WO2021035784A1 - 用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具 - Google Patents

用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021035784A1
WO2021035784A1 PCT/CN2019/104476 CN2019104476W WO2021035784A1 WO 2021035784 A1 WO2021035784 A1 WO 2021035784A1 CN 2019104476 W CN2019104476 W CN 2019104476W WO 2021035784 A1 WO2021035784 A1 WO 2021035784A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
self
plate
connecting rod
cylinder
fixed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/104476
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙玉文
贾晋杰
王壮
Original Assignee
大连理工大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 大连理工大学 filed Critical 大连理工大学
Priority to US16/969,123 priority Critical patent/US11179821B2/en
Publication of WO2021035784A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021035784A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B23Q3/065—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding workpieces being specially deformable, e.g. made from thin-walled or elastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/0063—Connecting non-slidable parts of machine tools to each other
    • B23Q1/0072—Connecting non-slidable parts of machine tools to each other using a clamping opening for receiving an insertion bolt or nipple
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2703/00—Work clamping
    • B23Q2703/02—Work clamping means
    • B23Q2703/04—Work clamping means using fluid means or a vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2703/00—Work clamping
    • B23Q2703/02—Work clamping means
    • B23Q2703/10—Devices for clamping workpieces of a particular form or made from a particular material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
    • B23Q3/082—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated hydraulically actuated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clamp, in particular to a synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp used for the processing of annular thin-walled parts.
  • the annular thin-walled part as a typical structural part, is widely used because of its advantages of light weight and compact structure, such as aero engine casings and rotating hubs.
  • This kind of ring-shaped thin-walled parts has the characteristics of complex shape, large size and thin wall thickness in structural design, which leads to instability or vibration during processing due to insufficient rigidity, and it is difficult to ensure the processing accuracy of the workpiece. Therefore, for the clamping of ring-shaped thin-walled parts, in addition to requiring the clamp to provide the main positioning and clamping, it is also necessary to add auxiliary supports to the weakly rigid parts of the workpiece to improve its rigidity.
  • the fixtures used in the processing of annular thin-walled parts mainly include:
  • Pneumatic fixture This type of fixture has fast movement speed, smooth action and no pollution, but its working pressure is low. To achieve the expected clamping effect, it needs to be larger. In fixture design, due to the limited clamping space, it not only restricts the selection of cylinders. Type, it is difficult to ensure the required output force, and affect the fixture design layout.
  • the power supply pipeline restricts the movement of the machine tool.
  • the hydraulic/pneumatic pipeline should be able to avoid interference with the workpiece 7.
  • the common pipe winding problem in processing requires the machine tool workbench to be modified.
  • the present invention provides a synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp for the processing of annular thin-walled parts.
  • the fixture not only can efficiently complete the stable clamping of the work piece 7, but also does not need to modify the machine tool, and can ensure the reliable clamping and safe processing of the work piece 7 when the air source is disconnected.
  • a synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive fixture for the processing of annular thin-walled parts including a zero-point positioning system 1, a base body 2, a platen mechanism assembly 3, a column 4, a support mechanism group 5 and an adaptive support body assembly 6;
  • the positioning system 1 is fixed with a base body 2, a platen mechanism assembly 3, and a column 4, the column 4 is sleeved with a support mechanism assembly 5, and an adaptive support body assembly 6 is hinged at the end of the support mechanism assembly 5 through the platen mechanism assembly 3.
  • supporting mechanism assembly 5 to realize efficient clamping of ring-shaped thin-walled parts;
  • the zero-point positioning system 1 includes a base plate 1-1, a working plate 1-2, a zero-point locator 1-3, and a zero-point positioning joint 1-4;
  • the base plate 1-1 is a circular thin plate structure, and its upper end faces along the circumference and There are 5 zero locators 1-3 fixed at the center; zero locating joints 1-4 are installed on the bottom surface of the working plate 1-2, and the zero locators 1-3 are connected with the zero locating joints 1-4;
  • the working plate 1-2 is fixed On the base plate 1-1, a base body 2, a pressing plate mechanism assembly 3, and a column 4 are fixed on the upper surface of the base plate 1-1;
  • the base body 2 includes a support column 2-1, a base 2-2 and a positioning ring 2-3; the working plate 1-2 and the base 2-2 are fixedly connected by the support column 2-1; the base 2-2 is Annular plate structure, which is fixedly connected with the positioning ring 2-3 by bolts;
  • the pressure plate mechanism assembly 3 includes a pressure plate air path structure 3-1 and a pressure plate booster orthogonal self-locking mechanism 3-2; the pressure plate mechanism assembly 3 supplies compressed air to the pressure plate air path structure 3-1 to push the pressure plate positively.
  • the cross self-locking mechanism 3-2 realizes the synchronous compression of the pressure plate. After the compression is completed, the air source can be disconnected, and the orthogonal self-locking mechanism 3-2 is used to increase the force of the pressure plate to ensure that the workpiece 7 is reliably compressed;
  • the pressure plate gas path structure 3-1 includes cylinder a3-101, cylinder mounting frame 3-102, speed control valve a3-103, adapter 3-104, adapter bracket 3-105, mounting plate 3-106, and mounting plate Column 3-107, manual reversing valve 3-108, relief valve 3-109, relief valve mounting bracket 3-110 and quick exhaust valve 3-111;
  • cylinder a3-101 is a double-acting cylinder, which is installed through the cylinder
  • the bracket 3-102 is symmetrically fixed on the upper surface of the working plate 1-2, the output end of the cylinder a3-101 points to the base body 2;
  • the speed control valve a3-103 is installed at the exhaust port of the cylinder a3-101;
  • the adapter bracket 3-105 There are four in total, which are installed symmetrically on the upper surface of the mounting plate 3-106; the adapter 3-104 is fixed in series on the adapter bracket 3-105; there are 4 mounting plate columns 3-107, one end of which is fixed to the working plate 1 by bolts -2 The upper surface,
  • the self-locking mechanism 3-2 includes T-shaped pressure plate 3-201, upper connecting rod 3-202, connecting rod 3-203, lower connecting rod 3-204, connecting rod pin a3-205, auxiliary rod 3-206, T-shaped The pressure plate installation column 3-207 and the auxiliary rod installation column 3-208; the T-shaped pressure plate installation column 3-207 is fixed to the upper surface of the positioning ring 2-3 by bolts; the T-shaped pressure plate 3-201 is connected through the pin hole in the middle fulcrum
  • the lever pin a3-205 is hinged to the upper end of the T-shaped pressure plate mounting column 3-207, and its fulcrum position is determined according to the size of the pressing force; the non-compressed end of the T-shaped pressure plate 3-201 is connected to the upper end through the connecting rod
  • the column 4 has a stepped structure, and the bottom of the column 4 is a plate structure, which is fixed to the upper surface of the working plate 1-2 through a threaded connection.
