WO2021241446A1 - 検体中の標的分子の検出方法、及び標的分子検出キット - Google Patents
検体中の標的分子の検出方法、及び標的分子検出キット Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
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- C12Y113/12—Oxidoreductases acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (1.13) with incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases or internal mixed function oxidases)(1.13.12)
- C12Y113/12007—Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolysing) (1.13.12.7), i.e. firefly-luciferase
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- C12Y207/04—Phosphotransferases with a phosphate group as acceptor (2.7.4)
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
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- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/544—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being organic
- G01N33/548—Carbohydrates, e.g. dextran
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- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/581—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with enzyme label (including co-enzymes, co-factors, enzyme inhibitors or substrates)
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- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/569—Single domain, e.g. dAb, sdAb, VHH, VNAR or nanobody®
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- C12Q2304/00—Chemical means of detecting microorganisms
- C12Q2304/60—Chemiluminescent detection using ATP-luciferin-luciferase system
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- G01N2470/00—Immunochemical assays or immunoassays characterised by the reaction format or reaction type
- G01N2470/04—Sandwich assay format
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting a target molecule in a sample and a target molecule detection kit.
- Immunoassays are widely used as a method for detecting targets such as viruses in human body fluids and allergens in foods.
- Immunochromatography is an immunoassay method that applies the property of a sample flowing slowly on a cellulose membrane while dissolving a reagent (capillary phenomenon), and is applied to pregnancy diagnosis, influenza test, and the like.
- immunochromatography has an advantage that it can be measured very easily, it has low sensitivity because it uses a determination method based on coloration. In the determination of influenza, etc., if the amount of virus in the sample immediately after the onset is small, the virus cannot be detected, and it is necessary to wait for a while until the amount of virus increases sufficiently before remeasurement. There is.
- ELISA Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay
- ELISA uses a substrate whose absorption spectrum changes due to an enzymatic reaction (colorimetric method), a substrate that emits a fluorescence signal (fluorescence method), a substrate that emits light (chemiluminescence method, bioluminescence method), etc., and uses a plate reader or lumino. Enzyme activity is quantified by a measuring device such as a meter, and target molecules can be detected and quantified.
- Patent Document 1 a method for quantifying ATP by using an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that produces ATP, causing the produced ATP to emit light using luciferase, and measuring the amount of emitted light is known (Patent Document). 1). Further, a method of amplifying ATP in a sample and quantifying the amplified ATP by using a bioluminescence method is known (Patent Document 2). However, all of these quantification methods are quantification methods for molecules used in ATP conversion reactions such as ATP, and target molecules that are not involved in the ATP conversion reaction in a sample are labeled with an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP. It is not an immunoassay method that is detected by using it as an enzyme.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an immunoassay method for a target molecule using acetate kinase or pyruvate phosphate dikinase as a labeling enzyme. Has been done. However, with this method, only a luminescence signal based on the ATP production amount depending only on the turnover number of acetic acid kinase or pyruvate phosphate dikinase can be obtained, and a trace amount of ATP cannot be detected. Further, this method uses ATP supply by acetate kinase using ADP, which is easily decomposed, as a first-stage reaction, and is not suitable for commercial use such as a detection kit.
- the sensitivity is determined by the antibody label and its detection method.
- the bioluminescence method that can detect molecules with the highest sensitivity is capable of detecting about 10-20 mol (thousands of molecules) in one assay. This bioluminescence method
- an object of the present invention is a method for detecting a target molecule in a sample, which can be measured even when the amount of the target molecule in the sample is below the detection limit and cannot be measured by the conventional immunoassay method.
- the purpose is to provide a target molecule detection kit.
- Step (1) A target molecule in a sample, a capture molecule that binds to the target molecule, and a labeled binding molecule that binds to the target molecule labeled with an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that produces ATP.
- a complex consisting of the target molecule, the labeled binding molecule, and the trapping molecule hereinafter referred to as a target molecule / labeled binding molecule / trapping molecule complex).
- Step (2) In the step (1), a step of removing the labeled binding molecule that did not bind to the target molecule, and a step of removing the labeled binding molecule.
- Step (3) An ATP production step of reacting the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex with a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction for producing ATP to produce ATP.
- Step (4) ATP amplification step of amplifying ATP produced in the step (3)
- Step (5) An ATP detection step of detecting the ATP amplified in the step (4), and A method for detecting a target molecule in a sample, including.
- the labeled binding molecule is an antibody or antibody fragment or aptamer that specifically binds to a target molecule and is labeled with an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that produces ATP [1] to [3].
- the detection method according to any one of the above.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is pyruvate phosphate dikinase, and the substrates of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are phosphoenolpyruvate, pyrophosphate, and AMP.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is acetyl-CoA synthetase, and the substrates of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl-CoA. 1] The detection method according to any one of [4].
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is ATP sulfulylase, and the substrates of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and pyrophosphate. [1] ] To the detection method according to any one of [4]. [8] The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is type II polyphosphoric acid kinase, and the substrates of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are AMP and polyphosphoric acid. [1] to [ 4] The detection method according to any one of the items.
- a target molecule detection kit in a sample which comprises a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes ATP, a reagent that amplifies ATP, and a reagent that detects ATP.
- the labeled binding molecule is an antibody or antibody fragment or aptamer that specifically binds to the target molecule, labeled with an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP, [13] or [14].
- Detection kit described in. [16] The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is pyruvate phosphate dikinase, and the substrates of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are phosphoenolpyruvate, pyrophosphate, and AMP.
- the detection kit according to any one of [13] to [15].
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is acetyl-CoA synthetase, and the substrates of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl-CoA.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is ATP sulfulylase, and the substrates of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and pyrophosphate. [13] ] To the detection kit according to any one of [15].
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is type II polyphosphoric acid kinase, and the substrates of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are AMP and polyphosphoric acid, [13] to [ 15]
- the reagent for amplifying ATP is AMP, phosphoenolpyruvate, magnesium ion, adenylate kinase and pyruvate kinase.
- the reagent for amplifying ATP is AMP, acetyl phosphate, magnesium ion, adenylate kinase and acetate kinase.
- the reagent for detecting the ATP is D-luciferin and luciferase.
- the target molecule in the sample can be detected. Can be detected.
- the target molecule detection kit in the sample of the present invention even if the conventional immunomeasurement kit cannot measure the target molecule in the sample because the amount of the target molecule in the sample is below the detection limit, the target molecule in the sample cannot be measured.
- a target molecule detection kit capable of detecting a target molecule is provided.
- the target molecule 10 in the sample is reacted with the capture molecule 20 immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40 and bound to the target molecule 10 and the labeled binding molecule 30 labeled with an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction to produce ATP.
- FIG. 1 It is a graph which showed the emission intensity of the sample of the sample No. 1 to 7 of Example 1.
- FIG. When the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody of Example 2 and the reagent for amplifying ATP are used in combination, when the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody is used alone, negative control (when ATP amplification is performed and ATP amplification is performed). It is a graph which showed the emission intensity of). Negative when ATP is amplified when the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody of Example 2 is used in combination and when the reagent for amplifying ATP is used alone and when the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody is used alone. It is a graph which showed the emission intensity which subtracted the emission intensity of a control and the emission intensity of a negative control when ATP was not amplified, respectively, as a background.
- the method for detecting a target molecule in a sample of the present invention is Step (1): The target molecule in the sample, the capture molecule that binds to the target molecule, and the labeled binding molecule that binds to the target molecule labeled with the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are reacted. , Target molecule / labeled bound molecule / trapped molecule complex forming step to form target molecule / labeled bound molecule / trapped molecule complex, Step (2): In the step (1), a step of removing the labeled binding molecule that did not bind to the target molecule, and a step of removing the labeled binding molecule.
