WO2021179395A1 - Salt solution-based performance-enhanced water voltaic power generator, manufacturing method therefor, and application thereof - Google Patents

Salt solution-based performance-enhanced water voltaic power generator, manufacturing method therefor, and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021179395A1
WO2021179395A1 PCT/CN2020/084825 CN2020084825W WO2021179395A1 WO 2021179395 A1 WO2021179395 A1 WO 2021179395A1 CN 2020084825 W CN2020084825 W CN 2020084825W WO 2021179395 A1 WO2021179395 A1 WO 2021179395A1
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nano
salt solution
conductive
material layer
hydroelectric generator
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PCT/CN2020/084825
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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张珽
李连辉
郝明明
王书琪
白元元
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中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所
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Publication of WO2021179395A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021179395A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04—Friction generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hydrovoltaic power generation, in particular to a hydrovoltaic generator with enhanced salt solution performance, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • hydrovoltaic power generation technology The use of environmental heat in the process of water cycle to build a mobile electric potential to capture environmental energy is an emerging environmental energy capture technology in recent years, which is called hydrovoltaic power generation technology.
  • This technology can work as long as it is in a room temperature environment with water, and can achieve long-term continuous power generation.
  • this hydroelectric generator based on flowing potential cannot work normally in a salt solution environment, so how to develop a stable operation in high-salinity seawater, acid, alkali, industrial wastewater and other environments
  • Hydrovoltaic generator is a very important technical subject in the field of hydrovoltaic power generation.
  • the present invention provides a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance and its preparation method and application.
  • the hydroelectric generator can utilize all water systems, including pure water and all with salinity.
  • the aqueous solution is used to generate electricity, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing technology.
  • a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance comprising a functionalized film with a nano-conductive material layer and an upper electrode and a lower electrode which are respectively arranged at both ends of the length direction of the functionalized film and do not intersect.
  • the thin film includes a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region located at both ends of the length direction of the nano conductive material layer, a conductive network formed of nano conductive materials is formed in both the hydrophobic region and the hydrophilic region, and the upper
  • the electrode and the lower electrode are respectively arranged in the hydrophobic area and the hydrophilic area and are connected to the conductive network of the corresponding area; the part of the hydrophilic area where the lower electrode is arranged is always immersed in the aqueous solution, the The part of the hydrophobic area where the upper electrode is provided is always exposed to the surface of the aqueous solution.
  • the solute concentration gradient constructed in the hydrophilic area during the vaporization of the water in the area between the upper electrode and the lower electrode makes the gap between the two electrode
  • the conductive network includes a micro-scale and/or nano-scale non-planar structure located inside and/or on the surface of the nano-conductive material layer.
  • the shape of the non-planar structure includes any one or a combination of at least two of a microporous shape, a tubular channel, and a groove structure.
  • the material of the nano conductive material layer is selected from at least one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanowires, conductive polymer materials, and conductive two-dimensional materials.
  • the functionalized film further includes an electrically insulating substrate material layer, and the nano-conductive material layer is formed on one surface of the substrate material layer.
  • the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer is 0.01-100 ⁇ m, and/or the sheet resistance of the functionalized film is 0.01-30,000 kiloohms.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance, which includes the following steps:
  • the functionalized slurry including a solvent and nano conductive materials uniformly dispersed in the solvent;
  • a lower electrode and an upper electrode are respectively formed on one end of the functionalized film after the hydrophilization treatment and the other end of the non-hydrophilization treatment.
  • the functionalized slurry is prepared by fully dispersing the nano conductive material in an organic solvent, and the solvent includes ethanol, water, cyclohexane, n-hexane, acetone, and toluene. Any one or a combination of two or more of benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
  • the thickness of the functionalized paste is 0.01-100 ⁇ m, and/or the sheet resistance of the functionalized film is 0.01-30000 kiloohms.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a use of the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance in a wearable sweat power generation system.
  • the advantages of the present invention include:
  • the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance uses conductive materials with micro-nano structures that are simple to prepare, have a wide application range, good stability, and are easy to prepare in a large area, and can obtain good electricity generation performance and achieve For the purpose of obtaining energy directly from environmental water without any requirement for water and no special conditions from the outside, it can be used as a power source to supply power to various electronic/electrical equipment, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology.
  • the hydroelectric generator preparation method provided by the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, low requirements for substrate materials, cleanliness, low cost, and wide application. It can construct a DC power supply system through series and parallel circuit design to obtain high quality energy.
  • the sweat power generation system based on the hydrovoltaic generator provided by the present invention provides an innovative, easy-to-implement, and effective wearable power generation technology. Compared with the prior art, the power generation is more stable and the output performance is higher.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 1b is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2a is an SEM image of a surface morphology of a functionalized film of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2b is another SEM image of the surface morphology of the hydroelectric generator film with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a data chart showing the power generation performance characterization data of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation curve of the width of the functionalized film of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to the open circuit voltage and the short circuit current according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is an embodiment of the present invention provides a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance when the nano conductive layer is oxygen plasma treated carbon black (OCB) and untreated carbon black (CB), in different The open circuit voltage change curve of the hydroelectric generator after stable operation in the solution;
  • OBC oxygen plasma treated carbon black
  • CB untreated carbon black
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a flexible wearable sweat power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of electrical signals generated by a flexible wearable sweat power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the inventor of this case has been able to propose the technical scheme of the present invention through long-term research and extensive practice.
  • the main idea is to construct a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance to realize the direct use of the most abundant water in the environment.
  • the system includes groundwater, seawater, various salt solutions, industrial wastewater, acid, lye, etc. to generate electricity. It is the cleanest, most resource-rich, cheapest, stable, and environmentally-influenced electricity generation technology. It is a solution for the future. Energy and environmental issues provide a solution, which is of great significance.
  • the technical solution, its implementation process and principles will be further explained as follows.
  • this embodiment provides a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance, which includes a functionalized film 1 and disjoint upper electrodes 2 respectively disposed at both ends of the functionalized film 1 in the length direction. And the lower electrode 3, wherein the functionalized film 1 has a nano-conductive material layer 11, and the functionalized film 1 includes a hydrophobic area 1a and a hydrophilic area 1b located at both ends of its length direction, and the nano-conductive material layer 11 is in the hydrophobic area 1a.
  • Both the hydrophilic region 1b and the hydrophilic region 1b are formed with a conductive network 110 formed of nano-conductive materials, and the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 are respectively arranged in the hydrophobic region 1a and the hydrophilic region 1b and are connected to the conductive network 110 of the corresponding region.
  • the part of the hydrophilic area 1b with the lower electrode 3 is always immersed in the aqueous solution
  • the part of the hydrophobic area 1a with the upper electrode 2 is always exposed to the surface of the aqueous solution
  • the conductive network of the lower electrode 3 and the hydrophilic area 1b are turned on in turn, and the solute concentration gradient constructed in the hydrophilic region during the vaporization of the water in the region between the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 causes the concentration difference diffusion potential between the two electrodes to be formed .
  • the conductive network 110 includes a micro-scale and/or nano-scale non-planar structure located inside and/or on the surface of the nano-conductive material layer 11, and the shape of the non-planar structure includes any one of structures such as micropores, tubular channels, and grooves.
  • One or a combination of at least two, for example, can be a groove-like structure on the surface, a tubular structure penetrating the inside, or a microporous structure on the surface of the film, but it is not limited to this.
  • the micro-scale and/or nano-scale non-planar structure includes a plurality of micro-scale and/or nano-scale holes formed by randomly arranged nano-conductive materials, and the apertures of the micro-scale and/or nano-scale holes It is 1 ⁇ 20000nm.
  • the material of the nano conductive material layer 11 is selected from at least one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanowires, conductive polymer materials, conductive two-dimensional materials, etc., but is not limited thereto. And preferably carbon black.
