WO2021241543A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une structure tridimensionnelle contenant du papier - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une structure tridimensionnelle contenant du papier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021241543A1
WO2021241543A1 PCT/JP2021/019718 JP2021019718W WO2021241543A1 WO 2021241543 A1 WO2021241543 A1 WO 2021241543A1 JP 2021019718 W JP2021019718 W JP 2021019718W WO 2021241543 A1 WO2021241543 A1 WO 2021241543A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
paper
containing sheet
water
dimensional structure
sheet
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PCT/JP2021/019718
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
宏毅 重宗
真吾 前田
直基 細矢
優弥 三枝
Original Assignee
学校法人芝浦工業大学
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Application filed by 学校法人芝浦工業大学 filed Critical 学校法人芝浦工業大学
Priority to JP2022526561A priority Critical patent/JPWO2021241543A1/ja
Publication of WO2021241543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021241543A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/16—Models made by folding paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
    • B31D5/00—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles ; Making three-dimensional articles
    • B31D5/04—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles ; Making three-dimensional articles including folding or pleating, e.g. Chinese lanterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/36—Moistening and heating webs to facilitate mechanical deformation and drying deformed webs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure.
  • Origami technology has the advantage of being able to form a variety of three-dimensional structures by folding a single sheet of paper, and by devising a folding pattern, it is possible to repeatedly use the functions of unfolding and storing. Since it is possible to form a structure having relatively high mechanical strength, it is expected to be applied in various fields. For example, the application of origami technology is expected to be applied to the manufacture of three-dimensional electronic devices, the manufacture of lightweight and inexpensive impact cushioning materials, the space saving by folding sheets, and the like.
  • a material that responds to an external stimulus is placed on the paper, and the response of this material when the stimulus is applied is used to autonomously fold the paper.
  • the technology has been reported so far.
  • examples of the stimulus include electric current, heat, and the like.
  • such bending technology requires the supply of some energy such as electric current and heat, so there is a problem that the usage environment may be limited, and the paper is also modified with a special material. There was a problem that it was expensive because it had to be done.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 a method of discharging an aqueous solution containing 2-propanol onto paper and drying it using an inkjet printer is disclosed (see Non-Patent Document 1).
  • This method has the advantage of high practicality because it does not require the supply of energy such as electric current and heat to the paper and it is not necessary to modify the paper with a special material.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 The method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 is useful in that it can solve the problems of other methods so far, but further improvements are made in order to apply it to a practical method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure. desired. Further, if such a folding technique can be applied not only to paper but also to composite paper in which paper and other materials are used in combination, its usefulness is further enhanced.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a highly practical method for manufacturing a new three-dimensional structure using origami technology.
  • the present invention is a method for manufacturing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure, which is made of paper or is formed by folding a paper-containing sheet containing paper as a main component, which is one of the paper-containing sheets.
  • a paper-containing three-dimensional structure comprising a step (B) of autonomously bending the paper-containing sheet at a portion having a concentration gradient of the water by drying the paper-containing sheet in a holding state. Provides a method of manufacturing a body.
  • the paper-containing sheet is formed with the side of both sides of the paper-containing sheet facing inward where the water concentration is high. It is preferable to bend it autonomously.
  • the amount of the water to be permeated into the paper-containing sheet may be 1.0 ⁇ 10-12 to 10 g / mm 3. preferable.
  • the paper-containing sheet having the water concentration gradient is heated at a temperature of -273.15 to 1.0 ⁇ under normal pressure. 10 5 ° C., it is preferable to dry under a relative humidity of 0-100%.
  • the portion having the water concentration gradient in which the permeation amount of the water is different from each other is 2. It is preferable to prepare the above.
  • step (A) in the step (A), two or more different aqueous solutions are separately adhered to different regions of the paper-containing sheet. In the surface direction of the paper-containing sheet, two or more portions having the water concentration gradients in which the permeation amount of the water is different from each other may be prepared.
  • the two or more kinds of aqueous solutions those having different hydration parameters of solutes may be used.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an example of the shape of a portion having a water concentration gradient formed on a paper-containing sheet in the method for producing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an example of the shape of a portion having a water concentration gradient formed on a paper-containing sheet in the method for producing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an example of the shape of a portion having a water concentration gradient formed on a paper-containing sheet in the method for producing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an example of the shape of a portion having a water concentration gradient formed on a paper-containing sheet in the method for producing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an example of the shape of a portion having a water concentration gradient formed on a paper-containing sheet in the method for producing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • It is sectional drawing for schematically explaining an example of the step (B) in the manufacturing method of the paper-containing three-dimensional structure which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
  • a portion having a water concentration gradient is produced, and another example of the paper-containing sheet, the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure, and the like is schematically. It is a cross-sectional view shown in.
  • a portion having a water concentration gradient is produced, and another example of the paper-containing sheet, the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure, and the like is schematically. It is a cross-sectional view shown in.
  • a portion having a water concentration gradient is produced, and another example of the paper-containing sheet, the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure, and the like is schematically. It is a cross-sectional view shown in.
  • a portion having a water concentration gradient is produced, and another example of the paper-containing sheet, the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure, and the like is schematically. It is a cross-sectional view shown in. It is a top view which shows the paper-containing sheet after performing the step (A) in Example 1.
  • Example 1 it is a graph which shows the measurement result of the bending angle of a paper-containing sheet after performing a step (B). It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the bending angle of the paper-containing sheet measured in Example 1 together with the standardized ink ejection amount. It is a graph which shows an example of the measurement result of the angle of the bent part of the paper-containing three-dimensional structure in Example 1.
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the paper-containing three-dimensional structure and its manufacturing process in Example 2.
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the paper-containing three-dimensional structure and its manufacturing process in Example 3.
  • Example 4 It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the paper-containing three-dimensional structure and its manufacturing process in Example 4.
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the paper-containing three-dimensional structure and its manufacturing process in Example 5.
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the paper-containing three-dimensional structure and its manufacturing process in Example 6.
  • 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte solution and the easiness of expansion of the paper-containing sheet when the aqueous electrolyte solution is permeated into the paper-containing sheet in Test Example 1.
  • 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte solution and the ease of drying of the paper-containing sheet when the aqueous electrolyte solution is permeated into the paper-containing sheet in Test Example 2.
  • Example 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the type of electrolyte and the easiness of expansion of the paper-containing sheet when the aqueous electrolyte solution is permeated into the paper-containing sheet in Test Example 3. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the type of an electrolyte, and the easiness of drying of a paper-containing sheet when the aqueous electrolyte solution is permeated into a paper-containing sheet in Test Example 4.
  • 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte solution and the bending angle of the paper-containing sheet when the aqueous electrolyte solution is permeated into the paper-containing sheet in Example 8.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte solution when the aqueous electrolyte solution is permeated into the paper-containing sheet in Example 9, the width of the permeated region, and the bending angle of the paper-containing sheet.
  • the method for manufacturing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure is a method for manufacturing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure made of paper or formed by folding a paper-containing sheet containing paper as a main component. By infiltrating the paper-containing sheet with water from one surface thereof, one or two or more portions having a water concentration gradient in the thickness direction of the paper-containing sheet are produced on the paper-containing sheet. By drying the paper-containing sheet having the water concentration gradient in the step (A), the paper-containing sheet is autonomously bent at the portion having the water concentration gradient. It has a step (B) and.