- Step (3) An ATP production step of reacting the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex with a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction for producing ATP to produce ATP.
- Step (4) ATP amplification step of amplifying ATP produced in the step (3), and
- Step (5) An ATP detection step of detecting the ATP amplified in the step (4), and It is characterized by including.
- step (1) the capture molecule and the labeled binding molecule are bound to the target molecule labeled with the capture molecule that binds to the target molecule and the reaction that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP, respectively. Means a labeled binding molecule.
- step (1) the target molecule, the captive molecule, and the labeled binding molecule are reacted with each other to form the target molecule, the labeled binding molecule, and the captive molecule complex. This is a step of forming a capture molecule complex.
- step (1) as a method of reacting the target molecule in the sample, the capture molecule, and the labeled binding molecule, a method of simultaneously reacting the target molecule, the capturing molecule, and the labeled binding molecule in the sample.
- the method may be a method in which the target molecule and the capture molecule are reacted to form a target molecule / capture molecule complex composed of the target molecule and the capture molecule, and then the labeled binding molecule is reacted.
- a method may be used in which the target molecule and the labeled binding molecule are reacted to form a target molecule / labeled binding molecule complex composed of the target molecule and the labeled binding molecule, and then the capture molecule is reacted. ..
- the trapping molecule may or may not be immobilized on the insoluble carrier, but is preferably immobilized.
- the target molecule 10 in the sample, the capture molecule 20 immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40, and the labeled binding molecule 30 are reacted and targeted on the insoluble carrier 40.
- the state in which the molecule / labeled bound molecule / trapped molecule complex is formed is shown.
- the target molecule / labeled binding molecule formed in the step (1) is formed by washing the insoluble carrier 40 with a washing solution in the step (2) described later.
- the trapped molecule complex can be easily separated from the unreacted component (component derived from the sample, labeled bound molecule 30 that did not bind to the target molecule 10, etc.).
- Examples of the cleaning solution include phosphate buffered saline (hereinafter, also referred to as PBS), PBS containing a surfactant, an aqueous medium described later, and the like.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- examples of the surfactant include nonionic surfactants such as Tween 20 and the like.
- the insoluble carrier 40 is not particularly limited as long as it can immobilize the trapping molecule 20.
- Preferred materials for the insoluble carrier 40 include polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyvinyltoluene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polymethacrylate, gelatin, agarose, cellulose, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate, cycloolefin polymer, polyethylene terephthalate and the like.
- Examples thereof include polymer materials, glass, ceramics, magnetic particles, metals, etc., but cellulose acetate, cycloolefin polymers, etc., which do not adsorb proteins and can suppress non-specific binding of the labeled binding molecule 30 to the insoluble carrier. Is preferable.
- Preferred shapes of the insoluble carrier include tubes; beads; plates; substrates; fine particles such as latex; sticks and the like.
- a known method such as a method using a physical bond, a method using a chemical bond, or a combination thereof is used.
- the physical bond include an electrostatic bond, a hydrogen bond, a hydrophobic bond and the like.
- the chemical bond include a covalent bond and a coordination bond.
- a substrate made of a cyclopolyolefin polymer is used as the insoluble carrier 40, a solution of the capture molecule 20 is added to the substrate and incubated at 4 ° C to 30 ° C for 1 hour to 1 day. Examples thereof include a method of physically adsorbing and immobilizing.
- the capture molecule 20 may be directly immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40 or indirectly on the insoluble carrier 40.
- an indirect immobilization method for example, a solution of the biotinylated capture molecule 20 is added to the insoluble carrier 40 on which avidin is immobilized, and the capture molecule 20 is transferred to the insoluble carrier via a specific bond between biotin and avidin.
- a method of immobilizing to 40 can be mentioned.
- an antibody that specifically binds to the capture molecule 20 may be immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40, and the capture molecule 20 may be immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40 via this antibody.
- the capture molecule 20 may be immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40 by covalent bonding via a linker.
- Examples of the linker include molecules that can be covalently bonded to both the functional group of the capture molecule 20 and the functional group held on the surface of the insoluble carrier 40.
- the molecules include a first reactive active group capable of reacting with the functional group of the capture molecule 20 and a second reactive active group capable of reacting with the functional group held on the surface of the insoluble carrier 40.
- a molecule having the above in the same molecule is preferable. Among them, a molecule in which the first reaction-active group and the second reaction-active group are different is particularly preferable.
- the functional group of the capture molecule 20 and the functional group retained on the surface of the insoluble carrier 40 include a carboxyl group, an amino group, a glycidyl group, a sulfhydryl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imino group, an N-hydroxysuccinyl group and a maleimide.
- the group etc. can be mentioned.
- Active reactive groups in the linker include allyl azide, carbodiimide, hydrazide, aldehyde, hydroxymethylphosphine, imide ester, isocyanate, maleimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, pentafluorophenyl (PFP) ester, solarene, pyridyl disulfide. , Vinyl sulfone and the like.
- the sample is not particularly limited, and for example, body fluids and tissues such as blood, blood cells, serum, plasma, spinal fluid, urine, sweat, saliva, sheep's water, and pancreatic fluid of mammals such as humans are not particularly limited. Examples thereof include foods, extracts from foods, animal cells, plant cells, insect cells, cell culture fluids of microbial cells, and cleaning fluids for medical devices and the like.
- the sample may be one collected from the object to be detected, or may be one obtained by subjecting the collected sample to a treatment such as dilution or concentration that is usually performed. Further, the sample used in the detection method of the present embodiment may be one collected or prepared at the time of carrying out the detection method of the present embodiment, or may be previously collected or prepared and stored.
- the target molecule 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is a molecule to be detected in the detection method of the present embodiment and can be detected by the detection method of the present embodiment.
- examples include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, vitamins, polysaccharides, small molecule compounds and the like.
- the nucleic acid include DNA, RNA and the like.
- proteins include enzymes, hormones, various peptides and the like.
- the capture molecule 20 is not particularly limited as long as it is a molecule that can specifically bind to the target molecule 10 in the sample, and for example, it specifically binds to the target molecule 10.
- examples thereof include an antibody or an antibody fragment, an aptamer that specifically binds to the target molecule 10, and the like.
- the antibody either a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody can be used, but a monoclonal antibody is preferable.
- the antibody fragment include F (ab') 2 , F (ab) 2 , Fab', Fab, Fv, scFv, variants thereof, fusion proteins or fusion peptides containing an antibody moiety, and the like.
- a heavy chain variable region antibody (hereinafter, also referred to as VHH antibody) of a camelid animal antibody can also be used.
- VHH antibody can bind to the antigen only in the heavy chain variable region.
- the VHH antibody can be used in tandem, and by tandemizing, the binding affinity with the antigen as the target molecule can be improved, and the non-specific binding with the molecule other than the antigen can be reduced. Can be done.
- These antibodies and antibody fragments can be prepared by known methods.
- the aptamer that specifically binds to the target molecule in the sample may be a nucleic acid aptamer such as a DNA aptamer or an RNA aptamer, or a peptide aptamer.
- Nucleic acid aptamers can be produced by known methods such as in vitro selection method and SELEX method. Further, the nucleic acid aptamer may be molecularly modified with 2'-pyrimidine fluoride, PEG chain, or the like, and the molecular modification can prolong the half-life of the nucleic acid aptamer.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is not particularly limited as long as it is an enzyme that can catalyze the reaction that produces ATP, and is, for example, pyruvate phosphate dikinase (Pyrubate).
- Phosphate dikinase hereinafter also referred to as PPDK
- acetyl-CoA synthetase Acetyl-CoA synthetase
- ATP-Sulfurylase type II polyphosphate kinase and the like can be mentioned, but PPDK is preferable.
