WO2020133750A1 - 电池包 - Google Patents

电池包 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133750A1
WO2020133750A1 PCT/CN2019/079500 CN2019079500W WO2020133750A1 WO 2020133750 A1 WO2020133750 A1 WO 2020133750A1 CN 2019079500 W CN2019079500 W CN 2019079500W WO 2020133750 A1 WO2020133750 A1 WO 2020133750A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
lower plate
battery pack
box
explosion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/079500
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
游凯杰
王鹏
金海族
史东洋
李振华
陈宁
胡飞
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP19905573.2A priority Critical patent/EP3890053B1/en
Publication of WO2020133750A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133750A1/zh
Priority to US17/360,307 priority patent/US20210328304A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/10—Containers destroyed or opened by flames or heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H01M50/273—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/276—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H01M50/273—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/282—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery pack.
  • the battery In electric vehicles, the battery is the core component, and its safety has received widespread attention.
  • the risk of thermal runaway of the battery is extremely high, threatening the safety of passengers. And because of the huge impact of thermal runaway, it will undermine consumer confidence in electric vehicles.
  • a complicated fire extinguishing liquid pipeline is arranged in the battery pack, but the design and assembly are difficult, the cost is high, and the energy density is low. And the fire extinguishing fluid is in the free space inside the battery pack.
  • the fire extinguishing fluid easily flows around and adheres to other parts, which makes the effective fire extinguishing fluid in the battery pack less and less, and at the moment of thermal runaway, it may be
  • the extinguishing fluid is outside the area where the runaway occurs, resulting in failure to extinguish or extinguish the thermal runaway source in time (such as high temperature gas and/or flame generated inside the battery, high temperature gas may be doped with electrolyte and other substances inside the battery).
  • Refractory materials are placed at and/or near the explosion-proof valve of the battery to withstand the high-temperature gas and/or flames ejected from the explosion-proof valve, but it is easy to cause the thermal runaway in the battery pack to spread, resulting in more and more thermal runaway of the battery. Increase the risk of thermal runaway.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack, which can ensure that the extinguishing agent reaches the runaway area quickly when the battery thermally runs out of control, and suppresses the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the present invention provides a battery pack including a plurality of batteries and a box, the plurality of batteries are contained in the box; each battery includes an explosion-proof valve; the box includes a lower box for supporting the battery and The upper box body matched with the box body.
  • the upper box body includes an upper plate and a lower plate.
  • the lower plate and the upper plate cover are combined to form a storage space for extinguishing agent; the explosion-proof valves of each battery face the lower plate of the upper box.
  • the board is set to be able to be melted and then discharge the extinguishing agent in the storage space.
  • the lower plate is provided with a weak area, which is opposite to the explosion-proof valve of each battery.
  • a plurality of batteries are arranged in a row, and the lower plate is provided with a weak area, and the weak area covers the area formed by all explosion-proof valves of each battery row in the height direction.
  • the weak region is provided with a groove so that the thickness of the weak region is smaller than the thickness of other parts of the lower plate.
  • the weak area is provided with scores along its periphery.
  • the upper case further includes a partition wall, and the storage space is partitioned into a plurality of storage chambers by the partition wall, and each storage chamber is opposite to the explosion-proof valve of the battery of each battery row V.
  • the upper box further includes a fireproof board, which is disposed between the inner surface of the upper board and the extinguishing agent.
  • the fireproof board is a mica board.
  • the thickness of the lower plate is smaller than the thickness of the upper plate.
  • the lower plate includes: a bottom wall; a side wall that extends upward from the circumference of the bottom wall; and a flange that extends outward from the circumference of the side wall, and the flange is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the upper plate.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the battery pack of the present invention, thermal runaway occurs in the battery (the high-temperature gas generated inside the battery breaks through the explosion-proof valve of the battery and is released from the battery, where the high-temperature gas rushing out of the explosion-proof valve may be accompanied by flame , May also be doped with a high-temperature electrolyte), the generated high-temperature gas and/or flame will melt through the position of the lower plate of the upper box corresponding to the explosion-proof valve, so that the lower plate is formed by the melted through melting In the area, the extinguishing agent in the lower plate quickly flows out from the melting area to the runaway area.
