WO2022222737A1 - 含氮化合物及包含其的电子元件和电子装置 - Google Patents

含氮化合物及包含其的电子元件和电子装置 Download PDF

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WO2022222737A1
WO2022222737A1 PCT/CN2022/084845 CN2022084845W WO2022222737A1 WO 2022222737 A1 WO2022222737 A1 WO 2022222737A1 CN 2022084845 W CN2022084845 W CN 2022084845W WO 2022222737 A1 WO2022222737 A1 WO 2022222737A1
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unsubstituted
substituted
group
carbon atoms
nitrogen
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French (fr)
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马天天
杨雷
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陕西莱特迈思光电材料有限公司
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Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of organic materials, and in particular, to a nitrogen-containing compound, an electronic component using the nitrogen-containing compound, and an electronic device using the electronic component.
  • Organic electroluminescent devices also known as organic light-emitting diodes, refer to the phenomenon that organic light-emitting materials emit light when excited by an electric current under the action of an electric field. It is a process of converting electrical energy into light energy.
  • organic electroluminescent diodes Compared with inorganic light-emitting materials, organic electroluminescent diodes (OLEDs) have the advantages of active light emission, large optical path range, low driving voltage, high brightness, high efficiency, low energy consumption and simple manufacturing process. It is because of these advantages that organic light-emitting materials and devices have become one of the most popular research topics in the scientific and industrial circles.
  • An organic electroluminescence device generally includes an anode, a hole transport layer, an electroluminescence layer as an energy conversion layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode, which are stacked in sequence.
  • an electric field is generated between the two electrodes.
  • the electrons on the cathode side move to the electroluminescent layer, and the holes on the anode side also move to the light-emitting layer, and the electrons and holes combine in the electroluminescent layer.
  • Excitons are formed, and the excitons are in an excited state to release energy to the outside, thereby causing the electroluminescent layer to emit light to the outside.
  • KR1020160127429A, CN111278803A, CN110229071A, etc. disclose materials that can prepare hole transport layers in organic electroluminescent devices. However, it is still necessary to continue to develop new materials to further improve the performance of electronic components.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a nitrogen-containing compound and electronic components and electronic devices including the same, so as to improve the performance of the electronic components and electronic devices.
  • a nitrogen-containing compound is provided, and the structure of the nitrogen-containing compound is shown in Chemical Formula 1:
  • L, L 1 and L 2 are independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group with 6-30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group with 3-30 carbon atoms base;
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups with 6-30 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups with 3-30 carbon atoms;
  • the substituents in L, L 1 , L 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different from each other, each independently selected from deuterium, halogen group, cyano group, heteroaryl group having 3-20 carbon atoms, carbon Aryl with 6-20 atoms, trialkylsilyl with 3-12 carbon atoms, triarylsilyl with 18-24 carbon atoms, alkyl group with 1-10 carbon atoms, carbon atoms Haloalkyl with 1-10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with 3-10 carbon atoms, heterocycloalkyl with 2-10 carbon atoms, alkoxy with 1-10 carbon atoms, and alkoxy with 1-10 carbon atoms 1-10 alkylthio group, 6-18 carbon atom aryloxy group, 6-18 carbon atom arylthio group or 6-18 carbon atom phosphineoxy group;
  • any two adjacent substituents form a ring.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure is a triarylamine type molecular structure with 1-phenyl-3-amino-9,9-dimethylfluorene as the core group; this type of molecular structure also has a relatively deep HOMO energy high hole mobility, so that when used as the electron blocking layer of organic electroluminescent devices, it has excellent hole injection and transport properties at the same time, so that the device has good voltage and efficiency characteristics; There is a large dihedral angle between the group and the dimethylfluorene group, which can effectively improve the steric hindrance of the compound, reduce the intermolecular force, and make the material have excellent amorphous shape and film-forming properties, so as to maintain a long Device life.
  • Using the nitrogen-containing compound in the electron blocking layer of an organic electroluminescent device can effectively reduce the operating voltage of the device, simultaneously enhance the device efficiency, and prolong the device life.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic component, the electronic component includes an anode and a cathode disposed oppositely, and a functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode; wherein the functional layer comprises the first aspect the nitrogen-containing compounds mentioned.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device including the electronic element described in the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photoelectric conversion device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Example embodiments can be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art.
  • the described features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
  • numerous specific details are provided in order to give a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides a nitrogen-containing compound, and the structure of the nitrogen-containing compound is shown in Formula 1:
  • L, L 1 and L 2 are independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group with 6-30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group with 3-30 carbon atoms base;
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups with 6-30 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups with 3-30 carbon atoms;
  • the substituents in L, L 1 , L 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different from each other, each independently selected from deuterium, halogen group, cyano group, heteroaryl group having 3-20 carbon atoms, carbon Aryl with 6-20 atoms, trialkylsilyl with 3-12 carbon atoms, triarylsilyl with 18-24 carbon atoms, alkyl group with 1-10 carbon atoms, carbon atoms Haloalkyl with 1-10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with 3-10 carbon atoms, heterocycloalkyl with 2-10 carbon atoms, alkoxy with 1-10 carbon atoms, and alkoxy with 1-10 carbon atoms 1-10 alkylthio group, 6-18 carbon atom aryloxy group, 6-18 carbon atom arylthio group or 6-18 carbon atom phosphineoxy group;
  • any two adjacent substituents form a ring.
  • the terms “optional” and “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance can but need not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance does or does not occur.
  • “optionally, two adjacent substituents form a ring;” means that the two substituents may but need not form a ring, including: scenarios where two adjacent substituents form a ring and two phases The case where the adjacent substituents do not form a ring.
  • any two adjacent substituents form a ring may include two substituents on the same atom, and may also include two adjacent atoms each having one substituent Wherein, when there are two substituents on the same atom, the two substituents can form a saturated or unsaturated ring with the atom to which they are commonly connected; when two adjacent atoms have one substituent respectively, The two substituents can be fused to form a ring.
  • a saturated or unsaturated membered ring with 5-13 carbon atoms is formed, for example: benzene ring, naphthalene ring, phenanthrene ring, anthracene ring, fluorene ring, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, adamantane, etc.
  • each independently is and “are independently” and “is independently selected from” can be interchanged, and should be understood in a broad sense, which can be either It means that in different groups, the specific options expressed between the same symbols do not affect each other, and it can also mean that in the same group, the specific options expressed between the same symbols do not affect each other.
  • each q is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, and each R" is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, fluorine, chlorine", and its meaning is:
  • formula Q-1 represents that there are q substituents R" on the benzene ring , each R" can be the same or different, and the options of each R" do not affect each other;
  • formula Q-2 indicates that each benzene ring of biphenyl has q substituents R", and the R" on the two benzene rings The number q of "substituents" can be the same or different, each R" can be the same or different, and the options of each R" do not affect each other.
  • an unpositioned linker refers to a single bond extending from the ring system It means that one end of the linking bond can be connected to any position in the ring system through which the bond runs, and the other end is connected to the rest of the compound molecule.
  • the naphthyl group represented by the formula (f) is connected to other positions of the molecule through two non-positioned linkages running through the bicyclic ring. -1) to any possible connection method shown in formula (f-10).
  • the phenanthrene represented by the formula (X') is connected to other positions of the molecule through a non-positioned link extending from the middle of one side of the benzene ring, which represents The meaning of , includes any possible connection modes shown by formula (X'-1) to formula (X'-4).
  • a non-positioned substituent in the present disclosure refers to a substituent attached through a single bond extending from the center of the ring system, which means that the substituent may be attached at any possible position in the ring system.
  • the substituent R' represented by the formula (Y) is connected to the quinoline ring through a non-positioning link, and the meanings represented by the formula (Y-1) to Any possible connection mode shown by formula (Y-7).
  • the numbers of carbon atoms of L, L 1 , L 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 2 refer to all the numbers of carbon atoms.
  • L is selected from a substituted arylene group having 12 carbon atoms, then all carbon atoms in the arylene group and the substituents thereon are 12.