- PPDK acts on AMP, phosphoenoral pyruvate and pyrophosphate (PPi) in the presence of magnesium ion as a cofactor to produce ATP, pyruvate and phosphate (Pi). It is a known enzyme that catalyzes and vice versa, and is also called pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase.
- the labeled binding molecule 30 is not particularly limited as long as it is a molecule that binds to the target molecule 10 labeled with an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces the ATP.
- the ATP examples thereof include an antibody or an antibody fragment, an aptamer, etc., which are labeled with an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction for producing the above-mentioned target molecule 10 and specifically bind to the target molecule 10.
- the labeled binding molecule 30 may bind to the target molecule 10 at a portion different from that of the capture molecule 20, or may bind to the target molecule 10 at the same portion as the capture molecule 20.
- Examples of the antibody, antibody fragment, and aptamer in the labeled binding molecule 30 include the antibody, antibody fragment, and aptamer in the capture molecule 20 described above, respectively.
- the combination of the labeled binding molecule 30 and the capture molecule 20 may be antibodies to each other, an antibody to an antibody fragment, an antibody to an aptamer, an antibody fragment to an aptamer, or the like. ..
- Labeling of the labeled binding molecule 30 creates a covalent bond between the functional group of the molecule that binds to the target molecule 10 and the functional group of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP, with or without a linker. It can be done by the reaction that occurs.
- the functional group include a carboxyl group, an amino group, a glycidyl group, a sulfhydryl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an imino group, a hydroxysuccinyl ester group, a maleimide group, an isothiocyanate group and the like. It is possible to carry out a condensation reaction between these functional groups.
- Examples of the bonding method not via a linker include a method using a carbodiimide compound such as EDC. In this case, it is also possible to use an active ester such as NHS or a derivative thereof.
- the condensation reaction between the isothiocyanate group and the amino group is preferable because it does not require other reagents and proceeds only by mixing under neutral to weakly alkaline conditions.
- the linker has, for example, both a functional group that reacts with the functional group of the molecule that binds to the target molecule 10 and a functional group that reacts with the functional group of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP. Things can be mentioned.
- Those having both of the functional groups in the molecule include the first functional group capable of reacting with the amino acid residue of the molecule that binds to the target molecule 10 and the functionality of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP.
- a molecule having a second functional group capable of reacting with the group in the same molecule is preferable. Among them, a molecule in which the first functional group and the second functional group are different is particularly preferable.
- the functional group of the linker include the above-mentioned functional groups.
- the molecule that binds to the target molecule 10 is a protein such as an antibody or an antibody fragment
- the molecule that binds to the target molecule 10 and the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP are produced as one fusion protein. You can also do it.
- a linker peptide having several to several tens of residues may be inserted between the molecule that binds to the target molecule 10 and the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP may be fused to either the N-terminal side or the C-terminal side of the molecule that binds the target molecule 10.
- step (1) it is preferable to remove ATP in the sample in advance before forming the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex.
- ATP ATP can be amplified and the occurrence of false positives can be suppressed, and the target molecule 10 in the sample can be accurately detected.
- the method for removing ATP in the sample before forming the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex is not particularly limited as long as it can remove ATP in the sample.
- a method of removing ATP by washing, a method of decomposing and removing ATP by acting an enzyme that decomposes ATP such as adenosine triphosphate deaminase, apyrase, and hexokinase can be mentioned.
- the step (2) is a step of removing the labeled binding molecule 30 that did not bind to the target molecule 10 in the step (1).
- the occurrence of false positives can be suppressed and the target molecule can be detected accurately.
- components derived from the sample other than the target molecule 10 can be removed.
- the method for removing the labeled bound molecule 30 that did not bind to the target molecule in the step (2) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include washing and centrifugation, but washing is preferable.
- a method of washing an insoluble carrier on which a capture molecule, a target molecule, and a labeled binding molecule complex are immobilized with a washing liquid can be mentioned.
- the cleaning liquid include PBS, PBS containing a surfactant, an aqueous medium described later, and the like.
- the surfactant include nonionic surfactants such as Tween 20 and the like.
- the step (3) is an ATP production step in which the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex is reacted with a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction for producing ATP to produce ATP.
- the substrate of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP can be appropriately determined depending on the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP. For example, when the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is PPDK, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyrophosphate and AMP can be mentioned.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is acetyl-CoA synthetase, AMP, pyrophosphate and acetyl-CoA can be mentioned.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is ATP-Sulfyllase, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and pyrophosphate can be mentioned.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is type II polyphosphoric acid kinase, AMP and polyphosphoric acid can be mentioned.
- the reaction between the substrate of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP and the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is performed in the presence of a cofactor such as magnesium ion, depending on the enzyme used.
- the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex produced in the above step (1) is used as a cofactor.
- Pyruvic acid, phosphoric acid (Pi) and ATP are produced by reacting phosphoenolpyruvate, pyrophosphate (PPi) and AMP in the presence of magnesium ions.
- the produced ATP is subjected to the ATP amplification step of the next step (4).
- the step (4) is an ATP amplification step for amplifying the ATP produced in the step (3).
- the method for amplifying ATP is not particularly limited, but a method using a reagent for amplifying ATP is preferable.
- the reagent that amplifies ATP include an enzyme that amplifies ATP and a substrate thereof. When an enzyme that amplifies ATP and a substrate thereof are used, the reagent that amplifies ATP contains a cofactor necessary for the enzymatic reaction.
- Examples of the enzyme that amplifies ATP include a combination of adenylate kinase (hereinafter, also referred to as AK) and pyruvate kinase (hereinafter, also referred to as PK), a combination of AK and polyphosphate kinase, a combination of AK and creatin kinase, and AK. And the combination of acetate kinase and the like, but the combination of AK and PK is preferable.
- AK adenylate kinase
- PK pyruvate kinase
- the substrate and cofactor of the enzyme that amplifies ATP can be appropriately determined according to the enzyme that amplifies ATP.
- the enzyme that amplifies ATP is a combination of AK and PK
- the substrate of the enzyme that amplifies ATP includes AMP and phosphoenolpyruvate
- the cofactor includes magnesium ion.
- the enzyme that amplifies ATP is a combination of AK and polyphosphoric acid kinase
- the substrate of the enzyme that amplifies ATP includes AMP and polyphosphoric acid
- the cofactor includes magnesium ion.
- the substrate of the enzyme that amplifies ATP includes AMP and creatine phosphate
- the cofactor includes magnesium ion.
- the substrate of the enzyme that amplifies ATP includes AMP and acetylphosphate
- the cofactor includes magnesium ion.
- the method of amplifying ATP using a combination of AK and PK is shown by the following reaction formula.
- the step (4) may be performed at the same time as the step (3).
- the target molecule, the labeled binding molecule, and the capture molecule complex are charged with the substrate of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction for producing ATP and the ATP.
- a reagent that amplifies ATP By adding a reagent that amplifies ATP, ATP production and ATP amplification can be performed at the same time.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is PPDK, and when ATP is amplified using AK and PK, phosphoenolpyruvate is added to the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex.
- pyrophosphate (PPi) phosphoenolpyruvate
- PPi pyrophosphate
- AMP AMP
- AK AK
- PK magnesium ion
- the step (5) is an ATP detection step of detecting the ATP amplified in the step (4).
- the method for detecting ATP is not particularly limited, but a method using a reagent for detecting ATP is preferable.
- the reagent for detecting ATP include an enzyme that reacts with ATP to generate a dye or luminescence and a substrate thereof, an enzyme that reacts with ATP to produce hydrogen peroxide, and a substrate thereof.
- luciferase is used to measure the luminescence produced by ATP and D-luciferin, and glucokinase and acetate kinase are used in combination as an enzyme to detect ATP, and ATP and glucose are used.
