WO2022230839A1 - ベーカリーミックスの製造方法 - Google Patents
ベーカリーミックスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022230839A1 WO2022230839A1 PCT/JP2022/018798 JP2022018798W WO2022230839A1 WO 2022230839 A1 WO2022230839 A1 WO 2022230839A1 JP 2022018798 W JP2022018798 W JP 2022018798W WO 2022230839 A1 WO2022230839 A1 WO 2022230839A1
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- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- flour
- mass
- bakery
- pregelatinized
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D10/00—Batters, dough or mixtures before baking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/40—Products characterised by the type, form or use
- A21D13/44—Pancakes or crêpes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/60—Deep-fried products, e.g. doughnuts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/80—Pastry not otherwise provided for elsewhere, e.g. cakes, biscuits or cookies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D6/00—Other treatment of flour or dough before baking, e.g. cooling, irradiating, heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a bakery mix containing pregelatinized flour.
- Patent Literature 1 describes the use of a specific pregelatinized acetylated crosslinked tapioca starch, which is a type of pregelatinized starch, as an active ingredient of a texture modifier for confectionery such as steamed cakes. Patent Document 1 describes that it is preferable to use a drum dryer as a method for pregelatinizing raw material starch when producing the above-mentioned pregelatinized acetylated crosslinked tapioca starch. No consideration is seen.
- Patent Document 2 as a method for efficiently producing a pregelatinized starch having desired swelling properties and water retention properties, water is added to a raw material starch to adjust the moisture content to 26 to 59% by mass, and then the raw material starch is describes a method of contacting steam and/or hot water with particles of to increase the water content.
- Patent Document 3 as a method for producing a cereal flour alpha compound that has a porous structure and can be used as an aromatic component adsorbent, 200 to 5000 parts by mass of water is added to 100 parts by mass of cereal flour. A method of freeze-drying by adding alcohol after heat-gelatinization is described. In the method described in Patent Document 3, the heating temperature for heat gelatinization is maintained above the gelatinization temperature, and in the examples, grain flour is gelatinized in a boiling water bath.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a bakery mix that can produce a bakery food that has a good taste and texture and is excellent in resistance to deterioration over time.
- the present invention is a method for producing a bakery mix containing cereal flour having a content of 1 to 50% by mass of pregelatinized cereal flour, comprising a process for producing the pregelatinized cereal flour, and and a step of producing the bakery mix using the pregelatinized grain flour, wherein the step of producing the pregelatinized grain flour includes adding a slurry containing 100 parts by mass of raw material flour and 500 parts by mass or more of water to the slurry.
- a method for producing a bakery mix comprising a slurry heating step of heating under conditions where the product temperature is 90° C. or higher, and a step of drying the slurry that has undergone the slurry heating step to obtain a solid.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing bakery foods using the bakery mix produced by the production method of the present invention.
- Bakery mixes are used in the production of bakery foods, and are typically powders at normal temperature and pressure.
- Bakery foods are typically fermented or non-fermented foods obtained by adding grain flour as an essential ingredient, optionally adding leavening agents such as yeast or baking powder, water, salt, sugar and the like. It is a food obtained by baking dough.
- Specific examples of bakery foods include breads; pizzas; cakes such as hot cakes, pancakes and sponge cakes; is mentioned.
- Breads include breads (for example, roll bread, white bread, black bread, French bread, dry bread, copdozens bread, croissant, etc.), cooked bread, sweet bread, and the like.
- cakes include sponge cakes, butter cakes, roll cakes, hot cakes, busse, baumkuchen, pound cakes, cheese cakes, snack cakes, muffins, bars, cookies, and pancakes.
- the bakery mix contains at least flour.
- flours refers to powdery substances derived from grains at normal temperature and normal pressure, and is a concept that includes flours and starches.
- starch refers to "pure starch” isolated from plants such as wheat, and is distinguished from the starch inherently present in cereal flour or whole grain flour.
- the cereal flour (flour, starch) in the bakery mix may be one containing starch, regardless of the amount of amylose content, and may be glutinous or glutinous.
- the flour contained in the bakery mix may be of one type or two or more types.
- Specific examples of grain flour include wheat flour (specifically, for example, hard flour, all-purpose flour, weak flour, durum wheat flour, durum semolina), rice flour, buckwheat flour, rye flour, soy flour, barley flour, corn flour, etc.
- flour mainly composed of flour containing at least the outer skin and / or germ, for example, "bran” mainly composed of the outer skin, "whole grain” containing the three main components of endosperm, outer skin and embryo mentioned.
- bran and whole grain include wheat bran and whole wheat flour derived from wheat.
- starch include unprocessed starch such as potato starch, wheat starch, corn starch, waxy corn starch, rice starch, and tapioca starch; oil processing, etherification, esterification, acetylation, cross-linking treatment, oxidation treatment, etc. of unprocessed starch. and processed starch that has been subjected to one or more of the treatments of
- the flour in the bakery mix contains pregelatinized flour (hereinafter also referred to as "specific pregelatinized flour”) manufactured in the manufacturing process described below.