  • the paper-containing sheet is practically and efficiently used without using a special material and without requiring the supply of energy to the paper-containing sheet.
  • a paper-containing three-dimensional structure can be manufactured.
  • 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views for schematically explaining an example of the step (A) in the method for manufacturing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure of the present embodiment.
  • step (A) water is infiltrated into the paper-containing sheet from one surface thereof.
  • water 9 is adhered to one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • an appropriate amount of water 9 not be the excess, by attaching to one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1, FIG. 1B or FIG. 1C
  • the paper-containing sheet 1 can be infiltrated with water 9 from one of the surfaces 1a.
  • FIG. 1B shows a state in which the paper-containing sheet 1 is warped so that one surface 1a thereof is convex, and typically, after passing through such a state, the paper-containing sheet 1 is warped as shown in FIG. 1C. It will be in a resolved state.
  • the reason why the paper-containing sheet 1 warps is that the paper-containing sheet 1 permeates from one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1 toward the other surface 1b. This is because one surface 1a side of the paper-containing sheet 1 expands due to a higher concentration (higher content) of water 9 on one surface 1a side than on the other surface 1b side. With the passage of time, as the concentration difference of the water 9 becomes smaller, the influence of the expansion of the paper-containing sheet 1 is alleviated, and as shown in FIG. 1C, the warp of the paper-containing sheet 1 is eliminated.
  • the paper-containing sheet 1 is a sheet made of paper (that is, a sheet made of paper) or a sheet containing paper as a main component, and contains cellulose as a main component.
  • paper sheet examples include tracing paper and the like.
  • a sheet containing paper as a main component contains paper and other components.
  • the other components can be arbitrarily selected depending on the intended purpose as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. More specifically, examples of the other components include resins, silica gel and the like.
  • the other components contained in the sheet containing paper as a main component may be only one kind, two or more kinds, and when two or more kinds, the combination and ratio thereof are arbitrary. Can be selected.
  • the ratio of the content of the other components to the total mass of this sheet ([amount of the other components in a sheet containing paper as a main component (parts by mass)] / [paper The total mass (parts by mass) of the sheet containing It may be any of the following.
  • the ratio is not more than the upper limit value, the paper-containing sheet can be bent more efficiently than 1.
  • the ratio is more than 0% by mass, and may be, for example, 1% by mass or more. The larger the lower limit of the ratio, the higher the effect obtained by containing the other components.
  • the paper-containing sheet (sheet made of paper, sheet containing paper as a main component) 1 may be made of one layer (single layer) or may be made of two or more layers. ..
  • the paper-containing sheet is composed of a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers may be the same or different from each other, and the combination of the plurality of layers is not particularly limited.
  • the thickness T 1 of the paper-containing sheet 1 can be arbitrarily selected depending on the purpose, but is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 to 1,0 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ m. preferable. When T 1 is in such a range, the paper-containing sheet 1 can be bent with higher accuracy.
  • the "thickness of the paper-containing sheet” means the thickness of the entire paper-containing sheet, and for example, the thickness of the paper-containing sheet composed of a plurality of layers is the total of all the layers constituting the paper-containing sheet. Means the thickness of.
  • the shape of the paper-containing sheet 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is in the form of a sheet, and can be arbitrarily selected according to the structure of the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure. These shapes and structures will be described in detail later.
  • the water 9 can be attached (discharged) to one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1 as water droplets by, for example, an inkjet printing method.
  • the amount (adhesion amount) of the water 9 permeated into the paper-containing sheet 1 is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, but is 1.0 ⁇ 10-12 to 10 g / mm 3 . It is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 to 1 g / mm 3, and more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 to 1 g / mm 3.
  • the paper-containing sheet 1 can be bent more efficiently.
  • the thickness T 1 direction of the paper-containing sheet 1 One or two or more portions 11 having a concentration gradient of water 9 are prepared on the paper-containing sheet 1. In FIG. 1, only 1 is shown for convenience in the portion 11 having a water concentration gradient.
  • the paper-containing sheet has a concentration gradient of water in the thickness direction thereof, that is, the content of water per unit volume (water) in the direction in which the paper-containing sheet connects both sides at the shortest distance. Concentration) has different regions.
  • 1B and 1C show a state in which the content of water 9 in the paper-containing sheet 1 gradually decreases from one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1 toward the other surface 1b.
  • the permeation direction of the water 9 that is, the surface of the paper-containing sheet 1 to which the water 9 is adhered (the one surface 1a) to the opposite surface (the one surface).
  • the amount of water 9 in the paper-containing sheet 1 decreases in the direction toward the surface 1b).
  • the water 9 permeated into the paper-containing sheet 1 does not reach the other surface 1b of the paper-containing sheet 1, but in the step (A), the water 9 is as described above. If a concentration gradient is generated, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the water 9 permeated into the paper-containing sheet 1 may reach the other surface 1b of the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • the same components as those shown in the already explained figures are designated by the same reference numerals as in the case of the already explained figures, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • one or two or more portions 11 having such a water concentration gradient are produced on the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • the portion 11 having a water concentration gradient is prepared at a portion of the paper-containing sheet 1 to be bent. For example, when the paper-containing sheet 1 is viewed in a plan view from above on the one side of the surface 1a, the shape, size, and number of the portions 11 having a water concentration gradient are the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure. Determined according to the body.
  • 3A to 3D are plan views schematically showing an example of the shape of the portion 11 having a water concentration gradient.
  • the shape of the portion 11 having a water concentration gradient when the paper-containing sheet 1 is viewed in a plan view from above on the one surface 1a side thereof is shown.
  • the portion 11 having the water concentration gradient is formed linearly in a direction parallel to the one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1 (in other words, the surface direction). That is, the portion 11 having the water concentration gradient shown here is provided in a continuous manner in a direction parallel to the one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • the portion 11 having a water concentration gradient is formed in a dotted line in a direction parallel to the one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1. That is, in the portion 11 having the water concentration gradient shown here, the individual local portions having the water concentration gradient (the portions indicated by dots in FIG. 3B) are close to each other, and the paper-containing sheet 1 has a portion 11. It is provided in a direction parallel to the one surface 1a while being intermittently connected to each other. In the present embodiment, when the local sites having a water concentration gradient are provided close to each other and form some shape as a whole, one "water concentration gradient is obtained". It may be treated as a "site”.
  • the portion 11 having a water concentration gradient is formed in a dashed line in a direction parallel to the one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • the part 11 having a water concentration gradient shown here is the same as the part 11 having a water concentration gradient shown in FIG. 3B, except that some of the local parts have different shapes. Is.
  • the portion 11 having a water concentration gradient is formed in a solid line in a direction parallel to the one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1, and further, from one end of the solid line, the portion 11 is formed. It is continuously formed in a dotted line.
  • the solid linear portion is designated by reference numeral 111
  • the dotted line portion is designated by reference numeral 112.
  • the portion having a water concentration gradient in the present embodiment may be formed by combining different shapes or patterns in this way.
  • FIG. 3D there are two types of shapes or patterns that are combined, but in this embodiment, there are three types of shapes or patterns that are combined to form a portion having one water concentration gradient. It may be the above.
  • step (A) it is preferable to prepare the portion 11 having the water concentration gradient on the paper-containing sheet 1 in a solid line shape or a dotted line shape.
  • a so-called origami type structure having creases can be easily manufactured as the paper-containing three-dimensional structure.
