WO2022166151A1 - 一种X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022166151A1
WO2022166151A1 PCT/CN2021/112684 CN2021112684W WO2022166151A1 WO 2022166151 A1 WO2022166151 A1 WO 2022166151A1 CN 2021112684 W CN2021112684 W CN 2021112684W WO 2022166151 A1 WO2022166151 A1 WO 2022166151A1
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core
shell structure
tungsten
preparation
gadolinium oxide
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PCT/CN2021/112684
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English (en)
French (fr)
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姚理荣
夏勇
杨涛
孙通
潘刚伟
徐思峻
季涛
高强
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南通大学
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Priority to US18/276,053 priority Critical patent/US20240093374A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/1229—Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1241—Metallic substrates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01265—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting entirely or partially from molten glass, e.g. by dipping a preform in a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/04—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
    • C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
    • C23C18/1216—Metal oxides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/106—Radiation shielding agents, e.g. absorbing, reflecting agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
    • D01F6/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins from polypropylene
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/06—Ceramics; Glasses; Refractories
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/08—Metals; Alloys; Cermets, i.e. sintered mixtures of ceramics and metals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/10—Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers
    • G21F1/103—Dispersions in organic carriers
    • G21F1/106—Dispersions in organic carriers metallic dispersions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
    • G21F1/125—Laminated shielding materials comprising metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
    • C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
    • C03B2201/34—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
    • C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
    • C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
    • C03B2201/40—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with transition metals other than rare earth metals, e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta or Zn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of radiation protection, in particular to a preparation method of a core-shell structure tungsten/gadolinium oxide functional fiber for X, gamma ray protection.
  • Radiation protection materials are mainly divided into two types: lead-containing materials and lead-free materials.
  • Lead is mainly based on lead.
  • the protective effect is excellent, it is toxic, has poor strength and has a large scattering of low-energy X-rays.
  • Lead-free materials mainly include composite materials made of rare earth elements and heavy metal compounds such as tin, tungsten, and bismuth, which have excellent protective effects and are lightweight and safe.
  • Micro-nano core-shell materials with special structures have attracted extensive attention in recent years.
  • Composite particles with different core-shell microstructures have unique physical and chemical properties, which also lead to their broad application prospects in many fields such as optics, electronics, catalysis, biology, and radiation.
  • the core-shell structure radiation protection material can cooperate in protection, eliminating the weak protection area and effectively absorbing the secondary radiation generated by the radiation.
  • the preparation methods of core-shell structures mainly include template method, precipitation method, hydrothermal synthesis method, spray drying method, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, etc. Li et al.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a method for preparing functional fibers for X, ⁇ -ray protection in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
  • the application provides a preparation method of X, ⁇ -ray protective functional fibers, the method comprises the following steps:
  • step (2) adding the W@PDA obtained in step (1) into the gadolinium nitrate solution, stirring, filtering, and calcining at high temperature to obtain the core-shell structure W@Gd2O3 powder.
  • step (3) adding the core-shell structure W@Gd2O3 powder obtained in step (2) and the dried PP masterbatch into the feed port of the screw extruder in turn to obtain a core-shell structure W@Gd2O3/PP blended melt, which was heated in air.
  • a core-shell structure W@Gd2O3/PP blended melt which was heated in air.
  • step (3) (4) adding the dried blended particles obtained in step (3) into the feed port of the screw extruder, and then drawing the extruded melt through a drafting and winding device to make composite fibers.
  • the concentration of the solution should be controlled at 1.5-2.5 g/L.
  • the main reason is that when the DA concentration is lower than 1.5g/L, only a small amount of PDA particles are deposited on the surface of W.
  • the DA concentration is 1.5-2.5g/L, a PDA film is formed on the surface of the W powder.
  • the concentration of DA is higher than 2.5g/L, large PDA particles are formed on the surface of W powder due to the high concentration of DA, which is not conducive to the subsequent adsorption of gadolinium ions.
  • tris buffer should be added to the system to adjust the pH of the solution to 8-9, because dopamine can self-polymerize into polydopamine under weak alkaline and aerobic conditions.