- specific pregelatinized flour pregelatinized flour
- the bakery mix has a good taste and texture, and it is possible to produce a bakery food excellent in resistance to deterioration over time.
- Bakery foods manufactured using bakery mixes containing specific pregelatinized cereal flours are fluffy, soft, moist, and chewy. can be maintained. Furthermore, it is excellent in resistance to microwave ovens, and has good taste and texture even after heating in microwave ovens.
- the content of the specific pregelatinized cereal flour in the cereal flour in the bakery mix is 1-50% by mass, preferably 3-40% by mass, relative to the total mass of the cereal flour. If the content is less than 1% by mass, the use of the specific pregelatinized cereal flour is meaningless, and if the content exceeds 50% by mass, secondary processability and quality of bakery foods may be adversely affected.
- the type and content of cereal flour other than the specific pregelatinized cereal flour contained in the bakery mix are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the type of bakery food to be manufactured.
- As other cereal flours other than the specific pregelatinized cereal flours one or more types can be selected from the specific examples of the cereal flours described above.
- the content of the specific pregelatinized cereal flour in the cereal flour in the mix is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 5% by mass, based on the total mass of the cereal flour. ⁇ 15% by mass.
- wheat flour is preferable as other cereal flours other than the specific pregelatinized cereal flours, and hard flour is particularly preferable.
- the content of the cereal flour other than the specific pregelatinized cereal flour in the bakery mix is preferably 50% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the cereal flour.
- the content of the specific pregelatinized cereal flour in the cereal flour in the mix is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5% by mass, based on the total mass of the cereal flour. ⁇ 20% by mass.
- wheat flour is preferable as other grain flours other than the specific pregelatinized grain flours, and soft flour is particularly preferable.
- the content of cereal flour (including specific pregelatinized cereal flour) in the bakery mix can be appropriately set depending on the bakery food to be manufactured, but is preferably 35% by mass or more.
- cereal flour including specific pregelatinized cereal flour
- the content of cereal flour (including specific pregelatinized cereal flour) in the bakery mix can be appropriately set depending on the bakery food to be manufactured, but is preferably 35% by mass or more.
- for breads it is more preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more
- for cakes it is more preferably 40% by mass or more, further preferably 45% by mass or more.
- a bakery mix may contain ingredients other than flour.
- ingredients other than flour those that can be used in the production of bakery foods can be used without particular limitation. or yeast; eggs such as whole eggs, egg whites and yolks; proteins such as gluten; dairy products such as milk, skim milk powder and butter; salts such as salt; solid ingredients such as nuts and raisins; Sugars, oils, emulsifiers, thickeners, seasonings, flavors, spices, coloring agents, etc., may be mentioned, and depending on the type of bakery food to be manufactured, one of these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. can be used.
- the production method of the present invention includes at least a step of producing a specific pregelatinized cereal flour (pregelatinized cereal flour production step) and a step of producing a bakery mix using the specific pregelatinized cereal flour produced in the production step (mix production step).
- the mix production step typically includes a step of mixing the specific pregelatinized cereal flour produced in the pregelatinized cereal flour production step with other mix raw materials.
- the "other mixed raw materials” referred to here include the above-mentioned “other grain flours other than the specific pregelatinized grain flours” and “other ingredients other than grain flours”. More than one species can be used in combination.
- the pregelatinized cereal flour production step includes a step of heating a slurry containing raw cereal flour and water (slurry heating step), and a step of drying the slurry that has undergone the slurry heating step to obtain a solid (slurry drying step).
- slurry heating step the starch contained in the raw material cereal flour in the slurry is pregelatinized, and the raw material cereal flour becomes the specific pregelatinized cereal flour. Therefore, the slurry heating step can be said to be a ⁇ -forming step.
- the pregelatinized cereal flour production step typically includes a step of preparing a slurry to be heated in the slurry heating step (slurry preparation step). That is, the pregelatinized cereal flour production process according to the present invention typically has a slurry preparation process, a slurry heating process (pregelatinization process), and a slurry drying process, and each process is carried out in this order.
- the raw material flour used in the slurry preparation step one or more specific examples of the flour that can be used in the bakery mix can be used.
- cereal flour other than bran is used as the raw material cereal flour used in this step.
- the raw flour is typically unprocessed flour that has not been subjected to pretreatment such as heating, but pretreated flour can also be used.
- pretreatment include a treatment of adding various flour modifiers to raw flour.
- the cereal flour modifier is an agent capable of modifying cereal flour to have desired properties. sticky agents and the like.
- the enzyme include amylase, protease that decomposes proteins contained in grain flour, and the like.
- the raw material flour used in the slurry preparation step preferably contains starch.
- starch used herein refers to "pure starch” isolated from plants such as wheat, as described above. Using starch as a raw material for pregelatinized cereal flours is particularly advantageous in that handling is easy due to less foaming of the slurry, compared to the use of cereal flour such as wheat flour.