  • the line width is 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 to It is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -3 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1.0 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ m. More preferred. When the line width is in such a range, the paper-containing sheet 1 can be bent more efficiently.
  • the line width when the portion having the water concentration gradient is linear, the line width may change with time.
  • the line width means a line width having a constant value when the line width does not change with time, and when the line width changes with time, it means the line width. It means the maximum value of the line width.
  • the line width W 1 shown in FIG. 1B is a numerical range described above.
  • the line width W 1 shown in FIG. 1C is a numerical range described above.
  • the line width can be measured, for example, by looking down at the paper-containing sheet 1 from above on the one side of the surface 1a and looking at it in a plan view.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a paper-containing sheet 1 in which a first portion 12 and a second portion 13 in which the amount of water permeated is larger than that of the first portion 12 are prepared as portions having such a water concentration gradient. Is a cross-sectional view schematically showing.
  • the only difference between the first site 12 having a water concentration gradient and the second site 13 having a water concentration gradient is the permeation amount of water 9, and these sites are the same except for this difference. ..
  • the sites (the first site 12 and the second site 13) in which the permeation amount of the water 9 is different from each other, in the step (B) described later, based on the difference in the permeation amount of the water 9. It is possible to make a difference in the bending speed at these sites. Then, by making a difference in the bending speed in this way, a paper-containing three-dimensional structure having a more complicated shape can be manufactured. Further, as a paper-containing three-dimensional structure, those having different bending angles at these sites can be manufactured.
  • Both the first part 12 and the second part 13 having the water concentration gradient can have the same form as the above-mentioned part 11 having the water concentration gradient.
  • the first part 12 and the second part 13 having a water concentration gradient can be produced by changing the amount of water 9 attached to one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1 to each other.
  • an aqueous solution (not shown) may be used. That is, as the water 9, the water in the aqueous solution may be attached to one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1. In this case as well, the water 9 can be permeated into the paper-containing sheet 1 in the same manner as when only water is used. In this case, the solute in the aqueous solution may also permeate the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • water and an aqueous solution may be collectively referred to as an "aqueous medium".
  • solute in the aqueous solution examples include an electrolyte such as a salt and a dye.
  • the solute in the aqueous solution may be only one kind, two or more kinds, or two or more kinds, and the combination and ratio thereof can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose.
  • the concentration of the components other than water, which is liquid at room temperature, in the aqueous solution is preferably as low as possible, for example, preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and 1% by mass or less. Is even more preferable.
  • the term "normal temperature” means a temperature that is not particularly cooled or heated, that is, a normal temperature, and examples thereof include a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C.
  • the paper-containing sheet 1 is autonomously bent by adhering the aqueous solution in which most of the solvent component is water or only water as the solvent component to the paper-containing sheet 1. , Faster and can be done with larger bending angles.
  • a technique for autonomously folding a sheet is disclosed.
  • lower alcohols such as 2-propanol are miscible with water, they do not have the effect of autonomously bending the paper-containing sheet, or even if they do, the effect is significantly inferior to that of water. Therefore, when compared in the same amount, when the above-mentioned aqueous solution containing 2-propanol is used, the above-mentioned aqueous solution in which most of the solvent components are water, or when only water is used as the solvent component.
  • the method for manufacturing the paper-containing three-dimensional structure of the present embodiment has a remarkable effect in that the paper-containing sheet can be autonomously bent at a faster speed and a larger bending angle than in the conventional case. Play.
  • step (A) when the aqueous solution containing the additive is adhered to one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1, two kinds of aqueous solutions having different concentrations of the additive are applied to each other of the paper-containing sheet 1. It may be attached separately to different regions.
  • step (A) when an aqueous solution is used and the water in the aqueous solution is attached to one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1 as water 9, two different aqueous solutions are applied to the paper-containing sheet 1. It may be attached separately to different regions. By doing so, in the direction parallel to the one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1 (in other words, the surface direction), the permeation amounts of the water 9 are different from each other (the first part 12 and the second part). 13) can be produced in the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • the solutes in the two aqueous solutions used to prepare the first site 12 and the second site 13 having a water concentration gradient may be the same or different from each other. That is, these two aqueous solutions may contain the same solute and have different solute concentrations, or may contain different solutes and have different solute concentrations. They may contain different solutes and have the same concentration of solutes. When either or both of these two aqueous solutions contains two or more salts, the concentration of the salt is the total concentration of all the salts contained.
  • the water 9 in the attached aqueous solution is attached. Since the amounts are different, the amounts of water 9 in these aqueous solutions that permeate into the paper-containing sheet 1 are different from each other. The lower the concentration of the solute in the aqueous solution, the greater the permeation amount of water 9 in the aqueous solution into the paper-containing sheet 1. Further, in this case, the permeation rate of the water 9 into the paper-containing sheet 1 is also different between these aqueous solutions. The lower the concentration of the solute in the aqueous solution, the faster the permeation rate of water 9 tends to be.
  • aqueous solutions having different solute types and the same solute concentration (M) are attached to the one surface 1a of the paper-containing sheet 1 in the same amount.
  • solutes of these solutes are attached. If the hydration parameters are different from each other, the amount of water 9 in these aqueous solutions permeating into the paper-containing sheet 1 will be different from each other. This is because the amount of water molecules that hydrate the solute differs due to the different hydration parameters of the solute, and the ease of permeation of water 9 into the paper-containing sheet 1 (water permeation rate) also differs. Is.
  • the smaller the hydration parameter of the solute the smaller the amount of water molecules that hydrate the solute, the easier it is for water 9 to permeate the paper-containing sheet 1, and the water in the aqueous solution into the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • the permeation amount of 9 tends to increase. Further, in this case, the permeation rate of the water 9 into the paper-containing sheet 1 is also different between these aqueous solutions.
  • the smaller the hydration parameter of the solute the faster the permeation rate of water 9 tends to be.
  • the first portion 12 is described. And the second part 13 can be easily produced.
  • the solute is not particularly limited as long as it has water solubility (in other words, is hydrateable), and can be arbitrarily selected.
  • the aqueous solution is preferably neutral.
  • the salt may be either an organic salt or an inorganic salt, but is preferably an inorganic salt.
  • the inorganic salt include lithium chloride (LiCl, hydration parameter: 7.1), sodium chloride (NaCl, hydration parameter: 3.5), potassium chloride (KCl, hydration parameter: 1.9), and the like.
  • Chloride of alkali metals such as rubidium chloride (RbCl, hydration parameter: 1.2); lithium bromide (LiBr, hydration parameter: 7.6), sodium bromide (NaBr, hydration parameter: 4.2).
  • Bromide of alkali metals such as potassium bromide (KBr, hydration parameter: 2.1), rubidium bromide (RbBr, hydration parameter: 0.9); lithium iodide (LiI, hydration parameter: 9.0) ), Sodium iodide (NaI, hydration parameter: 5.5), potassium iodide (KI, hydration parameter: 2.5), rubidium iodide (RbI, hydration parameter: 0.6) and other alkali metals.