  • the functionalized film 1 further includes an electrically insulating base material layer 12, and the nano-conductive material layer 11 is formed on one surface of the base material layer 12.
  • the backing material layer 12 may include flexible or/and rigid materials, and the requirements for materials are relatively low.
  • the substrate material may include paper, cloth, silk, polymer materials (polydimethylsiloxane), polyimide, polyethylene, etc., natural fibers, wood, glass and other insulators or materials with high impedance. It is not limited to this, and it is preferably cloth, such as nylon cloth.
  • the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer 11 is 0.01-100 ⁇ m, and the sheet resistance of the functionalized film 1 is 0.01-30,000 kiloohms.
  • the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance includes a nano-conductive material layer 11 with micro-nano channels and a substrate material layer 12, wherein the nano-conductive material layer 11 is made of conductive carbon black.
  • the base material layer 12 is selected from paper, cloth, silk, polymer materials (polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polyethylene, etc.), natural fibers, wood, glass and other insulators or materials with high impedance.
  • the material of the nano-conductive material layer 11 is selected from conductive carbon black
  • the material of the substrate material layer 12 is cellulose fiber cloth.
  • the surface of the nano conductive material layer 11 has a micro and/or nano multi-level composite structure, and the micro and/or nano multi-level composite structure includes a non-planar micro structure and a nano structure.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show the SEM images of the surface morphology of the hydroelectric generator. From Figures 2a and 2b, it can be clearly seen that the non-planar microstructure includes a large number of microchannels, and the nanostructure includes carbon black particles arranged in disorder.
  • the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer 11 of the multiple nano-channels formed is 1 micron.
  • Figure 3 shows the long-term real-time monitoring curve of the open circuit voltage of the hydroelectric generator when seawater is used as the water source.
  • the inventor of the present case used the aforementioned process to prepare nanogenerators with different widths, and found that when the width of the nanogenerator changes, the open circuit voltage does not change, but the short-circuit current increases as the width increases. , Please refer to Figure 4 for the corresponding change data.
  • the inventor of the present case used the various polymer materials listed above to make hydrovoltaic generators with different resistances, and found that when the resistance is greater than 1 kiloohm, the short-circuit current of the generator decreases. The power generation formed when the resistance is greater than 1 megohm is already unable to produce electricity well.
  • the inventor of the present case has conducted a detailed study on the necessity of surface area hydrophilization treatment, and found that when the functionalized film is not subjected to hydrophilization treatment, the hydroelectric generator cannot generate electrical signals well.
  • the hydroelectric generator can continuously and stably generate a larger voltage.
  • the hydrophilic treatment area and the non-hydrophilic treatment area are respectively located at the two ends of the film and are connected to each other. The sum of the areas of the two is the total area of the functionalized film, and the hydrophilic treatment area accounts for the majority.
  • the hydroelectric generator provided according to the embodiments of the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, low substrate requirements, cleanliness, low cost, and wide application. It adopts simple preparation, wide application range, and stability.
  • a conductive material with a micro-nano structure that is good and easy to prepare in a large area can obtain good electricity generation performance, and achieve direct energy acquisition from environmental water without any requirements for water and no special conditions from the outside. It can be used as a power source It supplies power to various electronic/electrical equipment, and is more stable, clean, less disturbed by environmental restrictions, and can be used for a long time.
  • this embodiment provides a method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance, which includes the following steps:
  • S01 Provide a functionalized slurry, which includes a solvent and nano conductive materials uniformly dispersed in the solvent.
  • the functionalized slurry is prepared by fully dispersing the nano conductive material in the solvent.
  • the dispersion method includes ultrasonic dispersion.
  • the solvent is preferably an organic solvent, including any one or two of ethanol, water, cyclohexane, n-hexane, acetone, toluene, benzene, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. The combination of the above, but not limited to this, in particular, ethanol is used.
  • At least the functionalized slurry is applied to the substrate material layer 12 by dip coating to form a conductive film: the nano conductive material layer 11.
  • the thickness of the functionalized paste is 0.01-100 ⁇ m
  • the sheet resistance of the functionalized film 1 is 0.01-30000 kiloohms.
  • other structures may or may not be distributed on the surface of the substrate material layer 12.
  • Hydrophilizing one end of the conductive film can be to process a continuous area. Only the end of the conductive film used to be placed in the solution is hydrophilized, and the other end exposed to the air is not treated. Or it can be hydrophobized, the hydrophilized area can be connected with the hydrophobized area, and the two areas cover the surface area of the conductive film together.
  • the hydrophilization treatment step includes at least modifying the obtained conductive film with polar functional groups.
  • the modification method may include any one or a combination of two or more of the solution method, oxygen plasma treatment, ozone/ultraviolet treatment, etc., but is not limited thereto, and it is particularly preferable to use oxygen plasma treatment.
  • the polar functional group referred to here includes carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group, etc., but is not limited thereto.
  • the lower electrode 3 and the upper electrode 2 are respectively formed on one end of the functionalized film 1 after the hydrophilization treatment and the other end that is not hydrophilized.
  • the hydrophilic area for immersion in the solution and the hydrophobic area exposed to the air of the functionalized film 1 are respectively bonded with a layer of electrode material using silver paste. After curing and other processes, the corresponding lower electrode 3 and upper electrode 3 can be formed. Electrode 2.
  • preparation method of the hydroelectric generator of this embodiment may specifically include the following steps:
  • nano conductive materials such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanowires, conductive polymer materials, conductive two-dimensional Materials, etc.
  • ultrasonic dispersion to ensure that the nano conductive materials do not agglomerate.
  • the functionalized slurry prepared above is applied to the substrate material layer 12 (paper, cloth, silk, polymer materials (polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polyethylene, etc.), natural fiber , Wood, glass and other insulators or materials with large impedance) construct a nano-conductive material layer 11 to form a functionalized film 1.
  • the substrate material layer 12 paper, cloth, silk, polymer materials (polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polyethylene, etc.), natural fiber , Wood, glass and other insulators or materials with large impedance) construct a nano-conductive material layer 11 to form a functionalized film 1.
  • the functionalized film 1 prepared above is subjected to surface hydrophilic treatment, and the surface treatment is performed by oxygen plasma treatment for 1 minute to obtain a partially hydrophilic functionalized film 1.
  • the inventor of this case used the various materials listed above to make functionalized films 1 with different resistance values, and found that when the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer 11 of the functionalized film 1 is more than 0.1 ⁇ m , When the resistance is less than 1 megohm, it can have a good electricity generation effect. In other words, if the thickness is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the film surface cannot effectively form micron or/and nanochannels, so it cannot have a good capillary function. The concentration gradient of the solute cannot be formed quickly.
  • the preparation method of the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance of the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, low substrate requirements, wide application and the like.
  • the invention also provides the use of the aforementioned hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance to generate electricity using environmental water.
  • the electric signal generated by the hydroelectric generator is continuous direct current, which is used to drive the direct current power supply equipment.
  • the environmental water mentioned here includes water systems such as underground fresh water, river water, sea water, industrial wastewater, deionized water, and various salt solutions.
  • the present invention also provides a DC power supply system, which includes the aforementioned hydroelectric generator and an electrode that electrically connects the hydroelectric generator.
  • this embodiment provides a wearable sweat power generation system, with a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance as an important part of the wearable sweat power generation system.
  • DC power supply system formed by generator and energy management system.
  • the wearable sweat power generation system mainly includes a functionalized film 1, an upper electrode 2, a lower electrode 3, and an interlayer 4.
  • the functionalized film 1, an upper electrode 2, and a lower electrode 3 constitute a hydroelectric generator.
