WO2021085445A1 - α化穀粉類の製造方法 - Google Patents
α化穀粉類の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021085445A1 WO2021085445A1 PCT/JP2020/040336 JP2020040336W WO2021085445A1 WO 2021085445 A1 WO2021085445 A1 WO 2021085445A1 JP 2020040336 W JP2020040336 W JP 2020040336W WO 2021085445 A1 WO2021085445 A1 WO 2021085445A1
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- flour
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- pregelatinized
- pregelatinization
- starch
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D6/00—Other treatment of flour or dough before baking, e.g. cooling, irradiating, heating
- A21D6/003—Heat treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/02—Products made from whole meal; Products containing bran or rough-ground grain
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/06—Products with modified nutritive value, e.g. with modified starch content
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D6/00—Other treatment of flour or dough before baking, e.g. cooling, irradiating, heating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/212—Starch; Modified starch; Starch derivatives, e.g. esters or ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/109—Types of pasta, e.g. macaroni or noodles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/117—Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
- A23L7/13—Snacks or the like obtained by oil frying of a formed cereal dough
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B30/00—Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
- C08B30/06—Drying; Forming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B30/00—Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
- C08B30/12—Degraded, destructured or non-chemically modified starch, e.g. mechanically, enzymatically or by irradiation; Bleaching of starch
- C08B30/14—Cold water dispersible or pregelatinised starch
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to pregelatinized flours suitable for food use.
- Pregelatinized starch is obtained by heating raw starch in the presence of water to gelatinize it. Due to pregelatinization, the molecular arrangement inside the starch granules is disrupted, and it appears as irreversible changes in properties such as swelling of starch granules, loss of birefringence, melting of natural crystallites, and solubilization of starch. For this reason, pregelatinized starch exhibits unique properties different from those of raw material starch, and is widely used in food applications and industrial applications.
- a method for producing pregelatinized starch a method of drying a starch slurry using a spray dryer, a drum dryer, or the like is known. Further, a method of adding water to starch and heating while kneading with an extruder, a method of heating and humidifying by passing superheated steam into a container containing starch, and the like are also known.
- Patent Document 1 as a method for producing a modified starch having desired swelling property and water retention, water is added to the raw material starch to adjust the water content to 26 to 59% by mass, and then water vapor is added to the particles of the raw material starch. And / or a method of contacting hot water to increase the amount of water is described.
- Patent Document 2 200 to 5000 parts by mass of water is added to 100 parts by mass of flours as a method for producing an ⁇ product of flours having a porous structure and which can be used as an adsorbent for aroma components and the like.
- a method of adding alcohol and freeze-drying after heat gelatinization is described. In the method described in Patent Document 2, it is said that the heating temperature at the time of heat gelatinization is kept above the gelatinization temperature, and in the examples, the flours are pregelatinized on a boiling water bath.
- starch In foods containing starch as the main component, aging of starch becomes a problem.
- the starch contained in the bakery foods ages during storage and storage, and as a result, the texture that was fluffy immediately after production becomes hard and dry.
- melting in the mouth worsens.
- Starch aging is a phenomenon in which pregelatinized starch releases the water it holds and transforms into beta crystals.
- An object of the present invention is to provide pregelatinized starches that can improve the taste and texture of foods and impart aging resistance to foods.
- the present invention is an pregelatinization step of heating a slurry containing 100 parts by mass of grains and 500 parts by mass or more of water under a condition that the product temperature of the slurry is 90 ° C. or higher to pregelatinize the starch contained in the grains.
- a method for producing pregelatinized starch which comprises a step of drying the slurry that has undergone the pregelatinization step to obtain a solid substance, and in the pregelatinization step, the slurry is stirred while heating the slurry. is there.
- the present invention is a method for producing a processed food using the pregelatinized cereal flour produced by the above-mentioned method for producing pregelatinized starches of the present invention.
- the method for producing pregelatinized cereal flours of the present invention includes an pregelatinization step of heating an aqueous slurry containing cereal flours to pregelatinize (gelatinize) the starch contained in the cereal flours, and drying and solidifying the slurry. It has a drying step to obtain a product.
- pregelatinization step of heating an aqueous slurry containing cereal flours to pregelatinize (gelatinize) the starch contained in the cereal flours, and drying and solidifying the slurry. It has a drying step to obtain a product.
- Examples of the cereals used in the present invention include cereals and starches and whole grain flours, and one of these may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the use of the food containing the pregelatinized cereals. Can be done.
- the grain that is the source of the flour, starch, and whole grain flour may be a porridge seed or a porridge seed.
- the flour that can be used as flour may be any flour containing starch, and examples thereof include wheat flour, rice flour, buckwheat flour, rye flour, and soybean flour.
- wheat flour include soft flour, medium-strength flour, strong flour, durum wheat flour, and durum semolina.
- wheat flour is typically used as the flour.
- starch examples include unprocessed starches such as potato starch, wheat starch, cornstarch, waxy cornstarch, rice starch, and tapioca starch, and these unprocessed starches are processed with fats and oils, etherified, esterified, and acetyl. Examples thereof include processed starch that has been subjected to one or more treatments such as conversion, cross-linking treatment, and oxidation treatment.