  • alkali metals such as potassium bromide (KBr, hydration parameter: 2.1), rubidium bromide (RbBr, hydration parameter: 0.9); lithium iodide (LiI, hydration parameter: 9.0) ), Sodium iodide (NaI, hydration parameter: 5.5), potassium iodide (KI, hydration parameter: 2.5), rubidium iodide (RbI, hydration parameter:
  • magnesium chloride MgCl 2 , hydration parameter: 13.7), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 , hydration parameter: 12.0), strontium chloride (SrCl 2 , hydration parameter: 10.7), etc. chloride group 2 metal; magnesium bromide (MgBr 2, hydration parameters: 17.0), calcium bromide (CaBr 2, hydration parameters: 14.6), strontium bromide (SrBr 2, hydration parameters: Bromide of Group 2 metals such as 12.7); magnesium iodide (MgI 2 , hydration parameter: 19.0), calcium chloride (CaI 2 , hydration parameter: 17.0), strontium chloride (SrI) 2.
  • magnesium bromide MgBr 2, hydration parameters: 17.0
  • calcium bromide CaBr 2, hydration parameters: 14.6
  • strontium bromide SrBr 2, hydration parameters: Bromide of Group 2 metals such as 12.7
  • Hydrate of Group 2 metal such as hydration parameter: 15.5); manganese chloride (MnCl 2 , hydration parameter: 11.0), ferrous chloride (FeCl 2 , hydration parameter: 12.0) ), Chloride of transition metal such as cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 , hydration parameter: 13.0), nickel chloride (NiCl 2 , hydration parameter: 13.0) and the like.
  • the solute preferably has a hydration parameter of 0.5 to 20.0, for example, in terms of availability and suitability for use.
  • a solute having a hydration parameter of 0.5 to 9 can be selected.
  • a solute having a hydration parameter of 15 to 20 can be selected.
  • the concentration of the solute in the aqueous solution is not particularly limited and may be any longer than the saturation concentration.
  • the concentration of the solute in the aqueous solution may be, for example, 1 to 20 M, but when it is 1 to 7 M, the step (A) and the step (B) described later should be performed more stably. Can be done.
  • a case has been described in which a first site 12 having a water concentration gradient and a second site 13 having a water concentration gradient are produced by using two different aqueous solutions, but they are used in the present embodiment.
  • the types of different aqueous solutions can be arbitrarily selected according to the number of sites having a water concentration gradient in which the permeation amount of water 9 is different from each other, and may be 3 or more. That is, in the step (A), by separately adhering two or more different aqueous solutions to different regions of the paper-containing sheet, the amount of water permeating each other in the surface direction of the paper-containing sheet is increased. Two or more sites with different water concentration gradients may be prepared. In this case, for example, as the two or more kinds of aqueous solutions, those having different hydration parameters of the solute can be used.
  • the environmental pressure when the water 9 is adhered to and permeated into the paper-containing sheet 1 is preferably 0 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 12 Pa, and 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 to 1. It is more preferably 0.0 ⁇ 10 9 Pa, further preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 Pa, and may be, for example, under normal pressure (atmospheric pressure). Under such pressure conditions, the water 9 can be better permeated into the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • step (A) the paper-containing sheet 1 to adhere the water 9, the temperature at which to permeate is preferably -273.15 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 °C, -10 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10
  • the temperature is more preferably 3 ° C, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10-12 to 100 ° C, and may be, for example, 10 to 35 ° C. Under such temperature conditions, the water 9 can be better permeated into the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • the relative humidity when the water 9 is adhered to and permeated into the paper-containing sheet 1 is preferably 0 to 100%, more preferably 10 to 80%, for example, 20 to 20 to. It may be either 65% and 20-40%. Under such relative humidity conditions, the water 9 can be better permeated into the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • the time for infiltrating the paper-containing sheet 1 after the water 9 is attached can be arbitrarily set according to other conditions at this time, and is not particularly limited.
  • the time may be within 100,000 minutes.
  • step (A) two or more selected from the group consisting of environmental pressure, temperature, relative humidity and time when water 9 is adhered to the paper-containing sheet 1 and then permeated are set as the above-mentioned conditions.
  • the above conditions may be set for all of the environmental pressure, temperature, relative humidity and time when water 9 is adhered to the paper-containing sheet 1 and then permeated.
  • step (A) were allowed to adhere to water 9 to the paper containing sheets 1, when infiltrating, these steps, under normal pressure, the temperature -273.15 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 °C, relative It is preferably performed under a humidity of 0 to 100%, and may be performed under normal pressure, a temperature of 10 to 35 ° C., and a relative humidity of 20 to 65%, for example. However, this is an example of favorable conditions for the adhesion and permeation of water 9.
  • the paper-containing sheet having the water concentration gradient is dried.
  • the paper-containing sheet 1 begins to bend and dries (in other words, water 9) so that one surface 1a becomes concave at the portion 11 having the water concentration gradient.
  • the bending angle increases, and for example, as shown in FIG. 5B, the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure 10 is formed in a state where drying is completed.
  • the paper-containing sheet 1 is dried by drying the paper-containing sheet 1 having the water concentration gradient (in other words, the portion 11 having the water concentration gradient is present). It bends autonomously at the portion 11'that had the concentration gradient of the water.
  • the cellulose molecules are initially bonded to each other by hydrogen bonds.
  • step (A) when water 9 is impregnated into the paper-containing sheet 1, one surface 1a side expands as described above, but in the paper-containing sheet 1, water molecules are interspersed with cellulose molecules. It is presumed that the hydrogen bond is cleaved and the water molecule is interposed between the cellulose molecules, and the intermolecular bond of the cellulose molecule-water molecule-cellulose molecule is formed.
  • the paper-containing sheet 1 is manufactured in a state of being strained by an external force due to the manufacturing method thereof.
  • step (B) When the step (B) is performed on such a paper-containing sheet 1 after the step (A), as the water 9 in the paper-containing sheet 1 is reduced by drying, the paper-containing sheet 1 is again subjected to the step (B). , Cellulose molecules are bonded to each other by hydrogen bonds. At this time, it is presumed that the paper-containing sheet 1 is in a stable state with the strain reduced or eliminated from the initial state, and shrinks more than before the water 9 permeates. It is presumed that the paper-containing sheet 1 finally bends autonomously at the portion 11'that had the concentration gradient of the water, as shown in FIG. 5B, due to the shrinkage force generated at this time.
  • the step (B) thus, of both sides of the paper-containing sheet 1 (that is, one side 1a and the other side 1b), the side having a high concentration of water 9 (that is, one side 1a). Is inward (that is, the other surface 1b is outward), and the paper-containing sheet 1 is bent autonomously.
  • the bent portion When the paper-containing sheet is bent autonomously, the bent portion does not always have a clear crease, and the surface of the bent portion is often curved.
  • the bending angle of the paper-containing sheet can be easily measured when the bent portion has a clear crease, but when the surface of the bent portion has a curved surface, the same method as when the folded portion has a crease can be used. It is difficult to measure.
  • the bending angle of the paper-containing sheet can be measured by the following method.
  • 6A to 6B are schematic views for explaining a method of measuring the bending angle of the paper-containing sheet in such a case, and FIG. 6A is a plan view showing the paper-containing sheet before bending. 6B is a front view showing a paper-containing sheet (that is, a paper-containing three-dimensional structure) after bending.
  • the paper containing sheet 8 shown in FIG. 6A, the step (A), a linear width W 81 of the (thick line-like), portions 81 having a concentration gradient of water are produced.
  • the portion on the right side of the portion 81 having the water concentration gradient in the width W 81 direction is the first portion 802, which is on the left side.
  • the site is the second site 803.
  • a width W 802 of the first portion 802, the width W 803 of the second portion 803 are in a relationship of W 802 ⁇ W 803.