- a method of amplifying the reaction of producing glucose-6-phosphate from, and further combining glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and diaphorase to carry out a visual coloring reaction Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-225098
- hexoxinase and pyruvate Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-225098
- a method of amplifying the reaction of producing glucose 6-phosphate from ATP and D-glucose in combination with a kinase and quantifying it by chemical luminescence using 1-methoxy-5-phenazinemethylsulfate and isolminol (specially).
- Kaisho 64-23900) a method of adding nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthin oxidase to ATP to quantify hydrogen peroxide generated in the reaction
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-11848 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-11848
- the phosphoric acid produced by allowing ATP-degrading enzyme to act on ATP Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-11848
- a method for measuring molybdenum blue generated by a reaction with molybdenum Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- ATP is allowed to act on nicotinic acid amide mononucleotide and adenyryl transferase, and the resulting NAD is used as a coenzyme.
- examples thereof include an oxidation-reduction reaction system and a method of performing and quantifying a coenzyme cycling reaction using reduced NAD as a coenzyme (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-166099). It is produced by ATP and D-luciferin using luciferase. A method of measuring luminescence is preferred.
- a commercially available kit for detecting the amount of ATP using colorimetry or fluorescence for example, ATP Colorimetric / Fluorometric Assay Kit, manufactured by BioVision
- ATP Colorimetric / Fluorometric Assay Kit manufactured by BioVision
- the reaction formula in which luciferase is used as an enzyme for detecting ATP and luminescence is generated by ATP amplified in step (4) and D-luciferin is shown below.
- luciferase examples include beetle luciferase derived from fireflies such as Hotinus pyraris and click beetle, recombinants of beetle luciferase, variants of beetle luciferase imparted with heat resistance and / or chemical resistance, or ATP and luciferin. , Molecular oxygen, and any luciferase that reacts with magnesium as a cofactor or any other divalent cation to produce luminescence. Further, as the substrate of luciferase, in addition to D-luciferin, luciferin analogs such as aminoluciferin and AkaLumine can also be used.
- the step (5) is the step (3) and the step. (4) ATP can be detected even if it is performed at the same time.
- the reaction for producing ATP is catalyzed on the target molecule, the labeled binding molecule, and the capture molecule complex.
- the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP is PPDK
- AK and PK are used for amplification of ATP
- ATP is detected by luciferase
- PPDK kinase
- AK and PK are used for amplification of ATP
- ATP is detected by luciferase
- the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / Simultaneous production, amplification and detection of ATP by adding phosphoenolpyruvate, pyrophosphate, AMP, AK, PK, D-luciferase, luciferase and magnesium ion as
- a calibration curve showing the relationship between the concentration of the target molecule and the signal in the ATP detection step is created and created.
- steps (1) to (5) are performed, and the concentration of the target molecule in the sample can be quantified from the measured value of the signal detected in the step (5). can.
- steps (1) to (5) are performed, the change over time of the signal intensity from the signal generation in the ATP detection step is measured, and an increase curve of the signal intensity is created. It is also possible to quantify the concentration of the target molecule in the sample by performing steps (1) to (5) from the sample and performing curve fitting with the increase curve of the signal intensity in the step (5).
- the step (1) and the steps (3) to (5) are carried out in an aqueous medium.
- the aqueous medium include deionized water, distilled water, a buffer solution and the like, and a buffer solution is preferable.
- the buffer used for preparing the buffer is not particularly limited as long as it has a buffering ability, but for example, a lactic acid buffer, a citrate buffer, an acetate buffer, a succinic acid buffer, and a phthalic acid having a pH of 1 to 11 are not particularly limited.
- Buffers phosphate buffers, triethanolamine buffers, diethanolamine buffers, lysine buffers, barbitur buffers, imidazole buffers, apple acid buffers, oxalate buffers, glycine buffers, borate buffers, Examples thereof include a carbon dioxide buffer, a glycine buffer, a Tris buffer, and a good buffer.
- the concentration of the buffer solution is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for detecting the target molecule, but is preferably 0.001 to 2.0 mol / L, more preferably 0.005 to 1.0 mol / L, and 0. 01 to 0.1 mol / L is particularly preferable.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an operation procedure of a target molecule detection method when the ATP amplification step and the ATP detection step are performed separately.
- the sample and the labeled binding molecule 30 are mixed, and the mixture of the obtained sample and the labeled binding molecule 30 is captured.
- the antibody 20 is added onto the immobilized insoluble carrier 40.
- the target molecule / labeled binding molecule complex is bound to the capture antibody 20 immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40, and the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex is formed on the insoluble carrier 40.
- the insoluble carrier 40 is washed with a washing solution to remove the labeled binding molecule 30 that did not bind to the target molecule 10. If cleaning is inadequate, repeat cleaning.
- Sufficient washing can be determined, for example, by the presence or absence of the labeled binding molecule 30 that did not bind to the target molecule 10 in the washing liquid. If the labeled binding molecule 30 is no longer present in the cleaning solution, it can be determined that cleaning is sufficient.
- an enzyme containing a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that produces ATP, a reagent that amplifies ATP, an enzyme that detects ATP, and, if necessary, a cofactor of the enzyme A reagent for amplifying ATP by adding a reaction solution (hereinafter, also referred to as enzyme reaction solution 1) to an insoluble carrier 40 and using an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction for producing ATP labeled on a labeled binding molecule 30. Amplifies by. When a sufficient time has elapsed for the ATP production reaction and the ATP amplification reaction, the process proceeds to the ATP detection step.
- the reaction time is extended. Whether or not the amplified amount of ATP is sufficient can be determined by whether or not the amplified ATP can be detected.
- a substrate for detecting ATP (hereinafter, also referred to as enzyme reaction solution 2) is added.
- Measure the generated signal For example, if the generated signal is luminescence, the luminescence signal intensity is measured. When the generated signal intensity exceeds a certain threshold value, it can be determined that the target molecule 10 is contained in the sample. When the generated signal intensity does not exceed a certain threshold value, it can be determined that the target molecule 10 is not contained in the sample.
- the threshold value of the signal intensity for determining that the sample contains the target molecule 10 can be appropriately set depending on the purpose of detection, the detection sensitivity, and the like.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an operation procedure of a target molecule detection method when the ATP amplification step and the detection step are performed at the same time.
- the insoluble carrier 40 is washed with a washing solution to remove the labeled binding molecule 30 that has not bound to the target molecule 10.
- the steps up to the step are the same as in the case where the ATP amplification step and the ATP detection step are performed separately.
- the enzyme reaction solution 1 and the enzyme reaction solution 2 are added to the insoluble carrier 40 and labeled with the labeled binding molecule 30.
- a reaction for amplifying ATP produced by an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction for producing ATP and a reaction for detecting amplified ATP are performed at the same time. If sufficient time has passed for the reaction, the signal generated by the reaction is measured. If sufficient time has not passed for the reaction and the amount of ATP detected is insufficient, the reaction time is extended. Whether or not the reaction time is sufficient can be determined by the intensity of the signal generated in the reaction.
- the reaction time is sufficient and a signal is generated, measure the signal intensity.
- the generated signal intensity exceeds a certain threshold value, it can be determined that the target molecule 10 is contained in the sample.
- the generated signal intensity does not exceed a certain threshold value, it can be determined that the target molecule 10 is not contained in the sample.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an operation procedure of a method for quantifying a target molecule when the ATP amplification step and the ATP detection step are performed at the same time.
- the insoluble carrier 40 is washed with a washing solution to remove the labeled binding molecule 30 that did not bind to the target molecule 10.
- the steps up to this step are the same as in the case of the target molecule detection method in which the ATP amplification step and the ATP detection step are separately performed.