  • Polydopamine has extraordinary surface activity and adhesion on the surface of different substances, which can provide a platform for the secondary functionalization of materials.
  • step (1) needs to be stirred under an electric stirrer for 18-24h.
  • step (1) it is necessary to wash with water and ethanol for 2-3 times respectively.
  • step (1) the specific conditions for drying described in step (1) are not specifically limited, as long as the purpose of drying the sample can be achieved.
  • the concentration of the solution should be controlled at 0.3-0.5M/L. Because when the Gd+ concentration is 0.02M/L, the surface of W is coated with a small amount of sparse nano-dot-like Gd2O3 particles. When the Gd+ concentration increased to 0.1M/L, the Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the surface of W became larger and larger, which was due to the increase of Gd+ concentration. The Gd2O3 nanoparticles combined with each other to form larger Gd2O3 particles. When the Gd+ concentration increased to 0.2M/L, the Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the W surface became larger and denser.
  • the Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the W surface combined with each other to form the core-shell structure of W@Gd2O3.
  • the Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the W surface did not change much compared to when the Gd+ concentration was 0.3M/L, which was due to the chelation of Gd+ by polydopamine on the W surface when the Gd+ concentration was 0.3M/L has reached saturation, and excessive concentration will cause waste.
  • step (2) is not specifically limited, and only needs to be magnetically stirred for a certain period of time.
  • the high-temperature calcination in step (2) needs to be calcined in a muffle furnace at 800-1000° C. for 2-3 hours, and the heating temperature is 2-4° C./min.
  • the calcination in step (2) of the present application is carried out in a protective gas, and the protective gas includes nitrogen or an inert gas, and the inert gas can be argon, helium, etc. There is no special restriction on this application.
  • the PP masterbatch described in step (3) needs to be dried in an oven at 40-60° C. for 30-60 min.
  • the extrusion temperature is 100° C.
  • the screw speed is 15 r/min.
  • the blended particles described in step (4) need to be dried in an oven at 40-60° C. for 30-60 min.
  • the temperature of the screw zone is 100°C
  • the screw speed is 20r/min
  • the temperature of the spinneret is 85°C
  • the extrusion speed 7 ⁇ 8mm/min
  • the drafting and winding device in step (4) has a drafting speed of 150 r/min.
  • the preparation method of a kind of X, ⁇ -ray protective functional fibers described in this application comprises the following steps:
  • step (2) adding the W@PDA obtained in step (1) to the gadolinium nitrate solution in the concentration range of 0.3-0.5M/L, stirring magnetically for a certain period of time, filtering and separating, drying, and then the obtained sample was heated at 800-
  • the core-shell structure W@Gd2O3 powder was finally obtained by calcining at 1000°C under nitrogen for 2-3h (heating rate of 2-4°C/min).
  • step (3) Add the core-shell structure W@Gd2O3 powder obtained in step (2) and the dried PP masterbatch into the feed port of the screw extruder in turn, the extrusion temperature is 100°C, and the screw speed is 15r/min to obtain a core Shell structure W@Gd2O3/PP blend melt, brittle fracture granulation after cooling in air.
  • step (3) Add the dried blended particles obtained in step (3) into the feed port of the screw extruder, the temperature of the screw zone is 100 ° C, the screw speed is 20 r/min, the temperature of the spinneret hole is 85 ° C, and the extrusion speed: 7 ⁇ 8mm/min, the diameter of the spinneret hole is 2mm, and then the extruded melt is drawn through a drawing and winding device at a drawing speed of 150r/min to form a composite fiber.
  • the core-shell structure W@Gd2O3 powder prepared by the above preferred technical solution has a core-shell structure that can play a synergistic protective role in radiation protection.
  • the secondary radiation generated by the radiation is effectively absorbed.
  • the present application at least has the following beneficial effects:
  • dopamine can be self-polymerized into polydopamine under weak alkaline and aerobic conditions, and polydopamine has extraordinary adhesion on the surface of different substances, and can successfully coat tungsten to obtain W@PDA.