  • the extinguishing agent cools the high-temperature gas and/or extinguishes the flame.
  • the extinguishing agent will enter the explosion-proof valve to reduce the battery. Temperature, thereby suppressing the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the battery pack of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. 2, which shows a state in which the extinguishing agent is discharged after the lower plate is melted.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the upper case of the battery pack of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the upper case cover of the battery pack of FIG. 1 viewed from another angle.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the upper case of the battery pack of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG 8 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • 2 is a cross-sectional view of the battery pack of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. 2, which shows a state in which the extinguishing agent is discharged after the lower plate is melted.
  • 4 is an exploded perspective view of the upper case of the battery pack of FIG. 1.
  • 5 is a perspective view of the upper case cover of the battery pack of FIG. 1 viewed from another angle.
  • 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the upper case of the battery pack of FIG. 5.
  • the battery pack of the present invention includes a plurality of batteries 1 and a case 2.
  • the plurality of batteries 1 are contained in the case 2; each battery 1 includes an explosion-proof valve 11; the case 2 includes a lower case 21 for supporting the battery 1 and The upper case 22 cooperated with the lower case 21.
  • the upper case 22 includes an upper plate 221 and a lower plate 222.
  • the lower plate 222 and the upper plate 221 are combined to form a storage space S for extinguishing agent 3; each battery 1 is explosion-proof
  • the valve 11 faces the lower plate 222 of the upper case 22, and the lower plate 222 is provided to be able to be melted and then discharged out of the extinguishing agent 3 in the storage space S.
  • the lower case 21 includes a first edge portion 211
  • the upper case 22 includes a second edge portion 225
  • the first edge portion 211 is connected to the second edge portion 225.
  • the first edge portion 211 and the second edge portion 225 may be connected by riveting, bolt connection, snap connection or adhesive connection.
  • a thermal runaway occurs in the battery 1 (the high-temperature gas generated inside the battery 1 breaks through the explosion-proof valve 11 of the battery 1 and is released from the battery 1, wherein the explosion-proof valve 11 is flushed out High-temperature gas may be accompanied by flame, or may be doped with high-temperature electrolyte), the generated high-temperature gas and/or flame will melt through the position of the lower plate 222 of the upper case 22 corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 11
  • the sintered melting area M is formed on the plate 222, and the extinguishing agent 3 in the lower plate 222 quickly flows out of the smelting area M to the out-of-control area.
  • the extinguishing agent 3 cools the high-temperature gas and/or extinguishes the flame.
  • the extinguishing agent 3 that flows out will enter the interior of the explosion-proof valve 11 to reduce the temperature of the battery 1, thereby suppressing the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the battery 1 is a hard-shell battery (or referred to as a can-type battery), and includes an electrode assembly (not shown), a case, a top cover, an explosion-proof valve 11 and a pole 12.
  • a housing cavity is formed inside the housing to accommodate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator that separates the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator may be wound and formed, or the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator may be laminated and formed. Both the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet include a current collector and an active material layer provided on the current collector.
  • the lower plate 222 includes: a bottom wall 222B; a side wall 222C that extends upward from the periphery of the bottom wall 222B; and a flange 222D that extends outward from the periphery of the side wall 222C and the flange 222D is fixed Connected to the inner surface of the upper plate 221.
  • the flange 222D can be fixedly connected to the inner surface of the upper plate 221 by means of screw connection, bolt connection, riveting or adhesive connection to seal and fix.
  • the material of the lower plate 222 can be a material with a melting point of 200-500°C, such as aluminum, to ensure that the lower plate 222 can be melted through and discharge the extinguishing agent 3 in time when the battery 1 is out of control, so that the extinguishing agent 3 quickly flows out of control Area to suppress thermal runaway.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • 8 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • 9 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the lower plate 222 is provided with a weakened area 222A, which is opposed to the explosion-proof valve 11 of each battery 1.
  • the number of weak regions 222A may be one or multiple.