  • Ar 1 is Then the number of carbon atoms is 7; L is Its carbon number is 12.
  • hetero refers to a functional group including at least 1 heteroatom such as B, N, O, S, Se, Si or P and the remaining atoms are carbon and hydrogen .
  • An unsubstituted alkyl group can be a "saturated alkyl group" without any double or triple bonds.
  • alkyl may include straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups.
  • An alkyl group can have 1-10 carbon atoms, and in this disclosure, a numerical range such as “1-10” refers to each integer in the given range; for example, “1-10 carbon atoms” means that 1 can be included alkanes of carbon atoms, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, 6 carbon atoms, 7 carbon atoms, 8 carbon atoms, 9 carbon atoms, 10 carbon atoms base.
  • the alkyl group is selected from alkyl groups with 1-5 carbon atoms, and specific examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec- Butyl, tert-butyl and pentyl.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a group derived from a saturated cyclic carbon chain structure.
  • Cycloalkyl groups can have 3-10 carbon atoms, and in the present disclosure, numerical ranges such as “3-10" refer to each integer in the given range; for example, “3-10 carbon atoms” means that can contain Cycloalkyl of 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, 6 carbon atoms, 7 carbon atoms, 8 carbon atoms, 9 carbon atoms, 10 carbon atoms.
  • specific examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.
  • an aryl group refers to an optional functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic carbocyclic ring.
  • Aryl groups can be monocyclic aryl groups (eg, phenyl) or polycyclic aryl groups, in other words, aryl groups can be monocyclic aryl groups, fused-ring aryl groups, two or more monocyclic aryl groups conjugated through carbon-carbon bonds. Cyclic aryl groups, monocyclic aryl groups and fused-ring aryl groups linked by carbon-carbon bond conjugation, two or more fused-ring aryl groups linked by carbon-carbon bond conjugation.
  • two or more aromatic groups linked by carbon-carbon bond conjugation may also be considered aryl groups of the present disclosure.
  • the fused ring aryl group may include, for example, a bicyclic fused aryl group (eg, naphthyl), a tricyclic fused aryl group (eg, phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl), and the like.
  • the aryl group does not contain heteroatoms such as B, N, O, S, P, Se and Si.
  • biphenyl, terphenyl, etc. are aryl groups.
  • aryl groups may include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, biphenyl, terphenyl, tetraphenyl, pentaphenyl, benzo[9,10] phenanthryl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthene, Base et al.
  • the "substituted or unsubstituted aryl group" of the present disclosure may contain 6-30 carbon atoms, in some embodiments, the number of carbon atoms in the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group is 6-25, in other embodiments The number of carbon atoms in the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group is 6-18, and in other embodiments, the number of carbon atoms in the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group may be 6-13.
  • the number of carbon atoms of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group may be 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24, 25 , 30, of course, the number of carbon atoms can also be other numbers, which will not be listed here.
  • biphenyl can also be understood as phenyl substituted phenyl.
  • the arylene group referred to refers to a divalent or multivalent group formed by the further loss of one or more hydrogen atoms from an aryl group.
  • a substituted aryl group may be one or two or more hydrogen atoms in an aryl group replaced by a group such as a deuterium atom, a halogen group, a cyano group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a trialkylsilyl group, an alkyl group, Cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio and other groups are substituted.
  • a group such as a deuterium atom, a halogen group, a cyano group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a trialkylsilyl group, an alkyl group, Cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio and other groups are substituted.
  • the number of carbon atoms in a substituted aryl group refers to the total number of carbon atoms in the aryl group and the substituents on the aryl group, for example, a substituted aryl group with a carbon number of 18 refers to the
  • aryl groups as substituents include but are not limited to: phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, dimethylfluorenyl, biphenyl, diphenylfluorenyl, spirobifluorene Base et al.
  • the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and the two substituent groups may be combined with each other to form a spiro structure.
  • Specific examples include but are not limited to the following structures:
  • a heteroaryl group refers to a monovalent aromatic ring or a derivative thereof containing at least one heteroatom in the ring, which may be at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, Se, and S.
  • a heteroaryl group can be a monocyclic heteroaryl group or a polycyclic heteroaryl group, in other words, a heteroaryl group can be a single aromatic ring system or multiple aromatic ring systems linked by carbon-carbon bonds, and any aromatic
  • the ring system is an aromatic monocyclic ring or an aromatic fused ring.
  • heteroaryl groups can include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl Azinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thiophene thieny
  • thienyl, furyl, phenanthroline, etc. are heteroaryl groups of a single aromatic ring system type
  • N-arylcarbazolyl and N-heteroarylcarbazolyl are polycarbazolyl groups conjugated through carbon-carbon bonds.
  • Heteroaryl of ring system type is the same as thienyl, furyl, phenanthroline, etc.
  • the "substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl" of the present disclosure may contain 3-30 carbon atoms, in some embodiments, the number of carbon atoms in the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl may be 3-25, in other In some embodiments, the number of carbon atoms in the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group may be 5-20, and in other embodiments, the number of carbon atoms in the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group may be 12-20 indivual. For example, the number of carbon atoms can be 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 13, 18, 20, 24, 25 or 30. Of course, the number of carbon atoms can also be are other quantities, which will not be listed here.
  • the referenced heteroarylene group refers to a divalent group formed by the further loss of one hydrogen atom from the heteroaryl group.
  • a substituted heteroaryl group may be one or two or more hydrogen atoms in the heteroaryl group replaced by a group such as a deuterium atom, a halogen group, a cyano group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a trialkylsilyl group, an alkane group group, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio and other groups.
  • a group such as a deuterium atom, a halogen group, a cyano group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a trialkylsilyl group, an alkane group group, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio and other groups.
  • heteroaryl groups as substituents include, but are not limited to, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl, N-phenylcarbazolyl, phenanthroline, etc. .
  • halogen groups may include fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, and the like.
  • trialkylsilyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl.
  • triarylsilyl group having 18 to 24 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, triphenylsilyl and the like.
  • haloalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethyl and trifluoroethyl.
  • L, L 1 and L 2 are independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6-20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 5-20 carbon atoms, or a single bond. Unsubstituted heteroarylene.
  • the substituents in L, L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are independently selected from deuterium, halogen group, cyano group, alkyl group with 1-5 carbon atoms, and alkyl group with 1-5 carbon atoms.
  • substituents in L, L 1 and L 2 include but are not limited to: deuterium, fluorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, trifluoro Methyl, phenyl, naphthyl or biphenyl.
  • L is selected from a single bond, unsubstituted phenylene, unsubstituted naphthylene, unsubstituted biphenylene, or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl.
  • L is selected from the group consisting of a single bond or the following groups:
  • L 1 and L 2 are independently selected from single bond, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene, substituted or unsubstituted anthracene, substituted or unsubstituted Unsubstituted phenanthrene, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenylene, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienylene, Substituted or unsubstituted carbazolylylene.
  • the substituents in L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and are independently selected from deuterium, fluorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl or biphenyl.
  • L 1 and L 2 are independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted group V; the unsubstituted group V is selected from the group consisting of the following groups:
  • the substituted group V has one or more substituents, each of which is independently selected from: deuterium, fluorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl , phenyl, naphthyl or biphenyl; when the number of substituents of group V is greater than 1, each substituent is the same or different.
  • L 1 and L 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond or the following groups:
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different, and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6-25 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 5-20 carbon atoms, respectively. Substituted heteroaryl.
  • the substituents of Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different, and are independently selected from deuterium, halogen group, cyano group, alkyl group with 1-5 carbon atoms, aryl group with 6-20 carbon atoms. group, heteroaryl group with 12-18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group with 5-10 carbon atoms, trialkylsilyl group or triphenylsilyl group with 3-12 carbon atoms.
  • any two adjacent substituents form a saturated or unsaturated ring with 5-13 carbon atoms.