  • the surface of PDA contains a large number of polar groups such as phenolic hydroxyl groups and amine groups, which provide abundant active sites for complexing various metal ions, which can effectively chelate Gd+ in gadolinium nitrate solution.
  • PDA forms a nitrogen-doped carbon layer attached to the surface of tungsten, and the W@PDA chelated with Gd+ transforms into W@Gd2O3.
  • FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the W@Gd 2 O 3 powder of a X, ⁇ -ray protective functional fiber prepared in Example 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the W@Gd 2 O 3 powder of a X, ⁇ -ray protective functional fiber prepared in Example 1.
  • the present embodiment provides a method for preparing X, ⁇ -ray protective functional fibers, and the method includes the following steps:
  • step (2) The W@PDA obtained in step (1) was added to a solution of gadolinium nitrate with a concentration of 0.3M/L, and after magnetic stirring for 2h, filtration and separation were performed, and dried at 80°C for 5h, and then the prepared sample was heated at 800°C.
  • the core-shell structure W@Gd 2 O 3 powder was finally obtained by calcining at high temperature under nitrogen for 2 h (heating rate of 2 °C/min).
  • step (3) The core-shell structure W@Gd 2 O 3 powder obtained in step (2) and the dried PP masterbatch are sequentially added to the feed port of the screw extruder, the extrusion temperature is 100 ° C, and the screw speed is 15 r/min , the core-shell structure W@Gd 2 O 3 /PP blend melt was obtained, and brittle fracture granulation was obtained by cooling in air.
  • step (3) Add the dried blended particles obtained in step (3) into the feed port of the screw extruder, the screw zone temperature is 100°C, the screw speed is 20r/min, the spinneret hole temperature is 85°C, and the extrusion speed: 7mm/ min, the diameter of the spinneret hole is 2 mm, and then the extruded melt is drawn through a drawing and winding device at a drawing speed of 150 r/min to form a composite fiber.
  • the W@Gd 2 O 3 powder prepared in this example was scanned by SEM, and the obtained photo is shown in Figure 1. It can be seen from the figure that a PDA film is formed on the surface of the W powder.
  • the present embodiment provides a method for preparing X, ⁇ -ray protective functional fibers, and the method includes the following steps:
  • step (2) The W@PDA obtained in step (1) was added to a gadolinium nitrate solution with a concentration of 0.35M/L, and after magnetic stirring for 3h, filtration and separation were carried out, and dried at 60°C for 8h, and then the prepared sample was heated at 900 °C.
  • the core-shell structure W@Gd 2 O 3 powder was finally obtained by calcining at high temperature under nitrogen for 2.5 h (heating rate of 3 °C/min).
  • step (3) The core-shell structure W@Gd 2 O 3 powder obtained in step (2) and the dried PP masterbatch are sequentially added to the feed port of the screw extruder, the extrusion temperature is 100 ° C, and the screw speed is 15 r/min , the core-shell structure W@Gd 2 O 3 /PP blend melt was obtained, and brittle fracture granulation was obtained by cooling in air.
  • step (3) Add the dried blended particles obtained in step (3) into the feed port of the screw extruder, the screw zone temperature is 100°C, the screw speed is 20r/min, the spinneret temperature is 85°C, and the extrusion speed: 7.5mm /min, the diameter of the spinneret hole is 2 mm, and then the extruded melt is drawn through a drawing and winding device at a drawing speed of 150 r/min to form a composite fiber.
  • the present embodiment provides a method for preparing X, ⁇ -ray protective functional fibers, and the method includes the following steps:
  • step (2) The W@PDA obtained in step (1) was added to a gadolinium nitrate solution with a concentration of 0.4M/L, magnetically stirred for 2.5h, filtered and separated, dried at 70°C for 6h, and then the prepared sample was placed in The core-shell structure W@Gd 2 O 3 powder was finally obtained by calcining at 1000 °C under nitrogen for 3 h (the heating rate was 4 °C/min).