  • the paper-containing three-dimensional structure 80 is formed as shown in FIG. 6B by autonomously bending the paper-containing sheet 8 in the step (B).
  • the portion 81'in the paper-containing three-dimensional structure 80 (paper-containing sheet 8) having a water concentration gradient one surface 8a is a concave surface (the other surface 8b is a convex surface). ing.
  • the length of 1 / 2W 81 is the surface direction of the first portion 802. in the same direction, extending the line to the tip and the virtual end P 1.
  • the end opposite the first end portion P 2 and the side portions had a concentration gradient of water 81 ', chromatic of the second portion 803, the concentration gradient of water the side portions 81 'which has been a end opposite the second end P 3.
  • the virtual end portion P 1 , the first end portion P 2, and the second end portion P 3 are shown with black dots for convenience in order to make them easy to understand.
  • an extension line segment connecting the first end portion P 2 and the virtual end portion P 1 is further extended beyond the virtual end portion P 1, and the extension portion of this extension line segment and the second end portion are formed.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 (°) formed by the line segment connecting the end portion P 3 and the virtual end portion P 1 is adopted as the bending angle of the paper-containing sheet 8.
  • ⁇ 1 usually satisfies the condition of 0 ° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 180 °, and here exemplifies the case where ⁇ 1> 90 °.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 (°) formed by the line segment connecting the first end portion P 2 and the virtual end portion P 1 and the line segment connecting the second end portion P 3 and the virtual end portion P 1 contains paper.
  • ⁇ 2 also normally satisfies the condition of 0 ° ⁇ 2 ⁇ 180 °, and here, the case where ⁇ 2 ⁇ 90 ° is illustrated.
  • the pressure at which the paper-containing sheet 1 is dried is preferably 0 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 12 Pa, and is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 Pa. Is more preferable, and 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 Pa is further preferable, and for example, it may be under normal pressure (atmospheric pressure). By drying the paper-containing sheet 1 under such pressure, the paper-containing sheet 1 can be bent more efficiently.
  • the temperature at which drying of paper containing sheet 1 (drying temperature) is preferably -273.15 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 °C, -10 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 °C It is more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10-12 to 100 ° C., and may be, for example, 20 to 70 ° C. By drying the paper-containing sheet 1 under such temperature conditions, the paper-containing sheet 1 can be bent more efficiently.
  • the relative humidity when the paper-containing sheet 1 is dried is preferably 0 to 100%, more preferably 10 to 80%, and for example, 20 to 65% and 20 to 20 to. It may be any of 40%. By drying the paper-containing sheet 1 under such a relative humidity condition, the paper-containing sheet 1 can be bent more efficiently.
  • the time (drying time) for drying the paper-containing sheet 1 can be arbitrarily set according to other conditions at the time of drying, and is not particularly limited.
  • the time for drying the paper-containing sheet 1 may be 1.0 ⁇ 10 30 minutes or less, 100,000 minutes or less, or 10,000 minutes or less.
  • step (B) it is preferable to set two or more selected from the group consisting of the pressure, temperature, relative humidity and time when the paper-containing sheet 1 is dried under the above-mentioned conditions, and the paper-containing sheet 1 is used.
  • the pressure, temperature, relative humidity and time for drying may all be set to the above conditions.
  • a state having a concentration gradient of water paper containing sheets 1, under normal pressure, the temperature -273.15 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 °C, relative humidity of 0% to 100% under conditions For example, it may be dried under normal pressure at a temperature of 20 to 70 ° C. and a relative humidity of 20 to 65%.
  • this is an example of preferable drying conditions for the paper-containing sheet 1.
  • the step (B) may be started, for example, in a state where the paper-containing sheet 1 is warped as shown in FIG. 1B, or may be started in a state where the paper-containing sheet 1 is not warped as shown in FIG. 1C. You may.
  • the environmental conditions pressure, temperature, relative humidity, etc.
  • the step (B) is started when the decrease in the amount of water 9 in the paper-containing sheet 1 can be clearly confirmed.
  • the step (at the time when this condition is changed) B) can be assumed to have started.
  • the decrease in the amount of water 9 in the paper-containing sheet 1 can be confirmed, for example, by measuring the mass of the paper-containing sheet 1 in which water 9 has permeated.
  • step (A) two or more different aqueous solutions are separately adhered to different regions of the paper-containing sheet 1, so that the amount of water 9 permeating each other in the surface direction of the paper-containing sheet 1 is increased.
  • step (B) paper is contained between the two or more parts in the step (B) depending on the method of using the two or more kinds of aqueous solutions. Differences can be made in the autonomous bending mode of the sheet 1.
  • the concentration of the solute in the aqueous solution is adjusted, or the type of the solute is adjusted to be the same as described in 2 above.
  • the step (B) it is possible to make a difference in the autonomous bending angle or speed of the paper-containing sheet 1 between the two or more parts.
  • the paper-containing sheet 1 is provided with two or more autonomous bent portions having different modes. , Can be formed more easily.
  • Shape of paper-containing sheet The shape of the paper-containing sheet can be arbitrarily selected according to the structure of the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure.
  • 7A to 7C are perspective views schematically showing an example of the paper-containing sheet used in the present embodiment and the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure.
  • the paper-containing sheet 2 shown in FIG. 7A has a cross-shaped shape in which one of the two sides has a long length.
  • the paper-containing sheet 2 is subjected to step (A), and as shown in FIG. 7B, these square-shaped sheets are formed.
  • Sites 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 having a water concentration gradient can be produced at the sites corresponding to the joints of the sheets.
  • the portions 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 having a concentration gradient of water are all produced by infiltrating water from the same side surface of the paper-containing sheet 2, that is, one surface 2a side. can do.
  • the paper-containing sheet 2 is placed on the one surface 2a side in the portions 21', 22', 23', 24'and 25'that had the water concentration gradient. Bend autonomously. As described above, as shown in FIG. 7C, the cubic paper-containing three-dimensional structure 20 can be manufactured.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing another example of the paper-containing sheet used in the method for manufacturing the paper-containing three-dimensional structure of the present embodiment.
  • the paper-containing sheet 200 shown here has an arc shape corresponding to about 3/4 of the circumference in the four corners of the paper-containing sheet 2 shown in FIG. 7A whose outer circumference forms an angle of 90 °.
  • Notch 29 is provided, and is located on the outer circumference of the straight line, and corresponds to about 1/2 of the circumference at two places that can be regarded as the joints of the above-mentioned two square sheets. Corresponds to the one provided with the arcuate notch 28.
  • the paper-containing sheet 200 is provided with notches (four notches 29 and two notches 28) on the outer periphery thereof overlapping the planned bending points.
  • autonomous bending in the step (B) is easier than in the case of the paper-containing sheet 2 shown in FIG. 7A.
  • the method for producing a paper-containing three-dimensional structure according to the present embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and a part of the configuration is changed, deleted or added within a range not deviating from the gist of the present invention. There may be.
  • FIG. 9A to 9B are cross-sectional views schematically showing another example of the paper-containing sheet in which the portion having the water concentration gradient is produced, the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure, and other examples in the present embodiment. ..
  • the paper-containing sheet 3 shown in FIG. 9A has a rectangular planar shape, and by performing step (A), a portion 31 having a linear water concentration gradient at two locations on one surface 3a side thereof. Is produced, and sites 32 having a linear water concentration gradient are produced at three locations on the other side of the surface 3b.