  • any two adjacent substituents form a fluorene ring Cyclopentane or cyclohexane
  • the substituents of Ar 1 and Ar 2 include but are not limited to: deuterium, fluorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, bi- Phenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, trimethylsilyl or triphenylsilyl.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different, and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted Unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl, substituted or unsubstituted Carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted triphenylene.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are selected from a substituted or unsubstituted group W, and the unsubstituted group W is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the substituted group W has one or more substituents, each of which is independently selected from: deuterium, fluorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl , phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, trimethylsilyl or triphenylsilyl; when the number of substituents in group W is greater than 1, each substituent same or different.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are selected from the group consisting of, but are not limited to:
  • the nitrogen-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited to:
  • the present disclosure also provides an electronic component comprising an anode and a cathode disposed oppositely, and a functional layer disposed between the anode and the cathode; wherein the functional layer comprises the nitrogen-containing compound of the present disclosure .
  • the electronic component is an organic electroluminescent device.
  • the organic electroluminescence device includes an anode 100 and a cathode 200 disposed opposite to each other, and a functional layer 300 disposed between the anode 100 and the cathode 200; the functional layer 300 includes the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure .
  • the functional layer 300 includes an electron blocking layer 322 comprising the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure.
  • the electron blocking layer 322 may be composed of the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure, or may be composed of the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure and other materials.
  • the functional layer 300 includes a hole transport layer 321 or a hole injection layer 310, and the hole transport layer 321 or the hole injection layer 310 may contain the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure, so as to improve the efficiency of holes in electronic components. transmission capacity.
  • the organic electroluminescent device may include an anode 100 , a hole transport layer 321 , an electron blocking layer 322 , an organic light emitting layer 330 serving as an energy conversion layer, and an electron transport layer 350 , which are stacked in sequence. and cathode 200.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure can be applied to the electron blocking layer 322 of an organic electroluminescent device, which can effectively improve the luminous efficiency and lifespan of the organic electroluminescent device, and reduce the driving voltage of the organic electroluminescent device.
  • the anode 100 includes an anode material, which is preferably a material with a large work function that facilitates hole injection into the functional layer.
  • anode materials include: metals such as nickel, platinum, vanadium, chromium, copper, zinc and gold or alloys thereof; metal oxides such as zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO); Combined metals and oxides such as ZnO:Al or SnO2 :Sb; or conducting polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene), poly[3,4-(ethylene-1,2-dioxy)thiophene ](PEDT), polypyrrole and polyaniline, but not limited thereto.
  • ITO Indium tin oxide
  • ITO Indium tin oxide
  • the hole transport layer 321 may include one or more hole transport materials, and the hole transport materials may be selected from carbazole polymers, carbazole-linked triarylamine compounds or other types of compounds. This does not make special restrictions.
  • the hole transport layer 321 is composed of the compound HT-01.
  • the organic light-emitting layer 330 may be composed of a single light-emitting material, or may include a host material and a guest material.
  • the organic light-emitting layer 330 is composed of a host material and a guest material.
  • the holes injected into the organic light-emitting layer 330 and the electrons injected into the organic light-emitting layer 330 can recombine in the organic light-emitting layer 330 to form excitons, and the excitons transfer energy to the organic light-emitting layer 330.
  • Host material the host material transfers energy to the guest material, thereby enabling the guest material to emit light.
  • the host material of the organic light-emitting layer 330 may be metal chelate compounds, bis-styryl derivatives, aromatic amine derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives or other types of materials, which are not particularly limited in the present disclosure.
  • the host material of the organic light-emitting layer 330 is RH-01.
  • the guest material of the organic light-emitting layer 330 may be a compound having a condensed aryl ring or a derivative thereof, a compound having a heteroaryl ring or a derivative thereof, an aromatic amine derivative or other materials, which are not specially made in this disclosure. limit.
  • the guest material of the organic light-emitting layer 330 is Ir(Piq) 2 (acac).
  • the electron transport layer 350 may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, which may include one or more electron transport materials, and the electron transport materials may be selected from benzimidazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, quinoxaline Derivatives or other electron transport materials, which are not specifically limited in the present disclosure.
  • the electron transport layer 350 is composed of ET-01 and LiQ.
  • the cathode 200 includes a cathode material, which is a material with a small work function that facilitates electron injection into the functional layer.
  • cathode materials include: metals such as magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, gadolinium, aluminum, silver, tin and lead or alloys thereof; or multilayer materials such as LiF/Al, Liq/ Al, LiO 2 /Al, LiF/Ca, LiF/Al, and BaF 2 /Ca, but not limited thereto.
  • Metal electrodes comprising silver and magnesium are preferred as cathodes.
  • a hole injection layer 310 may also be disposed between the anode 100 and the hole transport layer 321 to enhance the capability of injecting holes into the hole transport layer 321 .
  • the hole injection layer 310 can be selected from benzidine derivatives, starburst arylamine compounds, phthalocyanine derivatives or other materials, which are not specifically limited in the present disclosure.
  • the hole injection layer 310 is composed of HAT-CN.
  • an electron injection layer 360 may also be disposed between the cathode 200 and the electron transport layer 350 to enhance the capability of injecting electrons into the electron transport layer 350 .
  • the electron injection layer 360 may include inorganic materials such as alkali metal sulfide and alkali metal halide, or may include a complex compound of alkali metal and organic matter.
  • the electron injection layer 360 is composed of LiQ.
  • a hole blocking layer 340 may also be disposed between the organic light-emitting layer 330 and the electron transport layer 350 .
  • the organic electroluminescent device is a red light device.
  • the electronic component is a photoelectric conversion device.
  • the photoelectric conversion device may include an anode 100 and a cathode 200 disposed opposite to each other, and a functional layer disposed between the anode 100 and the cathode 200 300; the functional layer 300 includes the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure.
  • the functional layer 300 includes an electron blocking layer 322 comprising the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure.
  • the electron blocking layer 322 may be composed of the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure, or may be composed of the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure and other materials.
  • the photoelectric conversion device may include an anode 100 , a hole transport layer 321 , an electron blocking layer 322 , a photoelectric conversion layer 370 serving as an energy conversion layer, an electron transport layer 350 and a cathode 200 , which are stacked in sequence.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound provided by the present disclosure can be applied to the electron blocking layer 322 of the photoelectric conversion device, and can effectively improve the luminous efficiency and lifespan of the photoelectric conversion device, and increase the open circuit voltage of the photoelectric conversion device.
  • a hole injection layer 310 may also be disposed between the anode 100 and the hole transport layer 321 .
  • an electron injection layer 360 may also be disposed between the cathode 200 and the electron transport layer 350 .
  • a hole blocking layer 340 may also be disposed between the photoelectric conversion layer 370 and the electron transport layer 350 .
  • the photoelectric conversion device may be a solar cell, especially an organic thin film solar cell.
  • the solar cell includes an anode 100 , a hole injection layer 310 , a hole transport layer 321 , an electron blocking layer 322 , a photoelectric conversion layer 370 , and a hole blocking layer that are stacked in sequence.
  • the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes the electronic element described in the second aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the electronic device is a first electronic device 400
  • the first electronic device 400 includes the above-mentioned organic electroluminescence device.
  • the first electronic device 400 may be a display device, a lighting device, an optical communication device, or other types of electronic devices, such as but not limited to computer screens, mobile phone screens, televisions, electronic paper, emergency lighting, light modules, and the like.
  • the electronic device is a second electronic device 500
  • the second electronic device 500 includes the above-mentioned photoelectric conversion device.
  • the second electronic device 500 may be a solar power generation device, a light detector, a fingerprint identification device, an optical module, a CCD camera, or other types of electronic devices.
  • 2,6-Dibromo-4-chlorobenzoate (70.0 g; 213.2 mmol), phenylboronic acid (65.0 g; 532.9 mmol), tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium (9.9 g; 8.5 mmol), potassium carbonate ( 117.8 g; 852.7 mmol), tetrabutylammonium bromide (27.5 g; 85.3 mmol), toluene (600 mL), ethanol (150 mL) and deionized water (150 mL) were added to a round-bottomed flask, and the temperature was stirred under nitrogen protection. to 75°C-80°C for 48 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, washed with water, the organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate/n-heptane as the eluent to obtain a light gray solid intermediate i (46.5 g; 68% yield).