  • the lower plate 222 is provided with a weak region 222A, covering all the areas formed by the explosion-proof valve 11 of the battery 1, without setting Multiple weak areas 222A to reduce the process of processing the lower plate 222; in the second embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the lower plate 222 is provided with multiple weak areas 222A, and each weak area 222A covers the explosion-proof valve 11 of each battery 1 In the formed area (for clarity, only a portion of the weakened area 222A is shown in FIG. 8), the weakened areas 222A corresponding to each explosion-proof valve 11 are separated, which can prevent the weakened area 222A from melting easily and causing the melting area M to spread. Excessively large and excessive waste of fire extinguishing agent 3 is discharged; in the third embodiment shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of batteries 1 are arranged in a row, and a weak area is provided on the lower plate 222 based on the battery row V 222A, the weak area 222A covers the area formed by all the explosion-proof valves 11 of each battery row V in the height direction, the number of rows of the weak area 222A corresponding to the battery row V is not limited, and the setting is flexible, and multiple weak areas 222A can be formed on the lower plate 222
  • One weak area 222A corresponds to multiple rows of battery rows V, and the number of weak areas 222A is selected according to specific needs. As shown in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the weak region 222A may be provided with a groove R so that the thickness of the weak region 222A is smaller than the thickness of other parts of the lower plate 222 to ensure that when the thermal runaway occurs, the thermal runaway occurs.
  • the weak zone 222A corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 11 of the battery 1 quickly melts and discharges the extinguishing agent 3 in a short time.
  • the weak area 222A is provided with scores (not shown) along its periphery. The effect of the weak region 222A is strengthened by the arrangement of the groove R or the notch, thereby ensuring that the lower plate 222 fully functions.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the upper case 22 further includes a partition wall 223, and the storage space S is partitioned by the partition wall 223 into a plurality of storage chambers S1, and each storage chamber S1 and the battery 1 of each battery row V are explosion-proof
  • the valves 11 are opposed to each other and are managed separately. Since the possibility of a thermal runaway chain reaction between the batteries 1 in each battery row V is the greatest, for each battery row V, a corresponding storage cavity S1 is provided on the lower plate 222, so that each storage cavity S1