  • the top of the column 4 passes through the cylinder mounting plate 5-102 and is fixed, and the column 4 is sleeved with a support Mechanism component 5;
  • the supporting mechanism assembly 5 includes a supporting air path structure 5-1 and a supporting synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism 5-2; the supporting mechanism assembly 5 drives the supporting synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism by supplying compressed air to the supporting air path structure 5-1.
  • the lock mechanism 5-2 realizes the synchronous expansion and contraction of the support body, the air source can be disconnected after the support is completed, and the support synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism 5-2 is used to ensure the stable support of the workpiece 7;
  • the supporting gas path structure 5-1 includes a cylinder b5-101, a cylinder mounting plate 5-102, an anti-rapid extension system SSC valve 5-103, a speed control valve b5-104 and a speed control valve bracket 5-105; cylinder installation
  • the plate 5-102 is a circular ring plate, which is installed on the top of the column 4;
  • the cylinder b5-101 is a double-acting cylinder, which is fixed to the upper surface of the cylinder mounting plate 5-102 by bolts, and the piston rod of the cylinder b5-101 passes through the cylinder mounting plate 5-102;
  • the speed control valve b5-104 is fixed on the upper surface of the cylinder mounting plate 5-102 through the speed control valve bracket 5-105;
  • the SSC valve 5-103 of the anti-rapid extension system is fixed on the upper surface of the cylinder mounting plate 5-102;
  • the supporting synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism 5-2 works by combining a link slider mechanism and an orthogonal self-locking mechanism;
  • the supporting synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism 5-2 includes a branch ring 5-201 and a nut 5-202, connecting rod pin b5-203, connecting rod 5-204, slider 5-205 and slider support ring 5-206;
  • branch ring 5-201 is fixed to the piston rod of cylinder b5-101 through nut 5-202 End; one end of the connecting rod 5-204 is hinged to the slider 5-205 through the connecting rod pin b5-203, and the other end is hinged to the branch ring 5-201 through the connecting rod pin b5-203;
  • the slider support ring 5-206 is round Annular structure, fixed to the middle of the column 4 by a nut; N radial holes are opened on the slider support ring 5-206 for installing the slider 5-205;
  • the adaptive support body assembly 6 includes an auxiliary support frame 6-1, a rubber support body 6-2 and a support fixing pin 6-3; the auxiliary support frame 6-1 is T-shaped, and the supporting end of the auxiliary support frame 6-1 is connected to The rubber support 6-2 is fixedly connected, and the non-supporting end is hinged to the end of the slider 5-205 through the support fixing pin 6-3; during the processing of the workpiece 7, the adaptive support assembly 6 can rotate within a certain range to ensure Effective adhesion to the inner wall of the workpiece 7.
  • the number N of the connecting rod 5-204 is a natural number, and N ⁇ 6, which is specifically determined according to the diameter of the supporting part of the annular thin-walled member.
  • the orthogonal self-locking mechanism is used to realize the stable clamping of the workpiece 7, which can not only avoid the modification of the machine tool, but also can ensure that the workpiece 7 is in a stable state for a long time with zero energy consumption when the air source is disconnected. ;
  • the pressure plate mechanism assembly 3 of the present invention can not only quickly, synchronously, and stably compress the workpiece 7, but also avoid leakage of clamping and excessive clamping force. Large or small risk, and can achieve force amplification in a limited working space, so as to ensure that the pressure plate can provide sufficient pressure;
  • the multiple sets of supports are in a radial array.
  • the supports Under the action of the cylinder a3-101 and the connecting rod slider 5-205 mechanism, not only can the supports be synchronized efficiently and retracted, but also can be annular thin-walled
  • the parts provide uniform support force from the inside to the outside along the circumferential direction;
  • the zero-point positioning system 1 used in the present invention can not only greatly reduce the auxiliary time for fixture alignment, but also ensure the continuity of the work piece 7 between different stations, procedures and machine tools, thereby increasing the utilization rate of machine tools;
  • the gas circuit structure design adopts a variety of valve body combinations, which can not only prevent the clamp from damaging the workpiece 7 due to the rapid extension of the cylinder a3-101 during the clamping and supporting extension of the pressure plate, but also can loosen the pressure plate. Quickly exhaust during opening and support retracting process, improving the efficiency of unloading workpiece 7;
  • the support body adopts a rotating structure, which can be locally oscillated according to the force during processing to achieve adaptive support, which can not only make it fully fit with the inner wall of the annular thin-walled part, thereby enhancing the local weak position Stiffness, and can make the supporting force always follow the normal direction of the supporting part during the processing, thereby effectively suppressing the processing deformation and vibration of the workpiece 7 and ensuring the processing quality and accuracy;
  • the medium used by the clamp in the working process of the present invention is air, which is low in price and pollution-free, and conforms to the green and environmentally friendly processing concept.
  • the noise generated by processing in the present invention can be controlled, thereby creating a pleasant human-computer interaction environment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive fixture of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the zero-point positioning system of the synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a partial schematic diagram of the pressure plate of the synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a partial schematic diagram of the pressure plate air circuit structure of the synchronous self-locking pneumatic adaptive clamp of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure plate of the synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp of the present invention in a compressed state
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp of the present invention when the pressure plate is in a loose state;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the supporting part of the synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp of the present invention when the support is extended;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the synchronized self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp of the present invention when the support is retracted;
  • Figure 10 is a system pneumatic circuit diagram of the synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive clamp for the processing of annular thin-walled parts.
  • a synchronous self-locking pneumatic self-adaptive fixture for the processing of annular thin-walled parts including a zero-point positioning system 1, a base body 2, a platen mechanism assembly 3, a column 4, a support mechanism assembly 5, and an adaptive Support body assembly 6;
  • the zero-point positioning system 1 is fixed with a base body 2, a platen mechanism assembly 3 and a column 4, the column 4 is sleeved with a support mechanism assembly 5, and an adaptive support body assembly 6 is hinged on the end of the support mechanism assembly 5 ,
  • the platen mechanism assembly 3 and the supporting mechanism assembly 5 Through the platen mechanism assembly 3 and the supporting mechanism assembly 5, the efficient clamping of the ring-shaped thin-walled parts is realized.