  • step (B) the paper-containing sheet 3 is autonomously bent toward the one surface 3a at the portion 31'that has the water concentration gradient, and the water concentration gradient is set. At the portion 32'that it had, it is autonomously bent toward the other surface 3b.
  • the corrugated paper-containing three-dimensional structure 30 can be manufactured.
  • the part having the water concentration gradient in the paper-containing sheet is made as one independent linear shape, and the flat paper-containing sheet is autonomously and linearly bent along this part.
  • the arrangement of the portion having the water concentration gradient in the paper-containing sheet and the autonomous folding method of the paper-containing sheet are not limited to this.
  • FIG. 10A to 10B are cross-sectional views schematically showing another example of the paper-containing sheet in which the portion having the water concentration gradient is produced, the target paper-containing three-dimensional structure, and other examples in the present embodiment. ..
  • the paper-containing sheet 4 shown in FIG. 10A has a rectangular planar shape, and by performing step (A), a portion 41 having a large number of linear water concentration gradients on one surface 4a side thereof. However, they are manufactured parallel to each other with a slight gap. On the other hand, on the other surface 4b side of the paper-containing sheet 4, a portion having a water concentration gradient is not formed.
  • the paper-containing sheet 4 is autonomously bent toward the one surface 4a at the portion 41'that has the water concentration gradient.
  • the paper-containing sheet 4 has the same number of portions 41'that have a water concentration gradient as the portions 41 that have a water concentration gradient. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10B, the semi-cylindrical paper.
  • the contained three-dimensional structure 40 can be manufactured.
  • the paper-containing three-dimensional structure 40 can be used. It is also possible to have a shape other than the semi-cylindrical shape. For example, by increasing the amount of water permeation or widening the width of the portion 41 having the water concentration gradient as compared with the case of FIG. 10B, a cylindrical paper-containing three-dimensional structure or a roll-shaped wound shape can be obtained. It is possible to manufacture a paper-containing three-dimensional structure of the above.
  • the part having a water concentration gradient in the paper-containing sheet is generally shown to have a linear shape, but if a water concentration gradient can be formed, the part having a water concentration gradient is shown.
  • the shape of is, for example, some filled shape (eg, polygonal, circular, elliptical, and indefinite shape that does not fall under any of these, and one or more of these shapes, whose surface area is clearly larger than the line. It may be a composite shape in which the above are combined).
  • the method for manufacturing the paper-containing three-dimensional structure of the present embodiment does not require the supply of energy such as electric current and heat to the paper-containing sheet, and does not require the paper to be modified with a special material. It has the advantage of high practicality. Further, the method for manufacturing the paper-containing three-dimensional structure of the present embodiment has an advantage that the paper-containing sheet can be autonomously bent at a higher speed and a larger bending angle than the conventional method.
  • the manufacturing method of this embodiment is useful for manufacturing a three-dimensional electronic device, manufacturing a shock absorbing material, folding a sheet, and the like.
  • the unit of concentration "M” means "mol / L”.
  • a test piece having a size of 95 mm in length and 65 mm in width (hereinafter, may be referred to as "TP1 test piece") is cut out from TP1 and stored in a storage chamber in which the relative humidity is maintained at 30%. , The state of the TP1 test piece was stabilized. Next, the TP1 test piece was taken out from the storage, and the TP1 test piece was attached and fixed to the center of the surface of A4 size paper using a removable spray glue. Then, under the conditions of a temperature of 24 ° C.
  • the ejection amount of the water-based black ink is 0.0017 g, 0.0043 g, 0.0093 g, 0.0172 g and 0.0314 g in five ways using an inkjet printer.
  • the black print density can be adjusted in 5 ways of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, and for each level of black ink ejection amount, the above-mentioned fixed TP1 test piece can be used.
  • inkjet printing was performed (step (A)).
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a paper-containing sheet (TP1 test piece after printing black ink) after performing the step (A) in this embodiment.
  • the printed TP1 test piece was allowed to stand for 10 seconds under the conditions of a temperature of 24 ° C. and a relative humidity of 47% to allow the black ink to permeate the TP1 test piece.
  • the TP1 test piece was peeled off from the A4 size paper on which it was fixed, and the peeled TP1 was placed on a thermoplate whose temperature was adjusted to 60 ° C. in an environment of 30% relative humidity.
  • the TP1 test piece was dried and the TP1 test piece was autonomously bent (step (B)).
  • the TP1 test piece was placed on the thermoplate so that the side opposite to the printed surface of the TP1 test piece faces the thermoplate side. By the time the drying was finished, the autonomous bending of the TP1 test piece had already stopped.
  • the bending angle ( ⁇ 1 ) of the TP1 test piece (paper-containing three-dimensional structure) obtained in this manner after bending was measured by the method described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6B. At this time, the imaging data of the TP1 test piece after bending was acquired, and the bending angle ( ⁇ 1 ) was measured by using the imaging data and software. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG.
  • TP2 test piece, TP3 test piece, TP4 test piece, TP5 test piece, TP6 test piece, and TP7 are used in the same manner as in the case of the above TP1 test piece except that TP2 to TP7 are used instead of TP1.
  • the bending angle ( ⁇ 1 ) of each of the test pieces was measured. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. In FIG. 12, the results of the TP4 test piece, the TP5 test piece, and the TP6 test piece are not shown.
  • FIG. 13 shows a graph in which the results (bending angles) obtained above are plotted for each standardized ink ejection amount.
  • the thickness of the tracing paper is 97 ⁇ m or less (that is, TP3 test piece, TP4 test piece, TP5 test piece, TP6 test piece, TP7 test piece), the bending angle is almost close. It was confirmed that it was a value. This meant that a relatively thin tracing paper having a thickness of about 97 ⁇ m or less could easily achieve the desired bending angle regardless of the thickness.
  • the aqueous medium was discharged (adhered) to the tracing paper under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 54%.
  • the amount of the aqueous medium discharged to the tracing paper (synonymous with the amount of water to be infiltrated; the same applies hereinafter) was 0.000140823 g / mm 3, and the line width of the solid line was 6 mm.
  • the temperature and relative humidity were the same as when the aqueous medium was discharged, and the time was set to 300 seconds.
  • the tracing paper was dried under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C., a relative humidity of 54%, and a time of 10 minutes. By the time the drying was finished, the autonomous bending of the tracing paper had already stopped. All the steps up to this point were performed under normal pressure.
  • Example 3 Using tracing paper (thickness 89.2 ⁇ m, size 210 mm ⁇ 297 mm) as the paper-containing sheet and ion-exchanged water as the aqueous medium, a substantially spherical paper-containing three-dimensional structure is manufactured as shown in FIG. bottom.
  • the fine solid line in the left figure shows the cutting part of the tracing paper
  • the solid line in the figure near the center shows the ejection part of the aqueous medium in the tracing paper by the inkjet printing method.
  • the figure on the right is the imaging data of the manufactured paper-containing three-dimensional structure.
  • the aqueous medium was discharged (adhered) to the tracing paper under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 54%.
  • the amount of the aqueous medium discharged to the tracing paper was 0.000140823 g / mm 3 .
  • the temperature and relative humidity were the same as when the aqueous medium was discharged, and the time was set to 300 seconds.
  • the tracing paper was dried under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C., a relative humidity of 54%, and a time of 30 minutes. By the time the drying was finished, the autonomous bending of the tracing paper had already stopped. All the steps up to this point were performed under normal pressure.