  • the membrane 1 is located on the outer surface of the barrier layer 4, the upper electrode 2, the orthographic projection of the hydrophobic area 1a is located in the barrier layer 4, and the lower electrode 3 and at least part of the hydrophilic area 1b extend outside the barrier layer 4 (the orthographic projection is located outside the barrier layer 4).
  • the barrier layer 4 is used to adhere to the surface of the human body to block sweat, so that the sweat can contact the part (lower electrode 3 and at least part of the hydrophilic region 1b) not blocked by the barrier layer 4, so that the upper
  • the solute concentration gradient constructed in the hydrophilic area during the vaporization of the water in the area between the electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 creates a concentration difference diffusion potential between the two electrodes, thereby using sweat to generate voltage.
  • the flexible wearable sweat power generation system generates The schematic diagram of the electrical signal is shown in Figure 8.
  • the material of the nano-conductive material layer 11 is selected from multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the material of the substrate material layer 12 is glass, and the nano-conductive material layer 11 is made of 50 mg multi-walled carbon nanotubes ultrasonically dispersed in 200 mL of ethanol and then prepared by a dip coating method. After that, the surface area of oxygen plasma is hydrophilized.
  • the hydroelectric generator provided by the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, low substrate requirements, cleanliness, low cost, and wide application. It adopts simple preparation, wide application range, good stability and easy
  • the conductive material with micro-nano structure prepared in a large area can obtain good electricity generation performance, and achieve direct energy acquisition from environmental water without any requirements for water and no special conditions from the outside. It can be used as a power source for various electronics /Electrical equipment is powered, and has the characteristics of being more stable, cleaner, less disturbed by environmental restrictions, and can be used for a long time.

Abstract

A salt solution-based performance-enhanced water voltaic power generator comprises a functional film (1) having a conductive nanomaterial layer and electrodes at two ends of the functional film. The functional film comprises a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region at two ends thereof. The conductive nanomaterial layer has conductive networks formed by a conductive nanomaterial in both the hydrophobic region and the hydrophilic region. An upper electrode (2) and a lower electrode (3) are provided in the hydrophobic region (1a) and the hydrophilic region (1b), respectively. A portion of the hydrophilic region provided with the lower electrode is always immersed in an aqueous solution, and a portion of the hydrophobic region provided with the upper electrode is always exposed from a surface of the aqueous solution. During an evaporation process of water in a region between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, a solute concentration gradient constructed in the hydrophilic region enables a concentration difference diffusion potential to be formed between the two electrodes. The water voltaic power generator effectively utilizes aqueous solutions having different salinities to generate power continuously, and is applicable as a power supply for supplying power to electronic/electrical devices. Further disclosed are a manufacturing method for a water voltaic power generator, and a water voltaic power generator-based integrated electricity generation system.

Description

盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机及其制备方法与应用Hydrovoltaic generator with enhanced salt solution performance, and preparation method and application thereof 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及水伏发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机及其制备方法与应用。The invention relates to the technical field of hydrovoltaic power generation, in particular to a hydrovoltaic generator with enhanced salt solution performance, and a preparation method and application thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着传统能源的消耗以及传统能源带来的环境污染问题日趋严重，寻找新型环保能源成为重要的也是摆在全人类面前的重要课题。传统的环保型新能源(如风能、水力、太阳能等)得到了广泛的发展，但是这些技术都在一定程度上受到环境以及资源的制约，并且需要昂贵的设备投入。因此，市场上依然迫切需求开发一种受到环境影响小、资源丰富、清洁、廉价的发电技术。With the consumption of traditional energy sources and the increasingly serious environmental pollution caused by traditional energy sources, the search for new environmentally friendly energy sources has become an important issue facing all mankind. Traditional environmentally friendly new energy sources (such as wind power, water power, solar energy, etc.) have been extensively developed, but these technologies are constrained by the environment and resources to a certain extent, and require expensive equipment investment. Therefore, there is still an urgent need in the market to develop a power generation technology that is less affected by the environment, rich in resources, clean, and cheap.
利用水循环过程中吸收环境热能构建流动电势来捕获环境能源是近年来一种新兴的环境能源捕获技术，被称为水伏发电技术。这种技术只要在有水的常温环境下便可以工作，可以实现长时间持续的产电。然而进一步研究表明，这种基于流动电势的水伏发电机在盐溶液环境下无法正常工作，因此如何开发出一种可以在高盐度的海水、酸、碱、工业废水等环境下稳定工作的水伏发电机是水伏发电领域很重要的技术课题。The use of environmental heat in the process of water cycle to build a mobile electric potential to capture environmental energy is an emerging environmental energy capture technology in recent years, which is called hydrovoltaic power generation technology. This technology can work as long as it is in a room temperature environment with water, and can achieve long-term continuous power generation. However, further studies have shown that this hydroelectric generator based on flowing potential cannot work normally in a salt solution environment, so how to develop a stable operation in high-salinity seawater, acid, alkali, industrial wastewater and other environments Hydrovoltaic generator is a very important technical subject in the field of hydrovoltaic power generation.
发明内容Summary of the invention
鉴于现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供了一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机及其制备方法与应用，该水伏发电机可以利用所有的水体系，包括纯水和所有具有盐度的水溶液进行发电，克服了现有技术的不足。In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance and its preparation method and application. The hydroelectric generator can utilize all water systems, including pure water and all with salinity. The aqueous solution is used to generate electricity, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing technology.
为了实现上述的目的，本发明采用了如下的技术方案：In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，包括具有纳米导电材料层的功能化薄膜和分别设置在所述功能化薄膜的长度方向的两端且不相交的上电极和下电极，所述功能化薄膜包括分别位于其长度方向的两端的疏水区域与亲水区域，所述纳米导电材料层在所述疏水区域和所述亲水区域均形成有纳米导电材料形成的导电网络，且所述上电极、所述下电极分别设于所述疏水区域、所述亲水 区域并与对应区域的导电网络导通；所述亲水区域设有所述下电极的部分始终浸没于水溶液中，所述疏水区域设有所述上电极的部分始终暴露于水溶液表面之外，所述上电极、所述下电极之间区域内的水气化过程中在亲水区域构建的溶质浓度梯度使两电极间形成浓差扩散电势。A hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance, comprising a functionalized film with a nano-conductive material layer and an upper electrode and a lower electrode which are respectively arranged at both ends of the length direction of the functionalized film and do not intersect. The thin film includes a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region located at both ends of the length direction of the nano conductive material layer, a conductive network formed of nano conductive materials is formed in both the hydrophobic region and the hydrophilic region, and the upper The electrode and the lower electrode are respectively arranged in the hydrophobic area and the hydrophilic area and are connected to the conductive network of the corresponding area; the part of the hydrophilic area where the lower electrode is arranged is always immersed in the aqueous solution, the The part of the hydrophobic area where the upper electrode is provided is always exposed to the surface of the aqueous solution. The solute concentration gradient constructed in the hydrophilic area during the vaporization of the water in the area between the upper electrode and the lower electrode makes the gap between the two electrodes A concentration diffusion potential is formed.
作为其中一种实施方式，所述导电网络包括位于所述纳米导电材料层内部和/或表面的微米级和/或纳米级的非平面结构。As one of the embodiments, the conductive network includes a micro-scale and/or nano-scale non-planar structure located inside and/or on the surface of the nano-conductive material layer.
作为其中一种实施方式，所述非平面结构的形状包括微孔状、管状通道、凹槽结构中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。As one of the embodiments, the shape of the non-planar structure includes any one or a combination of at least two of a microporous shape, a tubular channel, and a groove structure.
作为其中一种实施方式，所述纳米导电材料层的材质选自炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯、金属纳米线、导电聚合物材料、导电二维材料的至少一种。As one of the embodiments, the material of the nano conductive material layer is selected from at least one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanowires, conductive polymer materials, and conductive two-dimensional materials.