  • step (3) The core-shell structure W@Gd 2 O 3 powder obtained in step (2) and the dried PP masterbatch are sequentially added to the feed port of the screw extruder, the extrusion temperature is 100 ° C, and the screw speed is 15 r/min , the core-shell structure W@Gd 2 O 3 /PP blend melt was obtained, and brittle fracture granulation was obtained by cooling in air.
  • step (3) (4) adding the dried blended particles obtained in step (3) into the feed port of the screw extruder, the temperature of the screw zone is 100 ° C, the screw speed is 20 r/min, the temperature of the spinneret hole is 85 ° C, and the extrusion speed: 8 mm/ min, the diameter of the spinneret hole is 2 mm, and then the extruded melt is drawn through a drawing and winding device at a drawing speed of 150 r/min to form a composite fiber.

Abstract

本申请提供一种X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法中，首先制备核壳结构钨/氧化钆粉体；根据以上粉体制备W@Gd 2O 3/PP共混熔体；再根据以上共混熔体制备W@Gd 2O 3/PP复合纤维。根据本方法制备出的核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维，在辐射防护方面可以起到协同防护作用，消除防护弱区同时能够将辐射所产生的二次辐射进行有效吸收。其次，制备出的功能纤维具有无铅和轻量化的特点，在X、γ射线辐射防护方面有良好的应用前景。

Description

一种X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法
相关申请
本申请要求于2021年2月8日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110179974.0、申请名称为“一种X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及防辐射领域，尤其涉及一种X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法。
背景技术
核技术的发展给人们带来便利的同时也产生了很多辐射危害，轻便灵活且防护性能优良的辐射防护用纺织品是当前研究的热点。辐射防护材料主要分为有铅材料和无铅两种。有铅主要以铅为主，虽防护效果优良，但具有毒性，强度较差且对低能X射线散射较大。无铅材料主要包括稀土元素以及锡、钨、铋等重金属化合物制成的复合材料，防护效果优良且轻质安全。
近年来具有特殊结构的微纳米核壳材料引起了人们的广泛关注。不同核壳微观结构的复合粒子会具有独特物理化学性质，这也导致其在光学、电子、催化、生物、辐射等众多领域都具有广阔的应用前景。在防辐射方面，相较于单一金属物理共混的方式，核壳结构辐射防护材料可以协同防护，消除防护弱区同时将辐射所产生的二次辐射进行有效吸收。核壳结构的制备方法主要有模板法、沉淀法、水热合成法、喷雾干燥法、层层自组装技术等。Li等人以二氧化硅为模板采用均相沉淀法制备了壳层厚度可控的氧化钆空心球。然而这些方法都存在工序多、耗时长等缺点，因此有必要指定一种有效 的、简单的方法来克服这些缺陷。贻贝分泌的黏附蛋白具有很强的黏附能力，受此启发美国西北大学Messer Smith课题组在2007年发现了多巴胺(DA)在模拟海水的弱碱条件下可以在任何材料表面氧化自聚合成聚多巴胺。其聚合条件简单可控且具有优良的粘附性、亲水性、稳定性、生物相容性。同时，聚多巴胺上存在大量的酚羟基、胺基活性集团，为金属离子的络合提供了丰富的活性位点。
发明内容
本申请的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种X，γ射线防护用功能纤维的制备方法。
本申请的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
本申请提供了一种X，γ射线防护功能纤维的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)配置多巴胺盐溶液，加入缓冲液调节PH值，然后加入钨粉，搅拌，过滤，洗涤烘干后得到W@PDA；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的W@PDA加入到硝酸钆溶液中，搅拌，过滤，经过高温煅烧得到核壳结构W@Gd2O3粉末。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的核壳结构W@Gd2O3粉末与干燥好的PP母粒依次加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，得到核壳结构W@Gd2O3/PP共混熔体，在空气中冷却脆断造粒。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的干燥好的共混粒子加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，再将挤出熔体经牵伸卷绕装置拉伸制成复合纤维。