- slurry is prepared by adding 500 parts by mass or more of water to 100 parts by mass of raw flour.
- the side chains of the starch contained in the cereal flour are easily opened in the subsequent drying process of the slurry, and as a result, the aging resistance of the starch is improved. In terms of improvement, etc., it is presumed that an excellent effect can be obtained as compared with the conventional manufacturing method. If the amount of water added is less than 500 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of flour, the desired effects of the present invention cannot be obtained.
- the amount of water added to 100 parts by mass of the raw flour is preferably 600 to 2500 parts by mass, more preferably 700 to 2000 parts by mass, and even more preferably 800 to 1500 parts by mass. If the amount of water added is too large, a large amount of time and energy will be required to obtain solids in the slurry drying step in the next step, which may lead to an increase in production cost and a decrease in production efficiency.
- the slurry prepared in the slurry preparation step typically contains only raw material flour and water as a solvent, but if necessary, other ingredients, such as the raw material flour, used in pretreatment It may contain possible flour modifiers.
- the slurry containing the flour pretreated with the flour modifier may contain a flour modifier that is the same as or different from the flour modifier, or 2) not A flour modifier may be included in the slurry containing the processed flour.
- a reaction such as an enzymatic reaction involving the flour modifier occurs, but this reaction must be completed before the slurry is subjected to the next drying step. or may have occurred during the drying process.
- the slurry prepared in the slurry preparation step is heated. It must be done under the condition that As described above, in the present invention, 500 parts by mass or more of water is added to 100 parts by mass of the raw flour to prepare a slurry with a large amount of water. It is speculated that this contributes not a little to the ease of opening and, in turn, improves the aging resistance of starch. It is possible to produce high-quality pregelatinized flour while suppressing damage due to heat.
- the temperature of the slurry during heating in the slurry heating step is preferably 100°C or higher, more preferably 105°C or higher, still more preferably 110 to 140°C, further preferably 115 to 135°C. , and more preferably 120 to 130°C. Heating the slurry under conditions where the material temperature of the slurry exceeds 100° C. can be carried out, for example, by heating the slurry in a pressurized atmosphere.
- the slurry heating time (the time for maintaining the product temperature) is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 3 minutes, from the viewpoint of ensuring the predetermined effects of the present invention. That's it.
- the upper limit of the heating time in the gelatinization step is preferably 180 minutes or less, more preferably 120 minutes or less, from the viewpoint of production efficiency.
- the method of heating the slurry in the slurry heating step is not particularly limited as long as it is a method that can cope with the conditions of high water content and high temperature.
- a typical method for heating a slurry is a method in which a slurry containing flour is placed in a container and the container is heated. The heating of the slurry may be performed in a batch mode or in a continuous mode.
- Examples of the vessel for storing the slurry when heating it include a pressure cooker in the case of adopting a batch method, and a line mixer such as a static mixer in the case of adopting a continuous method.
- the heating means is also not particularly limited, and examples thereof include electric, gas, and steam types, and one of these can be used alone or two or more of them can be used in combination.
- a method of heating the slurry using a steam-type heating means for example, there is a method of directly introducing saturated steam or superheated steam into a container containing the material to be dried (grain flour).
- the slurry heating step it is preferable to stir the slurry while heating the slurry. If the slurry is heated in a still state without being stirred, the grain flour contained in the slurry may become lumpy, and the gelatinization of the starch may become insufficient or uneven. By stirring the slurry, such inconvenience can be prevented and the gelatinization of starch can be promoted.
- the method of stirring the slurry is not particularly limited as long as the grain flour contained therein can be dispersed throughout the slurry.
- a known stirrer-equipped container comprising a container and a stirrer for stirring the contents of the container can be used, and the procedure can be carried out according to a conventional method.
- an apparatus having stirring blades can be exemplified, and when the slurry is heated in a continuous mode, a static mixer can be exemplified.
- a slurry stirring means a known ultrasonic vibration generating means can be used.
- the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration generating means generates fine bubbles in the slurry to stir the slurry. do.
- the heated slurry may be stirred by blowing a gas such as steam into the slurry without using a stirrer such as a stirring blade.
- the slurry heating step is preferably completed in a state where the slurry to be heated contains 500 parts by mass or more of water with respect to 100 parts by mass of raw flour.
- the reason is that the water content of the slurry after the slurry heating step (slurry to be subjected to the slurry drying step in the next step) is a small amount such as less than 500 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the raw flour.
- the gelatinization of the starch in the raw flour is suppressed, and there is a risk that the desired effects of the present invention will not be achieved.
- the container for containing the slurry preferably has pressure resistance.
- the pressure of the pressurized atmosphere may be appropriately adjusted according to the amount of solvent contained in the slurry and the heating temperature (the temperature of the slurry), and is not particularly limited. Since the upper limit temperature of the slurry due to heating depends on the pressure, it is preferable to set the pressure corresponding to the desired heating temperature.