- the enzyme reaction solution 1 and the enzyme reaction solution 2 are added to the insoluble carrier 40, and the labeled binding molecule is added.
- a reaction for detecting the amplified ATP at the same time as amplifying the ATP produced by the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction for producing the ATP labeled with 30 is performed, and the intensity of the signal generated in the ATP detection reaction is measured from the signal generation start time. Measure changes over time. If sufficient time has not passed for the reaction and the signal intensity is insufficient for quantification, the reaction time is extended.
- reaction time is sufficient and the signal intensity is sufficient for quantification, fitting with the time-dependent change data of the signal intensity prepared in advance by generating a signal in the same manner using a target molecule having a known concentration. To calculate the amount of target molecule contained in the sample.
- FIG. 5A shows a side view of a configuration example of immunochromatography using the method for detecting a target molecule of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5B shows a top view of a configuration example of immunochromatography using the method for detecting a target molecule of the present embodiment.
- Lateral flow using the method for detecting a target molecule of the present embodiment includes a sample addition unit 50, a first reagent storage unit 51, a second reagent storage unit 52, a flow path 53, a mixing / reaction unit 54, a detection unit 55, and a waste liquid. It is composed of a housing portion 56.
- the labeled binding molecule 30 (hereinafter, also referred to as reagent 1) is contained in the first reagent accommodating unit 51.
- the second reagent storage unit 52 contains a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that produces ATP, a reagent that amplifies ATP, and an enzyme that detects ATP (hereinafter, also referred to as reagent 2).
- the mixing / reaction unit 54 contains an insoluble carrier 40 on which the capture molecule 20 is immobilized.
- the mixing / reaction unit 54 can also serve as the detection unit 55.
- the sample is added to the sample addition section 50 using a pipette or the like, and the liquid is sent to the flow path 53.
- an automatic liquid feeding using a machine can also be used.
- the automatic liquid feeding can also be performed by using, for example, a cartridge that feeds the elastic container by applying an external force to the elastic container with a pump or a roller.
- 5A and 5B show an example of liquid feeding using the roller 57.
- the reagent 1 stored in the first reagent storage section 51 is sent to the flow path 53 by the roller 57 and mixed with the sample to form a target molecule / labeled binding molecule complex, and the mixing / reaction section is formed. It is supplied to 54.
- the target molecule / labeled binding molecule complex supplied to the mixing / reaction unit 54 is captured by the capture molecule 20 immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40 contained in the mixing / reaction unit 54, and is captured by the target molecule / label.
- a compound-bonded molecule / capture molecule complex is formed on the insoluble carrier 40.
- the reagent 2 contained in the second reagent storage unit 52 is sent to the mixing / reaction unit 54 through the flow path 53 by the roller 57, and the mixing / reaction unit 54 is fed. It is added to the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40 contained in the ATP, and ATP is produced and amplified.
- a substrate for detecting ATP is added to the mixing / reaction unit 54, the amplified ATP, the enzyme for detecting ATP, and the substrate for the enzyme for detecting ATP react with each other to generate a signal.
- the generated signal is measured by the detector 55 according to the signal in the detection unit 55.
- the detector examples include a plate reader, a luminometer, a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a charge-coupled device (CCD), CMOS, a photosensitive material (photographic film, instant film, photographic paper, etc.) and the like.
- the reaction liquid and the cleaning liquid after the signal measurement are stored in the waste liquid storage unit 56 and discarded.
- a virus is used as the target molecule 10
- a PPDK-labeled VHH antibody is used as the labeled binding substance 30
- a DNA aptamer is used as the capture antibody 20
- an insoluble carrier is used.
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- sample A sample is added to the cartridge from the sample addition unit 50.
- saliva containing a virus is shown as an example as a sample.
- virus-PPDK-labeled VHH antibody complex of DNA aptamer
- the virus-PPDK-labeled VHH antibody complex is captured by DNA aptamer, which is a capture molecule 20 immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40, and virus-PPDK.
- a labeled VHH antibody-DNA aptamer complex is formed.
- a virus / PPDK-labeled VHH antibody / DNA aptamer complex formed on the COP contained in the mixing / reaction unit 54 by sending the cleaning liquid contained in the cleaning liquid storage unit 58 by the cleaning roller 57. Wash your body. Wash multiple times. This washing removes the PPDK-labeled VHH antibody that did not bind to ATP or virus in the sample.
- Reagent 2 containing phosphoenolpyruvate, pyrophosphate (PPi), AMP, AK, PK and luciferase (Luc) contained in the second reagent container 52 is mixed / reacted with a roller 57. The liquid is sent to the part 54.
- PPi pyrophosphate
- AMP pyrophosphate
- AK pyrophosphate
- PK luciferase
- ATP production and amplification Reagent 2 reacts with the virus, PPDK-labeled VHH antibody, and DNA aptamer formed on the COP, resulting in ATP production and ATP amplification. Let stand until the reaction progresses sufficiently.
- D-luciferin which is a substrate for luciferase, which is an enzyme that detects ATP
- D-luciferin is added to the mixing / reaction unit 54.
- the luciferase in the reagent 2 reacts with the amplified ATP and D-luciferin to generate a luminescence signal.
- the emission signal generated in (7) is measured using a detector such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a charge-coupled device (CCD), or CMOS.
- PMT photomultiplier tube
- CCD charge-coupled device
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- the kit for detecting the target molecule of the present embodiment is a kit used for the method for detecting the target molecule of the present embodiment, and is a capture molecule, a labeled binding molecule, a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction for producing ATP, and the like. It contains a reagent that amplifies ATP and a reagent that detects ATP.
- the capture molecule, the labeled binding molecule, the substrate of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP, the reagent that amplifies ATP, and the reagent that detects ATP are described above.
- Examples thereof include a capture molecule, a labeled binding molecule, a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that produces ATP, a reagent that amplifies ATP, and a reagent that detects ATP, which are mentioned in the method for detecting a target molecule of the present embodiment. ..
- the kit of the present embodiment may further include reagents and devices necessary for detecting the target molecule by the method of detecting the target molecule of the present embodiment.
- the kit of this embodiment includes a capture molecule, a labeled binding molecule, a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that produces ATP, a reagent that amplifies ATP, a reagent that detects ATP, and an insoluble carrier such as a substrate.
- the capture antibody 20 is immobilized on an insoluble carrier 40 such as a substrate.
- the sample addition section 50, the first reagent storage section 51, the second reagent storage section 52, the flow path 53, and the mixing / reaction section are shown in FIG.
- Examples include kits containing reagents for amplification and reagents for detecting ATP.
- the labeled binding molecule 30 (reagent 1) can be stored in the first reagent storage unit 51.
- the second reagent accommodating unit 52 can accommodate a reagent (reagent 2) containing a substrate of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that produces ATP, a reagent that amplifies ATP, and an enzyme that detects ATP.
- the mixing / reaction unit 54 contains an insoluble carrier 40 on which the capture molecule 20 is immobilized.
- the reagent 1 and the reagent 2 may be stored in advance in the first reagent storage unit 51 and the second reagent storage unit 52, respectively.
- the sample is added to the sample addition section 50 using a pipette or the like, and the liquid is sent to the flow path 53.
- the liquid feeding automatic liquid feeding using a machine can also be used.
- the automatic liquid feeding can be performed by applying a force from the outside to the elastic container by, for example, a pump or a roller.
- the kit of this embodiment may further include a necessary buffer solution, an enzyme reaction stop solution, a detector such as a plate reader or a luminometer, a product manual, and the like.
- the reagent 1 stored in the first reagent storage section 51 is sent to the flow path 53 by a roller 57 and mixed with the sample to form a target molecule / labeled binding molecule complex, and the mixing / reaction section. Supply to 54.