  • the zero-point positioning system 1 includes a base plate 1-1, a working plate 1-2, a zero-point locator 1-3 and a zero-point positioning joint 1-4;
  • the base plate 1-1 is a circular thin plate structure, Five zero-point locators 1-3 are fixed on the upper end surface along the circumference and the center; the zero-point locating joints 1-4 are installed on the bottom surface of the working plate 1-2, and the zero-point locators 1-3 are connected with the zero-point locating joints 1-4;
  • the working plate 1-2 is fixed on the base plate 1-1, and a base body 2, a pressing plate mechanism assembly 3, and a column 4 are fixed on the upper surface of the working plate 1-2.
  • the base body 2 includes a supporting column 2-1, a base 2-2 and a positioning ring 2-3; the working plate 1-2 and the base 2-2 are fixedly connected by the supporting column 2-1;
  • the base 2-2 is an annular plate structure, on which is fixedly connected with the positioning ring 2-3 by bolts.
  • the pressure plate mechanism assembly 3 includes a pressure plate air path structure 3-1 and a pressure plate booster orthogonal self-locking mechanism 3-2; the pressure plate mechanism assembly 3 supplies compression to the pressure plate air path structure 3-1 The air pushes the pressure plate to increase the force of the orthogonal self-locking mechanism 3-2 to realize the synchronous compression of the pressure plate.
  • the air source can be disconnected, and the work piece 7 can be secured with the aid of the pressure plate’s force-increasing orthogonal self-locking mechanism 3-2 Be reliably pressed;
  • the compressed air is connected to the overflow valve 3-109, the adapter 3-104, the quick exhaust valve 3-111 and the air intake of the cylinder a3-101 from the intake port of the manual reversing valve 3-108 through the air pipe.
  • the compressed air is connected to the adapter 3-104, the speed control valve 3-103 and the cylinder through the air pipe through the air inlet of the manual reversing valve 3-108.
  • a3-101 exhaust port which drives the piston rod of the cylinder a3-101 to retract.
  • the compressed air in the circuit no longer passes through the manual reversing valve 3-108, directly from the quick exhaust valve 3- 111 discharged.
  • the pressure plate booster orthogonal self-locking mechanism 3-2 includes a T-shaped pressure plate 3-201, an upper connecting rod 3-202, a connecting rod 3-203, a lower connecting rod 3-204, and a connecting rod pin a3- 205.
  • T-shaped pressure plate installation column 3-207 and auxiliary rod installation column 3-208 T-shaped pressure plate installation column 3-207 is bolted to the upper surface of the positioning ring 2-3; T-shaped pressure plate 3- 201 is hinged to the upper end of the T-shaped pressure plate mounting column 3-207 through the connecting rod pin a3-205 in the middle fulcrum pin hole, and the fulcrum position is determined according to the size of the pressing force; T-shaped pressure plate 3-201 non-pressing end It is hinged with one end of the upper connecting rod 3-202 through a connecting rod pin a3-205; the other end of the upper connecting rod 3-202 and one end of the lower connecting rod 3-204 are hinged together with the connecting rod 3-203 through a connecting rod pin a3-205; The other end of the connecting rod 3-204 is hinged with one end of the auxiliary rod 3-206 through the connecting rod pin a3-205, and the other end of the auxiliary rod 3-206 is connected with the top end of the auxiliary rod mounting column 3-208; the auxiliary rod mounting
  • the piston rod of the cylinder a3-101 pushes the connecting rod 3-203 to move horizontally, and the upper connecting rod 3-202 and the lower connecting rod 3-204 move along the hinge under the hinge action of the connecting rod 3-203.
  • the connecting rod 3-203 moves in the horizontal direction and crosses the critical point
  • the T-shaped pressure plate 3-201 realizes self-locking, and realizes the force amplification under the action of lever, so as to ensure that the T-shaped pressure plate 3-201 can hold the workpiece 7
  • the compression through the orthogonal structure design, avoids the occurrence of pressure instability caused by the compressibility of the gas when the cylinder piston rod and the compression force are in the same direction, and can safely and reliably maintain the compression for a long time with zero energy consumption State; In the process of releasing, the connecting rod 3-203 is driven to move horizontally by the retraction of the cylinder piston rod, so that it reversely crosses the critical point to complete the reset.
  • the column 4 has a stepped structure, the part below the support mechanism assembly 5 is a plate structure, and the bottom of the plate structure is provided with a through hole; the part above the support mechanism assembly 5 is a cylindrical structure; the bottom of the column 4 It is fixed on the upper surface of the working plate 1-2 through a threaded connection, the top of the column 4 passes through the cylinder mounting plate 5-102 and is fixed, and a support mechanism assembly 5 is sleeved on the column 4.
  • the supporting mechanism assembly 5 includes a supporting air path structure 5-1 and a supporting synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism 5-2; the supporting mechanism assembly 5 drives the supporting synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism by supplying compressed air to the supporting air path structure 5-1.
  • the lock mechanism 5-2 realizes the synchronous expansion and contraction of the support body, the air source can be disconnected after the support is completed, and the support synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism 5-2 is used to ensure the stable support of the workpiece 7;
  • the supporting gas path structure 5-1 includes a cylinder b5-101, a cylinder mounting plate 5-102, an anti-rapid extension system SSC valve 5-103, a speed control valve b5-104 and a speed control valve bracket 5-105; cylinder installation
  • the plate 5-102 is a circular ring plate, which is installed on the top of the column 4;
  • the cylinder b5-101 is a double-acting cylinder, which is fixed to the upper surface of the cylinder mounting plate 5-102 by bolts, and the piston rod of the cylinder b5-101 passes through the cylinder mounting plate 5-102;
  • the speed control valve b5-104 is fixed on the upper surface of the cylinder mounting plate 5-102 through the speed control valve bracket 5-105;
  • the SSC valve 5-103 of the anti-rapid extension system is fixed on the upper surface of the cylinder mounting plate 5-102.
  • the compressed air is connected to the overflow valve 3-109 and the rapid extension prevention system SSC from the air inlet of the manual reversing valve 3-108 through the air pipe.