  • Example 4 Using tracing paper (thickness 89.2 ⁇ m, size 210 mm ⁇ 297 mm) as the paper-containing sheet and ion-exchanged water as the aqueous medium, as shown in FIG. 17, a soccer ball-shaped paper-containing three-dimensional structure was formed. Manufactured. In FIG. 17, the fine solid line in the figure on the left side shows the cutting part of the tracing paper, and the thick solid line in the figure near the center indicates the ejection part of the aqueous medium in the tracing paper by the inkjet printing method. The figure on the right is the imaging data of the manufactured paper-containing three-dimensional structure.
  • the aqueous medium was discharged (adhered) to the tracing paper under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 54%.
  • the amount of the aqueous medium discharged to the tracing paper was 0.000140823 g / mm 3, and the line width of the solid line was 5 mm.
  • the temperature and relative humidity were the same as when the aqueous medium was discharged, and the time was set to 300 seconds.
  • the tracing paper was dried under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C., a relative humidity of 54%, and a time of 30 minutes. By the time the drying was finished, the autonomous bending of the tracing paper had already stopped. All the steps up to this point were performed under normal pressure.
  • Example 5 Using tracing paper (thickness 89.2 ⁇ m, size 210 mm ⁇ 297 mm) as the paper-containing sheet and ion-exchanged water as the aqueous medium, as shown in FIG. 18, a paper airplane-shaped paper-containing three-dimensional structure was formed. Manufactured. In FIG. 18, the fine solid line in the left figure shows the cut portion of the tracing paper, and the thick solid line in the two figures near the center is the water-based by the inkjet printing method on both sides of the tracing paper. The figure on the right shows the ejection site of the medium, and the figure on the right is the imaging data of the manufactured paper-containing three-dimensional structure.
  • the aqueous medium was discharged (adhered) to the tracing paper under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 54%.
  • the amount of the aqueous medium discharged to the tracing paper was 0.000140823 g / mm 3, and the line widths of the solid lines were 7 mm and 15 mm.
  • the temperature and relative humidity were the same as when the aqueous medium was discharged, and the time was set to 300 seconds.
  • the tracing paper was dried under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C., a relative humidity of 54%, and a time of 30 minutes. By the time the drying was finished, the autonomous bending of the tracing paper had already stopped. All the steps up to this point were performed under normal pressure.
  • Example 6 Using tracing paper (thickness 89.2 ⁇ m, size 40 mm ⁇ 50 mm) as the paper-containing sheet and ion-exchanged water as the aqueous medium, as shown in FIG. 19, it is substantially cylindrical and has a convex surface thereof.
  • a three-dimensional wiring board provided with silver wiring was manufactured as a paper-containing three-dimensional structure. More specifically, by using an inkjet printer to eject an ink composition containing silver nanoparticles onto one surface of tracing paper before bending, printing is performed so as to obtain the print data shown in FIG. A pattern was formed, and then the printed pattern was heated and dried at 60 ° C. to form silver wiring on tracing paper.
  • step (A) was performed. That is, an inkjet printer is used on the other surface of the tracing paper on which the silver wiring is formed (the surface opposite to the side on which the silver wiring is formed), and ion-exchanged water is used as an aqueous medium.
  • the aqueous medium was discharged so as to obtain the print data shown in 19.
  • the aqueous medium was discharged (adhered) to the tracing paper under the conditions of a temperature of 24 ° C. and a relative humidity of 48%.
  • the amount of the aqueous medium discharged to the tracing paper was 0.000140823 g / mm 3, and the line width of the solid line was 8 mm.
  • the inkjet printer As the inkjet printer, the one used for ejecting the ink composition containing the silver nanoparticles described above was used as it was.
  • the aqueous medium was filled in a cartridge different from the cartridge filled with the ink composition.
  • the temperature and relative humidity were the same as when the aqueous medium was discharged, and the time was set to 300 seconds.
  • step (B) was performed. That is, the tracing paper impregnated with water was dried under the conditions of a temperature of 24 ° C., a relative humidity of 48%, and a time of 30 minutes. By the time the drying was finished, the autonomous bending of the tracing paper had already stopped.
  • the three-dimensional wiring board could be manufactured by a simplified method without the ink composition and the aqueous medium interfering with each other.
  • Example 7 As shown in FIG. 20, it is substantially cylindrical and convex in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the printing pattern of the ink composition containing silver nanoparticles and the aqueous medium is changed.
  • a wearable device provided with silver wiring on the surface was manufactured as a paper-containing three-dimensional structure.
  • Tracing paper (thickness 125 ⁇ m, size 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm) was used as the paper-containing sheet, and the tracing paper was separately immersed in each of the above-mentioned lithium chloride aqueous solutions. Then, t seconds after the start of immersion (0 ⁇ t ⁇ 1800), using a microscope (“SZX16” manufactured by Olympus Corporation), the tracing paper being immersed is observed from directly above the surface of the tracing paper. The length L t (mm) of the tracing paper was measured in a direction orthogonal to the length direction of the cellulose fibers constituting the above (hereinafter referred to as "direction orthogonal to the fiber length direction").
  • the concentration was 12 M
  • the LR remained less than 1 from the middle of the lapse of time, but when the immersion time was extended to more than 1800 seconds, it was estimated that the LR became more than 1.
  • the concentrations were 15M and 18M
  • the concentration was 12M.
  • the LR may be more than 1 as in the case of the above concentration of 12M.
  • the concentration of the lithium chloride aqueous solution the faster the tracing paper tended to expand.
  • the tracing paper was taken out from the lithium chloride aqueous solution. Then, after another 50 seconds have passed, the water in the tracing paper is used under the conditions of a temperature of 20 to 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 53 to 55% using an electronic balance (“GH-252” manufactured by A & D Co., Ltd.). The amount was measured. This measurement was performed until 12000 seconds (200 minutes) had passed since the tracing paper was placed on the electronic balance.
  • GH-252 manufactured by A & D Co., Ltd.
  • the concentration of the lithium chloride aqueous solution was in this range (9 to 18M), the higher the concentration, the faster the moisture was absorbed.
  • the concentration of the lithium chloride aqueous solution was low, the lower the concentration, the faster the tracing paper tended to dry. This is because the smaller the amount of lithium chloride (mol) in the tracing paper, the smaller the amount of water molecules that hydrate the lithium chloride in the tracing paper, and the easier it is for water to vaporize from the tracing paper. It was speculated that there was.
  • Tracing paper (thickness 125 ⁇ m, size 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm) was used as the paper-containing sheet, and the tracing paper was separately immersed in the three aqueous solutions and water obtained above. Then, t seconds after the start of immersion (0 ⁇ t ⁇ 5), the tracing paper being immersed was observed from directly above the surface of the tracing paper using a microscope (“SZX16” manufactured by Olympus Corporation), and the fiber length was observed. The length L t (mm) of the tracing paper in the direction orthogonal to the direction was measured.
  • the tracing paper in the case of water, the tracing paper swelled fastest. Then, in the three kinds of aqueous electrolyte solutions, the tracing paper expanded rapidly in the order of the smaller hydration parameters of the electrolyte, that is, the aqueous solution of potassium chloride, the aqueous solution of sodium bromide, and the aqueous solution of lithium chloride.