作为其中一种实施方式，所述功能化薄膜还包括电绝缘的衬底材料层，所述纳米导电材料层形成于所述衬底材料层的一个表面。As one of the embodiments, the functionalized film further includes an electrically insulating substrate material layer, and the nano-conductive material layer is formed on one surface of the substrate material layer.
作为其中一种实施方式，所述纳米导电材料层的厚度为0.01～100μm，和/或，所述功能化薄膜的方块电阻为0.01～30000千欧。As one of the embodiments, the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer is 0.01-100 μm, and/or the sheet resistance of the functionalized film is 0.01-30,000 kiloohms.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的制备方法，包括以下步骤：Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance, which includes the following steps:
提供功能化浆料，所述功能化浆料包括溶剂以及均匀分散于溶剂中的纳米导电材料；Provide a functionalized slurry, the functionalized slurry including a solvent and nano conductive materials uniformly dispersed in the solvent;
将所述功能化浆料涂覆于衬底材料层上，形成导电薄膜；Coating the functionalized slurry on the substrate material layer to form a conductive film;
将所述导电薄膜的一端进行亲水化处理，得到部分亲水化的导电的功能化薄膜；Hydrophilizing one end of the conductive film to obtain a partially hydrophilized conductive functionalized film;
在所述功能化薄膜的亲水化处理后的一端和未亲水化处理的另一端分别形成下电极和上电极。A lower electrode and an upper electrode are respectively formed on one end of the functionalized film after the hydrophilization treatment and the other end of the non-hydrophilization treatment.
作为其中一种实施方式，所述功能化浆料的制作方式为：将纳米导电材料于有机的溶剂中充分分散后获得，所述溶剂包括乙醇、水、环己烷、正己烷、丙酮、甲苯、苯、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。As one of the embodiments, the functionalized slurry is prepared by fully dispersing the nano conductive material in an organic solvent, and the solvent includes ethanol, water, cyclohexane, n-hexane, acetone, and toluene. Any one or a combination of two or more of benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
作为其中一种实施方式，所述功能化浆料的厚度为0.01～100μm，和/或，所述功能化薄膜的方块电阻为0.01～30000千欧。As one of the embodiments, the thickness of the functionalized paste is 0.01-100 μm, and/or the sheet resistance of the functionalized film is 0.01-30000 kiloohms.
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种所述盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机用于可穿戴汗液发电***的用途。Another object of the present invention is to provide a use of the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance in a wearable sweat power generation system.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点包括：Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:
1)本发明提供的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机采用了制备简单、适用范围广、稳定性好且易于大面积制备的具有微纳结构的导电材料，可获得良好的产电性能，实现了从环境水中直接获取能源的目的而对水无任何要求且不需要外界给予特殊条件，可作为电源给各种电子/电器设备供电，克服现有技术的不足。1) The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by the present invention uses conductive materials with micro-nano structures that are simple to prepare, have a wide application range, good stability, and are easy to prepare in a large area, and can obtain good electricity generation performance and achieve For the purpose of obtaining energy directly from environmental water without any requirement for water and no special conditions from the outside, it can be used as a power source to supply power to various electronic/electrical equipment, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology.
2)本发明提供的水伏发电机制备方法具有工艺简单、易于实施、对衬底材料要求低、清洁、成本低廉，应用广泛等特点，可以通过串并联等电路设计构建直流供电***，获得优质能源。2) The hydroelectric generator preparation method provided by the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, low requirements for substrate materials, cleanliness, low cost, and wide application. It can construct a DC power supply system through series and parallel circuit design to obtain high quality energy.
3)本发明提供的基于该水伏发电机的汗液发电***，提供了一种创新的、易于实施的、有效的可穿戴产电技术。与现有技术相比，发电更稳定，输出性能更高。3) The sweat power generation system based on the hydrovoltaic generator provided by the present invention provides an innovative, easy-to-implement, and effective wearable power generation technology. Compared with the prior art, the power generation is more stable and the output performance is higher.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图进行简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述的附图仅仅作为本文发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。In order to explain the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the embodiments or the drawings needed in the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative work.
图1a是本发明实施例提供的一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的结构示意图；Figure 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图1b是本发明实施例提供的一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的断面结构示意图；Figure 1b is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2a是本发明实施例提供的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的功能化薄膜的一个表面形貌SEM图；Figure 2a is an SEM image of a surface morphology of a functionalized film of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2b是本发明实施例提供的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机薄膜的另一个表面形貌SEM图；2b is another SEM image of the surface morphology of the hydroelectric generator film with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明型实施例提供的一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的产电性能表征数据图；Fig. 3 is a data chart showing the power generation performance characterization data of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的功能化薄膜的宽度对应开路电压和短路电流的变化曲线图；4 is a graph showing the variation curve of the width of the functionalized film of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to the open circuit voltage and the short circuit current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的纳米导电层分别为氧等离子体处理的炭黑(OCB)和未处理的炭黑(CB)时，在不同的溶液中稳定工作后水伏发电机的开路电压变化曲线图；Figure 5 is an embodiment of the present invention provides a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance when the nano conductive layer is oxygen plasma treated carbon black (OCB) and untreated carbon black (CB), in different The open circuit voltage change curve of the hydroelectric generator after stable operation in the solution;
图6是本发明实施例提供的一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的制备方法示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例提供的一种柔性可穿戴汗液发电***示意图；Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a flexible wearable sweat power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明实施例提供的一种柔性可穿戴汗液发电***产生的电信号示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of electrical signals generated by a flexible wearable sweat power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图中标号说明如下：The label description in the figure is as follows:
1-功能化薄膜；1-Functional film;
2-上电极；2- Upper electrode;
3-下电极；3- lower electrode;
4-隔层；4-compartment;
11-纳米导电材料层；11-Nano conductive material layer;
12-衬底材料层；12-Substrate material layer;
110-导电网络；110-conductive network;
1a-疏水区域；1a-Hydrophobic area;
1b-亲水区域。1b-Hydrophilic area.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not used to limit the present invention.
鉴于现有技术的缺陷，本案的发明人经长期研究和大量实践，得以提出本发明的技术方案，主要思想是构建盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，实现直接利用环境中资源最丰富的水体系包括地下水、海水、各种盐溶液、工业废水、酸 液、碱液等进行发电，是一种最清洁、资源最丰富、最廉价、稳定、受环境影响小的产电技术，对未来解决能源与环境问题提供了一种解决方案，意义十分重大。如下将对该技术方案、其实施过程及原理等作进一步的解释说明。In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventor of this case has been able to propose the technical scheme of the present invention through long-term research and extensive practice. The main idea is to construct a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance to realize the direct use of the most abundant water in the environment. The system includes groundwater, seawater, various salt solutions, industrial wastewater, acid, lye, etc. to generate electricity. It is the cleanest, most resource-rich, cheapest, stable, and environmentally-influenced electricity generation technology. It is a solution for the future. Energy and environmental issues provide a solution, which is of great significance. The technical solution, its implementation process and principles will be further explained as follows.