- the "starch” starch used as a raw material for the pregelatinization step) here means "pure starch” isolated from plants such as wheat, and is distinguished from the starch contained in the flour.
- the whole grain flour that can be used as cereals contains all of the three main components constituting the grain caryopsis (grain grain), that is, the endosperm part, the exodermis part, and the embryo part.
- the grain that is the source of whole grain flour is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for food, and examples thereof include wheat, barley, barley, rye, and rice.
- one kind of whole grain grain flour may be used, or a plurality of kinds of whole grain grain flour may be used in combination.
- the word "cereal" in the name "whole grain flour” may be used in place of the name of the grain that is the source of the grain.
- a whole grain grain derived from wheat caryopsis is "wheat whole grain flour”
- a whole grain grain derived from barley caryopsis is "wheat whole grain flour”.
- whole wheat flour whole wheat flour is typically used.
- the method for producing pregelatinized starch of the present invention is a method for pregelatinizing starch contained in flours, in which a slurry containing 100 parts by mass of cereals and 500 parts by mass or more of water is prepared and the product temperature of the slurry is 90 ° C. or higher. It is characterized by adopting a method of heating under the above conditions.
- the amount of water added to 100 parts by mass of flour is much smaller than 500 parts by mass, and is often 100 parts by mass or less, and the heating temperature is set to be heated.
- the product temperature of an object is set to less than 90 ° C.
- the structural change of starch caused by the pregelatinization treatment becomes different from that of the conventional pregelatinization treatment.
- High quality pregelatinized starches that cannot be obtained by law can be obtained. Since a certain amount of water is usually contained in the flour, the total mass of the water present in the slurry is 500 parts by mass or more of the water content with respect to 100 parts by mass of the flour, and the flour. It is the total of the amount contained in 100 parts by mass (usually about 15 parts by mass or less).
- whole grain grains have the advantages of being rich in nutritional components and high in dietary fiber content, but have the problem that they are difficult to actively use as foodstuffs because of their unique odor (bran odor) and acridness.
- odor unique odor
- acridness by pregelatinizing the whole grain grain under the above-mentioned high water content and high temperature conditions adopted in the present invention, the peculiar odor and acridness are reduced, and the advantages such as the nutritional value inherent in the whole grain grain are maintained. The palatability can be improved.
- the product temperature that is, the heating temperature of the slurry in the pregelatinization step is at least 90 ° C. or higher, preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 105 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 110 to 140 ° C., still more preferably 115 to 135 ° C. It is preferably 120 to 130 ° C.
- the higher the heating temperature of the slurry the more the reforming of the starch progresses and the predetermined effect of the present invention is likely to be achieved.
- the heating temperature is too high, it is necessary to control the pressure in the container containing the slurry. Since the amount of heat such as steam increases, it may lead to an increase in production cost and a decrease in productivity.
- the upper limit of the product temperature of the slurry in the pregelatinization step should be about 140 ° C. Is preferable. Heating under the condition that the product temperature of the slurry exceeds 100 ° C. can be carried out, for example, by heating the slurry in a pressurized atmosphere.
- the time for maintaining the product temperature of the slurry at 90 ° C. or higher (preferably 100 ° C. or higher), that is, the heating time is preferably 1 minute or longer, more preferably 3 minutes or longer.
- the upper limit of the heating time in the pregelatinization step is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of production efficiency, it is preferably 180 minutes or less, more preferably 120 minutes or less.
- the heating temperature of the slurry in the pregelatinization step may be at least 90 ° C. or higher, preferably 95 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 100 ° C. or higher as described above. is there.
- the heating time may also be in the above range.
- the slurry to be heated in the pregelatinization step can be prepared by adding 500 parts by mass or more of water to 100 parts by mass of flours.
- the amount of water added is preferably 600 to 2500 parts by mass, more preferably 700 to 2000 parts by mass, and further preferably 800 to 1500 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the flour. If the amount of water added is less than 500 parts by mass with 100 parts by mass of the flour, the predetermined effect of the present invention is not sufficiently exhibited. On the contrary, if the amount of water added is too large, a large amount of time and energy are required to obtain a solid substance in the drying step of the slurry in the next step, which may lead to an increase in production cost and a decrease in production efficiency.
- the slurry typically contains only cereals (flour, starch, whole grain flour) and water as a solvent, but other components, such as cereals, are modified to desired properties as needed.
- the resulting starch modifier may be contained.
- the flour modifier include a preparation for scientific treatment, amylase, and an enzyme such as a protease that decomposes a protein contained in the flour.
- a reaction involving the flour modifier such as an enzymatic reaction occurs, and this reaction may be completed before the slurry is subjected to the pregelatinization step. Alternatively, it may occur during the implementation of the pregelatinization step.
- the slurry may be prepared by adding water to the pretreated flours.
- the pretreatment of flours can be carried out, for example, by adding various chemicals (enzymes, acids or alkaline agents, emulsifiers, catalysts, etc.) to the flours.
- the method for heating the slurry is not particularly limited as long as it can cope with the above-mentioned high water content and high temperature conditions.