根据本申请，步骤(1)所述的配置多巴胺盐溶液，溶液浓度应控制在1.5-2.5g/L。主要是因为当DA浓度为低于1.5g/L时，W的表面只沉积有少量的PDA颗粒，当DA浓度为1.5-2.5g/L时，在W粉的表面才形成了PDA薄膜。当DA的浓度高于2.5g/L时，由于DA 浓度过高在W粉表面自聚合形成较大的PDA颗粒，又不利于后续对钆离子的吸附。
值得注意的是，步骤(1)在配置好多巴胺盐溶液后，要向体系中加入tris缓冲液调节溶液PH值为8-9，因为多巴胺在弱碱有氧的条件下可自聚合为聚多巴胺，在不同物质表面聚多巴胺均具有非凡的表面活性和黏附性，可以为材料的二次功能化提供平台。
进一步地，步骤(1)所述的搅拌，需在电动搅拌器下搅拌18-24h。
此外，对于步骤(1)所述的洗涤，需用水和乙醇分别洗涤2-3次。
还有，对于步骤(1)所述的烘干具体的条件不进行具体限定，只要能实现对试样的烘干目的即可。
根据本申请，步骤(2)所述的硝酸钆溶液，该溶液浓度应控制在0.3-0.5M/L。因为当Gd+浓度为0.02M/L时，W的表面包覆有少量且稀疏的纳米点状Gd2O3颗粒。当Gd+浓度增加到0.1M/L时，W表面的Gd2O3纳米颗粒变大增多，这是由于Gd+浓度的升高Gd2O3纳米颗粒互相结合形成更大的Gd2O3颗粒。当Gd+浓度增加到0.2M/L时，W表面的Gd2O3纳米颗粒变的更大且更为密集。随着Gd+浓度增加到0.3M/L，W表面的Gd2O3纳米颗粒相互结合形成核壳结构的W@Gd2O3。继续增加Gd+浓度到0.4M/L后，W表面的Gd2O3纳米颗粒相比于Gd+浓度为0.3M/L时没有太大变化，这是由于W表面的聚多巴胺对Gd+螯合作用在Gd+浓度为0.3M/L已经达到了饱和，浓度过高会造成浪费。
进一步地，步骤(2)所述的搅拌，无具体限定，只需磁力搅拌一定时间即可。
此外，步骤(2)所述的高温煅烧，需在马弗炉里800-1000℃条件下煅烧2-3h，升温温度为2-4℃/min。为避免在反应过程中生成杂质，本申请步骤(2)所述煅烧在保护性气体中进行，所述保护性气体包括氮气或惰性气体，所述惰性气体可以为氩气、氦气等，本申请对此不作特殊限定。
根据本申请，步骤(3)所述的PP母粒需在40-60℃的烘箱中烘干30-60min。
此外，步骤(3)所述的螺杆挤出机，挤出温度为100℃，螺杆转速为15r/min。
根据本申请，步骤(4)所述的共混粒子需在40-60℃的烘箱中干燥30-60min。
值得注意的是，步骤(4)所述的螺杆挤出机，螺杆区温度100℃，螺杆转速20r/min，喷丝孔温度85℃，挤出速度：7～8mm/min，喷丝孔孔径2mm。
此外，步骤(4)所述牵伸卷绕装置，牵伸速度150r/min。
作为优选的技术方案，本申请所述的一种X，γ射线防护功能纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)配置1.5-2.5g/L浓度范围的多巴胺盐溶液，加入tris缓冲液调节PH至8-9，然后加入用乙醇清洗干净的钨粉，利用电动搅拌器搅拌18-24h后过滤分离，再分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤2-3次后烘干，得到W@PDA：
(2)将步骤(1)得到的W@PDA加入到0.3-0.5M/L浓度范围的硝酸钆溶液中，磁力搅拌一定时间后，过滤分离，烘干，再将制得的样品在800-1000℃下通氮气高温煅烧2-3h(升温速率2-4℃/min)，最后得到核壳结构W@Gd2O3粉末。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的核壳结构W@Gd2O3粉末与干燥好的PP母粒依次加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，挤出温度为100℃，螺杆转速为15r/min，得到核壳结构W@Gd2O3/PP共混熔体，在空气中冷却脆断造粒。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的干燥好的共混粒子加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，螺杆区温度100℃，螺杆转速20r/min，喷丝孔温度85℃，挤出速度：7～8mm/min，喷丝孔孔径2mm，再将挤出熔体经牵伸卷绕装置，在牵伸速度150r/min条件下拉伸制成复合纤维。
采用上述优选的技术方案制得的核壳结构W@Gd2O3粉末，相比于钨和氧化钆共混粉末而言，核壳结构在辐射防护方面可以起到协同防护作用，消除防护弱区同时将辐射所产生的二次辐射进行有效吸收。
与现有技术方案相比，本申请至少具有以下有益效果：
本申请首先利用多巴胺在在弱碱有氧的条件下可自聚合为聚多巴胺，并且聚多巴胺在不同物质表面均具有非凡的黏附性，能够成功包覆钨，得到W@PDA。
PDA表面含有大量的酚羟基、胺基等极性基团，为络合各种金属离子提供了丰富的活性位点，能够有效地和硝酸钆溶液中的Gd+进行螯合。经过高温煅烧后PDA形成氮掺杂碳层附着在钨表面，而与Gd+发生螯的W@PDA转变成W@Gd2O3。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的一种X，γ射线防护功能纤维的W@Gd 2O 3粉末的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本申请，便于理解本申请的技术方案，本申请的典型但非限制性的实施例如下：