- the slurry heated in the slurry heating step is dried to obtain a solid containing the specific pregelatinized grain flour.
- the drying method of the slurry is not particularly limited, and known drying methods can be used. Examples thereof include freeze drying, spray drying using a spray dryer, and heat drying using a drum dryer.
- the degree of drying of the slurry is not particularly limited, but typically, until the water content of the solid obtained by drying the slurry is about the same as the water content of the raw flour used in the slurry preparation step, More specifically, it is dried until it becomes about 15% by mass.
- the solid matter of the slurry obtained through the slurry drying step may be used as it is as the specific pregelatinized cereal flour, or may be pulverized into a powder.
- the pulverization of solids can be carried out according to a conventional method using household pulverizers such as coffee mills and juicers; and industrial pulverizers such as hammer mills, pin mills and jet mills. It should be pulverized.
- the degree of gelatinization (degree of gelatinization) of the specific pregelatinized cereal flour produced through the pregelatinized cereal flour production process is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more.
- degree of gelatinization refers to the degree of alpha conversion measured by the BAP method ( ⁇ -amylase/pullulanase method).
- the degree of alpha conversion by the BAP method can be measured as follows according to a previous report (Kasei Gaku Zasshi 32(9), 653-659, 1981).
- A Method for measuring degree of alpha conversion by ⁇ -amylase/pullulanase method
- the reagents used are as follows. 1) 0.8 M acetic acid-Na acetate buffer 2) 10 N sodium hydroxide solution 3) 2 N acetic acid solution 4) Enzyme solution: ⁇ -amylase (Nagase ChemteX Co., Ltd., #1500S) 0.017 g and pullulanase (Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratory, No. 31001) 0.17 g was dissolved in the 0.8 M acetic acid-Na acetate buffer to make 100 mL. 5) Inactivated enzyme solution: Prepared by boiling the enzyme solution for 10 minutes. 6) Somogyi's reagent and Nelson's reagent (reagents for measuring the amount of reducing sugars)
- B-1) A sample (pregelatinized cereal flour) is pulverized with a homogenizer to a size of 100 mesh or less. Take 0.08-0.10 g of this ground sample flour into a glass homogenizer. B-2) Add 8.0 mL of demineralized water to the content of the glass homogenizer, and disperse the content by moving the glass homogenizer up and down 10 to 20 times to obtain a dispersion. B-3) Take 2 mL each of the dispersion of B-2) in two 25 mL graduated test tubes, and one of the two tubes is filled with 0.8 M acetic acid-Na acetate buffer. , shall be test plots.
- B-4) Add 0.2 mL of 10N sodium hydroxide solution to the other one of the two and react at 50 ° C. for 3 to 5 minutes to completely paste the dispersion of B-2). make it Then, 1.0 mL of 2N acetic acid solution is added to the other tube to adjust the pH to around 6.0, and the volume is adjusted with 0.8M acetic acid-Na acetate buffer to form a gelatinized section.
- B-5) Take 0.4 mL of each of the test solutions prepared in B-3) and B-4) above for the test plot and the gelatinized plot, add 0.1 mL of the enzyme solution to each, and incubate at 40°C for 30 minutes with the enzyme. React to obtain a reacted liquid.
- a blank was also prepared by adding 0.1 mL of the inactivated enzyme solution instead of the enzyme solution.
- the enzymatic reaction is carried out while occasionally stirring the reaction mixture.
- B-6) Add 0.5 mL of Somogyi reagent to 0.5 mL of each of the reacted solution and the blank, and boil in a boiling bath for 15 minutes. After boiling, the mixture is cooled in running water for 5 minutes, then 1.0 mL of Nelson's reagent is added, stirred, and allowed to stand for 15 minutes.
- B-7) After that, 8.00 mL of demineralized water is added to each of the reacted solution and the blank, stirred, and the absorbance at 500 nm is measured.
- A, A', a, and a' are as follows.
- A absorbance of test plot
- A' absorbance of gelatinized plot
- a absorbance of blank of test plot
- a' absorbance of blank of gelatinized plot
- the present invention includes a method for producing bakery foods using the bakery mix produced by the method for producing the bakery mix of the present invention.
- a configuration different from the above-described method for producing the bakery mix of the present invention will be described.
- the above-described description of the bakery mix manufacturing method of the present invention is appropriately applied to the structure that is not particularly described in the method of manufacturing the bakery food of the present invention.
- the bakery food production method of the present invention typically includes a step of preparing dough using a bakery mix (dough preparation step) and a step of heating the prepared dough (dough heating step).
- the dough preparation step is typically carried out by adding an appropriate amount of liquid ingredients such as water to a bakery mix and kneading the mixture.
- the dough preparation step can also be carried out by a known sponge seed method or liquid seed method.