- a typical method for heating a slurry is a method in which a slurry containing flours is placed in a container and the container is heated.
- the slurry may be heated in a batch system or in a continuous system.
- Examples of the container for accommodating the slurry when heating it include a pressure cooker when a batch type is adopted and a line mixer such as a static mixer when a continuous type is adopted.
- the heating method is also not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an electric type, a gas type, and a steam type, and one of these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the steam type heating method include a method of directly introducing saturated steam or superheated steam into a container containing an object to be treated (flours).
- the pregelatinization step it is necessary to stir the slurry while heating the slurry. If the slurry is heated in a stationary state without stirring, the flours contained in the slurry may become lumpy, and pregelatinization (gelatinization) may be insufficient or non-uniform. By stirring the slurry during heating, such inconvenience is prevented and gelatinization of starch is promoted.
- the method for stirring the slurry is not particularly limited as long as the contained flours can be dispersed throughout the slurry.
- a known stirrer-equipped container equipped with a container and a stirrer to stir the contents of the container can be used and carried out according to a conventional method.
- a static mixer can be exemplified.
- a known ultrasonic vibration generating means can also be used as the slurry stirring means. In this case, the slurry is agitated by generating fine bubbles in the slurry by the vibration of the ultrasonic waves generated from the ultrasonic vibration generating means.
- the amount of the solvent (water) contained in the slurry does not change during the heating of the slurry, that is, the pregelatinization treatment of the flours. This is because if the amount of solvent is significantly reduced (evaporated) during heating of the slurry, the promotion of pregelatinization may be suppressed.
- the pregelatinization treatment is completed in a state containing 500 parts by mass or more of water with respect to 100 parts by mass of flours.
- the container for accommodating the slurry is preferably one having pressure resistance.
- the pressure in the pressurized atmosphere may be appropriately adjusted according to the amount of the solvent contained in the slurry and the heating temperature (product temperature of the slurry), and is not particularly limited. Since the upper limit temperature of the slurry due to heating depends on the pressure, it is preferable to set the pressure corresponding to the desired heating temperature.
- the drying step the slurry that has undergone the above-mentioned pregelatinization step is dried to obtain a solid substance.
- This solid matter is pregelatinized cereal flour, which is the production object of this production method.
- the method for drying the slurry is not particularly limited, and a known drying method can be used, and examples thereof include freeze-drying, spray-drying using a spray dryer, and heat-drying using a drum dryer.
- the degree of drying of the slurry is not particularly limited, but typically, the water content of the solid obtained by drying the slurry is the water content of general flours (flours used as raw materials in the pregelatinization step). Dry to the same extent.
- General flours are usually about 15% by mass.
- the solid matter obtained through the drying step may be crushed into powder if necessary.
- the solid matter can be crushed according to a conventional method using a corby mill, a juicer, etc. for a household crusher, or a hammer mill, a pin mill, a jet mill, etc. for an industrial crusher, until the desired particle size is reached.
- the solid material may be crushed.
- the degree of pregelatinization (gelatinization) of the pregelatinized flour produced by the production method of the present invention can be preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more.
- the degree of pregelatinization refers to the degree of pregelatinization measured by the BAP method ( ⁇ -amylase / pullulanase method). The measurement of the degree of pregelatinization by the BAP method can be carried out as follows according to the previous report (Home Economics Magazine 32 (9), 653-659, 1981).
- B-1) Sample flour (pregelatinized flour) is crushed with a homogenizer to a size of 100 mesh or less. Take 0.08 to 0.10 g of this crushed sample flour into a glass homogenizer.
- B-2) 8.0 mL of demineralized water is added to the contents of the glass homogenizer, and the glass homogenizer is moved up and down 10 to 20 times to disperse the contents to obtain a dispersion liquid.
- B-3) Take 2 mL each of the dispersion of B-2) in two 25 mL graduated test tubes, and one of the two is filled with 0.8 M acetate-Na acetate buffer. , The test area.
- B-4) 0.2 mL of 10N sodium hydroxide solution was added to the other one of the two, and the mixture was reacted at 50 ° C. for 3 to 5 minutes to completely glue the dispersion of B-2). To make it. Then, 1.0 mL of a 2N acetic acid solution is added to the other one, the pH is adjusted to around 6.0, and the volume is adjusted with 0.8 M acetic acid-Na acetate buffer to prepare a gelatinized group. B-5) Take 0.4 mL each of the test solutions of the test group and gelatinized group prepared in B-3) and B-4), add 0.1 mL of the enzyme solution to each, and use the enzyme at 40 ° C. for 30 minutes. React to obtain a reacted solution.
- the degree of pregelatinization is calculated by the following formula.
- A, A', a, and a' are as follows.
- A Absorbance of test group
- A' Absorbance of gelatinized group
- a Absorbance of blank in test group
- a' Absorbance of blank in gelatinized group
- pregelatinized flours produced by the production method of the present invention can be used in place of known pregelatinized flours and pregelatinized starches, and are typically used. Is used in the food industry, but can also be used in fields other than the food industry. Examples of the use of pregelatinized flours in the food industry are 1) thickening and retaining molds for applications that omit heat cooking (for example, instant soup), 2) modifying the dough of cake mixes and stabilizing the structure of frozen foods.