  • the extinguishing agent 3 in the main response to the thermal runaway of the corresponding battery row V, the extinguishing agent 3 can flow to the thermal runaway area faster.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the upper case of the battery pack of the present invention.
  • the upper case 22 may further include a fireproof plate 224, which is disposed between the inner surface of the upper plate 221 and the fire extinguishing agent 3, to prolong the high-temperature gas ejected when the battery 1 thermally loses control And/or the time before the flame burns through the board 221, the extinguishing agent 3 has enough time to fully cool down and extinguish the fire. It can also be achieved by designing the thickness of the lower plate 222 to be smaller than the thickness of the upper plate 221.
  • the fireproof board 224 can be selected from mica cloth, which has a high melting point and high temperature resistance. The fireproof board 224 may be fixed to the inner surface of the upper board 221.
  • the fire extinguishing agent 3 may be a dry powder fire extinguishing agent or a fire extinguishing liquid with large latent heat, high specific heat capacity and good insulation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种电池包，包括多个电池和箱体，多个电池收容在箱体内；各电池包括防爆阀；箱体包括用于支撑电池的下箱体以及与下箱体配合的上箱体，上箱体包括上板以及下板，下板与上板盖合并形成用于收容灭火剂的收容空间；各电池的防爆阀面对上箱体的下板，下板设置成能够被熔化后泄出收容空间中的灭火剂。在电池发生热失控时，热失控产生的高温气体和/或火焰会熔穿上箱体的下板的与防爆阀对应的位置，从而下板上形成被熔穿的烧熔区域，下板中的灭火剂从烧熔区域中迅速流出到达失控区域，一方面灭火剂对高温气体降温和/或扑灭火焰，另一方面，流出的灭火剂会进入防爆阀内部，以降低电池的温度，从而抑制电池的热失控。

Description

电池包 技术领域
本发明涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种电池包。
背景技术
在电动汽车中，电池作为核心部件，其安全性得到广泛关注。电池的热失控危险性极高，威胁到乘客生命安全。并且由于热失控的影响巨大，会打击消费者对电动汽车的信心。目前，为抑制电池的热失控，在电池包内布置复杂的灭火液管道，但设计、装配难度高、成本高且能量密度低。并且灭火液在电池包内部的自由空间，在车辆行驶过程中灭火液容易到处流动，粘附在其他部位，使电池包内的有效灭火液越来越少，并且在发生热失控的瞬间，可能灭火液处于发生失控的区域外，导致不能及时有效地扑灭或浇熄热失控源(例如又电池内部产生的高温气体和/火焰，高温气体中可能掺杂电池内部的电解液等物质)。在电池的防爆阀处和/或附近布置耐火材料，顶住从防爆阀喷出的高温气体和/或火焰，但是容易使电池包内的热失控扩散，导致越来越多的电池热失控，加大热失控风险。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种电池包，其能确保灭火剂在电池热失控时迅速到达失控区域，抑制电池的热失控。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种电池包，包括多个电池和箱体，多个电池收容在箱体内；各电池包括防爆阀；箱体包括用于支撑电池的下箱体以及与下箱体配合的上箱体，上箱体包括上板以及下板，下板与上板盖合并形成用于收容灭火剂的收容空间；各电池的防爆阀面对上箱体的下板，下板设置成能够被熔化后泄出收容空间中的灭火剂。
在一实施例中，下板设置有薄弱区，薄弱区与各电池的防爆阀相对。
在一实施例中，多个电池成排设置，下板设置有薄弱区，薄弱区在高度 方向上覆盖各电池排的所有防爆阀形成的区域。
在一实施例中，薄弱区设置有凹槽以使薄弱区的厚度小于下板的其它部位的厚度。
在一实施例中，薄弱区沿其周边设置有刻痕。
在一实施例中，上箱体还包括分隔壁，收容空间由分隔壁分隔成多个收容腔，各收容腔与各电池排V的电池的防爆阀相对。
在一实施例中，上箱体还包括防火板，设置于上板的内表面与灭火剂之间。
在一实施例中，防火板为云母板。
在一实施例中，下板的厚度小于上板的厚度。
在一实施例中，下板包括：底壁；侧壁，从底壁的四周向上延伸出；以及凸缘，从侧壁的四周向外延伸出，凸缘固定连接于上板的内表面。
本发明的有益效果如下：在本发明的电池包中，在电池发生热失控(电池内部产生的高温气体冲破电池的防爆阀而从电池中释放，其中冲出防爆阀的高温气体可能伴随有火焰，也可能掺杂有高温度的电解液)时，产生的高温气体和/或火焰会熔穿上箱体的下板的与防爆阀对应的位置，从而下板上形成被熔穿的烧熔区域，下板中的灭火剂从烧熔区域中迅速流出到达失控区域，一方面灭火剂对高温气体降温和/或扑灭火焰，另一方面，流出的灭火剂会进入防爆阀内部，以降低电池的温度，从而抑制电池的热失控。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电池包的分解立体图。