- the dough preparation step typically, the dough is divided and rounded (dividing step), the dough is molded into a predetermined shape (molding step), and the molded dough is subjected to the dough heating step in the next step.
- a method of heating the dough in the dough heating step is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include baking and frying.
- a typical dough heating method is baking using an oven or the like.
- Unprocessed starch (wheat starch, corn starch, rice starch, potato starch, any one of processed tapioca starch) is used as the raw material flour, and the amount of water shown in Tables 1 and 2 is added to 100 parts by mass of the raw material flour.
- an aqueous slurry was prepared (slurry preparation step). This slurry is placed in a pressure vessel equipped with a stirrer (rotatably installed paddle), and while stirring with the stirrer, the heating temperature shown in Tables 1 and 2 (the temperature of the slurry), the heating time ( The material temperature was maintained for a period of time) (slurry heating step).
- the slurry (gelatinization liquid) that has passed through the slurry heating step was freeze-dried using a commercially available freeze dryer (trade name “Genesis SQ”, manufactured by SP Industries) to obtain a solid (slurry drying step ).
- the resulting solid was pulverized using a commercially available coffee mill to produce pregelatinized grain flour (more specifically, pregelatinized starch).
- the pregelatinized flour thus produced and wheat flour were mixed to produce bakery mixes containing 5% by mass, 10% by mass or 20% by mass of the pregelatinized flour.
- the control example of each example in Table 2 is the comparative example to the left of the example in question; for example, the control example of Example 15 is Comparative Example 5.
- each example uses a slurry prepared by adding 500 parts by mass or more of water to 100 parts by mass of raw flour, and the slurry has a product temperature of 90 ° C. or higher. Since the pregelatinized grain flour was produced by heating under the conditions, the texture of bakery foods (pancakes, muffins, donuts, bread) was excellent compared to the comparative examples that did not meet these conditions, and was refrigerated for one day. Because it is highly evaluated, it has excellent starch aging resistance, and quality deterioration over time is suppressed, and furthermore, it has a good texture even after being refrigerated for one day and heated in a microwave oven. , It can be seen that the microwave oven resistance is also excellent.