- pregelatinized flour produced using corn flour as flour substitute for soup or easy cancer flour
- pregelatinized flour manufactured using waxy corn flour as flour bean confectionery Clothes can be mentioned.
- pregelatinized cereal flour produced using potato starch as the cereal flour sticking of feed; casting sand mold, incense, polishing grindstone, etc. Adhesion; household laundry paste; paper strength enhancer.
- Pregelatinized flours can be used in the production of processed foods.
- the processed foods referred to here are manufactured using cereal flour as a raw material.
- cereal flour for example, bakery foods; noodles such as udon, somen, hiyamugi, Chinese noodles, pasta, instant noodles (including non-fried noodles); tempura, etc.
- Fried foods such as fried, fried Tatsuta, and fritters, and other oil-boiled foods (foods manufactured through the oil-boiled process); powdered foods such as instant soup.
- the noodles include noodle skins such as dumpling skin, shumai skin, and spring roll skin.
- the processed food may be a frozen food.
- the processed food can be produced according to a conventional method according to the type of the processed food.
- Pregelatinized flours are suitable for the production of bakery foods.
- bakery foods are given a fluffy softness, moist feeling, and chewy feeling, and aging resistance is imparted, and deterioration of taste and texture over time is suppressed.
- cereals grain flour, starch, whole grain flour, etc.
- optional ingredients such as yeast, leavening agent (baking powder, etc.), water, salt, and sugar as necessary. It is a food obtained by baking a fermented or non-fermented dough.
- bakery foods include breads; pizzas; cakes; Japanese and Western baked goods such as waffles, shoes, biscuits, and baked buns; and fried sweets such as donuts.
- breads include breads (for example, rolls, white breads, black breads, French breads, kanpans, koppe breads, croissants, etc.), cooked breads, sweet breads, and the like.
- cakes include sponge cakes, butter cakes, roll cakes, hot cakes, busses, balmkuchens, pound cakes, cheesecakes, snack cakes, muffins, bars, cookies, pancakes and the like.
- Examples 1 to 10, Comparative Examples 1 to 5 Wheat flour was used as the flour, and a predetermined amount of water was added to the flour to prepare an aqueous slurry. This slurry is placed in the pressure vessel of a pressure vessel equipped with a stirrer (rotatably installed paddle), and while stirring with the stirrer, it is heated by the heating method and heating temperature shown in Table 1 below to produce starch (wheat flour). ) Was gelatinized (gelatinized) (gelatinization step). The heating time in the pregelatinization step (the time for maintaining the heating temperature shown in Table 1 below) was 1 minute, 3 minutes, or 30 minutes.
- pregelatinized wheat flours pregelatinized wheat flours
- Examples 1 to 10, Comparative Examples 1 and 3 pregelatinized wheat flours
- pregelatinized wheat flour was obtained in the same manner as in the above procedure except that 30 parts by mass of water was added to 100 parts by mass of wheat flour and heated with an extruder at a predetermined heating temperature for a predetermined time (Comparative Example 2). ..
- pregelatinized wheat flour was produced without stirring the slurry while heating the slurry. Specifically, a predetermined amount of water was added to wheat flour to prepare an aqueous slurry, the slurry was filled in a retort pouch bag, sealed, and heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes using an autoclave. After that, pregelatinized wheat flour was obtained in the same manner as described above (Comparative Examples 4 and 5). When this method was used, the slurry after heating by the autoclave, that is, after undergoing the pregelatinization step, had water separation and had a non-uniform viscosity (partially lumpy), and was not uniformly gelatinized. In addition, since the slurry was lumpy, the efficiency from freeze-drying to pulverization was also poor.
- Examples 11 to 16, Comparative Examples 6 to 8 Whole wheat flour, cornstarch or wheat starch was used as the grain flour, and the pregelatinized wheat whole grain flour, pregelatinized cornstarch or ⁇ was carried out in the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example or Comparative Example except that the pregelatinization step was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 2 below. Chemicalized wheat starch was obtained.
- Pancakes which are a type of bakery food, were produced using the baked confectionery mixes shown in Table 3 below. Specifically, 100 parts by mass of the mix, 25 parts by mass of sugar, 5 parts by mass of baking powder, 10 parts by mass of salad oil, 30 parts by mass of whole eggs, 50 parts by mass of milk and an appropriate amount of water are placed in a container and 120 times / minute.
- the pancake dough was prepared by manually mixing and stirring at the number of rotations to prepare a pancake dough having a viscosity in the range of 5 to 10 Pa ⁇ s by a B-type viscosity meter at a product temperature of 25 ° C.
- the amount of water blended was adjusted so that the viscosity of the pancake dough was within such a range. After allowing 10 minutes to let the prepared pancake dough rest, 55 g of the dough is poured onto a griddle plate, one side of the dough is baked at a temperature of 180 ° C. for 3 minutes, and then the dough is turned upside down. The other side was baked for 2 minutes to remove the rough heat, and then pancakes were produced.
