "having," or other variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the non-exclusive inclusion, as such terms are not to be construed. The term "comprising" means that other steps and ingredients can be added that do not affect the end result. The term "comprising" also includes the terms "consisting of …" and "consisting essentially of …". The compositions and methods/processes of the present invention comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described herein.
All numbers or expressions referring to quantities of ingredients, process conditions, etc. used in the specification and claims are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term "about". All ranges directed to the same component or property are inclusive of the endpoints, and independently combinable. Because these ranges are continuous, they include every value between the minimum and maximum values. It should also be understood that any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges within that range.
A nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
s1, charging a flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested to a set state, and then standing;
wherein the charging is constant current charging. The charging to the set state is charging to a set charging cut-off voltage.
In the invention, the nondestructive testing of lithium analysis can be carried out by adopting the method of the invention by taking the charging parameters such as the charge cut-off voltage, the charge multiplying power, the charge temperature and the like of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested as variables. The detection method can obtain the proper charging condition of the lithium ion battery, and provides a basis for battery failure analysis and rapid charging parameters in the aging process of the lithium ion battery.
Specifically, during charging, the charging rate of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested can be used as a variable, charging is carried out according to the preset charging rate, and nondestructive testing of lithium analysis is carried out by adopting the method provided by the invention. In the embodiment of the invention, different charging multiplying powers can be set for the flexible package lithium ion batteries with different models or different composition structures. By way of example, but not limitation, the charging rate is taken as a variable, and 0.5C, 0.7C, and 1C are taken as the charging rates, respectively.
During charging, the charge cut-off voltage of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be detected can be used as a variable, charging is carried out according to the preset charge cut-off voltage, and the nondestructive detection of lithium analysis is carried out by adopting the method. In the embodiment of the invention, different charging cut-off voltages can be set for flexible package lithium ion batteries with different models or different composition structures. For example, the charge cut-off voltage is a variable, and the charge cut-off voltages are 4.0V, 4.1V, and 4.2V, respectively.
Resting is understood to mean that the battery is neither charged nor discharged, and is in a non-operating state.
The standing time in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a standing time known to those skilled in the art, for example, the standing time may be 2 hours, and it is understood that the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be other standing times which are not listed in the present embodiment but known to those skilled in the art.
S2, in the charging process and the standing process, acquiring the thickness of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested in real time, and drawing a thickness curve graph of the thickness changing along with time;
in the invention, the device for acquiring the thickness of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be detected in real time is not particularly limited, and can be directly purchased in the market as long as automatic continuous counting is realized and the precision is high, and the structure of the device is not described in detail. Preferably, the device may be Mitutoyo ID-C112XB, measuring in the range of 0.001mm to 12.7mm, but is not limited thereto.
It should be noted that the thickness of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be measured refers to the thickness between two surfaces with the largest area of the flexible package lithium ion battery.
And S3, if the thickness curve graph shows that the thickness is reduced firstly along with the time and then is kept stable, judging that the lithium separation phenomenon exists in the flexible package lithium ion battery to be detected.
More specifically, whether the phenomenon that the thickness is reduced firstly along with time and then kept stable occurs in the process of standing after charging is finished in the thickness curve graph is analyzed, and if the phenomenon occurs, the phenomenon that the lithium ion battery with the flexible package to be tested has a lithium separation phenomenon is judged; if the phenomenon does not occur, the lithium ion battery with the flexible package to be tested is judged to be normal.
In the present invention, before step S1, the method further includes: and (4) standing the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested after constant current discharge.
As a further improvement, in the step S2, in the charging process and the standing process, the method further includes collecting the voltage of the lithium ion battery with the flexible package to be tested in real time, and drawing a voltage curve graph of the voltage along with the time change.
It is understood that in the present invention, the voltage of the battery has the highest value at the end of charging, the charging current is zero during rest, and the voltage will drop to some extent due to the polarization.
In the present invention, the thickness profile and the voltage profile are plotted in the same coordinate system.
In the invention, in the charging process and the standing process, the voltage and the thickness of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested are collected in real time, a thickness curve graph and a voltage curve graph are drawn in the same coordinate system, and the change of the thickness in the standing process after the charging is finished can be monitored and analyzed more intuitively through comparison analysis, so that whether the phenomenon that the thickness is reduced firstly along with the time and then is kept stable or not can be judged more accurately.
In the invention, the interval time of the acquisition thickness is the same as the interval time of the acquisition voltage. In the present invention, the interval time of the collecting thickness and the interval time of the collecting voltage are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the interval time according to actual needs, for example, the interval time may be 5s, but is not limited thereto, and may also be 10s, or other time lengths.