- a bakery mix that can produce bakery foods that have good taste and texture and excellent resistance to deterioration over time.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1には、蒸しケーキ等の菓子類の食感改良剤の有効成分として、α化澱粉の一種である特定のα化アセチル化架橋タピオカ澱粉を用いることが記載されている。特許文献1には、前記α化アセチル化架橋タピオカ澱粉を製造する際の原料澱粉のα化処理の方法として、ドラムドライヤーを用いることが好ましいことは記載されているが、原料澱粉に対する加水量についての検討は見られない。
特許文献2には、所望の膨潤性及び保水性を有するα化澱粉を効率よく製造し得る方法として、原料澱粉に加水して水分量を26~59質量%に調湿した後、該原料澱粉の粒子に水蒸気及び/又は熱水を接触させて水分量を上昇させる方法が記載されている。
特許文献3には、多孔質化した構造を有し、香気成分吸着剤などに利用可能な穀粉類α化物の製造方法として、穀粉類100質量部に対し水200~5000質量部を添加して加熱糊化させた後、アルコールを添加して凍結乾燥する方法が記載されている。特許文献3記載の方法では、加熱糊化する際の加熱温度に関し、糊化温度以上に保つとされており、実施例では穀粉類を沸騰湯浴上でα化させている。
また本発明は、前記の本発明の製造方法で製造されたベーカリーミックスを用いたベーカリー食品の製造方法である。
ベーカリーミックスは、ベーカリー食品の製造に使用されるもので、典型的には、常温常圧で粉体である。ベーカリー食品は、典型的には、穀粉類を必須成分とし、これに必要に応じてイースト又はベーキングパウダー等の膨張剤、水、食塩、砂糖等の任意成分を加えて得られた発酵又は非発酵生地を、焼成して得られる食品である。ベーカリー食品の具体例として、例えば、パン類;ピザ類;ホットケーキ、パンケーキ、スポンジケーキ等のケーキ類;ワッフル、シュー、ビスケット、焼き饅頭等の和洋焼き菓子;チュロス、ドーナツ等の揚げ菓子等が挙げられる。パン類としては、食パン(例えばロールパン、白パン、黒パン、フランスパン、乾パン、コッペパン、クロワッサン等)、調理パン、菓子パン等が挙げられる。ケーキ類としては、スポンジケーキ、バターケーキ、ロールケーキ、ホットケーキ、ブッセ、バームクーヘン、パウンドケーキ、チーズケーキ、スナックケーキ、マフィン、バー、クッキー、パンケーキ等が挙げられる。
穀粉の具体例として、小麦粉(具体的には例えば、強力粉、中力粉、薄力粉、デュラム小麦粉、デュラムセモリナ)、米粉、そば粉、ライ麦粉、大豆粉、大麦粉、コーンフラワー等の、胚乳部を主体とする穀粉の他、少なくとも外皮部及び/又は胚部を含む穀粉、例えば、外皮部を主体とする「ふすま」、胚乳部、外皮部及び胚部の主要3成分を含む「全粒粉」が挙げられる。ふすま、全粒粉の具体例として、小麦由来である小麦ふすま、小麦全粒粉が挙げられる。
澱粉の具体例として、馬鈴薯澱粉、小麦澱粉、コーンスターチ、ワキシーコーンスターチ、米澱粉、タピオカ澱粉等の未加工澱粉;未加工澱粉に油脂加工、エーテル化、エステル化、アセチル化、架橋処理、酸化処理等の処理の1つ以上を施した加工澱粉が挙げられる。
本発明の製造方法は少なくとも、特定α化穀粉類の製造工程(α化穀粉類製造工程)と、該製造工程で製造された特定α化穀粉類を用いてベーカリーミックスを製造する工程(ミックス製造工程)とを有する。
前記原料穀粉類は、典型的には、加熱等の前処理が施されていない未加工穀粉類であるが、前処理を施した原料穀粉類を用いることもできる。前記前処理としては、例えば、原料穀粉類に各種の穀粉類改質剤を添加する処理が挙げられる。前記穀粉類改質剤は、穀粉類を所望の性質に改質し得る剤であり、例えば、酵素、酸又はアルカリ剤、乳化剤、触媒、糖類、アミノ酸、ペプチド類、増粘多糖類等の増粘剤等が挙げられる。前記酵素としては、例えば、アミラーゼ、穀粉類に含まれるタンパクを分解するプロテアーゼ等が挙げられる。
(A)試薬
使用する試薬は、以下のとおりである。
1)0.8M酢酸-酢酸Na緩衝液
2)10N水酸化ナトリウム溶液
3)2N酢酸溶液
4)酵素溶液:β-アミラーゼ(ナガセケムテックス株式会社、#1500S)0.017g及びプルラナーゼ(林原生物化学研究所、No.31001)0.17gを前記0.8M酢酸-酢酸Na緩衝液に溶かして100mLとしたもの。
5)失活酵素溶液:前記酵素溶液を10分間煮沸させて調製したもの。
6)ソモギー試薬及びネルソン試薬(還元糖量の測定用試薬)
B-1)サンプル(α化穀粉類)をホモジナイザーで粉砕し、100メッシュ以下とする。この粉砕したサンプル穀粉0.08~0.10gをガラスホモジナイザーに取る。
B-2)ガラスホモジナイザーの内容物に脱塩水8.0mLを加え、該ガラスホモジナイザーを10~20回上下させて該内容物の分散を行い、分散液を得る。
B-3)2本の25mL容目盛り付き試験管に前記B-2)の分散液を2mLずつとり、その2本のうちの1本は、0.8M酢酸-酢酸Na緩衝液で定容し、試験区とする。
B-4)前記2本のうちの他の1本に、10N水酸化ナトリウム溶液0.2mLを添加し、50℃で3~5分間反応させ、前記B-2)の分散液を完全に糊化させる。その後、該他の1本に2N酢酸溶液1.0mLを添加し、pHを6.0付近に調整した後、0.8M酢酸-酢酸Na緩衝液で定容し、糊化区とする。
B-5)前記B-3)及びB-4)で調製した試験区及び糊化区の試験液をそれぞれ0.4mLとり、それぞれに酵素溶液0.1mLを加えて、40℃で30分間酵素反応させ、反応済液を得る。同時に、ブランクとして、酵素溶液の代わりに失活酵素溶液0.1mLを加えたものも調製する。酵素反応は途中で反応液を時々攪拌させながら行う。
B-6)前記反応済液及びブランクそれぞれの0.5mLにソモギー試薬0.5mLを添加し、沸騰浴中で15分間煮沸する。煮沸後、流水中で5分間冷却した後、ネルソン試薬1.0mLを添加・攪拌し、15分間放置する。
B-7)その後、前記反応済液及びブランクそれぞれに脱塩水8.00mLを加えて攪拌し、500nmの吸光度を測定する。
下記式によりα化度を算出する。
α化度(%)={(試験液の分解率)/(完全糊化試験液の分解率)}×100