- Bread which is a kind of bakery food, was produced using a bread mix having the formulations shown in Table 4 below and using a commercially available home bakery (trade name "SD-BM103", manufactured by Panasonic Corporation). Specifically, 100 parts by mass of the mix, 4 parts by mass of butter, 6.8 parts by mass of sugar, 2.4 parts by mass of skim milk, 2 parts by mass of salt, and 1.1 parts by mass of dry yeast are put into a home bakery, and the home bakery is provided. Bread was made by selecting the "standard course”.
- Non-fried instant Chinese noodles which are a kind of noodles, were produced using the raw material powders having the formulations shown in Table 5 below.
- the raw material flour medium-strength flour (“Tokujaku” manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.) was used as wheat flour, and oxidized tapioca starch (“MKK100” manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as starch.
- noodle dough was prepared by kneading with a mixer for 10 minutes by a conventional method.
- the noodle dough was rolled with a noodle-making roll to form a noodle band having a thickness of 1.2 mm, and further cut into noodle strings with a cutting blade (# 18 angle).
- the noodle strings were steam-heat-treated with steam at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 2 minutes and 30 seconds, and then dried with hot air at 90 ° C. for 20 minutes to produce non-fried instant Chinese noodles.
- Refrigerated boiled udon noodles which are a type of noodles (cooked refrigerated noodles), were produced using the raw material powders having the formulations shown in Table 6 below.
- medium-strength flour (“Kaoru” manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.) is used as wheat flour
- acetylated tapioca starch (“hydrangea” manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is used as starch
- Glico Foods Co., Ltd. is used as wheat protein.
- the company-made "A Guru G” was used.
- Gyoza rind which is a type of noodles (noodle skins), is produced using the raw material powders of the formulations shown in Table 7 below, and chilled gyoza, which is a type of cooked chilled dumplings, is further produced using the produced gyoza rind.
- Manufactured As a specific procedure, first, 1 part by mass of salt and an appropriate amount of water were added to 100 parts by mass of the raw material flour, kneaded for 10 minutes, and then aged for 30 minutes to prepare a dough.
- the dough was rolled by a conventional method to make the final noodle band thickness 1 mm, and then cut out with a mold having a diameter of 85 mm to produce raw dumpling skin.
- 12 g of dumpling ingredients are wrapped in raw dumpling skin to produce raw dumplings, and after the raw dumplings are baked and cooked, they are stored in a refrigerator with an internal temperature of 4 ° C for 3 days to produce refrigerated grilled dumplings. did.