  • the aqueous solution was extracted with dichloromethane, the organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; the obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using an ethyl acetate/n-heptane system to obtain a white solid intermediate ii (26.0 g; 57% yield).
  • the reactant C in Table 3 was used to replace intermediate a, and the reactant D was used to replace N-(4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4 - Amines, the compounds in Table 3 were synthesized.
  • Table 4 shows the mass spectral data of the compounds in the synthesis examples.
  • the anode is prepared by the following process: the thickness is The ITO substrate (manufactured by Corning) was cut into a size of 40mm ⁇ 40mm ⁇ 0.7mm, and a photolithography process was used to prepare it into an experimental substrate with patterns of cathodes, anodes and insulating layers, using ultraviolet ozone and O 2 : N 2 plasma. Surface treatment to increase the work function of the anode (experimental substrate) and remove scum.
  • HAT-CN was vacuum evaporated on the experimental substrate (anode) to form a thickness of The hole injection layer (HIL) of , and HT-01 was evaporated on the hole injection layer to form a thickness of the hole transport layer.
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • Compound 2 was vacuum evaporated on the hole transport layer to form a thickness of electron blocking layer.
  • RH-01:Ir(Piq) 2 (acac) was co-evaporated at a film thickness ratio of 95%:5% to form a thickness of The organic light-emitting layer (red light-emitting layer, R-EML).
  • ET-01 and LiQ were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1 and evaporated to form Thick electron transport layer (ETL), LiQ was evaporated on the electron transport layer to form a thickness of The electron injection layer (EIL) of the the cathode.
  • ETL Thick electron transport layer
  • CPL organic capping layer
  • An organic electroluminescent device was fabricated by the same method as in Example 1, except that the compounds shown in the following table were substituted for Compound 2 in forming the electron blocking layer.
  • An organic electroluminescence device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 2 was replaced with Compound NPB when forming the electron blocking layer.
  • An organic electroluminescent device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound A was used instead of Compound 2 when forming the electron blocking layer.
  • An organic electroluminescence device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound B was used instead of Compound 2 when forming the electron blocking layer.
  • An organic electroluminescence device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound C was used instead of Compound 2 when forming the electron blocking layer.
  • An organic electroluminescent device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound D was used instead of Compound 2 when forming the electron blocking layer.
  • the nitrogen-containing compounds of the present disclosure are used as electron blocking layer materials for red light devices.
  • the luminous efficiency Cd/A is increased by at least 11.4%
  • the external quantum efficiency is increased by at least 11.4%
  • EQE is improved by at least 13.4% and lifespan is improved by at least 13.5%.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure has a significant decrease in the device driving voltage, and the efficiency and lifetime are also greatly improved; compared with the comparative example 2, when the device driving voltage is comparable, the lifetime and luminous efficiency are There is a certain improvement; the reason may be that compared with compound A, the amine group in the nitrogen-containing compound of the present disclosure is connected to the 3rd position of the fluorenyl group. Compared with the connection method of the 2nd position of compound A, the material has a deeper HOMO level, thus making it easier for holes to be injected into the light-emitting layer.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound of the present disclosure when used to prepare a red organic electroluminescence device, the efficiency of the organic electroluminescence device can be improved, and the device has a long lifetime.

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Abstract

本公开属于有机材料技术领域，提供了一种含氮化合物及包含其的电子元件和电子装置，该含氮化合物的结构如化学式1所示。

Description

含氮化合物及包含其的电子元件和电子装置
本公开要求在2021年04月21日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202110430770.X的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及有机材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种含氮化合物、应用该含氮化合物的电子元件和应用该电子元件的电子装置。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件又称为有机发光二极管，是指有机发光材料在电场作用下，受到电流的激发而发光的现象。它是一种将电能转换为光能的过程。相比于无机发光材料，有机电致发光二极管OLED具有主动发光、光程范围大、驱动电压低、亮度大、效率高、耗能少以及制作工艺简单等优点。正是由于这些优点，有机发光材料与器件已经成为科学界和产业界十分热门的科研课题之一。
有机电致发光器件一般包括依次层叠设置的阳极、空穴传输层、作为能量转化层的电致发光层、电子传输层和阴极。当阴阳两极施加电压时，两电极产生电场，在电场的作用下，阴极侧的电子向电致发光层移动，阳极侧的空穴也向发光层移动，电子和空穴在电致发光层结合形成激子，激子处于激发态向外释放能量，进而使得电致发光层对外发光。
现有技术中，KR1020160127429A、CN111278803A、CN110229071A等公开了可以在有机电致发光器件中制备空穴传输层的材料。然而，依然有必要继续研发新型的材料，以进一步提高电子元器件的性能。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种含氮化合物及包含其的电子元件和电子装置，以改善电子元件和电子装置的性能。
为实现上述发明目的，本公开采用如下技术方案：
根据本公开的第一个方面，提供一种含氮化合物，所述含氮化合物的结构如化学式1所示：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000001
其中，L、L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6-30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3-30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
Ar 1和Ar 2分别独立地选自碳原子数为6-30的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3-30的取代或未 取代的杂芳基；