  • the valve 5-103, the quick exhaust valve 3-111 and the air inlet of the cylinder b5-101 drive the piston rod of the cylinder b5-101 to extend; during the support retraction process, compressed air enters from the manual reversing valve 3-108
  • the air port is connected to the speed control valve 5-104 and the exhaust port of the cylinder b5-101 through the air pipe, thereby driving the piston rod of the cylinder 5-101 to retract.
  • the compressed air in the circuit no longer passes through the manual reversing valve. 3-108, directly discharged from the quick exhaust valve 3-111.
  • the supporting synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism 5-2 works by combining a link slider mechanism and an orthogonal self-locking mechanism;
  • the supporting synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism 5-2 includes a branch ring 5-201 and a nut 5-202, connecting rod pin b5-203, connecting rod 5-204, slider 5-205 and slider support ring 5-206;
  • branch ring 5-201 is fixed to the piston rod of cylinder b5-101 through nut 5-202 End; one end of the connecting rod 5-204 is hinged to the slider 5-205 through the connecting rod pin b5-203, and the other end is hinged to the branch ring 5-201 through the connecting rod pin b5-203;
  • the slider support ring 5-206 is round
  • the ring structure is fixed to the middle of the column 4 by a nut; N radial holes are opened on the slider support ring 5-206 for installing the slider 5-205.
  • the cylinder b5-101 piston rod drives the connecting rod 5-204 to move in the vertical direction through the branch ring 5-201, and the connecting rod 5-204 is moved vertically under the action of the connecting rod slider mechanism. The movement is transformed into the horizontal movement of the slider 5-205.
  • the connecting rod 5-204 moves to the dead point in the vertical direction, the connecting rod 5-204 and the slider 5-205 are collinear, and the transmission angle is 0 at this time.
  • the support body realizes self-locking. Through the orthogonal structure design, the instability of the support force caused by the compressibility of the gas when the cylinder piston rod and the support force are in the same direction is avoided, and it can be stably and reliably for a long time with zero energy consumption. Maintain the supported state; in the process of supporting and retracting, the cylinder 5-101 piston rod drives the connecting rod 5-204 to move in the vertical direction through the branch ring 5-201, so that it reversely crosses the dead point to complete the reset.
  • the adaptive supporting body assembly 6 includes an auxiliary supporting frame 6-1, a rubber supporting body 6-2 and a supporting and fixing pin 6-3.
  • the auxiliary support frame 6-1 is T-shaped, the support end of the auxiliary support frame 6-1 is fixedly connected to the rubber support body 6-2, and the non-support end is hinged to the end of the slider 5-205 through the support fixing pin 6-3 ;
  • the adaptive support assembly 6 can rotate within a certain range to ensure effective fit with the inner wall of the workpiece 7.
  • the speed control valve 3-103 is designed in the compression gas circuit structure, which can avoid the damage of the T-shaped pressure plate 3-201 to the workpiece during the compression process, and open the support circuit after confirming that the workpiece is compressed