={(A-a)/(A’-a’)}×100
前記式中、A、A’、a、及びa’は下記のとおりである。
A =試験区の吸光度
A’=糊化区の吸光度
a =試験区のブランクの吸光度
a’=糊化区のブランクの吸光度
前記生地調製工程は、典型的には、ベーカリーミックスに水等の液体原料を適量添加し、混捏することで実施される。前記生地調製工程は、公知の中種法又は液種法によって実施することもできる。
前記生地調製工程の後は、典型的には、生地を分割して丸め(分割工程)、生地を所定の形状に成形し(成形工程)、成形した生地を次工程の前記生地加熱工程に供する。
前記生地加熱工程における生地の加熱方法は特に制限されず、例えば、焼成、油ちょうが挙げられる。典型的な生地の加熱方法は、オーブン等を用いた焼成である。
未加工の澱粉(小麦澱粉、コーンスターチ、米澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉。加工タピオカ澱粉の何れか1種類)を原料穀粉類として用い、原料穀粉類100質量部に対し表1、2に示す量の水を加えて水性のスラリーを調製した(スラリー調製工程)。このスラリーを、攪拌機(回転可能に設置されたパドル)付き圧力容器の該圧力容器に入れ、該攪拌機で攪拌しつつ、表1、2に示す加熱温度(該スラリーの品温)、加熱時間(該品温の維持時間)で加熱した(スラリー加熱工程)。次に、前記スラリー加熱工程を経たスラリー(糊化液)を市販の凍結乾燥機(商品名「ジェネシスSQ」、SPインダストリーズ社製)を用いて凍結乾燥し、固形物を得た(スラリー乾燥工程)。次に、得られた固形物を市販のコーヒーミルを用いて粉砕し、α化穀粉類(より具体的にはα化澱粉)を製造した。こうして製造したα化穀粉類と小麦粉とを混合し、該α化穀粉類の含有量が5質量%、10質量%又は20質量%のベーカリーミックスを製造した。
未加工の澱粉を原料穀粉類として用い、原料穀粉類100質量部に対し水45質量部を加えて混合物を調製し、該混合物を、エクストルーダーを用いて表1、2に示す加熱温度(該混合物の品温)、加熱時間(該品温の維持時間)で加熱した。こうしてエクストルーダーで加熱した混合物を、前記実施例等と同様に凍結乾燥し粉砕してα化穀粉類(より具体的にはα化澱粉)を製造し、更に、該α化穀粉類と小麦粉とを混合し、該α化穀粉類の含有量が5質量%、10質量%又は20質量%のベーカリーミックスを製造した。
・小麦澱粉:三和澱粉工業株式会社製「小麦澱粉浮粉」
・コーンスターチ:三和澱粉工業株式会社製「コーンスターチY」
・米澱粉:上越スターチ株式会社製「ファインスノウ」
・馬鈴薯澱粉:松谷化学工業株式会社製「松谷 かめ」
・加工タピオカ澱粉(エーテル化タピオカ澱粉):松谷化学工業株式会社製「松谷 ゆり」
・小麦粉(パン用):日清製粉株式会社製「カメリヤ」(強力粉)
・小麦粉(パン以外用):日清製粉株式会社製「フラワー」(薄力粉)
前記実施例及び比較例のうちの何れか1種類のベーカリーミックス100質量部、砂糖25質量部、ベーキングパウダー5質量部、サラダ油10質量部、全卵30質量部、牛乳50質量部及び適量の水を容器に入れ、それらの混合物を120回/分の回転数で手動にて攪拌し、品温25℃でのB型粘度計による粘度が5~10Pa・sの範囲にあるパンケーキ生地を調製した。水の添加量は、パンケーキ生地の粘度が前記範囲になるように調整した。前記パンケーキ生地の調製後に10分間の寝かし時間をとった後、グリドル上に該生地を55g流し込み、該グリドルの温度180℃で該生地の片面を3分間焼成した後、該生地を上下反転させて反対側の面を2分間焼成し、ベーカリー食品の一種であるパンケーキを製造した。
マーガリン100質量部、砂糖100質量部を、縦型ミキサー(関東混合機工業株式会社製)で、ホイッパーを用いて、205回転数/分で3分混合攪拌をし、その混合物に全卵100質量部を5回に分けて加え、更に205回転数/分で3分混合攪拌をした後、該混合物に、前記実施例及び比較例のうちの何れか1種類のベーカリーミックス100質量部とベーキングパウダー2質量部とを添加し、マフィン生地を調製した。前記マフィン生地の調製後に10分間の寝かし時間をとった後、該マフィン生地をマフィンカップに80g分注し、180℃の固定窯で25分焼成し、ベーカリー食品の一種であるマフィンを製造した。
前記実施例及び比較例のうちの何れか1種類のベーカリーミックス100質量部、砂糖30質量部、ベーキングパウダー5質量部、ショートニング10質量部、全卵25質量部、牛乳25質量部及び適量の水を容器に入れ、縦型ミキサー(関東混合機工業株式会社製)で、ビーターを用いて75回転数/分で2分、205回転数/分で2分混合攪拌をし、品温25℃のドーナツ生地を調製した。前記ドーナツ生地の調製後に10分間の寝かし時間をとった後、ベルショウ社製タイプNドーナツカッターで、40gの該ドーナツ生地をリング状に成形し、180℃のフライ油で2分フライし、ベーカリー食品の一種であるドーナツを製造した。
前記実施例及び比較例のうちの何れか1種類のベーカリーミックス100質量部、バター4質量部、砂糖6.8質量部、スキムミルク2.4質量部、食塩2質量部、ドライイースト1.1質量部をホームベーカリー(パナソニック株式会社製、商品名「SD-BM103」)に入れ、該ホームベーカリーが備える「標準コース」を選択してベーカリー食品の一種であるパンを製造した。
製造したベーカリー食品を10名の専門パネラーに食してもらい、食感(しっとり感、歯切れ・口溶け)を下記評価基準に従って採点してもらった。パンケーキについては1種類につき、1)製造直後のもの、2)1日間冷蔵保存したもの、及び3)1日間冷蔵保存した後、電子レンジで品温80℃に加熱後室温にて3分間放冷したものの3種類、他のベーカリー食品については前記2)のみを用意し、それぞれ評価した。前記1)は、焼成後に常温環境下で20分間放置したものである。前記2)及び3)の「1日間冷蔵保存」は、焼成後、粗熱をとった後に、庫内温度4℃の冷蔵庫に1日間保存し、冷蔵庫から取り出して常温環境下で20分間放置したことを指す。なお前記2)及び3)の「1日間冷蔵保存」は、ベーカリー食品の経時的な品質劣化耐性(澱粉の老化耐性)の評価を目的として、ベーカリー食品の劣化促進のために行ったものであり、前記2)及び3)はいわゆる加速劣化試験のサンプルである。表1、2に、10名の専門パネラーによる採点結果の算術平均値を示す。表1の各実施例及び比較例の対照例は比較例2である。表2の各実施例の対照例は当該実施例の左隣の比較例であり、例えば、実施例15の対照例は比較例5である。