实施例1Example 1
参阅图1和图2，本实施例提供了一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，包括功能化薄膜1和分别设置在功能化薄膜1的长度方向的两端且不相交的上电极2和下电极3，其中，功能化薄膜1具有纳米导电材料层11，该功能化薄膜1包括分别位于其长度方向的两端的疏水区域1a与亲水区域1b，纳米导电材料层11在疏水区域1a和亲水区域1b均形成有纳米导电材料形成的导电网络110，且上电极2、下电极3分别设于疏水区域1a、亲水区域1b并与对应区域的导电网络110导通。在使用时，亲水区域1b设有下电极3的部分始终浸没于水溶液中，疏水区域1a设有上电极2的部分始终暴露于水溶液表面之外，下电极3、亲水区域1b的导电网络、疏水区域1a的导电网络、上电极2依次导通，上电极2、下电极3之间区域内的水气化过程中在亲水区域构建的溶质浓度梯度使两电极间形成浓差扩散电势。1 and 2, this embodiment provides a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance, which includes a functionalized film 1 and disjoint upper electrodes 2 respectively disposed at both ends of the functionalized film 1 in the length direction. And the lower electrode 3, wherein the functionalized film 1 has a nano-conductive material layer 11, and the functionalized film 1 includes a hydrophobic area 1a and a hydrophilic area 1b located at both ends of its length direction, and the nano-conductive material layer 11 is in the hydrophobic area 1a. Both the hydrophilic region 1b and the hydrophilic region 1b are formed with a conductive network 110 formed of nano-conductive materials, and the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 are respectively arranged in the hydrophobic region 1a and the hydrophilic region 1b and are connected to the conductive network 110 of the corresponding region. In use, the part of the hydrophilic area 1b with the lower electrode 3 is always immersed in the aqueous solution, the part of the hydrophobic area 1a with the upper electrode 2 is always exposed to the surface of the aqueous solution, and the conductive network of the lower electrode 3 and the hydrophilic area 1b , The conductive network of the hydrophobic region 1a and the upper electrode 2 are turned on in turn, and the solute concentration gradient constructed in the hydrophilic region during the vaporization of the water in the region between the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 causes the concentration difference diffusion potential between the two electrodes to be formed .
导电网络110包括位于纳米导电材料层11内部和/或表面的微米级和/或纳米级的非平面结构，该非平面结构的形状包括微孔状、管状通道、凹槽等结构中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，例如，可以是表面的槽状结构，也可以是内部贯穿的管状结构，也可以是薄膜表面的微孔状结构，但不限于此。这里，该微米级和/或纳米级的非平面结构包括由无序排布的纳米导电材料形成的复数个微米级和/或纳米级的孔，该微米级和/或纳米级的孔的孔径为1～20000nm。The conductive network 110 includes a micro-scale and/or nano-scale non-planar structure located inside and/or on the surface of the nano-conductive material layer 11, and the shape of the non-planar structure includes any one of structures such as micropores, tubular channels, and grooves. One or a combination of at least two, for example, can be a groove-like structure on the surface, a tubular structure penetrating the inside, or a microporous structure on the surface of the film, but it is not limited to this. Here, the micro-scale and/or nano-scale non-planar structure includes a plurality of micro-scale and/or nano-scale holes formed by randomly arranged nano-conductive materials, and the apertures of the micro-scale and/or nano-scale holes It is 1～20000nm.
在一种实施方式中，纳米导电材料层11的材质选自炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯、金属纳米线、导电聚合物材料、导电二维材料等的至少一种，但不限于此，且最好为炭黑。In an embodiment, the material of the nano conductive material layer 11 is selected from at least one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanowires, conductive polymer materials, conductive two-dimensional materials, etc., but is not limited thereto. And preferably carbon black.
另外，功能化薄膜1还包括电绝缘的衬底材料层12，纳米导电材料层11形成于衬底材料层12的一个表面。衬底材料层12可以包含柔性或/和刚性材料，对于材料的要求比较低。例如，衬底材料可以包括纸张、布料、丝绸、高分子材料(聚二甲基硅氧烷)、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯等、天然纤维、木头、玻璃等绝缘体或阻抗较大材料，但不限于此，且最好为布料，如尼龙布。In addition, the functionalized film 1 further includes an electrically insulating base material layer 12, and the nano-conductive material layer 11 is formed on one surface of the base material layer 12. The backing material layer 12 may include flexible or/and rigid materials, and the requirements for materials are relatively low. For example, the substrate material may include paper, cloth, silk, polymer materials (polydimethylsiloxane), polyimide, polyethylene, etc., natural fibers, wood, glass and other insulators or materials with high impedance. It is not limited to this, and it is preferably cloth, such as nylon cloth.
在一种实施方式中，纳米导电材料层11的厚度为0.01～100μm，功能化薄膜1的方块电阻为0.01～30000千欧。In one embodiment, the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer 11 is 0.01-100 μm, and the sheet resistance of the functionalized film 1 is 0.01-30,000 kiloohms.
在一种具体的实施例中，该盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机包括有微纳通道的纳米导电材料层11和衬底材料层12，其中，纳米导电材料层11采用导电炭黑，衬底材料层12选自纸张、布料、丝绸、高分子材料(聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯等)、天然纤维、木头、玻璃等绝缘体或阻抗较大材料。在本实施例中所述纳米导电材料层11的材料选自导电炭黑，衬底材料层12的材料为纤维素纤维布。纳米导电材料层11表面具有微米和/或纳米多级复合结构，微米和/或纳米多级复合结构包括非平面微米结构以及纳米结构。图2a和图2b示出了该水伏发电机的表面形貌SEM图，由图2a和图2b可以清晰看到非平面微米结构包括大量微米孔道，纳米结构包括由无序排列的炭黑颗粒形成的多个纳米通道，其纳米导电材料层11的厚度为1微米。In a specific embodiment, the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance includes a nano-conductive material layer 11 with micro-nano channels and a substrate material layer 12, wherein the nano-conductive material layer 11 is made of conductive carbon black. The base material layer 12 is selected from paper, cloth, silk, polymer materials (polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polyethylene, etc.), natural fibers, wood, glass and other insulators or materials with high impedance. In this embodiment, the material of the nano-conductive material layer 11 is selected from conductive carbon black, and the material of the substrate material layer 12 is cellulose fiber cloth. The surface of the nano conductive material layer 11 has a micro and/or nano multi-level composite structure, and the micro and/or nano multi-level composite structure includes a non-planar micro structure and a nano structure. Figures 2a and 2b show the SEM images of the surface morphology of the hydroelectric generator. From Figures 2a and 2b, it can be clearly seen that the non-planar microstructure includes a large number of microchannels, and the nanostructure includes carbon black particles arranged in disorder. The thickness of the nano-conductive material layer 11 of the multiple nano-channels formed is 1 micron.
图3为该水伏发电机在以海水为水源时的开路电压的长时间实时监测曲线。通过设计微米纳米多级复合结构，可以使得该水伏发电机具有良好的产电性能。Figure 3 shows the long-term real-time monitoring curve of the open circuit voltage of the hydroelectric generator when seawater is used as the water source. By designing a micron and nanometer multi-level composite structure, the hydroelectric generator can have good power generation performance.
进一步地，本案发明人采用前述工艺制备了具有不同宽度的纳米发电机，并且发现，当纳米发电机宽度发生变化时，开路电压并不会发生变化，但是短路电流会随着宽度增加而增大，其对应变化数据请参阅图4。Further, the inventor of the present case used the aforementioned process to prepare nanogenerators with different widths, and found that when the width of the nanogenerator changes, the open circuit voltage does not change, but the short-circuit current increases as the width increases. , Please refer to Figure 4 for the corresponding change data.
在前述工艺中，本案发明人采用前文列出的各种高分子材料分别制成了电阻不同的水伏发电机，并且发现，当电阻大于1千欧时，发电机的短路电流减小，当电阻大于1兆欧时形成的发电已然无法很好的产电。In the aforementioned process, the inventor of the present case used the various polymer materials listed above to make hydrovoltaic generators with different resistances, and found that when the resistance is greater than 1 kiloohm, the short-circuit current of the generator decreases. The power generation formed when the resistance is greater than 1 megohm is already unable to produce electricity well.