- the target molecule / labeled binding molecule complex supplied to the mixing / reaction unit 54 is captured by the capture molecule 20 immobilized on the insoluble carrier 40 contained in the mixing / reaction unit 54, and is captured by the target molecule / label.
- a compound-bonded molecule / capture molecule complex is formed on the insoluble carrier 40.
- the reagent 2 contained in the second reagent storage unit 52 is sent to the mixing / reaction unit 54 through the flow path 53 by the roller 57.
- the reagent 2 is added to the target molecule / labeled binding molecule / capture molecule complex formed on the insoluble carrier 40 contained in the mixing / reaction unit 54 to produce and amplify ATP.
- a substrate for detecting ATP is added to the mixing / reaction unit 54, and the amplified ATP is reacted with the substrate of the enzyme for detecting ATP and the substrate of the enzyme for detecting ATP to generate a signal.
- the generated signal is measured by the detection unit 55 with a detector corresponding to the signal. Examples of the detector include a plate reader, a luminometer, and the like.
- the reaction liquid and the cleaning liquid after the signal measurement are stored in the waste liquid storage unit 56 and discarded.
- the scope of application of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the present invention can be widely applied to a method and a kit for detecting a target molecule contained in a sample by an immunoassay method.
- Example 1 The signal intensities were compared between the case where the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP was used alone and the case where the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP and the reagent that amplifies ATP were used in combination.
- PPDK was used as an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP.
- AK and PK were used as the enzyme for amplifying ATP.
- As a reagent for detecting ATP beetle luciferase and its substrate were used. The reagents used in this example are shown below.
- the average values of the emission intensities of the samples of sample No. 4 and sample No. 5 when PPDK was used alone and the ATP amplification reaction using AK and PK were not performed were 152520 and 28410, respectively. there were.
- the average values of the emission intensities of the samples of sample No. 1 and sample No. 2 were 49522945 and 3451598, respectively.
- the sample of sample number 1 shows 32.5 times the emission intensity of the sample of sample number 4, and the sample of sample number 2 shows 121.5 times the emission intensity of the sample of sample number 5, and the condition that PPDK has a lower concentration is satisfied. It was shown that the combination of the ATP production reaction and the ATP amplification reaction favorably enhances the signal.
- the method of the present invention uses a combination of an enzyme that catalyzes an ATP-producing reaction and a reagent that amplifies ATP, as compared with a method that uses an enzyme that catalyzes an ATP-producing reaction alone.
- a method that uses an enzyme that catalyzes an ATP-producing reaction alone has been shown to have a significant effect on the detection of ATP.
- the efficiency of signal enhancement increases when the amount of PPDK, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces ATP, is small, the amount of labeled binding molecule that binds to the target molecule is small, that is, the target molecule is small. Even so, it is considered that the target molecule detection method of the present invention can detect the target molecule.
- Example 2 BSA was detected using a heavy chain variable region antibody (hereinafter, also referred to as PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody) of an anti-BSA-camera animal antibody labeled with PPDK, and the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody was used alone.
- PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody a heavy chain variable region antibody
- the signal intensities when used and when the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody and the reagent for amplifying ATP were used in combination were compared.
- AK and PK were used as enzymes for amplifying ATP.
- As the reagent to be detected by BSA beetle luciferase and its substrate were used. The reagents used in this example are shown below.
- BSA was detected by the following procedure.
- the 96-well plate obtained above was set in a luminometer GloMAX navigator (manufactured by Promega) and allowed to stand for 15 minutes.
- Reagent B (5 ⁇ g / ml Luc, PBS containing 200 ⁇ M D-luciferin) was added to each well in an amount of 50 ⁇ l each using a luminometer pump, and the emission intensity of each sample was measured immediately after the addition.
- the emission intensity was measured by measuring the amount of emission (counts / seconds; cps) per second for each well of the 96-well plate. The measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the luminescence intensity when the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody was used alone was 1226 cps on average, which was 1187 cps, which was the luminescence intensity of the negative control when ATP was not amplified. In comparison, the difference was small.
- the luminescence intensity when the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody and the reagent for amplifying ATP were used in combination was 19290 cps, which was compared with the luminescence intensity of 3409 cps which was the negative control luminescence intensity when ATP was amplified. The intensity was greatly amplified.
- FIG. 9 shows a graph of the emission intensity obtained by subtracting the emission intensity of the negative control when ATP is not amplified and the emission intensity of the negative control as the background.
- the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody and the reagent for amplifying ATP are combined as compared with the case where the PPDK-labeled anti-BSA-VHH antibody is used alone and ATP is not amplified. It was found that when ATP was amplified, the emission intensity was greatly increased. From the above, it was shown that the method of the present invention has a remarkable effect in detecting the target molecule contained in the sample. Even when the number of target molecules is small and signal detection is difficult when an antibody labeled with an ATP-producing enzyme is used alone, the method for detecting a target molecule of the present invention amplifies a signal to obtain a target molecule. It is thought that it can be detected.
- Target molecule 10
- Capture molecule 10
- Capture molecule 30
- Labeled binding molecule 40