L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2中的各取代基彼此相同或不同，各自独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3-20的杂芳基、碳原子数为6-20的芳基、碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为18-24的三芳基硅基、碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3-10的环烷基、碳原子数为2-10的杂环烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-10的烷硫基、碳原子数为6-18的芳氧基、碳原子数为6-18的芳硫基或碳原子数为6-18的膦氧基；
任选地，在L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2中，任意两个相邻的取代基形成环。
本公开提供的含氮化合物，是以1-苯基-3-胺基-9,9-二甲基芴为核心基团的三芳胺型分子结构；该类型分子结构同时具有较深的HOMO能级以及高的空穴迁移率，从而在作为有机电致发光器件的电子阻挡层时，同时具有优秀的空穴注入和传输性能，使器件具有良好的电压以及效率特性；而1位连接的苯基与二甲基芴基团之间有大的二面角，能够有效提升化合物的空间位阻，降低分子间作用力，使材料具有优秀的无定型形态和成膜性能，从而保持较长的器件寿命。将该含氮化合物用于有机电致发光器件的电子阻挡层，可以有效降低器件的工作电压，同时增强器件效率，并提升器件寿命。
本公开的第二方面提供一种电子元件，该电子元件包括相对设置的阳极和阴极，以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层；其中，所述功能层包含第一方面所述的含氮化合物。
本公开的第三方面提供一种电子装置，该电子装置包括第二方面所述的电子元件。
附图说明
并入到说明书中并且构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本公开的实施例，并且与描述一起用于解释本公开的原理。在这些附图中，类似的附图标记用于表示类似的要素。下面描述中的附图是本公开的一些实施例，而不是全部实施例。对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。通过参照附图详细描述其示例实施方式，本公开的上述和其它特征及优点将变得更加明显。
图1是本公开一种实施方式的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
图2是本公开一种实施方式的光电转化器件的结构示意图。
图3是本公开一种实施方式的电子装置的结构示意图。
图4是本公开另一种实施方式的电子装置的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
100、阳极；200、阴极；300、功能层；310、空穴注入层；321、空穴传输层；322、电子阻挡层；330、有机发光层；340、空穴阻挡层；350、电子传输层；360、电子注入层；370、光电转化层；400、第一电子装置；500、第二电子装置。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施例。然而，示例实施例能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的范例；相反，提供这些实施例使得本公开将更加全面和完整，并将示例实施例的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合 在一个或更多实施例中。在下面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出对本公开的实施例的充分理解。
在图中，为了清晰，可能夸大了区域和层的厚度。在图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略它们的详细描述。
本公开提供一种含氮化合物，所述含氮化合物的结构如式1所示：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000002
其中，L、L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6-30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3-30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
Ar 1和Ar 2分别独立地选自碳原子数为6-30的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3-30的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2中的各取代基彼此相同或不同，各自独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3-20的杂芳基、碳原子数为6-20的芳基、碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为18-24的三芳基硅基、碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3-10的环烷基、碳原子数为2-10的杂环烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-10的烷硫基、碳原子数为6-18的芳氧基、碳原子数为6-18的芳硫基或碳原子数为6-18的膦氧基；
任选地，在L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2中，任意两个相邻的取代基形成环。
在本公开中，术语“任选”、“任选地”意味着随后所描述的事件或者环境可以发生但不必发生，该说明包括该事情或者环境发生或者不发生的场合。例如，“任选地，两个相邻取代基形成环；”意味着这两个取代基可以形成环但不是必须形成环，包括：两个相邻的取代基形成环的情景和两个相邻的取代基不形成环的情景。
在本公开中，“任意两个相邻的取代基形成环”中，“任意相邻”可以包括同一个原子上具有两个取代基，还可以包括两个相邻的原子上分别具有一个取代基；其中，当同一个原子上具有两个取代基时，两个取代基可以与其共同连接的该原子形成饱和或不饱和的环；当两个相邻的原子上分别具有一个取代基时，这两个取代基可以稠合成环。举例而言，当Ar 1有2个或2个以上的取代基，任意相邻的取代基形成环时，形成的是饱和或不饱和的碳原子数为5-13的元环，例如：苯环、萘环、菲环、蒽环、芴环、环戊烷、环己烷、金刚烷等。
在本公开中，所采用的描述方式“各……独立地为”与“……分别独立地为”和“……独立地选自”可以互换，均应做广义理解，其既可以是指在不同基团中，相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响，也可以表示在相同的基团中，相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响。例如，
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000003
其中，各q独立地为0、1、2或3，各R”独立地选自氢、氘、氟、氯”， 其含义是：式Q-1表示苯环上有q个取代基R”，各个R”可以相同也可以不同，每个R”的选项之间互不影响；式Q-2表示联苯的每一个苯环上有q个取代基R”，两个苯环上的R”取代基的个数q可以相同或不同，各个R”可以相同也可以不同，每个R”的选项之间互不影响。
本公开中，不定位连接键是指从环体系中伸出的单键
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000004
其表示该连接键的一端可以连接该键所贯穿的环体系中的任意位置，另一端连接化合物分子其余部分。
举例而言，如下式(f)中所示地，式(f)所表示的萘基通过两个贯穿双环的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接，其所表示的含义，包括如式(f-1)～式(f-10)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000005
再举例而言，如下式(X')中所示地，式(X')所表示的菲基通过一个从一侧苯环中间伸出的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接，其所表示的含义，包括如式(X'-1)～式(X'-4)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000006
本公开中的不定位取代基，指的是通过一个从环体系中央伸出的单键连接的取代基，其表示该取代基可以连接在该环体系中的任何可能位置。例如，如下式(Y)中所示地，式(Y)所表示的取代基R'通过一个不定位连接键与喹啉环连接，其所表示的含义，包括如式(Y-1)～式(Y-7)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000007
在本公开中，L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2的碳原子数，指的是所有碳原子数。举例而言，若L选自碳原子数为12的取代的亚芳基，则亚芳基及其上的取代基的所有碳原子数为12。例如：Ar 1为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000008
则 其碳原子数为7；L为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000009
其碳原子数为12。
在本公开中，当没有另外提供具体的定义时，“杂”是指在一个官能团中包括至少1个B、N、O、S、Se、Si或P等杂原子且其余原子为碳和氢。未取代的烷基可以是没有任何双键或三键的“饱和烷基基团”。
在本公开中，“烷基”可以包括直链烷基或支链烷基。烷基可具有1-10个碳原子，在本公开中，诸如“1-10”的数值范围是指给定范围中的各个整数；例如，“1-10个碳原子”是指可包含1个碳原子、2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子、6个碳原子、7个碳原子、8个碳原子、9个碳原子、10个碳原子的烷基。
可选地，烷基选自碳原子数为1-5的烷基，具体施例包括但不限于，甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基和戊基。
在本公开中，环烷基指的是衍生自饱和环状碳链结构的基团。环烷基可具有3-10个碳原子，在本公开中，诸如“3-10”的数值范围是指给定范围中的各个整数；例如，“3-10个碳原子”是指可包含3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子、6个碳原子、7个碳原子、8个碳原子、9个碳原子、10个碳原子的环烷基。可选地，环烷基具体实施例包括但不限于环戊基、环己基等。
在本公开中，芳基指的是衍生自芳香碳环的任选官能团或取代基。芳基可以是单环芳基(例如苯基)或多环芳基，换言之，芳基可以是单环芳基、稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个单环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的单环芳基和稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个稠环芳基。即，除非另有说明，通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个芳香基团也可以视为本公开的芳基。其中，稠环芳基例如可以包括双环稠合芳基(例如萘基)、三环稠合芳基(例如菲基、芴基、蒽基)等。芳基中不含有B、N、O、S、P、Se和Si等杂原子。举例而言，在本公开中，联苯基、三联苯基等为芳基。芳基的实例可以包括但不限于，苯基、萘基、芴基、蒽基、菲基、联苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、五联苯基、苯并[9,10]菲基、芘基、苯并荧蒽基、
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000010
基等。
本公开的“取代或未取代的芳基”可含有6-30个碳原子，在一些实施例中，取代或未取代的芳基中的碳原子数是6-25个，在另一些实施例中，取代或未取代的芳基中的碳原子数是6-18个，在另一些实施例中，取代或未取代的芳基中的碳原子数可以是6-13个。举例而言，本公开中，取代或未取代的芳基的碳原子数量可以是6个、10个、12个、13个、14个、15个、18个、20个、24个、25个、30个，当然，碳原子数还可以是其他数量，在此不再一一列举。在本公开中，联苯基也可以理解为苯基取代的苯基。
本公开中，涉及的亚芳基是指芳基进一步失去一个或多个氢原子所形成的二价或多价基团。