  • the manual reversing valve 3-108 in the middle makes the support circuit work.
  • the cylinder 5-101 pushes and supports the synchronous orthogonal self-locking mechanism 5-2 to support the weak position of the inner wall of the workpiece.
  • the support circuit is installed with anti-rapid extension
  • the system SSC valve 5-103 can avoid damage to the workpiece caused by the rapid extension of the adaptive support assembly 6 during the supporting process.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具，属于机械加工技术领域，该同步自锁式气动自适应夹具包括：零点定位***（1）、底座体（2）、压板机构组件（3）、立柱（4）、支撑机构组件（5）和自适应支撑体组件（6），所述压板机构组件（3）通过杠杆增力机构和正交自锁机构完成工件（7）的轴向压紧，支撑机构组件（5）通过连杆滑块机构和正交自锁机构完成工件（7）的径向支撑。该同步自锁式气动自适应夹具不仅装夹效率高、稳定性好，而且能够保证工件（7）在气源断开情况下的可靠装夹和安全加工。

Description

用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种夹具，特别是涉及一种用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具。
 背景技术
随着应用领域的不断拓展和性能指标的不断提升，航空航天、能源动力、国防军工等领域对所使用的仪器设备都有了更高的要求，各类结构件均向着轻量化发展。其中，环形薄壁件作为一种典型结构件，因其具有重量轻、结构紧凑等优点而得到广泛应用，如航空发动机机匣、转毂等。该类环形薄壁件在结构设计上具有形状复杂、尺寸大和壁厚薄等特点，从而导致其在加工过程中容易因刚性不足而发生失稳或振动，难以保证工件的加工精度。因此，对于环形薄壁件的装夹，除了要求夹具提供主要的定位夹紧外，还需要对工件弱刚性部位增设辅助支撑来提高其刚性。
目前，环形薄壁件在加工现场所使用的夹具主要包括：
(1)传统夹具。该类夹具结构设计简单，价格低廉，但操作繁琐，需要逐个手动调整压板和支撑以完成装夹，这种方式不仅劳动强度大、效率低，而且不易保证装夹力均匀，另外，在装夹过程中也存在漏夹、夹紧力过大或过小的风险。
(2)液压夹具。该类夹具装夹可靠、效果好且技术成熟，但在现场使用时需要额外配有液压站，使其成本增加，并且所使用的液压油泄露会造成环境污染。
(3)气动夹具。该类夹具运动速度快、动作平稳且无污染，但其工作压力低，想要达到预期的装夹效果需要使其体积变大，在夹具设计时，由于装夹空间有限，不仅限制气缸的选型，难以保证所需的输出力，而且影响夹具设计布局。
另外，上述夹具中还存在的共同问题有：
(1)动力供应管路对机床运动的限制，在夹具设计中，液压/气动管路要能够避免与工件7发生干涉，如加工中常见的管路缠绕问题，需要对机床工作台进行改造，为其加装气动/液压回转器，这样不仅影响工件7在不同机床间加工的连续性，而且不利于成本控制；
(2)液压/气动回路中存在管路断裂、动力源断气/油等安全隐患，不仅会影响零件加工精度或导致零件报废，而且可能会造成人生事故。
 技术问题
为解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具。该夹具不仅能够高效完成工件7的稳定装夹，而且无需对机床进行改造，并能够保证工件7在断开气源情况下的可靠装夹和安全加工。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具，包括零点定位***1、底座体2、压板机构组件3、立柱4、支撑机构组5和自适应支撑体组件6；零点定位***1上固定有底座体2、压板机构组件3和立柱4，立柱4上套设有支撑机构组件5，在支撑机构组件5端部铰接有自适应支撑体组件6，通过压板机构组件3和支撑机构组件5实现对环形薄壁件的高效装夹；
所述零点定位***1包括基础板1-1、工作板1-2、零点***1-3和零点定位接头1-4；基础板1-1为圆形薄板结构，其上端面沿圆周和中心处固定有5个零点***1-3；零点定位接头1-4安装在工作板1-2底面，零点***1-3与零点定位接头1-4配合连接；工作板1-2固定在基础板1-1上，其上表面固定有底座体2、压板机构组件3和立柱4；
所述底座体2包括支撑柱2-1、基座2-2和定位环2-3；工作板1-2和基座2-2通过支撑柱2-1固定连接；基座2-2为环形板结构，其上通过螺栓与定位环2-3固定连接；
所述压板机构组件3包括压板气路结构3-1和压板增力正交自锁机构3-2；压板机构组件3通过对压板气路结构3-1供应压缩空气使其推动压板增力正交自锁机构3-2实现对压板的同步压紧，完成压紧之后便可断开气源，借助压板增力正交自锁机构3-2来保证工件7被可靠地压紧；
所述压板气路结构3-1包括气缸a3-101、气缸安装架3-102、速度控制阀a3-103、转接头3-104、转接头支架3-105、安装板3-106、安装板立柱3-107、手动换向阀3-108、溢流阀3-109、溢流阀安装架3-110和快速排气阀3-111；气缸a3-101为双作用气缸，其通过气缸安装架3-102对称固定于工作板1-2上表面，气缸a3-101的输出端指向底座体2；速度控制阀a3-103安装在气缸a3-101的排气口；转接头支架3-105共有四个，对称安装在安装板3-106上表面；转接头3-104串联固定在转接头支架3-105上；安装板立柱3-107共有4个，其一端通过螺栓固定于工作板1-2上表面，另一端固定在安装板3-106下表面；手动换向阀3-108为三位五通中封式手动换向阀，通过螺栓固定于工作板1-2的边缘处；每个气缸a3-101都配备有溢流阀3-109，溢流阀3-109固定于溢流阀安装架3-110上，溢流阀安装架3-110通过螺栓固定于安装板3-106上表面；快速排气阀3-111共有8个，对称固定于安装板3-106上表面；
所述压板增力正交自锁机构3-2共有N个，与气缸a3-101的活塞杆铰接，采用杠杆增力机构和正交自锁机构相结合的方式工作；所述压板增力正交自锁机构3-2包括T型压板3-201、上连杆3-202、连接杆3-203、下连杆3-204、连杆销a3-205、辅助杆3-206、T型压板安装立柱3-207和辅助杆安装立柱3-208；T型压板安装立柱3-207通过螺栓固定于定位环2-3上表面；T型压板3-201通过其中间支点销孔内的连杆销a3-205铰接于T型压板安装立柱3-207上端，其支点位置具体根据压紧力的大小来确定；T型压板3-201非压紧端通过连杆销a3-205与上连杆3-202一端铰接；上连杆3-202另一端和下连杆3-204一端通过连杆销a3-205共同与连接杆3-203铰接；下连杆3-204另一端通过连杆销a3-205与辅助杆3-206一端铰接，辅助杆3-206另一端与辅助杆安装立柱3-208顶端交接；辅助杆安装立柱3-208安装于工作板1-2上表面；
所述立柱4为阶梯状结构，立柱4底部为板结构，通过螺纹连接固定于工作板1-2上表面，立柱4顶部穿过气缸安装板5-102并固定，立柱4上套设有支撑机构组件5；