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、イムノクロマトグラフィは、非常に簡便に測定が可能というメリットがあるが、呈色による判定方法を使用しているため、低感度である。インフルエンザなどの判定においては、発症直後の検体中のウィルス量が少ない場合などに、ウィルスを検出することができず、ウィルス量が十分に増えるまで時間をおいてからの再測定が必要になることがある。
[1] 工程(1):検体中の標的分子と、前記標的分子と結合する捕捉分子と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、前記標的分子と結合する標識化結合分子とを反応させ、前記標的分子と前記標識化結合分子と前記捕捉分子とからなる複合体(以下、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体と称する)を形成させる、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体形成工程と、
工程(2):前記工程(1)において、標的分子と結合しなかった前記標識化結合分子を除去する工程と、
工程(3):前記標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質とを反応させATPを産生させる、ATP産生工程と、
工程(4):前記工程(3)で産生されたATPを増幅する、ATP増幅工程と、
工程(5):前記工程(4)で増幅したATPを検出する、ATP検出工程と、
を含む、検体中の標的分子の検出方法。
[2] 前記工程(1)において、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体を形成させる前に、予め、検体中のATPを除去する工程を含む、[1]に記載の検出方法。
[3] 前記捕捉分子が、標的分子と特異的に結合する、抗体若しくは抗体フラグメント、又はアプタマーである、[1]又は[2]に記載の検出方法。
[4] 前記標識化結合分子が、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、標的分子と特異的に結合する、抗体若しくは抗体フラグメント、又はアプタマーである、[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
[5] 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、ピルビン酸リン酸ジキナーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、ホスホエノールピルビン酸、ピロリン酸及びAMPである、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
[6] 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、アセチル-CoAシンテターゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、AMP、ピロリン酸、及びアセチル-CoAである、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
[7] 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、ATPスルフリラーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、アデノシン5’-ホスホスルフェート及びピロリン酸である、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
[8] 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、II型ポリリン酸キナーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、AMP及びポリリン酸である、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
[9] 前記工程(4)において、ATPの増幅を、アデニル酸キナーゼとピルビン酸キナーゼとを用いることにより行う、[1]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
[10] 前記工程(4)において、ATPの増幅を、アデニル酸キナーゼとポリリン酸キナーゼとを用いることにより行う、[1]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
[11] 前記工程(4)において、ATPの増幅を、アデニル酸キナーゼと酢酸キナーゼとを用いることにより行う、[1]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
[12] 前記工程(5)において、ATPの検出を、ルシフェラーゼを用いることにより行う、[1]~[11]のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
[13] 標的分子と結合する捕捉分子が固定化された不溶性担体と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、前記標的分子と結合する標識化結合分子と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質と、ATPを増幅する試薬と、ATPを検出する試薬と、を含む、検体中の標的分子検出キット。
[14] 前記捕捉分子が、標的分子と特異的に結合する、抗体若しくは抗体フラグメント、又はアプタマーである、[13]に記載の検出キット。
[15] 前記標識化結合分子が、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、標的分子と特異的に結合する、抗体若しくは抗体フラグメント、又はアプタマーである、[13]又は[14]に記載の検出キット。
[16] 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、ピルビン酸リン酸ジキナーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、ホスホエノールピルビン酸、ピロリン酸及びAMPである、[13]~[15]のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
[17] 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、アセチル-CoAシンテターゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、AMP、ピロリン酸及びアセチル-CoAである、[13]~[15]のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
[18] 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、ATPスルフリラーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、アデノシン5’-ホスホスルフェート及びピロリン酸である、[13]~[15]のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
[19] 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、II型ポリリン酸キナーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、AMP及びポリリン酸である、[13]~[15]のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
[20] 前記ATPを増幅する試薬が、AMP、ホスホエノールピルビン酸、マグネシウムイオン、アデニル酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸キナーゼである、[13]~[19]のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
[21] 前記ATPを増幅する試薬が、AMP、ポリリン酸、マグネシウムイオン、アデニル酸キナーゼ及びポリリン酸キナーゼである、[13]~[19]のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
[22] 前記ATPを増幅する試薬が、AMP、アセチルリン酸、マグネシウムイオン、アデニル酸キナーゼ及び酢酸キナーゼである、[13]~[19]のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
[23] 前記ATPを検出する試薬が、D-ルシフェリン及びルシフェラーゼである、[13]~[22]のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
工程(1):検体中の標的分子と、前記標的分子と結合する捕捉分子と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、前記標的分子と結合する標識化結合分子とを反応させ、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体を形成させる、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体形成工程と、
工程(2):前記工程(1)において、標的分子と結合しなかった前記標識化結合分子を除去する工程と、
工程(3):前記標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質とを反応させATPを産生させる、ATP産生工程と、
工程(4):前記工程(3)で産生されたATPを増幅する、ATP増幅工程と、
工程(5):前記工程(4)で増幅したATPを検出する、ATP検出工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする。
なお、以下の記載において、特に断らない限り、捕捉分子、標識化結合分子とは、それぞれ、標的分子と結合する捕捉分子、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、標的分子と結合する標識化結合分子を意味する。
[工程(1)]
工程(1)は、検体中の標的分子と、捕捉分子と、標識化結合分子とを反応させ、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体を形成させる、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体形成工程である。
前記捕捉分子は、不溶性担体に固定化されていなくても、固定化されていてもよいが、固定化されていることが好ましい。
これらの抗体及び抗体フラグメントは、公知の方法により作製することができる。
工程(2)は、工程(1)において、標的分子10と結合しなかった標識化結合分子30を除去する工程である。工程(1)において、標的分子と結合しなかった標識化結合分子30を除去することにより、擬陽性の発生を抑制でき、正確に標的分子を検出することができる。また、工程(1)において、標的分子と結合しなかった標識化結合分子30以外にも、標的分子10以外の検体由来の成分も除去することができる。
工程(3)は、前記標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質とを反応させATPを産生させる、ATP産生工程である。
前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質としては、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素に応じて、適宜決定することができる。例えば、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、PPDKである場合は、ホスホエノールピルビン酸、ピロリン酸及びAMPが挙げられる。前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、アセチル-CoAシンテターゼ(Acetyl-CoA synthetase)である場合は、AMP、ピロリン酸及びアセチル-CoAが挙げられる。前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、ATPスルフリラーゼ(ATP-Sulfurylase)である場合は、アデノシン5’-ホスホスルフェート及びピロリン酸が挙げられる。前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素がII型ポリリン酸キナーゼである場合は、AMP及びポリリン酸が挙げられる。なお、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質と前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素との反応は、使用する酵素に応じ、マグネシウムイオン等の補因子存在下で行う。
工程(4)は、前記工程(3)で産生されたATPを増幅する、ATP増幅工程である。ATPを増幅する方法としては、特に制限はないが、ATPを増幅する試薬を用いる方法が好ましい。ATPを増幅する試薬としては、ATPを増幅する酵素とその基質が挙げられる。ATPを増幅する酵素とその基質とを用いる場合は、ATPを増幅する試薬には、その酵素反応に必要な補因子を含む。ATPを増幅する酵素としては、例えば、アデニル酸キナーゼ(以下、AKとも称する)とピルビン酸キナーゼ(以下、PKとも称する)の組み合わせ、AKとポリリン酸キナーゼの組み合わせ、AKとクレアチンキナーゼの組み合わせ、AKと酢酸キナーゼとの組み合わせ等が挙げられるが、AKとPKの組み合わせが好ましい。
工程(5)は、前記工程(4)で増幅したATPを検出する、ATP検出工程である。ATPを検出する方法としては、特に制限はないが、ATPを検出する試薬を用いる方法が好ましい。ATPを検出する試薬としては、ATPと反応して色素や発光を生じさせる酵素とその基質やATPと反応して過酸化水素を産生する酵素とその基質等が挙げられる。
ATPを検出する酵素としてルシフェラーゼを用い、工程(4)で増幅したATPと、D-ルシフェリンとにより発光が発生する反応式を下記に示す。
検体が検体添加部50からカートリッジに添加される。図6では、検体としてウィルスを含む唾液を例として示している。
検体と、第1試薬収容部51に収容されているPPDK標識化VHH抗体(試薬1)がローラー57により送液され、検体とPPDK標識化VHH抗体とが混合される。PPDK標識化VHH抗体は検体中のウィルスと複合体を形成する。
ウィルス・PPDK標識化VHH抗体複合体は、不溶性担体40に固定化された捕捉分子20であるDNAアプタマーに捕捉され、ウィルス・PPDK標識化VHH抗体・DNAアプタマー複合体が形成される。
(4)洗浄