In the invention, the temperature of the charging process and the temperature of the standing process are the same and are both constant temperature conditions. The temperature error of the constant temperature condition is +/-2 ℃.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the flexible package lithium ion battery of 2.28Ah-435573 as the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested, discharging the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested to 2.5V at 0.2C, and standing for 10 min;
s2, charging the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested to a set charging cut-off voltage of 4.2V at a constant current of 0.5C, and then standing for 2 h;
s2, in the charging process and the standing process, acquiring the thickness and the voltage of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested in real time, and drawing a thickness curve graph of the thickness changing along with time and a voltage curve graph of the voltage changing along with time in the same coordinate system;
and S3, if the phenomenon that the thickness is reduced firstly along with time and then kept stable occurs in the process of standing after the charging is finished in the thickness curve graph, judging that the lithium separation phenomenon exists in the flexible package lithium ion battery to be detected.
And the interval time of the acquisition thickness is the same as the interval time of the acquisition voltage and is 6S.
The temperature of the charging process and the temperature of the standing process are the same and are both constant temperature conditions, and the temperature of the constant temperature conditions is 25 +/-2 ℃.
Example 2
Based on example 1, the difference is only that in step S2, the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested is charged to the set charge cut-off voltage of 4.2V at a constant current of 0.7C, and then left standing for 2 h.
Example 3
Based on example 1, the difference is only that in step S2, the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested is charged to the set charge cut-off voltage of 4.2V at a constant current of 1C, and then left for 2 h.
Fig. 2 is a thickness curve diagram and a voltage curve diagram provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the thickness of the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested gradually increases with the constant current charging, and after charging to a cut-off voltage of 4.2V, the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery is allowed to stand for 2 hours, during the standing period, the voltage decreases to a certain extent due to the influence of polarization, and the thickness of the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested is basically maintained unchanged, which indicates that no lithium is precipitated on the surface of the negative electrode for charging the battery under the charging condition of the charging rate.
Fig. 3 is a thickness curve and a voltage curve provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, after the charging rate is charged to 4.2V, the thickness of the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested is basically kept unchanged during a standing period, which indicates that the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested is charged to 4.2V at 0.7C in a temperature environment of 25 ℃, and no lithium precipitation occurs at a negative electrode.
Fig. 4 is a thickness curve and a voltage curve provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, after the charging rate is charged to 4.2V, the thickness of the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested first decreases and then gradually remains stable during the standing period, which illustrates that under the charging condition, metallic lithium is precipitated on the surface of the negative electrode.
Under the condition, the flexible package lithium ion batteries of examples 1 to 3 were disassembled, and the lithium deposition condition inside the batteries was determined, the disassembling result is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that there is a grayish white substance on the surface of the negative electrode, which is the result of the reaction after the metal lithium deposition on the surface of the negative electrode, i.e. when the charging rate is 0.5C and 0.7C, no lithium deposition occurs during charging, and when the charging rate is 1C, lithium deposition occurs on the surface of the charged negative electrode, and the disassembling result is the same as the nondestructive test result in this example. As can be seen from this, the nondestructive testing method according to the present embodiment can accurately reflect the lithium deposition inside the lithium ion battery.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description is more specific and detailed, but not understood as the limitation of the patent scope of the present invention, but all the technical solutions obtained by using the equivalent substitution or the equivalent transformation should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, charging a flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested to a set state, and then standing;
s2, in the charging process and the standing process, acquiring the thickness of the flexible package lithium ion battery to be tested in real time, and drawing a thickness curve graph of the thickness changing along with time;
and S3, if the thickness curve graph shows that the thickness is reduced firstly along with the time and then is kept stable, judging that the lithium separation phenomenon exists in the flexible package lithium ion battery to be detected.
2. The lithium ion battery lithium deposition nondestructive testing method according to claim 1, wherein the charging is constant current charging.
3. The method for nondestructive testing of lithium ion battery lithium deposition according to claim 1, wherein the charging to the set state is charging to a set charge cut-off voltage.
4. The lithium ion battery lithium deposition nondestructive testing method of claim 1, further comprising, before the step S1: and (4) standing the flexibly packaged lithium ion battery to be tested after constant current discharge.
5. The lithium ion battery lithium analysis nondestructive testing method of claim 1, wherein in the step S2, during the charging process and the standing process, the method further comprises collecting the voltage of the lithium ion battery with the flexible package to be tested in real time, and plotting a voltage curve graph of the voltage with time.
6. The lithium ion battery lithium deposition nondestructive testing method of claim 5, wherein the thickness graph and the voltage graph are plotted in the same coordinate system.
7. The lithium ion battery lithium deposition nondestructive testing method according to claim 5, wherein the time interval between the acquisition thicknesses is the same as the time interval between the acquisition voltages.
8. The nondestructive testing method for lithium separation of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the temperature during the charging process and the temperature during the standing process are the same and are both constant temperature conditions.
9. The lithium ion battery lithium deposition nondestructive testing method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature error under the constant temperature condition is ± 2 ℃.
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WO2023070335A1 (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-05-04 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | Method for detecting lithium plating of electrochemical apparatus, and system and electrochemical apparatus |
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