所述支撑机构组件5包括支撑气路结构5-1和支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2；所述支撑机构组件5通过对支撑气路结构5-1供应压缩空气推动支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2来实现支撑体的同步伸缩，完成支撑之后便可断开气源，借助所述支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2来保证工件7的稳定支撑；
所述支撑气路结构5-1包括气缸b5-101、气缸安装板5-102、防急速伸出***SSC阀5-103、速度控制阀b5-104和速度控制阀支架5-105；气缸安装板5-102为圆环形板，安装在立柱4顶部；气缸b5-101为双作用气缸，通过螺栓固定于气缸安装板5-102上表面，气缸b5-101的活塞杆穿过气缸安装板5-102；速度控制阀b5-104通过速度控制阀支架5-105固定于气缸安装板5-102上表面；防急速伸出***SSC阀5-103固定于气缸安装板5-102上表面；
所述支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2采用连杆滑块机构和正交自锁机构相结合的方式工作；所述支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2包括分支环5-201、螺母5-202、连杆销b5-203、连杆5-204、滑块5-205和滑块支撑环5-206；分支环5-201通过螺母5-202固定于气缸b5-101的活塞杆端部；连杆5-204一端通过连杆销b5-203铰接于滑块5-205，另一端通过连杆销b5-203铰接于分支环5-201；滑块支撑环5-206为圆环形结构，通过螺母固定于立柱4中部；滑块支撑环5-206上开有N个径向孔，用于安装滑块5-205；
所述自适应支撑体组件6包括辅助支撑架6-1、橡胶支撑体6-2和支撑固定销6-3；辅助支撑架6-1为T字形，辅助支撑架6-1的支撑端与橡胶支撑体6-2固定连接，非支撑端通过支撑固定销6-3与滑块5-205端部铰接；在工件7加工过程中，自适应支撑体组件6能在一定范围内转动，保证与工件7内壁的有效贴合。
所述的连杆5-204个数N为自然数，N≥6，具体根据环形薄壁件支撑部位的直径尺寸进行确定。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：
(一)本发明中采用正交自锁机构实现工件7的稳定装夹，不仅可以避免对机床进行改造，而且能够保证工件7在断开气源的情况下以零能耗方式长期处于稳定状态；
(二)本发明中压板机构组件3在多组气缸a3-101和杠杆增力机构的共同作用下，不仅能够快速、同步、稳定地将工件7压紧，避免出现漏夹、夹紧力过大或过小的风险，而且能够在有限的工作空间内实现力的放大，从而保证压板能够提供足够的压紧力；
(三)本发明中多组支撑体呈辐射状阵列方式，在气缸a3-101和连杆滑块5-205机构的作用下，不仅能够高效完成支撑体的同步伸缩，而且能够为环形薄壁件提供沿圆周方向由内而外的均匀支撑力；
(四)本发明中采用零点定位***1，不仅能够大幅降低夹具找正的辅助时间，而且能够保证工件7在不同工位、工序和机床间工作的连续性，从而提高机床设备的利用率；
(五)本发明中气路结构设计采用多种阀体组合方式，不仅能够避免夹具在压板夹紧和支撑伸出过程中因气缸a3-101急速伸出而损伤工件7，而且能够在压板松开和支撑缩回过程中快速排气，提高卸载工件7效率；
(六)本发明中支撑体采用转动结构，在加工过程中可根据受力进行局部摆动以实现自适应支撑，不仅能够使其与环形薄壁件内壁充分贴合，从而增强局部薄弱位置处的刚度，而且能够使支撑力在加工过程中始终沿支撑部位的法线方向，从而有效抑制工件7的加工变形和振动，保证加工质量和精度；
(七)本发明中夹具在工作过程中所采用的介质为空气，价格低廉而且无污染，符合绿色环保的加工理念。
(八)本发明中加工产生的噪音能够得到控制，从而创造宜人的人机交互环境。
 附图说明
图1为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的三维模型示意图；
图2为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的零点定位***剖视图；
图3为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的压板部分示意图；
图4为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的压板气路结构部分示意图；
图5为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的压板压紧状态时的剖视图；
图6为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的压板松开状态时的剖视图；
图7为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的支撑部分示意图；
图8为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的支撑伸出状态时的剖视图；
图9为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的支撑缩回状态时的剖视图；
图10为本发明同步自锁式气动自适应夹具的***气动回路图。
图中：1零点定位***；2底座体；3压板机构组件；4立柱；5支撑机构组件；6自适应支撑体组件；7工件；8二位三通手动换向阀；1-1基础板；1-2工作板；1-3零点***；1-4零点定位接头；2-1支撑柱；2-2基座；2-3定位环；3-1压板气路结构；3-2压板增力正交自锁机构；3-101气缸a；3-102气缸安装架；3-103速度控制阀a；3-104转接头；3-105转接头支架；3-106安装板；3-107安装板立柱；3-108手动换向阀；3-109溢流阀；3-110溢流阀安装架；3-111快速排气阀；3-201T型压板；3-202上连杆；3-203连接杆；3-204下连杆；3-205连杆销a；3-206辅助杆；3-207T型压板安装立柱；3-208辅助杆安装立柱；5-1支撑气路结构；5-2支撑同步正交自锁机构；5-101气缸b；5-102气缸安装板；5-103防急速伸出***SSC阀；5-104速度控制阀b；5-105速度控制阀支架；5-201分支环；5-202螺母；5-203连杆销b；5-204连杆；5-205滑块；5-206滑块支撑环；6-1辅助支撑架；6-2橡胶支撑体；6-3支撑固定销。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图对本申请作进一步详细说明，本部分描述仅为示范性和解释性，不对本发明的保护范围有任何的限制。
本发明实施例提供了一种用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具。
如图1所示，一种用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具，包括零点定位***1、底座体2、压板机构组件3、立柱4、支撑机构组件5和自适应支撑体组件6；零点定位***1上固定有底座体2、压板机构组件3和立柱4，立柱4上套设有支撑机构组件5，在支撑机构组件5端部铰接有自适应支撑体组件6，通过压板机构组件3和支撑机构组件5实现对环形薄壁件的高效装夹。