图2是图1的电池包的剖视图。
图3是图2中的部分A的放大图，其中示出下板被熔化后泄出灭火剂的状态。
图4是图1的电池包的上箱体的分解立体图。
图5是从另一角度观察的图1的电池包的上箱盖的立体图。
图6是图5的电池包的上箱体的局部剖视图。
图7是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第一实施例的立体图。
图8是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第二实施例的立体图。
图9是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第三实施例的立体图。
图10是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第四实施例的立体图。
图11是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第五实施例的立体图。
图12是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第六实施例的立体图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1电池                              222D凸缘
  11防爆阀                       223分隔壁
  12极柱                         224防火板
2箱体                            225第二边缘部
  21下箱体                 3灭火剂
    211第一边缘部          S收容空间
  22上箱体                    S1收容腔
    221上板                R凹槽
    222下板                V电池排
     222A薄弱区            M烧熔区域
     222B底壁              H高度方向
     222C侧壁              L长度方向
                           W宽度方向
具体实施方式
附图示出本发明的实施例，且将理解的是，所公开的实施例仅仅是本发明的示例，本发明可以以各种形式实施，因此，本文公开的具体细节不应被解释为限制，而是仅作为权利要求的基础且作为表示性的基础用于教导本领域普通技术人员以各种方式实施本发明。
图1是本发明的电池包的分解立体图。图2是图1的电池包的剖视图。图3是图2中的部分A的放大图，其中示出下板被熔化后泄出灭火剂的状态。图4是图1的电池包的上箱体的分解立体图。图5是从另一角度观察的图1的电池包的上箱盖的立体图。图6是图5的电池包的上箱体的局部剖视图。
本发明的电池包包括多个电池1和箱体2，多个电池1收容在箱体2内；各电池1包括防爆阀11；箱体2包括用于支撑电池1的下箱体21以及与下 箱体21配合的上箱体22，上箱体22包括上板221以及下板222，下板222与上板221盖合并形成用于收容灭火剂3的收容空间S；各电池1的防爆阀11面对上箱体22的下板222，下板222设置成能够被熔化后泄出收容空间S中的灭火剂3。下箱体21包括第一边缘部211，上箱体22包括第二边缘部225，第一边缘部211与第二边缘部225连接。第一边缘部211和第二边缘部225可通过铆接、螺栓连接、卡扣连接或胶粘连接等方式连接。
在本发明的电池包中，参照图1至图3，在电池1发生热失控(电池1内部产生的高温气体冲破电池1的防爆阀11而从电池1中释放，其中冲出防爆阀11的高温气体可能伴随有火焰，也可能掺杂有高温度的电解液)时，产生的高温气体和/或火焰会熔穿上箱体22的下板222的与防爆阀11对应的位置，从而下板222上形成被熔穿的烧熔区域M，下板222中的灭火剂3从烧熔区域M中迅速流出到达失控区域，一方面灭火剂3对高温气体降温和/或扑灭火焰，另一方面，流出的灭火剂3会进入防爆阀11内部，以降低电池1的温度，从而抑制电池的热失控。
电池1为硬壳电池(或称为罐型电池)，包括电极组件(未示出)、壳体、顶盖、防爆阀11以及极柱12。壳体的内部形成收容腔，以容纳电极组件和电解液。电极组件包括正极片、负极片以及将正极片和负极片间隔开的隔离膜。电极组件可以将正极片、负极片以及隔离膜卷绕成型或将正极片、负极片以及隔离膜层叠成型。正极片、负极片均包括集流体和设置在集流体上的活性物质层。
参照图4至图11，下板222包括：底壁222B；侧壁222C，从底壁222B的四周向上延伸出；以及凸缘222D，从侧壁222C的四周向外延伸出，凸缘222D固定连接于上板221的内表面。凸缘222D可通过螺钉连接、螺栓连接、铆接或胶粘连接等方式固定连接于上板221的内表面以密封固定。
下板222的材料可以选用熔点为200～500℃的材料，例如铝，以确保下板222在电池1热失控时能够及时被熔穿并泄出灭火剂3，使灭火剂3迅速流到失控区域，以抑制热失控。
图7是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第一实施例的立体图。图8是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第二实施例的立体图。图9是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第三实施例的立体图。图10是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第四实施例的 立体图。