- the shrimp tempura produced in this way was taken out of the oil tank, drained, left at room temperature (about 25 ° C) for 60 minutes, and then eaten by 10 specialized panelists, and the texture was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria (out of 5 points). Was evaluated by.
- the results (average score of 10 specialized panelists) are shown in Table 8 below.
- pregelatinized starches that can improve the taste and texture of foods and impart aging resistance to foods are provided.
- pregelatinized starches pregelatinized starches
- Pregelatinized whole grain flour pregelatinized whole grain flour
- the pregelatinized starch produced by the present invention is blended in a bakery food, the bakery food is given a fluffy softness, a moist feeling, and a chewy feeling, and is also imparted with aging resistance and has a taste and texture. Deterioration over time is suppressed.
- the same effect can be obtained when the pregelatinized starch produced by the present invention is blended in noodles or oily foods, and when it is blended in instant noodles, the resilience at the time of reconstitution with hot water can be further improved. ..
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Abstract
Description
本発明で用いる穀粉類としては、穀粉及び澱粉並びに穀物全粒粉が挙げられ、α化穀粉類が配合される食品の用途等に応じて、これらの1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせ用いることができる。穀粉、澱粉及び穀物全粒粉の供給源となる穀物は、粳種でもよく、糯種でもよい。
乾燥工程では、前述のα化工程を経たスラリーを乾燥して固形物を得る。この固形物は、本製造方法の製造目的物であるα化穀粉類である。スラリーの乾燥方法は特に制限されず、公知の乾燥方法を利用することができ、例えば、凍結乾燥、スプレードライヤーなどを用いた噴霧乾燥、ドラムドライヤーを用いた加熱乾燥などが挙げられる。スラリーの乾燥の程度は特に制限されないが、典型的には、スラリーを乾燥して得られる固形物の含水量が、一般の穀粉類(α化工程で原材料として用いた穀粉類)の含水量と同程度になるまで乾燥する。一般の穀粉類は通常15質量%程度である。
(A)試薬
使用する試薬は、以下のとおりである。
1)0.8M酢酸-酢酸Na緩衝液
2)10N水酸化ナトリウム溶液
3)2N酢酸溶液
4)酵素溶液:β-アミラーゼ(ナガセケムテックス(株),#1500S)0.017g及びプルラナーゼ(林原生物化学研究所、No.31001)0.17gを前記0.8M酢酸-酢酸Na緩衝液に溶かして100mLとしたもの。
5)失活酵素溶液:前記酵素溶液を10分間煮沸させて調製したもの。
6)ソモギー試薬及びネルソン試薬(還元糖量の測定用試薬)
B-1)サンプル穀粉(α化穀粉類)をホモジナイザーで粉砕し、100メッシュ以下とする。この粉砕したサンプル穀粉0.08~0.10gをガラスホモジナイザーに取る。
B-2)ガラスホモジナイザーの内容物に脱塩水8.0mLを加え、該ガラスホモジナイザーを10~20回上下させて該内容物の分散を行い、分散液を得る。
B-3)2本の25mL容目盛り付き試験管に前記B-2)の分散液を2mLずつとり、その2本のうちの1本は、0.8M酢酸-酢酸Na緩衝液で定容し、試験区とする。
B-4)前記2本のうちの他の1本に、10N水酸化ナトリウム溶液0.2mLを添加し、50℃で3~5分間反応させ、前記B-2)の分散液を完全に糊化させる。その後、該他の1本に2N酢酸溶液1.0mLを添加し、pHを6.0付近に調整した後、0.8M酢酸-酢酸Na緩衝液で定容し、糊化区とする。
B-5)前記B-3)及びB-4)で調製した試験区及び糊化区の試験液をそれぞれ0.4mLとり、それぞれに酵素溶液0.1mLを加えて、40℃で30分間酵素反応させ、反応済液を得る。同時に、ブランクとして、酵素溶液の代わりに失活酵素溶液0.1mLを加えたものも調製する。酵素反応は途中で反応液を時々攪拌させながら行う。
B-6)前記反応済液及びブランクそれぞれの0.5mLにソモギー試薬0.5mLを添加し、沸騰浴中で15分間煮沸する。煮沸後、流水中で5分間冷却した後、ネルソン試薬1.0mLを添加・攪拌し、15分間放置する。
B-7)その後、前記反応済液及びブランクそれぞれに脱塩水8.00mLを加えて攪拌し、500nmの吸光度を測定する。
下式によりα化度を算出する。
α化度(%)={(試験液の分解率)/(完全糊化試験液の分解率)}×100
={(A-a)/(A’-a’)}×100
前記式中、A、A’、a、及びa’は下記のとおりである。
A =試験区の吸光度
A’=糊化区の吸光度
a =試験区のブランクの吸光度
a’=糊化区のブランクの吸光度