如图2所示，所述零点定位***1包括基础板1-1、工作板1-2、零点***1-3和零点定位接头1-4；基础板1-1为圆形薄板结构，其上端面沿圆周和中心处固定有5个零点***1-3；零点定位接头1-4安装在工作板1-2底面，零点***1-3与零点定位接头1-4配合连接；工作板1-2固定在基础板1-1上，其上表面固定有底座体2、压板机构组件3和立柱4。
如图3所示，所述底座体2包括支撑柱2-1、基座2-2和定位环2-3；工作板1-2和基座2-2通过支撑柱2-1固定连接；基座2-2为环形板结构，其上通过螺栓与定位环2-3固定连接。
如图3、4所示，所述压板机构组件3包括压板气路结构3-1和压板增力正交自锁机构3-2；压板机构组件3通过对压板气路结构3-1供应压缩空气使其推动压板增力正交自锁机构3-2实现对压板的同步压紧，完成压紧之后便可断开气源，借助压板增力正交自锁机构3-2来保证工件7被可靠地压紧；
在压紧过程中，压缩空气从手动换向阀3-108进气口通过气管依次连通溢流阀3-109、转接头3-104、快速排气阀3-111和气缸a3-101进气口，从而驱动气缸a3-101活塞杆伸出；在松开过程中，压缩空气从手动换向阀3-108进气口通过气管依次连通转接头3-104、速度控制阀3-103和气缸a3-101排气口，从而驱动所述气缸a3-101活塞杆缩回，在排气过程中，回路中的压缩空气不再通过手动换向阀3-108，直接从快速排气阀3-111排出。
如图3、5、6所示，所述压板增力正交自锁机构3-2共有N个，与气缸a3-101的活塞杆铰接，采用杠杆增力机构和正交自锁机构相结合的方式工作；所述压板增力正交自锁机构3-2包括T型压板3-201、上连杆3-202、连接杆3-203、下连杆3-204、连杆销a3-205、辅助杆3-206、T型压板安装立柱3-207和辅助杆安装立柱3-208；T型压板安装立柱3-207通过螺栓固定于定位环2-3上表面；T型压板3-201通过其中间支点销孔内的连杆销a3-205铰接于T型压板安装立柱3-207上端，其支点位置具体根据压紧力的大小来确定；T型压板3-201非压紧端通过连杆销a3-205与上连杆3-202一端铰接；上连杆3-202另一端和下连杆3-204一端通过连杆销a3-205共同与连接杆3-203铰接；下连杆3-204另一端通过连杆销a3-205与辅助杆3-206一端铰接，辅助杆3-206另一端与辅助杆安装立柱3-208顶端交接；辅助杆安装立柱3-208安装于工作板1-2上表面。
在压紧过程中，所述气缸a3-101活塞杆推动连接杆3-203水平方向运动，所述上连杆3-202和下连杆3-204在连接杆3-203的铰接作用下沿竖直方向运动，当连接杆3-203在水平方向运动越过临界点后，T型压板3-201实现自锁，在杠杆作用下实现力的放大，从而保证T型压板3-201将工件7压紧，通过正交结构设计，避免了气缸活塞杆与压紧力同向时因气体的可压缩性导致的压力不稳定现象的发生，能够安全可靠地以零能耗方式长时间保持压紧状态；在松开过程中，通过气缸活塞杆的缩回带动所述连接杆3-203水平运动，使其反向越过临界点完成复位。
如图7所示，所述立柱4为阶梯状结构，位于支撑机构组件5下方的部分为板结构，板结构底部设有通孔；位于支撑机构组件5上方的部分为圆柱结构；立柱4底部通过螺纹连接固定于工作板1-2上表面，立柱4顶部穿过气缸安装板5-102并固定，立柱4上套设有支撑机构组件5。
所述支撑机构组件5包括支撑气路结构5-1和支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2；所述支撑机构组件5通过对支撑气路结构5-1供应压缩空气推动支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2来实现支撑体的同步伸缩，完成支撑之后便可断开气源，借助所述支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2来保证工件7的稳定支撑；
所述支撑气路结构5-1包括气缸b5-101、气缸安装板5-102、防急速伸出***SSC阀5-103、速度控制阀b5-104和速度控制阀支架5-105；气缸安装板5-102为圆环形板，安装在立柱4顶部；气缸b5-101为双作用气缸，通过螺栓固定于气缸安装板5-102上表面，气缸b5-101的活塞杆穿过气缸安装板5-102；速度控制阀b5-104通过速度控制阀支架5-105固定于气缸安装板5-102上表面；防急速伸出***SSC阀5-103固定于气缸安装板5-102上表面。
如图7、8、9所示，在支撑机构组件5伸出过程中，压缩空气从手动换向阀3-108进气口通过气管依次连通溢流阀3-109、防急速伸出***SSC阀5-103、快速排气阀3-111和气缸b5-101进气口，从而驱动气缸b5-101活塞杆伸出；在支撑缩回过程中，压缩空气从手动换向阀3-108进气口通过气管依次连通速度控制阀5-104和气缸b5-101排气口，从而驱动气缸5-101活塞杆缩回，在排气过程中，回路中的压缩空气不再通过手动换向阀3-108，直接从快速排气阀3-111排出。
所述支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2采用连杆滑块机构和正交自锁机构相结合的方式工作；所述支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2包括分支环5-201、螺母5-202、连杆销b5-203、连杆5-204、滑块5-205和滑块支撑环5-206；分支环5-201通过螺母5-202固定于气缸b5-101的活塞杆端部；连杆5-204一端通过连杆销b5-203铰接于滑块5-205，另一端通过连杆销b5-203铰接于分支环5-201；滑块支撑环5-206为圆环形结构，通过螺母固定于立柱4中部；滑块支撑环5-206上开有N个径向孔，用于安装滑块5-205。
在支撑伸出过程中，所述气缸b5-101活塞杆通过分支环5-201带动连杆5-204沿竖直方向运动，在连杆滑块机构作用下将连杆5-204的竖直运动转化为滑块5-205的水平运动，当连杆5-204在竖直方向运动到止点后，所述连杆5-204和滑块5-205共线，此时传动角为0，支撑体实现自锁，通过正交结构设计，避免了气缸活塞杆与支撑力同向时因气体的可压缩性导致的支撑力不稳定现象的发生，能够稳定可靠地以零能耗方式长期保持支撑状态；在支撑缩回过程中，所述气缸5-101活塞杆通过分支环5-201带动连杆5-204沿竖直方向运动，使其反向越过止点完成复位。
所述自适应支撑体组件6包括辅助支撑架6-1、橡胶支撑体6-2和支撑固定销6-3。所述辅助支撑架6-1为T字形，辅助支撑架6-1的支撑端与橡胶支撑体6-2固定连接，非支撑端通过支撑固定销6-3与滑块5-205端部铰接；在工件7加工过程中，自适应支撑体组件6能够在一定范围内转动，保证与工件7内壁的有效贴合。
环形薄壁件在装夹时，首先将工件放置于定位环2-3上，接通气源，此时两个手动换向阀3-108均处于中封状态，然后依次开启二位三通手动换向阀8和压板气路中的手动换向阀3-108，使压板夹紧回路工作，通过沿周向均布的多个气缸a3-101带动压板增力正交自锁机构3-2工作同时压紧工件底部，在压紧气路结构中设计有速度控制阀3-103，能够避免压紧过程中T型压板3-201对工件的损伤，等确定工件被压紧后再开启支撑回路中的手动换向阀3-108，使支撑回路工作，通过气缸5-101推动支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2工作将工件内壁薄弱位置支撑好，在支撑回路中安装有防急速伸出***SSC阀5-103，能够避免在支撑过程中出现自适应支撑体组件6的急速伸出对工件造成的损伤，等确定工件被支撑好后将两个手动换向阀3-108均设置为中封状态，然后拔掉气源便可进行加工；等工件加工完毕后，重新连通气源，依次开启二位三通手动换向阀8和支撑回路手动换向阀3-108，使支撑同步正交自锁机构5-2同步缩回，然后再开启压板回路手动换向阀3-108，使压板增力正交自锁机构3-2同步松开，在支撑缩回和压板松开回路中分别安装有快速排气阀3-111，能够保证工件的快速拆卸。