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种X，γ射线防护功能纤维的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤为：
(1)配置2g/L浓度的多巴胺盐溶液，加入tris缓冲液调节溶液PH值为8.5，然后加入用乙醇清洗干净的钨粉，利用电动搅拌器搅拌24h后过滤分离，再分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤2次后，在80℃下烘干5h，得到W@PDA；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的W@PDA加入到0.3M/L浓度的硝酸钆溶液中，磁力搅拌2h后，过滤分离，在80℃下烘干5h，再将制得的样品在800℃下通氮气高温煅烧2h(升温速率2℃/min)，最后得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末与干燥好的PP母粒依次加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，挤出温度为100℃，螺杆转速为15r/min，得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3/PP共混熔体，在空气中冷却脆断造粒。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的干燥好的共混粒子加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，螺杆区温度100℃，螺杆转速20r/min，喷丝孔温度85℃，挤出速度：7mm/min，喷丝孔孔径2mm，再将挤出熔体经牵伸卷绕装置，在牵伸速度150r/min条件下拉伸制成复合纤维。
对本实施例制备得到的W@Gd 2O 3粉末进行了SEM扫描，所得照片如图1所示，由图中可以看出，在W粉的表面形成了PDA薄膜。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种X，γ射线防护功能纤维的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤为：
(1)配置1.5g/L浓度的多巴胺盐溶液，加入tris缓冲液调节溶液PH值为8，然后加入用乙醇清洗干净的钨粉，利用电动搅拌器搅拌20h后过滤分离，再分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤3次后，在60℃下烘干8h，得到W@PDA；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的W@PDA加入到0.35M/L浓度的硝酸钆溶液中，磁力搅拌3h后，过滤分离，在60℃下烘干8h，再将制得的样品在900℃下通氮气高温煅烧2.5h(升温速率3℃/min)，最后得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末与干燥好的PP母粒依次加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，挤出温度为100℃，螺杆转速为15r/min，得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3/PP共混熔体，在空气中冷却脆断造粒。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的干燥好的共混粒子加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，螺杆区温度100℃，螺杆转速20r/min，喷丝孔温度85℃，挤出速度：7.5mm/min，喷丝孔孔径2mm，再将挤出熔体经牵伸卷绕装置，在牵伸速度150r/min条件下拉伸制成复合纤维。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种X，γ射线防护功能纤维的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤为：
(1)配置2.5g/L浓度的多巴胺盐溶液，加入tris缓冲液调节溶液PH值为9，然后加入用乙醇清洗干净的钨粉，利用电动搅拌器搅拌18h后过滤分离，再分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤2次后，在70℃下烘干6h，得到W@PDA；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的W@PDA加入到0.4M/L浓度的硝酸钆溶液中，磁力搅拌2.5h后，过滤分离，在70℃下烘干6h，再将制得的样品在1000℃下通氮气高温煅烧3h(升温速率4℃/min)，最后得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末与干燥好的PP母粒依次加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，挤出温度为100℃，螺杆转速为15r/min，得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3/PP共混熔体，在空气中冷却脆断造粒。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的干燥好的共混粒子加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，螺杆区温度100℃，螺杆转速20r/min，喷丝孔温度85℃，挤出速度：8mm/min，喷丝孔孔径2mm，再将挤出熔体经牵伸卷绕装置，在牵伸速度150r/min条件下拉伸制成复合纤维。