<食感(しっとり感)の評価基準>
5点:対照例に比べて非常にしっとりとして柔らかである。
4点:対照例に比べてしっとりとして柔らかである。
3点:対照例に比べてややしっとりとして柔らかである。
2点:対照例と同等である。
1点:対照例に比べてパサつき及び硬さがある。
<食感(歯切れ・口溶け)の評価基準>
5点:対照例に比べて非常に優れる。
4点:対照例に比べて優れる。
3点:対照例に比べてやや優れる。
2点:対照例と同等である。
1点:対照例に比べて劣る。
Claims (6)
- α化穀粉類の含有量が1~50質量%である穀粉類を含有する、ベーカリーミックスの製造方法であって、
前記α化穀粉類の製造工程と、該製造工程で製造されたα化穀粉類を用いて前記ベーカリーミックスを製造する工程とを有し、
前記α化穀粉類の製造工程は、原料穀粉類100質量部及び水500質量部以上を含むスラリーを、該スラリーの品温が90℃以上となる条件で加熱するスラリー加熱工程と、該スラリー加熱工程を経たスラリーを乾燥して固形物を得る工程とを有する、ベーカリーミックスの製造方法。 - 前記原料穀粉類は澱粉を含む、請求項1に記載のベーカリーミックスの製造方法。
- 前記スラリー加熱工程において、前記スラリーをその品温が100℃以上となる条件で加熱する、請求項1又は2に記載のベーカリーミックスの製造方法。
- 前記スラリー加熱工程において、前記スラリーをその品温が110~140℃となる条件で加熱する、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のベーカリーミックスの製造方法。
- 前記スラリー加熱工程において、前記スラリーを加圧雰囲気で加熱する、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のベーカリーミックスの製造方法。
- 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の製造方法で製造されたベーカリーミックスを用いたベーカリー食品の製造方法。
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Citations (6)
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JPH101501A (ja) * | 1996-06-19 | 1998-01-06 | Osada Sangyo Kk | 高吸水性澱粉、高吸水性澱粉の製法、及び澱粉の吸水力向上方法 |
JP2001120195A (ja) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-08 | Honen Corp | 油脂α化澱粉質およびこれを用いた食品 |
JP2003230351A (ja) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-19 | Honen Corp | ベーカリー製品用ミックス及びそれを用いたベーカリー製品 |
JP2004073140A (ja) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-11 | Honen Corp | ドーナツ類及びその製造方法 |
JP2009143977A (ja) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-07-02 | Futamura Chemical Co Ltd | 吸水性処理デンプン及び食品用結着剤 |
WO2021085445A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | 株式会社日清製粉グループ本社 | α化穀粉類の製造方法 |
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Patent Citations (6)
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JPH101501A (ja) * | 1996-06-19 | 1998-01-06 | Osada Sangyo Kk | 高吸水性澱粉、高吸水性澱粉の製法、及び澱粉の吸水力向上方法 |
JP2001120195A (ja) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-08 | Honen Corp | 油脂α化澱粉質およびこれを用いた食品 |
JP2003230351A (ja) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-19 | Honen Corp | ベーカリー製品用ミックス及びそれを用いたベーカリー製品 |
JP2004073140A (ja) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-11 | Honen Corp | ドーナツ類及びその製造方法 |
JP2009143977A (ja) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-07-02 | Futamura Chemical Co Ltd | 吸水性処理デンプン及び食品用結着剤 |
WO2021085445A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | 株式会社日清製粉グループ本社 | α化穀粉類の製造方法 |
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