穀粉類として小麦粉を用い、小麦粉に所定量の水を加えて水性のスラリーを調製した。このスラリーを、攪拌機(回転可能に設置されたパドル)付き圧力容器の該圧力容器に入れ、該攪拌機で攪拌しつつ、下記表1に示す加熱方法及び加熱温度で加熱して、穀粉類(小麦粉)に含まれる澱粉をα化(糊化)した(α化工程)。α化工程における加熱時間(下記表1に示す加熱温度を保持した時間)は1分間、3分間又は30分間とした。次に、α化工程を経たスラリー(糊化液)を市販の凍結乾燥機(商品名「ジェネシスSQ」、SPインダストリーズ社製)を用いて凍結乾燥し、固形物を得た。次に、得られた固形物を市販のコーヒーミルを用いて粉砕し、目的のα化小麦粉(α化穀粉類)を得た(実施例1~10、比較例1及び3)。
また、小麦粉100質量部に30質量部の水を添加し、エクストルーダーにて所定の加熱温度で所定時間加熱した以外は、前記の手順と同様にしてα化小麦粉を得た(比較例2)。
また、α化工程においてスラリーの加熱中に該スラリーを攪拌せずにα化小麦粉を製造した。具体的には、小麦粉に所定量の水を加えて水性のスラリーを調製し、このスラリーをレトルトパウチ袋に充填、密閉し、オートクレーブを用いて、120℃達温3分で加熱処理した。それ以降は前記の手順と同様にしてα化小麦粉を得た(比較例4及び5)。この方法で行った際、オートクレーブによる加熱後すなわちα化工程を経たスラリーは、離水が生じ、不均一な粘度(部分的にダマ状)となっており、均一に糊化がなされていなかった。また、スラリーがダマ状になっていたことから、凍結乾燥から粉末化するまでの効率も悪かった。
穀粉類として小麦全粒粉、コーンスターチ又は小麦澱粉を用い、下記表2に示す条件でα化工程を実施した以外は、前記の実施例又は比較例と同様にしてα化小麦全粒粉、α化コーンスターチ又はα化小麦澱粉を得た。
下記表3に示す配合の焼き菓子用ミックスを用いて、ベーカリー食品の一種であるパンケーキを製造した。具体的には、ミックス100質量部、砂糖25質量部、ベーキングパウダー5質量部、サラダ油10質量部、全卵30質量部、牛乳50質量部及び適量の水を容器に入れ、120回/分の回転数で手動にて混合攪拌をし、品温25℃でのB型粘度計による粘度が5~10Pa・sの範囲にあるパンケーキ生地を調製した。水の配合量は、パンケーキ生地の粘度が斯かる範囲になる範囲に調整した。調製したパンケーキ生地について10分間の寝かし時間を取った後、グリドルのプレート上に該生地を55g流し込み、該プレートの温度180℃で該生地の片面を3分間焼成した後、該生地を上下反転させて反対側の面を2分間焼成し、粗熱をとった後、パンケーキを製造した。
また、製造したパンケーキの他の一部を、庫内温度4℃の冷蔵庫に3日間収容して保管し、チルド保存パンケーキを得た。このチルド保存パンケーキを、常温環境下で20分間放置した後、適当な大きさにカットし、10名の専門パネラーに食してもらい、その際の食感(冷蔵保管後の食感)を下記評価基準(5点満点)により評価してもらった。
また、製造したパンケーキの更に他の一部を、庫内温度-18℃の冷凍庫に2カ月間収容して保管し、冷凍パンケーキを得た。この冷凍パンケーキを、常温環境下で20分間放置した後、適当な大きさにカットし、10名の専門パネラーに食してもらい、その際の食感(冷凍保管後の食感)を下記評価基準(5点満点)により評価してもらった。
以上の結果(10名の専門パネラーの平均点)を下記表3に示す。
5点:内相はふんわりとして柔らかく、しっとりとした食感を有し、歯切れ、口溶けともに良好。
4点:内相はふんわりとして柔らかい食感を有し、歯切れ、口溶けはやや良好。
3点:内相はややふんわりとし、また、ややヒキがあるため、澱粉の老化感を感じ、歯切れ、口溶けにやや物足りなさがあるものの、問題ないレベル。
2点:内相はふんわり感が弱く、且つヒキとパサつきがあり澱粉の老化感が強いため、歯切れ、口溶けが悪い。
1点:内部の食感が硬く、且つ強いヒキと強いパサつきがあり澱粉の老化感が非常に強いため、歯切れ、口溶けが非常に悪い。
下記表4に示す配合のパン用ミックスを用い、且つ市販のホームベーカリー(商品名「SD-BM103」、パナソニック社製)を用いて、ベーカリー食品の一種であるパンを製造した。具体的には、ミックス100質量部、バター4質量部、砂糖6.8質量部、スキムミルク2.4質量部、食塩2質量部、ドライイースト1.1質量部をホームベーカリーに入れ、該ホームベーカリーが備える「標準コース」を選択してパンを製造した。
5点:内相はふんわりとして柔らかく、しっとりとしている。
4点:内相はふんわりとして柔らかく、ややしっとりしている。
3点:内相はややふんわりで、しっとりとしている。
2点:内相はふんわり感が弱く、パサつく。
1点:内部の触感が硬く、乾燥している。
<パンの食感の評価基準>
3点:しっとりとして、もっちりしている。
2点:ややもっちりしている。
1点:歯切れがよくて、サクイ。
<パンの風味の評価基準>
5点:香ばしい穀物の香りを強く感じ、甘みを感じる。
4点:香ばしい穀物の香りがし、甘みを感じ、エグミがない。
3点:フスマ臭を感じ、エグミも感じるが、問題ないレベル。
2点:フスマ臭がやや強く、エグミを感じる。
1点:フスマ臭が強く、エグミが強い。
下記表5に示す配合の原料粉を用いて、麺類の一種であるノンフライ即席中華麺を製造した。原料粉において、小麦粉として中力粉(日清製粉株式社製「特雀」)を用い、澱粉として酸化タピオカ澱粉(松谷化学工業株式会社製「MKK100」)を用いた。具体的な手順としては、先ず、原料粉100質量部に、食塩1質量部及びかんすい(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製「赤かんすい」)0.4質量部を溶解した水を適量添加し、製麺用ミキサーで常法により10分間混捏して麺生地を調製した。次に、麺生地を製麺ロールにより圧延して厚さ1.2mmの麺帯とし、更に、切刃(#18番角)により麺線に切り出した。次に、麺線を温度100℃の蒸気で2分30秒間蒸熱処理した後、90℃の熱風で20分間乾燥して、ノンフライ即席中華麺を製造した。
5点:十分可食状態であり、良好。
4点:ほぼ可食状態であり、やや良好。
3点:大部分は可食状態であるが、一部に芯が残る。
2点:麺線表面は可食状態であるが、麺線の中心部には芯が残り、やや不良。
1点:麺線表面及び中心部が硬く、不良。
<即席麺の食感の評価基準>
5点:粘りと弾力のバランスが非常によく、極めて良好。