在本实施例中，本案发明人对表面区域化亲水处理的必要性进行了详细研究，并发现当功能化薄膜未进行亲水处理时，水伏发电机无法很好地产生电信号。In this embodiment, the inventor of the present case has conducted a detailed study on the necessity of surface area hydrophilization treatment, and found that when the functionalized film is not subjected to hydrophilization treatment, the hydroelectric generator cannot generate electrical signals well.
作为鲜明对比，当用氧等离子体进行一分钟的区域化亲水处理时，该水伏发电机可以持续稳定地产生较大的电压，其对应变化数据请参阅图5。这里，亲水处理的区域与未亲水处理的区域分别位于薄膜的两端且相互连接，二者的面积之和即为功能化薄膜的总面积，且亲水处理的区域占大部分。In sharp contrast, when oxygen plasma is used for a one-minute regionalized hydrophilic treatment, the hydroelectric generator can continuously and stably generate a larger voltage. Please refer to Figure 5 for the corresponding change data. Here, the hydrophilic treatment area and the non-hydrophilic treatment area are respectively located at the two ends of the film and are connected to each other. The sum of the areas of the two is the total area of the functionalized film, and the hydrophilic treatment area accounts for the majority.
综上所述，根据本发明实施例提供的水伏发电机具有工艺简单、易于实施、对衬底要求低、清洁，成本低廉，应用广泛等特点，采用了制备简单，适用范围广，稳定性好且易于大面积制备的具有微纳结构的导电材料，可获得良好的产电性能，实现了直接从环境水中直接获取能源而对水无任何要求且不需要外界给与特殊条件，可作为电源给各种电子/电器设备供电，并且具有更稳定、清洁、受环境限制扰小、可以长期使用的特点。In summary, the hydroelectric generator provided according to the embodiments of the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, low substrate requirements, cleanliness, low cost, and wide application. It adopts simple preparation, wide application range, and stability. A conductive material with a micro-nano structure that is good and easy to prepare in a large area, can obtain good electricity generation performance, and achieve direct energy acquisition from environmental water without any requirements for water and no special conditions from the outside. It can be used as a power source It supplies power to various electronic/electrical equipment, and is more stable, clean, less disturbed by environmental restrictions, and can be used for a long time.
实施例2Example 2
如图6所示，本实施例提供了一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的制备方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 6, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance, which includes the following steps:
S01、提供功能化浆料，功能化浆料包括溶剂以及均匀分散于溶剂中的纳米导电材料。S01. Provide a functionalized slurry, which includes a solvent and nano conductive materials uniformly dispersed in the solvent.
作为其中一种实施方式，功能化浆料的制作方式为：将纳米导电材料于溶剂中充分分散后获得。该分散方法包括超声分散，该溶剂最好是有机溶剂，包括乙醇、水、环己烷、正己烷、丙酮、甲苯、苯、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳等中的任意一种或两种以上的组合，但不限于此，尤其地，采用乙醇。As one of the embodiments, the functionalized slurry is prepared by fully dispersing the nano conductive material in the solvent. The dispersion method includes ultrasonic dispersion. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, including any one or two of ethanol, water, cyclohexane, n-hexane, acetone, toluene, benzene, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. The combination of the above, but not limited to this, in particular, ethanol is used.
S02、将功能化浆料涂覆于衬底材料层12上，形成纳米导电材料层11薄膜。S02. Coating the functionalized slurry on the substrate material layer 12 to form a thin film of the nano conductive material layer 11.
这里，该步骤至少采用浸涂方式将该功能化浆料涂覆施加到衬底材料层12上形成导电薄膜：纳米导电材料层11。Here, in this step, at least the functionalized slurry is applied to the substrate material layer 12 by dip coating to form a conductive film: the nano conductive material layer 11.
具体地，功能化浆料的厚度为0.01～100μm，功能化薄膜1的方块电阻为0.01～30000千欧。另外，衬底材料层12表面可以分布有其他结构，也可以没有其他结构。Specifically, the thickness of the functionalized paste is 0.01-100 μm, and the sheet resistance of the functionalized film 1 is 0.01-30000 kiloohms. In addition, other structures may or may not be distributed on the surface of the substrate material layer 12.
S03、将导电薄膜的一端进行亲水化处理，得到部分亲水化的导电的功能化薄膜1。S03. Hydrophilizing one end of the conductive film to obtain a partially hydrophilized conductive functionalized film 1.
将导电薄膜的一端进行亲水化处理，可以是对连续的区域进行处理，仅将导电薄膜的用于放置于溶液中的一端进行亲水化处理，用于暴露于空气中的另一端不处理或做疏水化处理，亲水化处理区域可与疏水化处理区域相连，二者的区域共同覆盖导电薄膜的表面区域。Hydrophilizing one end of the conductive film can be to process a continuous area. Only the end of the conductive film used to be placed in the solution is hydrophilized, and the other end exposed to the air is not treated. Or it can be hydrophobized, the hydrophilized area can be connected with the hydrophobized area, and the two areas cover the surface area of the conductive film together.
该亲水化处理步骤包括：至少将所获得的导电薄膜修饰上极性官能团。这里，该修饰方法可以包括溶液法、氧等离子体处理、臭氧/紫外处理等中的任意一种或两种及以上的组合，但不限于此，尤其最好采用氧等离子体处理。The hydrophilization treatment step includes at least modifying the obtained conductive film with polar functional groups. Here, the modification method may include any one or a combination of two or more of the solution method, oxygen plasma treatment, ozone/ultraviolet treatment, etc., but is not limited thereto, and it is particularly preferable to use oxygen plasma treatment.
这里，这里所说的极性官能团包括羧基、羟基、氨基等，但不限于此。Here, the polar functional group referred to here includes carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group, etc., but is not limited thereto.
S04、在功能化薄膜1的亲水化处理后的一端和未亲水化处理的另一端分别形成下电极3和上电极2。S04. The lower electrode 3 and the upper electrode 2 are respectively formed on one end of the functionalized film 1 after the hydrophilization treatment and the other end that is not hydrophilized.
在功能化薄膜1的用于浸入溶液的亲水区域和暴露于空气中的疏水区域分 别利用银浆粘结上一层电极材料，经固化等工序后，即可形成对应的下电极3和上电极2。The hydrophilic area for immersion in the solution and the hydrophobic area exposed to the air of the functionalized film 1 are respectively bonded with a layer of electrode material using silver paste. After curing and other processes, the corresponding lower electrode 3 and upper electrode 3 can be formed. Electrode 2.
更为这里，本实施例的水伏发电机的制备方法可以具体包括以下步骤：Furthermore, the preparation method of the hydroelectric generator of this embodiment may specifically include the following steps:
(1)功能化浆料配制(1) Preparation of functionalized slurry
在溶剂(乙醇、水、氯仿、甲苯、苯、丙酮、正己烷等有机溶剂)中加入纳米导电材料(如炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯、金属纳米线、导电聚合物材料、导电二维材料等)超声分散，以保证纳米导电材料不团聚。Add nano conductive materials (such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanowires, conductive polymer materials, conductive two-dimensional Materials, etc.) ultrasonic dispersion to ensure that the nano conductive materials do not agglomerate.
(2)在衬底上形成纳米导电材料层11(2) Forming a nano-conductive material layer 11 on the substrate
将上述制备好的功能化浆料通过浸涂法在衬底材料层12(纸张、布料、丝绸、高分子材料(聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯等)、天然纤维、木头、玻璃等绝缘体或阻抗较大材料)上构筑纳米导电材料层11，形成功能化薄膜1。The functionalized slurry prepared above is applied to the substrate material layer 12 (paper, cloth, silk, polymer materials (polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polyethylene, etc.), natural fiber , Wood, glass and other insulators or materials with large impedance) construct a nano-conductive material layer 11 to form a functionalized film 1.