在本公开中，取代的芳基可以是芳基中的一个或者两个以上氢原子被诸如氘原子、卤素基团、氰基、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基等基团取代。应当理解地是，取代的芳基的碳原子数，指的是芳基和芳基上的取代基的碳原子总数，例如碳原子数为18的取代的芳基，指的是芳基及其取代基的总碳原子数为18。
在本公开中，作为取代基的芳基，具体实例包括但不限于：苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、二甲基芴基、联苯基、二苯基芴基、螺二芴基等。
在本公开中，芴基可以是取代的，两个取代基可以彼此结合形成螺结构，具体施例包括但不限于以下结构：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000011
在本公开中，杂芳基是指环中包含至少一个杂原子的一价芳香环或其衍生物，杂原子可以是B、O、N、P、Si、Se和S中的至少一种。杂芳基可以是单环杂芳基或多环杂芳基，换言之，杂芳基可以是单个芳香环体系，也可以是通过碳碳键共轭连接的多个芳香环体系，且任一芳香环体系为一个芳香单环或者一个芳香稠环。示例地，杂芳基可以包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、***基、吡啶基、联吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、吖啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、吩噁嗪基、酞嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、吡嗪并吡嗪基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咔唑基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、噻吩并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、菲咯啉基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、吩噻嗪基、硅芴基、二苯并呋喃基以及N-芳基咔唑基(如N-苯基咔唑基)、N-杂芳基咔唑基(如N-吡啶基咔唑基)、N-烷基咔唑基(如N-甲基咔唑基)等，而不限于此。其中，噻吩基、呋喃基、菲咯啉基等为单个芳香环体系类型的杂芳基，N-芳基咔唑基、N-杂芳基咔唑基为通过碳碳键共轭连接的多环体系类型的杂芳基。本公开的“取代或未取代的杂芳基”可含有3-30个碳原子，在一些实施例中，取代或未取代的杂芳基中的碳原子数可以是3-25个，在另一些实施例中，取代或未取代的杂芳基中的碳原子数可以是5-20个，在另一些实施例中，取代或未取代的杂芳基中的碳原子数可以是12-20个。举例而言，其碳原子数量可以是3个、4个、5个、7个、12个、13个、18个、20个、24个、25个或30个，当然，碳原子数还可以是其他数量，在此不再一一列举。
本公开中，涉及的亚杂芳基是指杂芳基进一步失去一个氢原子所形成的二价基团。
在本公开中，取代的杂芳基可以是杂芳基中的一个或者两个以上氢原子被诸如氘原子、卤素基团、氰基、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基等基团取代。应当理解地是，取代的杂芳基的碳原子数，指的是杂芳基和杂芳基上的取代基的碳原子总数。
在本公开中，作为取代基的杂芳基，具体实例包括但不限于：二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基、N-苯基咔唑基、菲咯啉基等等。
在本公开中，卤素基团可以包括氟、碘、溴、氯等。
在本公开中，碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基的具体实例包括但不限于，三甲基硅基、三乙基硅基。
在本公开中，碳原子数为18-24的三芳基硅基的具体实例包括但不限于，三苯基硅基等。
在本公开中，碳原子数为1-10的卤代烷基具体实例包括但不限于，三氟甲基、三氟乙基。
按照本公开一种实施方式，L、L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6-20的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为5-20的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基。
可选地，L、L 1和L 2中的取代基相同或不同，分别独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1-5的烷基、碳原子数为1-5的卤代烷基或碳原子数为6-12的芳基。
具体地，所述L、L 1和L 2中的取代基具体实例包括但不限于：氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、苯基、萘基或联苯基。
按照本公开一种实施方式，L选自单键、未取代的亚苯基、未取代的亚萘基、未取代的亚联苯基或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基。
具体地，L选自单键或如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000012
按照本公开一种实施方式，L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚蒽基、取代或未取代的亚菲基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基、取代或未取代的亚芴基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的亚咔唑基。
可选地，L 1和L 2中的取代基相同或不同，分别独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基或联苯基。
按照本公开另一种实施方式，L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的基团V；所述未取代的基团V选自以下基团组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000013
其中，取代的基团V上具有一个或多个取代基，所述取代基各自独立地选自：氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基或联苯基；当基团V的取代基个数大于1时，各取代基相同或不同。
可选地，L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键或以下基团组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000014
按照本公开的一种实施方式，Ar 1和Ar 2相同或不同，分别独立地选自碳原子数为6-25的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为5-20的取代或未取代的杂芳基。
可选地，Ar 1和Ar 2的取代基相同或不同，分别独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1-5的烷基、碳原子数为6-20的芳基、碳原子数为12-18的杂芳基、碳原子数为5-10的环烷基、碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基或三苯基硅基。
任选地，Ar 1和Ar 2的取代基中，任意两个相邻的取代基形成碳原子数为5-13的饱和或不饱和环。举例而言，在Ar 1和Ar 2的取代基中，任意两个相邻的取代基形成芴环
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000015
环戊烷
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000016
或环己烷
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000017
具体地，所述Ar 1和Ar 2的取代基包括但不限于：氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基、三甲基硅基或三苯基硅基。
按照本公开的一种实施方式，Ar 1和Ar 2相同或不同，分别独立地选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的菲基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的三亚苯基。
按照本公开的一种实施方式，Ar 1和Ar 2选自取代或未取代的基团W，所述未取代的基团W选自如下基团所组成的组：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000018
其中，取代的基团W上具有一个或多个取代基，所述取代基各自独立地选自：氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基、三甲基硅基或三苯基硅基；当基团W的取代基个数大于1时，各取代基相同或不同。
具体地，Ar 1和Ar 2选自如下基团所组成的组，但不限于此:
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000019
可选地，所述含氮化合物选自如下化合物所组成的组，但不仅限于此：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000028
本公开还提供一种电子元件，所述电子元件包括相对设置的阳极和阴极，以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层；其中，所述功能层包含本公开的含氮化合物。
按照一种实施方式，所述电子元件为有机电致发光器件。如图1所示，所述有机电致发光器件包括相对设置的阳极100和阴极200，以及设于阳极100和阴极200之间的功能层300；功能层300包含本公开所提供的含氮化合物。
可选地，功能层300包括电子阻挡层322，电子阻挡层322包含本公开所提供的含氮化合物。其中，电子阻挡层322既可以为本公开所提供的含氮化合物组成，也可以由本公开所提供的含氮化合物和其他材料共同组成。
可选地，功能层300包括空穴传输层321或者空穴注入层310，空穴传输层321或者空穴注入层310中可以包含有本公开提供的含氮化合物，以提高电子元件中空穴的传输能力。
在本公开的一种具体实施方式中，有机电致发光器件可以包括依次层叠设置的阳极100、空穴传输层321、电子阻挡层322、作为能量转化层的有机发光层330、电子传输层350和阴极200。本公开 提供的含氮化合物可以应用于有机电致发光器件的电子阻挡层322，可以有效改善有机电致发光器件的发光效率和寿命，降低有机电致发光器件的驱动电压。
可选地，阳极100包括以下阳极材料，其优选地是有助于空穴注入至功能层中的具有大逸出功(功函数，work function)材料。阳极材料具体实例包括：金属如镍、铂、钒、铬、铜、锌和金或它们的合金；金属氧化物如氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)和氧化铟锌(IZO)；组合的金属和氧化物如ZnO:Al或SnO 2:Sb；或导电聚合物如聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3,4-(亚乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩](PEDT)、聚吡咯和聚苯胺，但不限于此。优选氧化铟锡(铟锡氧化物，indiumtin oxide)(ITO)作为阳极的透明电极。
可选地，空穴传输层321可以包括一种或者多种空穴传输材料，空穴传输材料可以选自咔唑多聚体、咔唑连接三芳胺类化合物或者其他类型的化合物，本公开对此不做特殊的限定。例如，空穴传输层321由化合物HT-01组成。
可选地，有机发光层330可以由单一发光材料组成，也可以包括主体材料和客体材料。可选地，有机发光层330由主体材料和客体材料组成，注入有机发光层330的空穴和注入有机发光层330的电子可以在有机发光层330复合而形成激子，激子将能量传递给主体材料，主体材料将能量传递给客体材料，进而使得客体材料能够发光。
有机发光层330的主体材料可以为金属螯合类化合物、双苯乙烯基衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物、二苯并呋喃衍生物或者其他类型的材料，本公开对此不做特殊的限制。例如，有机发光层330的主体材料为RH-01。
有机发光层330的客体材料可以为具有缩合芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、具有杂芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物或者其他材料，本公开对此不做特殊的限制。例如，有机发光层330的客体材料为Ir(Piq) 2(acac)。