  • the smaller the hydration parameter of the electrolyte the faster the tracing paper tended to expand. It was speculated that this is because the smaller the hydration parameter of the electrolyte, the smaller the amount of water molecules that hydrate the electrolyte, and the easier it is for water to permeate the tracing paper.
  • Tracing paper (thickness 125 ⁇ m, size 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm) was used as the paper-containing sheet, and the tracing paper was separately immersed in the four aqueous solutions and water obtained above. Then, immediately after 1800 seconds (30 minutes) from the start of immersion, tracing paper was taken out from these four aqueous solutions or water. Then, after another 50 seconds have passed, the water in the tracing paper is used under the conditions of a temperature of 20 to 22 ° C. and a relative humidity of 48 to 51% using an electronic balance (“GH-252” manufactured by A & D Co., Ltd.). The amount was measured. This measurement was performed until 12000 seconds (200 minutes) had passed since the tracing paper was placed on the electronic balance. Then, the drying rate DR of the tracing paper was calculated by the same method as in the case of Test Example 2. The results are shown in FIG.
  • the tracing paper dried fastest.
  • the hydration parameters of the electrolytes are in ascending order, that is, potassium bromide (KBr) aqueous solution, sodium bromide (NaBr) aqueous solution, lithium chloride (LiCl) aqueous solution and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) aqueous solution.
  • the tracing paper dried quickly in this order.
  • the aqueous electrolyte solution the smaller the hydration parameter of the electrolyte, the faster the tracing paper tended to dry. It was speculated that this is because the smaller the hydration parameter of the electrolyte, the smaller the amount of water molecules that hydrate the electrolyte in the tracing paper, and the easier it is for water to vaporize from the tracing paper.
  • Example 8 ⁇ Confirmation of the relationship between the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte solution and the bending angle of the paper-containing sheet when the aqueous electrolyte solution is infiltrated into the paper-containing sheet >> Lithium chloride (LiCl) aqueous solutions having concentrations of 0M, 6M, 12M and 18M were prepared.
  • Use tracing paper (thickness 60 ⁇ m, size 65 mm ⁇ 95 mm) as a paper-containing sheet, and attach this tracing paper to the center of the surface of A4 size paper using a removable spray glue. Attached and fixed. Then, under the conditions of a temperature of 20 to 22 ° C.
  • each lithium chloride aqueous solution obtained above was separately printed on tracing paper using an inkjet printer (step (A)). .. At this time, printing was performed on the central portion of the tracing paper in the longitudinal direction in a thick line having a width of 15 mm along the lateral direction. Next, the printed tracing paper was peeled off from the A4 size paper to which it was fixed, placed in a closed container, and allowed to stand. Then, the tracing paper was dried in this state and bent autonomously (step (B)). During this time, the relative humidity in the closed container was adjusted to 55-60%. Then, the bending angle of the tracing paper during this period ( ⁇ 1 in FIG. 6B) (°) was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
  • Example 9 ⁇ Confirmation of the relationship between the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte solution when the aqueous electrolyte solution is infiltrated into the paper-containing sheet, the width of the infiltrated area, and the bending angle of the paper-containing sheet >> Lithium chloride (LiCl) aqueous solutions having concentrations of 0M, 6M, 12M and 18M were prepared.
  • Use tracing paper (thickness 60 ⁇ m, size 65 mm ⁇ 95 mm) as a paper-containing sheet, and attach this tracing paper to the center of the surface of A4 size paper using a removable spray glue. Attached and fixed. Then, under the conditions of a temperature of 20 to 22 ° C.
  • each lithium chloride aqueous solution obtained above was separately printed on tracing paper using an inkjet printer (step (A)). .. At this time, printing was performed on the central portion of the tracing paper in the longitudinal direction along the lateral direction in thick lines having widths d of 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm, respectively.
  • the printed tracing paper was peeled off from the A4 size paper to which it was fixed, placed in a closed container, and allowed to stand. Then, the tracing paper was dried in this state for 2 days and bent autonomously (step (B)). During this time, the relative humidity in the closed container was adjusted to 64%. Then, the bending angle of the tracing paper during this period ( ⁇ 1 in FIG. 6B) (°) was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
  • the present invention can be used in all fields to which origami technology can be applied, such as manufacturing of three-dimensional electronic devices, manufacturing of shock-cushioning materials, folding of sheets, and the like.
  • Paper-containing sheet 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a One side of the paper-containing sheet 1b, 3b, 4b ... The other side of the paper-containing sheet 11 , 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 31, 32, 41, 81 ... Parts having a water concentration gradient on the paper-containing sheet 12 . Parts having a water concentration gradient on the paper-containing sheet (1st Part) 13 ... A portion of the paper-containing sheet having a water concentration gradient (second portion) 111 ... A part of the paper-containing sheet having a water concentration gradient (solid line part) 112 ...
  • a part of the paper-containing sheet having a water concentration gradient (dotted part) 11', 21', 22', 23', 24', 25', 31', 32', 41', 81'...

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a pour but de fournir un procédé de fabrication d'une nouvelle structure tridimensionnelle utilisant une technique d'origami et présentant une grande utilité pratique. La solution selon l'invention porte sur un procédé, pour fabriquer une structure tridimensionnelle contenant du papier configurée par pliage d'une feuille contenant du papier qui est formée à partir de papier ou qui a du papier comme composant principal, comprenant une étape (A) dans laquelle, par perméation de la feuille contenant du papier avec de l'eau d'un côté de celle-ci, une zone de la feuille contenant du papier ayant un gradient de concentration d'eau dans la direction de l'épaisseur est réalisée en une ou plusieurs feuilles contenant du papier, et une étape (B) dans laquelle, par séchage de la feuille contenant du papier dans un état ayant le gradient de concentration d'eau susmentionné, la feuille contenant du papier se plie automatiquement dans la zone ayant ledit gradient de concentration d'eau.
PCT/JP2021/019718 2020-05-25 2021-05-25 Procédé de fabrication d'une structure tridimensionnelle contenant du papier WO2021241543A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7100331B1 (ja) * 2022-02-12 2022-07-13 国立大学法人 東京大学 折り構造

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5256693A (en) * 1975-10-31 1977-05-10 Sadaaki Hiraga Device for controlling humidity of corrugated cardboard liner
JPH10500638A (ja) * 1994-12-23 1998-01-20 マウラー インゴ 紙製ランプ笠の製造方法
JP2003300265A (ja) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd ダンボール製造装置
JP2004350906A (ja) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-16 Univ Waseda シート状部材のアクチュエータおよびその製造方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5256693A (en) * 1975-10-31 1977-05-10 Sadaaki Hiraga Device for controlling humidity of corrugated cardboard liner
JPH10500638A (ja) * 1994-12-23 1998-01-20 マウラー インゴ 紙製ランプ笠の製造方法
JP2003300265A (ja) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd ダンボール製造装置
JP2004350906A (ja) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-16 Univ Waseda シート状部材のアクチュエータおよびその製造方法

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SHIGEMUNE, HIROKI ET AL.: "Proceedings of the 2014 JSME Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics", 2A2-V05 DESIGN OF PRINTED PAPER ROBOT WITH ORGANIC ACTUATOR: PROPOSAL OF PAPER MECHATRONICS, 25 May 2014 (2014-05-25), Toyama, Japan, pages 1 - 4, ISSN: 2424-3124 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7100331B1 (ja) * 2022-02-12 2022-07-13 国立大学法人 東京大学 折り構造

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