(3)区域化表面亲水化处理(3) Regionalized surface hydrophilization treatment
将上述制备好的功能化薄膜1进行表面亲水处理，表面处理是通过氧等离子体处理1分钟，获得局部亲水的功能化薄膜1。The functionalized film 1 prepared above is subjected to surface hydrophilic treatment, and the surface treatment is performed by oxygen plasma treatment for 1 minute to obtain a partially hydrophilic functionalized film 1.
在制备工艺中，本案发明人采用前文所列出的各种材料分别制成了不同阻值的功能化薄膜1，并且发现，当功能化薄膜1的纳米导电材料层11的厚度在0.1μm以上、电阻在1兆欧以下时，可以拥有较好的产电效果，换而言之若厚度小于0.1μm，薄膜表面无法有效地形成微米或/和纳米通道，因此无法拥有很好的毛细作用，溶质的浓度梯度无法快速地形成。In the preparation process, the inventor of this case used the various materials listed above to make functionalized films 1 with different resistance values, and found that when the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer 11 of the functionalized film 1 is more than 0.1 μm , When the resistance is less than 1 megohm, it can have a good electricity generation effect. In other words, if the thickness is less than 0.1μm, the film surface cannot effectively form micron or/and nanochannels, so it cannot have a good capillary function. The concentration gradient of the solute cannot be formed quickly.
本发明的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的制备方法具有工艺简单、易于实施、对衬底要求低、应用广泛等特点。The preparation method of the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance of the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, low substrate requirements, wide application and the like.
实施例3Example 3
本发明还提供了前述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机利用环境水发电的用途。该水伏发电机产生的电信号为持续性的直流电，用于驱动直流电供电设备。这里所说的环境水包括地下淡水、河水、海水、工业废水、去离子水、各种盐溶液等水体系。The invention also provides the use of the aforementioned hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance to generate electricity using environmental water. The electric signal generated by the hydroelectric generator is continuous direct current, which is used to drive the direct current power supply equipment. The environmental water mentioned here includes water systems such as underground fresh water, river water, sea water, industrial wastewater, deionized water, and various salt solutions.
并且，本发明还提供了一种直流供电***，其包含前述的水伏发电机以及将水伏发电机电联接的电极。In addition, the present invention also provides a DC power supply system, which includes the aforementioned hydroelectric generator and an electrode that electrically connects the hydroelectric generator.
如图7所示，本实施例提供了一种可穿戴汗液发电***，盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机作为其重要组成部分，该可穿戴汗液发电***包含前述的水伏发电机组成的汗液发电机及能源管理***形成的直流供电***。该可穿戴汗液发电***主要包括功能化薄膜1、上电极2、下电极3以及隔层4，功能化薄膜1、上电极2、下电极3组成水伏发电机，水伏发电机的功能化薄膜1位于隔层4外表面，上电极2、疏水区域1a的正投影位于隔层4内，下电极3以及至少部分亲水区域1b伸出于隔层4外(正投影位于隔层4外)，该隔层4用于贴合于人体表面而起到阻挡汗液的作用，使得汗液可以与未被隔层4阻挡的部分(下电极3以及至少部分亲水区域1b)接触，从而在上电极2、下电极3之间区域内的水气化过程中在亲水区域构建的溶质浓度梯度使两电极间形成浓差扩散电势，从而利用汗液产生电压，该柔性可穿戴汗液发电***产生的电信号示意图见图8。As shown in Figure 7, this embodiment provides a wearable sweat power generation system, with a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance as an important part of the wearable sweat power generation system. DC power supply system formed by generator and energy management system. The wearable sweat power generation system mainly includes a functionalized film 1, an upper electrode 2, a lower electrode 3, and an interlayer 4. The functionalized film 1, an upper electrode 2, and a lower electrode 3 constitute a hydroelectric generator. The membrane 1 is located on the outer surface of the barrier layer 4, the upper electrode 2, the orthographic projection of the hydrophobic area 1a is located in the barrier layer 4, and the lower electrode 3 and at least part of the hydrophilic area 1b extend outside the barrier layer 4 (the orthographic projection is located outside the barrier layer 4). ), the barrier layer 4 is used to adhere to the surface of the human body to block sweat, so that the sweat can contact the part (lower electrode 3 and at least part of the hydrophilic region 1b) not blocked by the barrier layer 4, so that the upper The solute concentration gradient constructed in the hydrophilic area during the vaporization of the water in the area between the electrode 2 and the lower electrode 3 creates a concentration difference diffusion potential between the two electrodes, thereby using sweat to generate voltage. The flexible wearable sweat power generation system generates The schematic diagram of the electrical signal is shown in Figure 8.
纳米导电材料层11的材料选自多壁碳纳米管，衬底材料层12的材料为玻璃，纳米导电材料层11为50mg多壁碳纳米管超声分散于200mL乙醇中后采用浸涂法制备，之后氧等离子体表面区域化亲水处理。The material of the nano-conductive material layer 11 is selected from multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the material of the substrate material layer 12 is glass, and the nano-conductive material layer 11 is made of 50 mg multi-walled carbon nanotubes ultrasonically dispersed in 200 mL of ethanol and then prepared by a dip coating method. After that, the surface area of oxygen plasma is hydrophilized.
综上所述，本发明提供的水伏发电机具有工艺简单、易于实施、对衬底要求低、清洁，成本低廉，应用广泛等特点，采用了制备简单、适用范围广、稳定性好且易于大面积制备的具有微纳结构的导电材料，可获得良好的产电性能，实现了直接从环境水中直接获取能源而对水无任何要求且不需要外界给予特殊条件，可作为电源给各种电子/电器设备供电，且具有更稳定，清洁，受环境限制扰小，可以长期使用的特点。In summary, the hydroelectric generator provided by the present invention has the characteristics of simple process, easy implementation, low substrate requirements, cleanliness, low cost, and wide application. It adopts simple preparation, wide application range, good stability and easy The conductive material with micro-nano structure prepared in a large area can obtain good electricity generation performance, and achieve direct energy acquisition from environmental water without any requirements for water and no special conditions from the outside. It can be used as a power source for various electronics /Electrical equipment is powered, and has the characteristics of being more stable, cleaner, less disturbed by environmental restrictions, and can be used for a long time.
以上所述仅是本申请的具体实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。The above are only specific implementations of this application. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principles of this application, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications are also Should be regarded as the scope of protection of this application.