电子传输层350可以为单层结构，也可以为多层结构，其可以包括一种或者多种电子传输材料，电子传输材料可以选自苯并咪唑衍生物、噁二唑衍生物、喹喔啉衍生物或者其他电子传输材料，本公开对此不做特殊的限定。例如，电子传输层350由ET-01和LiQ组成。
可选地，阴极200包括以***极材料，其是有助于电子注入至功能层中的具有小逸出功的材料。阴极材料的具体实例包括：金属如镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡和铅或它们的合金；或多层材料如LiF/Al、Liq/Al、LiO 2/Al、LiF/Ca、LiF/Al和BaF 2/Ca，但不限于此。优选包含银和镁的金属电极作为阴极。
可选地，如图1所示，在阳极100和空穴传输层321之间还可以设置有空穴注入层310，以增强向空穴传输层321注入空穴的能力。空穴注入层310可以选用联苯胺衍生物、星爆状芳基胺类化合物、酞菁衍生物或者其他材料，本公开对此不做特殊的限制。例如，空穴注入层310由HAT-CN组成。
可选地，如图1所示，在阴极200和电子传输层350之间还可以设置有电子注入层360，以增强向电子传输层350注入电子的能力。电子注入层360可以包括有碱金属硫化物、碱金属卤化物等无机材料，或者可以包括碱金属与有机物的络合物。例如，电子注入层360由LiQ组成。
可选地，在有机发光层330和电子传输层350之间还可以设置有空穴阻挡层340。
可选地，所述有机电致发光器件为红光器件。
按照另一种实施方式，所述电子元件为光电转化器件，如图2所示，该光电转化器件可以包括相对设置的阳极100和阴极200，以及设于阳极100和阴极200之间的功能层300；功能层300包含本公开所提供的含氮化合物。
可选地，功能层300包括电子阻挡层322，电子阻挡层322包含本公开所提供的含氮化合物。其中，电子阻挡层322既可以为本公开所提供的含氮化合物组成，也可以由本公开所提供的含氮化合物和其他材料共同组成。
可选地，如图2所示，光电转化器件可包括依次层叠设置的阳极100、空穴传输层321、电子阻挡层322、作为能量转化层的光电转化层370、电子传输层350和阴极200。本公开提供的含氮化合物可以应用于光电转化器件的电子阻挡层322，可以有效改善光电转化器件的发光效率和寿命，提高光电转化器件的开路电压。
可选地，在阳极100和空穴传输层321之间还可以设置有空穴注入层310。
可选地，在阴极200和电子传输层350之间还可以设置有电子注入层360。
可选地，在光电转化层370和电子传输层350之间还可以设置有空穴阻挡层340。
可选地，光电转化器件可以为太阳能电池，尤其是可以为有机薄膜太阳能电池。按照一种具体的实施方式，如图2所示，太阳能电池包括依次层叠设置的阳极100、空穴注入层310、空穴传输层321、电子阻挡层322、光电转化层370、空穴阻挡层340、电子传输层350、电子注入层360和阴极200，其中，电子阻挡层322包含有本公开的含氮化合物。
本公开还提供一种电子装置，该电子装置包括本公开第二方面所述的电子元件。
按照一种实施方式，如图3所示，所述电子装置为第一电子装置400，该第一电子装置400包括上述有机电致发光器件。第一电子装置400可以为显示装置、照明装置、光通讯装置或者其他类型的电子装置，例如可以包括但不限于电脑屏幕、手机屏幕、电视机、电子纸、应急照明灯、光模块等。
按照另一种实施方式，如图4所示，所述电子装置为第二电子装置500，第二电子装置500包括上述光电转化器件。第二电子装置500可以为太阳能发电设备、光检测器、指纹识别设备、光模块、CCD相机或则其他类型的电子装置。
下面结合合成例和实施例来说明本公开的含氮化合物及其应用。除非另有说明，所采用的原料、材料均可通过商购获得，或者本领域熟知的方法获得。
合成例：化合物合成
中间体的合成：
使用以下通用方法1或方法2合成实验例中所需仲胺类化合物中间体：
方法1：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000029
方法2：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000030
上述方法可参照现有技术文献CN107004770A。
中间体i的合成：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000031
将2，6-二溴-4-氯苯甲酸酯(70.0g；213.2mmol)，苯硼酸(65.0g；532.9mmol)，四三苯基膦钯(9.9g；8.5mmol)，碳酸钾(117.8g；852.7mmol)，四丁基溴化铵(27.5g；85.3mmol)，甲苯(600mL)，乙醇(150mL)和去离子水(150mL)加入到圆底烧瓶中，氮气保护条件下搅拌升温至75℃-80℃，反应48小时。将反应混合物降至室温，水洗，分离有机相，使用无水硫酸镁干燥后减压除去溶剂；粗品使用乙酸乙酯/正庚烷作为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱提纯，得到浅灰色固体中间体i(46.5g；收率68％)。
中间体ii的合成：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000032
将中间体i(46.0g；142.5mmol)和干燥的四氢呋喃(500mL)加入到圆底烧瓶中，氮气保护条件下，搅拌降温至-15℃～-10℃；向其中缓慢滴加甲基氯化镁(85.3g；1140.1mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液，滴加完毕后，于-15℃～-10℃搅拌1小时，升至20℃～25℃，搅拌反应16小时；向反应液中加入氯化铵的饱和水溶液，并使用二氯甲烷萃取，分离有机相，使用无水硫酸镁干燥，减压条件下除去溶剂；所得粗品使用乙酸乙酯/正庚烷体系进行硅胶柱色谱提纯，得到白色固体中间体ii(26.0g；收率57％)。
中间体a的合成：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000033
将中间体ii(25.2g；78.1mmol)和二氯甲烷(400mL)加入到圆底烧瓶中，氮气保护条件下搅拌降温至-5℃～0℃；向其中缓慢滴加三氟化硼***(16.6g；117.1mmol)，滴加完毕后于-5℃～0℃搅拌1小时，升至20℃～25℃，搅拌反应1小时；向反应液中加入碳酸氢钠水溶液和二氯甲烷，分离有机相，有机相使用无水硫酸镁干燥，减压除去溶剂；所得粗品使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系进行硅胶柱色谱提纯，得到白色粉末状中间体a(15.5g；收率65％)，m/z＝305.1[M+H] +。
中间体a0的合成：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000034
将中间体a(12.0g；39.4mmol)，联硼酸频哪醇酯(12.5g；49.2mmol)，三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.4g；0.4mmol)，2-二环己基磷-2’,4’,6’-三异丙基联苯(0.4g；0.8mmol)，醋酸钾(7.7g；78.7mmol)和1,4-二氧六环(100mL)加入到烧瓶中，氮气保护条件下，于100℃～105℃回流搅拌12小时。降至室温，向反应液中加入二氯甲烷和水，分液，有机相使用水洗后用无水硫酸镁干燥，减压条件下除去溶剂得到粗品；粗品使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系进行硅胶柱色谱提纯，得到浅黄色固体中间体a0(11.3g；收率72％)。
中间体a1的合成：
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000035
将中间体a0(11.0g；27.8mmol)，4-溴氯苯(5.6g；29.1mmol)，四三苯基膦钯(0.6g；0.6mmol)，碳酸钾(7.7g；55.5mmol)，四丁基溴化铵(1.8g；5.6mmol)，甲苯(80mL)，乙醇(20mL)和去离子水(20mL)加入到圆底烧瓶中，氮气保护条件下搅拌升温至75℃-80℃，反应10小时；将反应混合物降至室温，水洗，分离有机相，使用无水硫酸镁干燥后减压除去溶剂；粗品使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷作为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱提纯，得到白色固体中间体a1(8.8g；收率83％)。
以中间体a1相同的方法，以表1中的反应物A替代4-溴氯苯，合成表1所示的中间体。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000036
合成例1：化合物68的合成
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000037
将中间体a(4.4g；14.4mmol)，N-(4-(2-萘基)苯基)-[1,1'-联苯基]-4-胺(5.4g；14.4mmol)，三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.1g；0.1mmol)，2-二环己基磷-2,6-二甲氧基联苯(0.1g；0.3mmol)，叔丁醇钠(2.1g；21.7mmol)和甲苯(50mL)加入到氮气保护的圆底烧瓶中，搅拌条件下升温至105℃-110℃，反应8小时。将反应液降至室温，使用水洗后分离有机相，使用无水硫酸镁干燥，减压除去溶剂；使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷对所得粗品进行硅胶柱色谱提纯，而后使用二氯乙烷/正庚烷进行重结晶提纯，得到白色固体化合物68(4.9g；收率53％)。
合成例2-38
参照化合物68的合成方法，采用表2中反应物B替代N-(4-(2-萘基)苯基)-[1,1'-联苯基]-4-胺，合成表2中化合物。
表2
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000042
参照化合物68的合成方法，采用表3中反应物C替代中间体a，反应物D替代N-(4-(2-萘基)苯基)-[1,1'-联苯基]-4-胺，合成表3中化合物。
表3
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000044
合成例中化合物的质谱数据如表4所示。
表4
化合物2 m/z＝488.2[M+H] + 化合物135 m/z＝680.3[M+H] +
化合物7 m/z＝528.2[M+H] + 化合物141 m/z＝644.3[M+H] +
化合物21 m/z＝676.3[M+H] + 化合物144 m/z＝709.3[M+H] +
化合物27 m/z＝564.3[M+H] + 化合物153 m/z＝670.3[M+H] +
化合物47 m/z＝594.2[M+H] + 化合物158 m/z＝719.3[M+H] +
化合物57 m/z＝590.3[M+H] + 化合物161 m/z＝706.3[M+H] +
化合物65 m/z＝630.3[M+H] + 化合物170 m/z＝756.4[M+H] +
化合物68 m/z＝640.3[M+H] + 化合物173 m/z＝690.3[M+H] +
化合物75 m/z＝666.3[M+H] + 化合物177 m/z＝690.3[M+H] +
化合物79 m/z＝754.3[M+H] + 化合物184 m/z＝918.4[M+H] +
化合物92 m/z＝604.3[M+H] + 化合物188 m/z＝794.4[M+H] +
化合物96 m/z＝679.3[M+H] + 化合物190 m/z＝590.3[M+H] +
化合物108 m/z＝630.3[M+H] + 化合物196 m/z＝666.3[M+H] +
化合物115 m/z＝666.3[M+H] + 化合物203 m/z＝680.3[M+H] +
化合物121 m/z＝752.3[M+H] + 化合物205 m/z＝706.3[M+H] +
化合物128 m/z＝654.3[M+H] + 化合物209 m/z＝570.3[M+H] +
化合物213 m/z＝772.3[M+H] + 化合物217 m/z＝600.4[M+H] +
化合物218 m/z＝662.3[M+H] + 化合物215 m/z＝604.3[M+H] +
化合物219 m/z＝648.3[M+H] + 化合物220 m/z＝615.3[M+H] +
部分中间体及化合物核磁数据如下表5所示。
表5
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000046
有机电致发光器件制备及评估
实施例1
通过以下过程制备阳极：将厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000047