对于本领域技术人员而言，以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此，凡在本发明的权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化，均应囊括在本发明的保护范围内。

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  1. 一种用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具，其特征在于，该同步自锁式气动自适应夹具包括零点定位***（1）、底座体（2）、压板机构组件（3）、立柱（4）、支撑机构组件（5）和自适应支撑体组件（6）；零点定位***（1）上固定有底座体（2）、压板机构组件（3）和立柱（4），立柱（4）上套设有支撑机构组件（5），在支撑机构组件（5）端部铰接有自适应支撑体组件（6），通过压板机构组件（3）和支撑机构组件（5）实现对环形薄壁件的高效装夹；
    所述零点定位***（1）包括基础板（1-1）、工作板（1-2）、零点***（1-3）和零点定位接头（1-4）；基础板（1-1）为圆形薄板结构，其上端面沿圆周和中心处固定有5个零点***（1-3）；零点定位接头（1-4）安装在工作板（1-2）底面，零点***（1-3）与零点定位接头（1-4）配合连接；工作板（1-2）固定在基础板（1-1）上，其上表面固定有底座体（2）、压板机构组件（3）和立柱（4）；
    所述底座体（2）包括支撑柱（2-1）、基座（2-2）和定位环（2-3）；工作板（1-2）和基座（2-2）通过支撑柱（2-1）固定连接；基座（2-2）为环形板结构，其上通过螺栓与定位环（2-3）固定连接；
    所述压板机构组件（3）包括压板气路结构（3-1）和压板增力正交自锁机构（3-2）；压板机构组件（3）通过对压板气路结构（3-1）供应压缩空气使其推动压板增力正交自锁机构（3-2）实现对压板的同步压紧，完成压紧之后便可断开气源，借助压板增力正交自锁机构（3-2）来保证工件（7）被可靠地压紧；
    所述压板气路结构（3-1）包括气缸a（3-101）、气缸安装架（3-102）、速度控制阀a（3-103）、转接头（3-104）、转接头支架（3-105）、安装板（3-106）、安装板立柱（3-107）、手动换向阀（3-108）、溢流阀（3-109）、溢流阀安装架（3-110）和快速排气阀（3-111）；气缸a（3-101）为双作用气缸，其通过气缸安装架（3-102）对称固定于工作板（1-2）上表面，气缸a（3-101）的输出端指向底座体（2）；速度控制阀a（3-103）安装在气缸a（3-101）的排气口；转接头支架（3-105）共有四个，对称安装在安装板（3-106）上表面；转接头（3-104）串联固定在转接头支架（3-105）上；安装板立柱（3-107）共有4个，其一端通过螺栓固定于工作板（1-2）上表面，另一端固定在安装板（3-106）下表面；手动换向阀（3-108）为三位五通中封式手动换向阀，通过螺栓固定于工作板（1-2）的边缘处；每个气缸a（3-101）都配备有溢流阀（3-109），溢流阀（3-109）固定于溢流阀安装架（3-110）上，溢流阀安装架（3-110）通过螺栓固定于安装板（3-106）上表面；快速排气阀（3-111）共有8个，对称固定于安装板（3-106）上表面；
    所述压板增力正交自锁机构（3-2）共有N个，与气缸a（3-101）的活塞杆铰接，采用杠杆增力机构和正交自锁机构相结合的方式工作；所述压板增力正交自锁机构（3-2）包括T型压板（3-201）、上连杆（3-202）、连接杆（3-203）、下连杆（3-204）、连杆销a（3-205）、辅助杆（3-206）、T型压板安装立柱（3-207）和辅助杆安装立柱（3-208）；T型压板安装立柱（3-207）通过螺栓固定于定位环（2-3）上表面；T型压板（3-201）通过其中间支点销孔内的连杆销a（3-205）铰接于T型压板安装立柱（3-207）上端，其支点位置具体根据压紧力的大小来确定；T型压板（3-201）非压紧端通过连杆销a（3-205）与上连杆（3-202）一端铰接；上连杆（3-202）另一端和下连杆（3-204）一端通过连杆销a（3-205）共同与连接杆（3-203）铰接；下连杆（3-204）另一端通过连杆销a（3-205）与辅助杆（3-206）一端铰接，辅助杆（3-206）另一端与辅助杆安装立柱（3-208）顶端交接；辅助杆安装立柱（3-208）安装于工作板（1-2）上表面；
    所述立柱（4）为阶梯状结构，立柱（4）底部为板结构，通过螺纹连接固定于工作板（1-2）上表面，立柱（4）顶部穿过气缸安装板（5-102）并固定，立柱（4）上套设有支撑机构组件（5）；
    所述支撑机构组件（5）包括支撑气路结构（5-1）和支撑同步正交自锁机构（5-2）；所述支撑机构组件（5）通过对支撑气路结构（5-1）供应压缩空气推动支撑同步正交自锁机构（5-2）来实现支撑体的同步伸缩，完成支撑之后便可断开气源，借助所述支撑同步正交自锁机构（5-2）来保证工件（7）的稳定支撑；
    所述支撑气路结构（5-1）包括气缸b（5-101）、气缸安装板（5-102）、防急速伸出***SSC阀（5-103）、速度控制阀b（5-104）和速度控制阀支架（5-105）；气缸安装板（5-102）为圆环形板，安装在立柱（4）顶部；气缸b（5-101）为双作用气缸，通过螺栓固定于气缸安装板（5-102）上表面，气缸b（5-101）的活塞杆穿过气缸安装板（5-102）；速度控制阀b（5-104）通过速度控制阀支架（5-105）固定于气缸安装板（5-102）上表面；防急速伸出***SSC阀（5-103）固定于气缸安装板（5-102）上表面；
    所述支撑同步正交自锁机构（5-2）采用连杆滑块机构和正交自锁机构相结合的方式工作；所述支撑同步正交自锁机构（5-2）包括分支环（5-201）、螺母（5-202）、连杆销b（5-203）、连杆（5-204）、滑块（5-205）和滑块支撑环（5-206）；分支环（5-201）通过螺母（5-202）固定于气缸b（5-101）的活塞杆端部；连杆（5-204）一端通过连杆销b（5-203）铰接于滑块（5-205），另一端通过连杆销b（5-203）铰接于分支环（5-201）；滑块支撑环（5-206）为圆环形结构，通过螺母固定于立柱（4）中部；滑块支撑环（5-206）上开有N个径向孔，用于安装滑块（5-205）；
    所述自适应支撑体组件（6）包括辅助支撑架（6-1）、橡胶支撑体（6-2）和支撑固定销（6-3）；辅助支撑架（6-1）为T字形，辅助支撑架（6-1）的支撑端与橡胶支撑体（6-2）固定连接，非支撑端通过支撑固定销（6-3）与滑块（5-205）端部铰接；在工件（7）加工过程中，自适应支撑体组件（6）能在一定范围内转动，保证与工件（7）内壁的有效贴合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于环形薄壁件加工的同步自锁式气动自适应夹具，其特征在于，连杆（5-204）个数N为自然数，N≥6，具体根据环形薄壁件支撑部位的直径尺寸进行确定。
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CN114055198A (zh) * 2021-11-05 2022-02-18 重庆红江机械有限责任公司 基于零点***的气源气路对接结构及其控制方法
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