上述对实施例的描述是为了便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本申请不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本申请的揭示，不脱离本申请范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    (1)配置多巴胺盐溶液，加入缓冲液调节PH值，然后加入钨粉，搅拌，过滤，洗涤烘干后得到W@PDA；
    (2)将步骤(1)得到的W@PDA加入到硝酸钆溶液中，搅拌，过滤，经过高温煅烧得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末；
    (3)将步骤(2)得到的核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末与干燥好的PP母粒依次加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3/PP共混熔体，在空气中冷却脆断造粒，得到干燥好的共混粒子；
    (4)将步骤(3)得到的干燥好的共混粒子加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，再将挤出熔体经牵伸卷绕装置拉伸制成复合纤维。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(1)中的所述缓冲液为tris，所述PH值为8-9。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(1)中的所述钨粉为用乙醇清洗过的钨粉。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(1)中的所述搅拌为电动搅拌器搅拌18-24h。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(1)中的所述洗涤为用去离子水和乙醇分别清洗2-3次。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(1)中的所述多巴胺盐溶液浓度为1.5g/L-2.5g/L。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(2)中的所述高温煅烧温度为800-1000℃，时间为2-3h，升温速率为2-4℃/min。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(2)中的所述煅烧在保护性气体中进行，所述保护性气体为氮气或惰性气体。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(2)中的所述硝酸钆溶液浓度为0.3-0.5M/L。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(3)中的所述PP母粒需在40-60℃的烘箱中烘干30-60min。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(3)中的所述螺杆挤出机，挤出温度为100℃，螺杆转速为15r/min。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(4)中的所述共混粒子需在40-60℃的烘箱中干燥30-60min。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(4)中的所述螺杆挤出机，螺杆区温度100℃，螺杆转速20r/min，喷丝孔温度85℃，挤出速度：7～8mm/min，喷丝孔孔径2mm。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，步骤(4)中的所述牵伸卷绕装置，牵伸速度150r/min。
  15. 如权利要求1-14任一项所述的X，γ射线防护用核壳结构钨/氧化钆功能纤维的制备方法，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)配置1.5g/L-2.5g/L浓度的多巴胺盐溶液，加入tris缓冲液调节PH至8-9，然后加入用乙醇清洗干净的钨粉，利用电动搅拌器搅拌18-24h后过滤分离，再分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤2-3次后烘干，得到W@PDA；
    (2)将步骤(1)得到的W@PDA加入到0.3-0.5M/L浓度的硝酸钆溶液中，磁力搅拌一定时间后，过滤分离，烘干，再将制得的样品在800-1000℃下通氮气高温煅烧2-3h(升温速率2-4℃/min)，最后得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末；
    (3)将步骤(2)得到的核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3粉末与干燥好的PP母粒依次加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，挤出温度为100℃，螺杆转速为15r/min，得到核壳结构W@Gd 2O 3/PP共混熔体，在空气中冷却脆断造粒，得到干燥好的共混粒子；
    (4)将步骤(3)得到的干燥好的共混粒子加入螺杆挤出机喂料口，螺杆区温度100℃，螺杆转速20r/min，喷丝孔温度85℃，挤出速度：7～8mm/min，喷丝孔孔径2mm，再将挤出熔体经牵伸卷绕装置，在牵伸速度150r/min条件下拉伸制成复合纤维。
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