的ITO基板(康宁制造)切割成40mm×40mm×0.7mm的尺寸，采用光刻工序，将其制备成具有阴极、阳极以及绝缘层图案的实验基板，利用紫外臭氧以及O 2:N 2等离子进行表面处理，以增加阳极(实验基板)的功函数的和清除浮渣。
在实验基板(阳极)上真空蒸镀HAT-CN以形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000048
的空穴注入层(HIL)，并且在空穴注入层上蒸镀HT-01，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000049
的空穴传输层。
在空穴传输层上真空蒸镀化合物2，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000050
的电子阻挡层。
在电子阻挡层上，将RH-01：Ir(Piq) 2(acac)以95％：5％的膜厚比例进行共同蒸镀，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000051
的有机发光层(红色发光层，R-EML)。
在有机发光层上，将ET-01和LiQ以1:1的重量比进行混合并蒸镀形成
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000052
厚的电子传输层(ETL)，将LiQ蒸镀在电子传输层上以形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000053
的电子注入层(EIL)，然后将镁(Mg)和银(Ag)以1：9的蒸镀速率混合，真空蒸镀在电子注入层上，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000054
的阴极。
此外，在上述阴极上蒸镀CP-1，形成厚度为
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000055
的有机覆盖层(CPL)，从而完成有机发光器件的制造。
实施例2-实施例38
除了在形成电子阻挡层时，以下表中所示的化合物替代化合物2以外，利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例1
除了在形成电子阻挡层时，以化合物NPB替代化合物2以外，利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例2
除了在形成电子阻挡层时，以化合物A替代化合物2以外，利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例3
除了在形成电子阻挡层时，以化合物B替代化合物2以外，利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例4
除了在形成电子阻挡层时，以化合物C替代化合物2以外，利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
比较例5
除了在形成电子阻挡层时，以化合物D替代化合物2以外，利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。
以上实施例和比较例使用的材料结构如下表6所示。
表6
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000056
在20mA/cm 2的条件下，分析了如上制得的有机电致发光器件的性能，其结果示于下表7。
表7
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000057
Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-000058
参考上表可知，实施例1-38将本公开的含氮化合物用作红光器件电子阻挡层材料，与比较例1～5相比，发光效率Cd/A至少提高了11.4％，外量子效率EQE至少提高了13.4％，寿命至少提高了13.5％。
本公开的实施例与比较例1相比，器件驱动电压有明显下降，效率和寿命亦均有大的提升；与比 较例2相比，在器件驱动电压相当的情况下，寿命和发光效率均有一定提升；究其原因，可能在于相比于化合物A，本公开的含氮化合物中的胺基连接芴基的3号位，相比化合物A的2号位的连接方式，材料具有更深的HOMO能级，从而使空穴更容易注入发光层。与比较例3-4相比，在驱动电压相当的情况下，采用本公开的含氮化合物所制备的器件的效率以及寿命均有提升；究其原因，可能在于相比化合物B和C，本公开的含氮化合物苯基在二甲基芴基1位上的取代方式使得材料具有更佳的空间形态和分子堆叠，同时保持了材料的深的HOMO能级和高的空穴迁移率。
因此，本公开的含氮化合物在用于制备红色有机电致发光器件时，可以提升有机电致发光器件的效率，并保持器件长的寿命。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，上述各实施方式是实现本公开的具体实施例，而在实际应用中，可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变，而不偏离本公开的精神和范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种含氮化合物，所述含氮化合物的结构如化学式1所示：
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100001
    其中，L、L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6-30的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为3-30的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
    Ar 1和Ar 2分别独立地选自碳原子数为6-30的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3-30的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
    L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2中的各取代基彼此相同或不同，各自独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3-20的杂芳基、碳原子数为6-20的芳基、碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为18-24的三芳基硅基、碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3-10的环烷基、碳原子数为2-10的杂环烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-10的烷硫基、碳原子数为6-18的芳氧基、碳原子数为6-18的芳硫基或碳原子数为6-18的膦氧基；
    任选地，在L、L 1、L 2、Ar 1和Ar 2中，任意两个相邻的取代基形成环。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，L、L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键、碳原子数为6-20的取代或未取代的亚芳基、碳原子数为5-20的取代或未取代的亚杂芳基；
    优选地，L、L 1和L 2中的取代基相同或不同，分别独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1-5的烷基、碳原子数为1-5的卤代烷基或碳原子数为6-12的芳基。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，L选自单键、未取代的亚苯基、未取代的亚萘基、未取代的亚联苯基或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚蒽基、取代或未取代的亚菲基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基、取代或未取代的亚芴基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的亚二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的亚咔唑基；
    优选地，L 1和L 2中的取代基相同或不同，分别独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基或联苯基。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，L 1和L 2分别独立地选自单键、取代或未取代的基团V；所述未取代的基团V选自以下基团组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100002
    其中，取代的基团V上具有一个或多个取代基，所述取代基各自独立地选自：氘、氟、氰基、甲 基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基或联苯基；当基团V的取代基个数大于1时，各取代基相同或不同。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，Ar 1和Ar 2相同或不同，分别独立地选自碳原子数为6-25的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为5-20的取代或未取代的杂芳基；
    优选地，所述Ar 1和Ar 2中的取代基相同或不同，分别独立地选自氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1-5的烷基、碳原子数为6-20的芳基、碳原子数为12-18的杂芳基、碳原子数为5-10的环烷基、碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基或三苯基硅基；
    任选地，在Ar 1和Ar 2的取代基中，任意两个相邻的取代基形成碳原子数为5-13的饱和或不饱和环。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，Ar 1和Ar 2相同或不同，分别独立地选自取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的菲基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的三亚苯基；
    优选地，所述Ar 1和Ar 2中的取代基相同或不同，分别独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基、三甲基硅基或三苯基硅基；
    任选地，在Ar 1和Ar 2的取代基中，任意两个相邻的取代基形成碳原子数为5-13的饱和或不饱和环。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，Ar 1和Ar 2选自取代或未取代的基团W，所述未取代的基团W选自如下基团所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100003
    其中，取代的基团W上具有一个或多个取代基，所述取代基各自独立地选自：氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、联苯基、环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基、三甲基硅基或三苯基硅基；当基团W的取代基个数大于1时，各取代基相同或不同。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物，其中，所述含氮化合物选自如下化合物所组成的组：
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2022084845-appb-100013
  10. 一种电子元件，包括相对设置的阳极和阴极，以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层；所述功能层包含权利要求1-9中任一项所述的含氮化合物。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电子元件，其中，所述功能层包括电子阻挡层，所述电子阻挡层包含所述的含氮化合物。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的电子元件，其中，所述电子元件为有机电致发光器件或光电转化器件。
  13. 一种电子装置，包括权利要求10至12中任一项所述的电子元件。
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