参照图7至图10所示的实施例，为进一步确保下板222充分发挥作用，下板222设置有薄弱区222A，薄弱区222A与各电池1的防爆阀11相对。薄弱区222A的数量可以为一个或可以为多个，在图7所示的第一实施例中，下板222设置有一个薄弱区222A，覆盖所有电池1的防爆阀11形成的区域，无需设置多个薄弱区222A，以减少加工下板222的工序；在图8所示的第二实施例中，下板222设置有多个薄弱区222A，各薄弱区222A覆盖各电池1的防爆阀11形成的区域(为清楚起见，图8中仅示出了一部分薄弱区222A)，各防爆阀11对应的各薄弱区222A分隔开，可避免薄弱区222A易熔而使烧熔区域M可能扩散过大、灭火剂3泄出过多带来的不必要的浪费；在图9所示的第三实施例中，多个电池1成排设置，基于电池排V来在下板222上设置薄弱区222A，薄弱区222A在高度方向上覆盖各电池排V的所有防爆阀11形成的区域，薄弱区222A对应电池排V的排数不受限制、设置灵活，可以在下板222上多个薄弱区222A使一个薄弱区222A对应多排电池排V，根据具体需要来选择薄弱区222A的设置数量。如图10所示的第四实施例，薄弱区222A可设置有凹槽R以使薄弱区222A的厚度小于下板222的其它部位的厚度，以确保在发生热失控时，与发生热失控的电池1的防爆阀11对应的薄弱区222A在短时间内快速熔化并泄出灭火剂3。为保证薄弱区222A被顺利冲破，薄弱区222A沿其周边设置有刻痕(未示出)。通过凹槽R或刻痕的设置来以加强薄弱区222A的效果，从而确保下板222充分发挥作用。
图11是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第五实施例的立体图。
参照图11所示的第五实施例，上箱体22还包括分隔壁223，收容空间S由分隔壁223分隔成多个收容腔S1，各收容腔S1与各电池排V的电池1的防爆阀11相对，以分开管理，因各电池排V中的电池1之间发生热失控连锁反应的可能性最大，针对各电池排V分别在下板222设置对应的收容腔S1，使各收容腔S1中的灭火剂3主要应对对应电池排V的热失控，灭火剂3能够更快流到热失控区域。
图12是本发明的电池包的上箱体的第六实施例的立体图。
在图12所示的第六实施例中，上箱体22还可包括防火板224，设置于 上板221的内表面与灭火剂3之间，来延长电池1热失控时喷出的高温气体和/或火焰烧穿上板221前的这段时间，使灭火剂3有足够的时间来充分降温、灭火。也可通过设计使下板222的厚度小于上板221的厚度来实现。其中，防火板224可选自云母布，熔点高且耐高温。防火板224可固定于上板221的内表面。
灭火剂3可为干粉灭火剂或选择潜热大、比热容高、绝缘性好的灭火液等。
上面详细的说明描述多个示范性实施例，但本文不意欲限制到明确公开的组合。因此，除非另有说明，本文所公开的各种特征可以组合在一起而形成出于简明目的而未示出的多个另外组合。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池包，包括多个电池(1)和箱体(2)，
    多个电池(1)收容在箱体(2)内；
    各电池(1)包括防爆阀(11)；
    箱体(2)包括用于支撑电池(1)的下箱体(21)以及与下箱体(21)配合的上箱体(22)，
    上箱体(22)包括上板(221)以及下板(222)，下板(222)与上板(221)盖合并形成用于收容灭火剂(3)的收容空间(S)；
    各电池(1)的防爆阀(11)面对上箱体(22)的下板(222)，下板(222)设置成能够被熔化后泄出收容空间(S)中的灭火剂(3)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，下板(222)设置有薄弱区(222A)，薄弱区(222A)与各电池(1)的防爆阀(11)相对。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，多个电池(1)成排设置，下板(222)设置有薄弱区(222A)，薄弱区(222A)在高度方向上覆盖各电池排(V)的所有防爆阀(11)形成的区域。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池包，其特征在于，薄弱区(222A)设置有凹槽(R)以使薄弱区(222A)的厚度小于下板(222)的其它部位的厚度。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池包，其特征在于，薄弱区(222A)沿其周边设置有刻痕。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包，其特征在于，上箱体(22)还包括分隔壁(223)，收容空间(S)由分隔壁(223)分隔成多个收容腔(S1)，各收容腔(S1)与各电池排(V)的电池(1)的防爆阀(11)相对。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，上箱体(22)还包括防火板(224)，设置于上板(221)的内表面与灭火剂(3)之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池包，其特征在于，防火板(224)为云母板。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，下板(222)的厚度小于上板(221)的厚度。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，下板(222)包括：
    底壁(222B)；
    侧壁(222C)，从底壁(222B)的四周向上延伸出；以及
    凸缘(222D)，从侧壁(222C)的四周向外延伸出，凸缘(222D)固定连接于上板(221)的内表面。
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CN205542913U (zh) * 2016-01-29 2016-08-31 广东精进能源有限公司 一种安全防火散热铝壳电池模块
CN105810859A (zh) * 2016-05-24 2016-07-27 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种二次电池顶盖及二次电池

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CN112162207B (zh) * 2020-09-24 2021-09-07 浙江硕维轨道交通装备有限公司 一种列车蓄电池在线监测***
CN112402840A (zh) * 2020-11-13 2021-02-26 重庆金康动力新能源有限公司 电池包的灭火控制方法
CN112957636A (zh) * 2021-02-22 2021-06-15 江苏塔菲尔动力***有限公司 一种用于电池的灭火结构及封装方法
CN115411446A (zh) * 2022-10-13 2022-11-29 盐城师范学院 一种多重防护的锂离子电池及其防护方法
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