4点:粘りと弾力のバランスが良く、良好。
3点:粘りと弾力のバランスがやや良く、やや良好。
2点:粘りと弾力のバランスがやや悪く、やや不良。
1点:粘りと弾力のバランスが悪く、不良。
下記表6に示す配合の原料粉を用いて、麺類(調理済み冷蔵麺類)の一種である冷蔵茹でうどんを製造した。原料粉において、小麦粉として中力粉(日清製粉株式社製「薫風」)を用い、澱粉としてアセチル化タピオカ澱粉(松谷化学工業株式会社製「あじさい」)を用い、小麦蛋白としてグリコ栄養食品株式会社製「A グルG」を用いた。具体的な手順としては、先ず、原料粉100質量部に、食塩3質量部を溶解した水を適量添加し、-90kPaの減圧下で混捏し麺生地を調製した。次に、麺生地を圧延し、切刃(#10番角)により厚み3mmの麺線に切り出した。次に、麺線を沸騰したお湯で茹でた後、水洗冷却し、冷却した麺線100質量部に、ほぐれ剤(不二製油株式会社製「ソヤアップM3000」)3質量部をスプレーにより均一に付着させて茹でうどんを得た。この茹でうどんを庫内温度5℃の冷蔵庫に24時間保管して、冷蔵茹でうどんを製造した。
5点:粘りと弾力のバランスが非常によく、極めて良好。
4点:粘りと弾力のバランスが良く、良好。
3点:粘りと弾力のバランスがやや良く、やや良好。
2点:粘りと弾力のバランスがやや悪く、やや不良。
1点:粘りと弾力のバランスが悪く、不良。
下記表7に示す配合の原料粉を用いて、麺類(麺皮類)の一種である餃子皮を製造し、更に、製造した餃子皮を用いて調理済み冷蔵餃子の一種である冷蔵焼き餃子を製造した。具体的な手順としては、先ず、原料粉100質量部に、食塩1質量部及び水を適量添加して10分間混捏した後、30分間熟成させて生地を調製した。次に、生地を常法により圧延し最終麺帯厚を1mmとした後、直径85mmの型で切り抜き、生餃子皮を製造した。次に、生餃子皮に餃子の具を12g包餡して生餃子を製造し、この生餃子を焼成調理した後、庫内温度4℃の冷蔵庫に3日間保管して、冷蔵焼き餃子を製造した。
5点:口溶けが非常によく、硬さが全く無く、良好。
4点:口溶けがよく、硬さが無く、やや良好。
3点:口溶け、硬さともに普通。
2点:口溶けが悪く、硬さがあり、やや不良。
1点:口溶けが非常に悪く、硬い食感であり、不良。
下記表7に示す配合の天ぷら衣用ミックスを用いて、油ちょう食品の一種であるえび天ぷらを製造した。天ぷら衣用ミックスにおいて、小麦粉として薄力粉(日清製粉株式社製「フラワー」)を用い、澱粉として小麦澱粉(グリコ栄養食品株式会社製「食品用加工澱粉 銀鱗」)を用いた。具体的な手順としては、先ず、天ぷら衣用ミックス100質量部に水を適量添加して衣液を調製した。次に、衣液に具材としての尾付きえび(20g/頭)を入れてよく絡めた後、衣液が付着したえびを、170℃に熱したサラダ油の入った油槽で2分30秒間油ちょうし、えび天ぷらを製造した。
5点:衣がサクサクとして歯脆さに富み、極めて良好。
4点:衣がサクサクとしており、良好。
3点:衣がややサクサク感に欠けるが、やや良好。
2点:衣がやや硬いかベタついており、サクサク感に乏しい。
1点:衣がやや硬すぎるかベタつきが強く、サクサク感がなく、不良。
また、穀粉類として穀物全粒粉を用いた場合には、穀物全粒粉に特有の臭みやエグミが低減され、且つ食品の食味食感を向上させるとともに、食品に老化耐性を付与し得るα化澱粉類(α化全粒粉)が提供される。
本発明によって製造されたα化澱粉類をベーカリー食品に配合した場合には、ベーカリー食品にふんわりとした柔らかさ、しっとり感、もっちり感が付与されるとともに、老化耐性が付与され、食味食感の経時的劣化が抑制される。本発明によって製造されたα化澱粉類を麺類又は油ちょう食品に配合した場合にも同様の効果が奏され、即席麺に配合した場合には更に、湯戻しの際の復元性が向上し得る。
Claims (10)
- 穀粉類100質量部及び水500質量部以上を含むスラリーを、該スラリーの品温が90℃以上となる条件で加熱し、該穀粉類に含まれる澱粉をα化するα化工程と、
前記α化工程を経た前記スラリーを乾燥して固形物を得る工程とを有し、
前記α化工程において、前記スラリーの加熱中に該スラリーを攪拌する、α化穀粉類の製造方法。 - 前記α化工程において、前記スラリーをその品温が100℃以上となる条件で加熱する、請求項1に記載のα化穀粉類の製造方法。
- 前記α化工程において、前記スラリーをその品温が110~140℃となる条件で加熱する、請求項1又は2に記載のα化穀粉類の製造方法。
- 前記穀粉類として小麦粉を用いる、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のα化穀粉類の製造方法。
- 前記穀粉類として穀物全粒粉を用いる、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のα化穀粉類の製造方法。
- 前記α化工程において、前記スラリーの加熱中に該スラリーに含まれる溶媒の量が変化しないようにする、請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のα化穀粉類の製造方法。
- 前記α化工程において、前記スラリーを加圧雰囲気で加熱する、請求項6に記載のα化穀粉類の製造方法。
- 製造されたα化穀粉類のα化度が90%以上である、請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載のα化穀粉類の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の製造方法で製造されたα化穀粉類を用いる、加工食品の製造方法。
- 前記加工食品がベーカリー食品、麺類又は油ちょう食品である、請求項9に記載の加工食品の製造方法。
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WO2022230840A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-03 | 株式会社日清製粉グループ本社 | 麺類の製造方法 |
WO2022230839A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-03 | 株式会社日清製粉グループ本社 | ベーカリーミックスの製造方法 |
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