Claims (20)

  1. 一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，其中，包括具有纳米导电材料层的功能化薄膜和分别设置在所述功能化薄膜的长度方向的两端且不相交的上电极和下电极，所述功能化薄膜包括分别位于其长度方向的两端的疏水区域与亲水区域，所述纳米导电材料层在所述疏水区域和所述亲水区域均形成有纳米导电材料形成的导电网络，且所述上电极、所述下电极分别设于所述疏水区域、所述亲水区域并与对应区域的导电网络导通；所述亲水区域设有所述下电极的部分始终浸没于水溶液中，所述疏水区域设有所述上电极的部分始终暴露于水溶液表面之外，所述上电极、所述下电极之间区域内的水气化过程中在亲水区域构建的溶质浓度梯度使两电极间形成浓差扩散电势。A hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance, which comprises a functionalized film with a nano-conductive material layer and upper and lower electrodes which are respectively arranged at both ends of the functionalized film in the length direction and do not intersect. The functionalized film includes a hydrophobic area and a hydrophilic area located at both ends of its length direction, the nano-conductive material layer is formed with a conductive network formed of nano-conductive materials in both the hydrophobic area and the hydrophilic area, and The upper electrode and the lower electrode are respectively arranged in the hydrophobic area and the hydrophilic area and are connected to the conductive network of the corresponding area; the part of the hydrophilic area where the lower electrode is arranged is always immersed in the aqueous solution, The part of the hydrophobic area provided with the upper electrode is always exposed to the surface of the aqueous solution, and the solute concentration gradient constructed in the hydrophilic area during the vaporization of the water in the area between the upper electrode and the lower electrode makes the two Concentration diffusion potential is formed between the electrodes.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，其中，所述导电网络包括位于所述纳米导电材料层内部和/或表面的微米级和/或纳米级的非平面结构。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 1, wherein the conductive network includes a micron- and/or nano-scale non-planar structure located inside and/or on the surface of the nano-conductive material layer.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，其中，所述非平面结构的形状包括微孔状、管状通道、凹槽结构中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 2, wherein the shape of the non-planar structure includes any one or a combination of at least two of a microporous shape, a tubular channel, and a groove structure.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，其中，所述纳米导电材料层的材质选自炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯、金属纳米线、导电聚合物材料、导电二维材料的至少一种。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 2, wherein the material of the nano-conductive material layer is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal nanowires, conductive polymer materials, conductive two At least one kind of dimensional material.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，其中，所述功能化薄膜还包括电绝缘的衬底材料层，所述纳米导电材料层形成于所述衬底材料层的一个表面。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 4, wherein the functionalized film further comprises an electrically insulating substrate material layer, and the nano-conductive material layer is formed on one of the substrate material layers. surface.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，其中，所述纳米导电材料层的厚度为0.01～100μm。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer is 0.01-100 μm.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，其中，所述功能化薄膜的方块电阻为0.01～30000千欧。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 1, wherein the sheet resistance of the functionalized film is 0.01 to 30,000 kiloohms.
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机，其中，所述纳米导电材料层的厚度为0.01～100μm，所述功能化薄膜的方块电阻为0.01～30000千欧。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer is 0.01-100 μm, and the sheet resistance of the functionalized film is 0.01-30,000 kiloohms.
  9. 一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的制备方法，其中，包括以下步骤：A preparation method of a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance, which comprises the following steps:
    提供功能化浆料，所述功能化浆料包括溶剂以及均匀分散于溶剂中的纳米导电材料；Provide a functionalized slurry, the functionalized slurry including a solvent and nano conductive materials uniformly dispersed in the solvent;
    将所述功能化浆料涂覆于衬底材料层上，形成导电薄膜；Coating the functionalized slurry on the substrate material layer to form a conductive film;
    将所述导电薄膜的一端进行亲水化处理，得到部分亲水化的导电的功能化薄膜；Hydrophilizing one end of the conductive film to obtain a partially hydrophilized conductive functionalized film;
    在所述功能化薄膜的亲水化处理后的一端和未亲水化处理的另一端分别形成下电极和上电极。A lower electrode and an upper electrode are respectively formed on one end of the functionalized film after the hydrophilization treatment and the other end of the non-hydrophilization treatment.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的制备方法，其中，所述功能化浆料的制作方式为：将纳米导电材料于有机的溶剂中充分分散后获得，所述溶剂包括乙醇、水、环己烷、正己烷、丙酮、甲苯、苯、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。The method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 9, wherein the functionalized slurry is prepared by fully dispersing the nano conductive material in an organic solvent, and the solvent It includes any one or a combination of two or more of ethanol, water, cyclohexane, n-hexane, acetone, toluene, benzene, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride.
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的制备方法，其中，所述功能化浆料的厚度为0.01～100μm。The method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 9, wherein the thickness of the functionalized slurry is 0.01-100 μm.
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的制备方法，其中，所述功能化薄膜的方块电阻为0.01～30000千欧。The method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 9, wherein the sheet resistance of the functionalized film is 0.01 to 30000 kiloohms.
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机的制备方法，其中，所述功能化浆料的厚度为0.01～100μm，所述功能化薄膜的方块电阻为0.01～30000千欧。The method for preparing a hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 10, wherein the thickness of the functionalized slurry is 0.01-100 μm, and the sheet resistance of the functionalized film is 0.01-30,000 kiloohms.
  14. 一种盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机用于可穿戴汗液发电***的用途，其中，所述盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机包括具有纳米导电材料层的功能化薄膜和分别设置在所述功能化薄膜的长度方向的两端且不相交的上电极和下电极，所述功能化薄膜包括分别位于其长度方向的两端的疏水区域与亲水区域，所述纳米导电材料层在所述疏水区域和所述亲水区域均形成有纳米导电材料形成的导电网络，且所述上电极、所述下电极分别设于所述疏水区域、所述亲水区域并与对应区域的导电网络导通；所述亲水区域设有所述下电极的部分始终浸没于水溶液中，所述疏水区域设有所述上电极的部分始终暴露于水溶液表面之外，所述上电极、所述下电极之间区域内的水气化过程中在亲水区域构建的溶质浓度梯度使两电极间形成浓差扩散电势。A hydropower generator with enhanced salt solution performance is used in a wearable sweat power generation system, wherein the hydropower generator with enhanced salt solution performance includes a functionalized film with a nano-conductive material layer and is respectively arranged on the The functionalized film has an upper electrode and a lower electrode that do not intersect at both ends of the length direction of the functionalized film. The functionalized film includes a hydrophobic area and a hydrophilic area located at both ends of the length direction of the functionalized film. Both the area and the hydrophilic area are formed with a conductive network formed by nano-conductive materials, and the upper electrode and the lower electrode are respectively arranged in the hydrophobic area and the hydrophilic area and are connected to the conductive network of the corresponding area The part of the hydrophilic region provided with the lower electrode is always immersed in the aqueous solution, the part of the hydrophobic region provided with the upper electrode is always exposed to the surface of the aqueous solution, the upper electrode, the lower electrode The solute concentration gradient constructed in the hydrophilic region during the vaporization of the water in the intermediate region creates a concentration difference diffusion potential between the two electrodes.
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机用于可穿戴汗液发电***的用途，其中，所述导电网络包括位于所述纳米导电材料层内部和/或表面的微米级和/或纳米级的非平面结构。The use of the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance as claimed in claim 14 for a wearable sweat power generation system, wherein the conductive network includes micron and/or micron-sized and/or micron-levels located inside and/or on the surface of the nano-conductive material layer. Or nano-scale non-planar structure.
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机用于可穿戴汗液发电***的用途，其中，所述非平面结构的形状包括微孔状、管状通道、凹槽结构中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 15 is used in a wearable sweat power generation system, wherein the shape of the non-planar structure includes any one of a microporous shape, a tubular channel, and a groove structure. Or a combination of at least two.
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机用于可穿戴汗液发电***的用途，其中，所述纳米导电材料层的材质选自炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯、金属纳米线、导电聚合物材料、导电二维材料的至少一种。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 15 is used in a wearable sweat power generation system, wherein the material of the nano-conductive material layer is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanotube, graphene, metal nano At least one of wire, conductive polymer material, and conductive two-dimensional material.
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机用于可穿戴汗液发电***的用途，其中，所述功能化薄膜还包括电绝缘的衬底材料层，所述纳米导电材料层形成于所述衬底材料层的一个表面。The hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance according to claim 17 is used in a wearable sweat power generation system, wherein the functionalized film further comprises an electrically insulating substrate material layer, and the nano conductive material layer forms On one surface of the substrate material layer.
  19. 根据权利要求14所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机用于可穿戴汗液发电***的用途，其中，所述纳米导电材料层的厚度为0.01～100μm。The use of the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance in a wearable sweat power generation system according to claim 14, wherein the thickness of the nano-conductive material layer is 0.01-100 μm.
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的盐溶液性能增强的水伏发电机用于可穿戴汗液发电***的用途，其中，所述功能化薄膜的方块电阻为0.01～30000千欧。The use of the hydroelectric generator with enhanced salt solution performance in a wearable sweat power generation system according to claim 19, wherein the sheet resistance of the functionalized film is 0.01 to 30,000 kiloohms.
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