ローラー57で洗浄液収容部58に収容されている洗浄液を送液し、混合/反応部54に収容されているCOP上に形成されているウィルス・PPDK標識化VHH抗体・DNAアプタマー複合体を洗浄する。洗浄は複数回行う。この洗浄により、検体中のATPやウィルスと結合しなかったPPDK標識化VHH抗体が除去される。
第2試薬収容部52に収容されているホスホエノールピルビン酸、ピロリン酸(PPi)、AMP、AK、PK及びルシフェラーゼ(Luc)を含む試薬2をローラー57で混合/反応部54に送液する。
試薬2とCOP上に形成されているウィルス・PPDK標識化VHH抗体・DNAアプタマーとが反応し、ATPの産生とATPの増幅が生じる。反応が十分に進むまで静置する。
混合/反応部54にATPを検出する酵素であるルシフェラーゼの基質であるD-ルシフェリンを添加する。D-ルシフェリンを添加すると、試薬2中のルシフェラーゼと、増幅したATPと、D-ルシフェリンが反応し、発光シグナルが発生する。
(7)で発生した発光シグナルを光電子増倍管(PMT)、電荷結合素子(CCD)、CMOS等の検出器を用いて測定する。発光シグナルが予め設定した閾値より高い場合、検体(唾液)中にウィルスが存在すると判定することができる。発光シグナルが予め設定した閾値より低い場合、検体(唾液)中にウィルスが存在しないと判定される。
本実施形態の標的分子を検出するキットは、本実施形態の標的分子を検出する方法に用いられるキットであって、捕捉分子、標識化結合分子、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質、ATPを増幅する試薬、及びATPを検出する試薬を含む。
まず、第1試薬収容部51に収容されている試薬1をローラー57により流路53に送液し、検体と混合して、標的分子・標識化結合分子複合体を形成し、混合/反応部54に供給する。混合/反応部54に供給された標的分子・標識化結合分子複合体は、混合/反応部54に収容されている不溶性担体40に固定化されている捕捉分子20に捕捉され、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体が不溶性担体40上に形成される。
ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素を単独で使用した場合と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素とATPを増幅する試薬とを組み合わせて使用した場合のシグナル強度を比較した。ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素としては、PPDKを用いた。ATPを増幅する酵素としては、AK及びPKを用いた。ATPを検出する試薬としては、甲虫ルシフェラーゼと、その基質を用いた。以下に本実施例で用いた試薬を示す。
・アデニル酸キナーゼ(AK、Sigma社製)
・ピルビン酸キナーゼ(PK、Sigma社製)
・甲虫ルシフェラーゼ(Luc、Sigma社製)
・AMP(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
・ピロリン酸(PPi、富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
・D-ルシフェリン(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
・ホスホエノールピルビン酸(PEP、富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
・ATP(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
・MgCl2(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
PPDKで標識した抗BSA-ラクダ科動物抗体の重鎖可変領域抗体(以下、PPDK標識抗BSA-VHH抗体とも称する)を用いて、BSAの検出を行い、PPDK標識抗BSA-VHH抗体を単独で使用した場合と、PPDK標識抗BSA-VHH抗体とATPを増幅する試薬を組み合わせて使用した場合のシグナル強度を比較した。ATPを増幅する酵素としてはAK及びPKを用いた。BSAの検出する試薬としては、甲虫ルシフェラーゼと、その基質を用いた。以下に本実施例で用いた試薬を示す。
・ビオチン標識抗BSA抗体(ITEA社製)
・アデニル酸キナーゼ(AK、ニプロ社製)
・ピルビン酸キナーゼ(PK、ニプロ社製)
・甲虫ルシフェラーゼ(Luc、Sigma社製)
・AMP(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
・ピロリン酸(PPi、富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
・D-ルシフェリン(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
・ホスホエノールピルビン酸(PEP、富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
・MgCl2(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)
(1)プレートの準備
Nunc Immobilizer Streptavidin F96 Blackプレート(Thermo社製)をプレートウォッシャーWellwash Versa(Thermo社製)を用いて、300μlのPBSで3回洗浄した。次に、1μg/mlに調製したビオチン標識抗BSA抗体を各ウェルに100μlずつ添加し、室温で1時間インキュベートした。各ウェル内のビオチン標識抗BSA抗体溶液を除去した後、プレートウォッシャーを用いて、300μlのPBSで3回洗浄した。
1μg/mlのBSA溶液を各ウェルに50μlずつ添加し(N=3)、室温で1時間インキュベートした。また、PBS(コントロール)も同様に各ウェルに50μlずつ(N=3)添加した。各ウェルからBSA溶液又はPBSを除去した後、各ウェルを300μlのPBSで3回洗浄した。次に、PBSで1μg/mlに希釈したPPDK標識抗BSA-VHH抗体溶液を各ウェルに50μlずつ添加し、室温で1時間インキュベートした。各ウェルからPPDK標識抗BSA-VHH抗体溶液を除去した後、プレートウォッシャーを用いて、各ウェルを300μlのPBSで4回洗浄した。
各ウェルに終濃度10μg/mlに調製したAKを5μlずつ添加した後、終濃度10μg/mlに調製したPK酵素液を10μlずつ添加した。次に、各ウェルにPBSを10μlずつ添加した後、試薬A(1mM PPi、1mM PEP、1mM AMP、10mM MgCl2を含むPBS)を8連ピペッターで25μlずつ添加した。
20 捕捉分子
30 標識化結合分子
40 不溶性担体
50 検体添加部
51 第1試薬収容部
52 第2試薬収容部
53 流路
54 混合/反応部
55 検出部
56 廃液収容部
57 ローラー
58 洗浄液収容部
Claims (23)
- 工程(1):検体中の標的分子と、前記標的分子と結合する捕捉分子と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、前記標的分子と結合する標識化結合分子とを反応させ、前記標的分子と前記標識化結合分子と前記捕捉分子とからなる複合体(以下、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体と称する)を形成させる、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体形成工程と、
工程(2):前記工程(1)において、標的分子と結合しなかった前記標識化結合分子を除去する工程と、
工程(3):前記標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体と、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質とを反応させATPを産生させる、ATP産生工程と、
工程(4):前記工程(3)で産生されたATPを増幅する、ATP増幅工程と、
工程(5):前記工程(4)で増幅したATPを検出する、ATP検出工程と、
を含む、検体中の標的分子の検出方法。 - 前記工程(1)において、標的分子・標識化結合分子・捕捉分子複合体を形成させる前に、予め、検体中のATPを除去する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の検出方法。
- 前記捕捉分子が、標的分子と特異的に結合する、抗体若しくは抗体フラグメント、又はアプタマーである、請求項1又は2に記載の検出方法。
- 前記標識化結合分子が、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、標的分子と特異的に結合する、抗体若しくは抗体フラグメント、又はアプタマーである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、ピルビン酸リン酸ジキナーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、ホスホエノールピルビン酸、ピロリン酸及びAMPである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、アセチル-CoAシンテターゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、AMP、ピロリン酸、及びアセチル-CoAである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、ATPスルフリラーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、アデノシン5’-ホスホスルフェート及びピロリン酸である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、II型ポリリン酸キナーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、AMP及びポリリン酸である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 前記工程(4)において、ATPの増幅を、アデニル酸キナーゼとピルビン酸キナーゼとを用いることにより行う、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 前記工程(4)において、ATPの増幅を、アデニル酸キナーゼとポリリン酸キナーゼとを用いることにより行う、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 前記工程(4)において、ATPの増幅を、アデニル酸キナーゼと酢酸キナーゼとを用いることにより行う、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 前記工程(5)において、ATPの検出を、ルシフェラーゼを用いることにより行う、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 標的分子と結合する捕捉分子が固定化された不溶性担体と、
ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、前記標的分子と結合する標識化結合分子と、
ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質と、
ATPを増幅する試薬と、
ATPを検出する試薬と、
を含む、検体中の標的分子検出キット。 - 前記捕捉分子が、標的分子と特異的に結合する、抗体若しくは抗体フラグメント、又はアプタマーである、請求項13に記載の検出キット。
- 前記標識化結合分子が、ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素で標識された、標的分子と特異的に結合する、抗体若しくは抗体フラグメント、又はアプタマーである、請求項13又は14に記載の検出キット。
- 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、ピルビン酸リン酸ジキナーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、ホスホエノールピルビン酸、ピロリン酸及びAMPである、請求項13~15のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
- 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、アセチル-CoAシンテターゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、AMP、ピロリン酸及びアセチル-CoAである、請求項13~15のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
- 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、ATPスルフリラーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、アデノシン5’-ホスホスルフェート及びピロリン酸である、請求項13~15のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
- 前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素が、II型ポリリン酸キナーゼであって、前記ATPを産生する反応を触媒する酵素の基質が、AMP及びポリリン酸である、請求項13~15のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
- 前記ATPを増幅する試薬が、AMP、ホスホエノールピルビン酸、マグネシウムイオン、アデニル酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸キナーゼである、請求項13~19のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
- 前記ATPを増幅する試薬が、AMP、ポリリン酸、マグネシウムイオン、アデニル酸キナーゼ及びポリリン酸キナーゼである、請求項13~19のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
- 前記ATPを増幅する試薬が、AMP、アセチルリン酸、マグネシウムイオン、アデニル酸キナーゼ及び酢酸キナーゼである、請求項13~19のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
- 前記ATPを検出する試薬が、D-ルシフェリン及びルシフェラーゼである、請求項13~22のいずれか一項に記載の検出キット。
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