WO2020016621A1 - 走行支援方法及び走行支援装置 - Google Patents
走行支援方法及び走行支援装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020016621A1 WO2020016621A1 PCT/IB2018/000956 IB2018000956W WO2020016621A1 WO 2020016621 A1 WO2020016621 A1 WO 2020016621A1 IB 2018000956 W IB2018000956 W IB 2018000956W WO 2020016621 A1 WO2020016621 A1 WO 2020016621A1
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a driving support method and a driving support device.
- a vehicle control device has been known in which an external world recognition unit senses another vehicle surrounding space around another vehicle based on acquired information (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the surrounding space of the other vehicle is sensed on the assumption that another vehicle decelerates or changes lanes to a lane other than the own vehicle traveling lane.
- a method of changing the lane to the adjacent lane when the space around the other vehicle to be sensed is not sufficiently ensured. Therefore, in a scene in which the vehicle changes lanes to an adjacent lane on a road having an X-shaped junction or a plurality of lanes, the vehicle cannot change lanes if there is not enough space in the lane change destination of the vehicle. was there.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above problem, and in a scene where the own vehicle changes lanes to an adjacent lane, even if there is not a sufficient space area at the lane change destination of the own vehicle, another vehicle may It is an object of the present invention to be able to execute lane change of the own vehicle using a traveling area.
- the present disclosure includes a controller that performs lane change control for changing the lane to an adjacent lane in which the other vehicle runs around the own vehicle traveling in the own lane, And how to do it. Detects whether there is a lane change request to the adjacent lane of the vehicle, If the own vehicle is detected as having a lane change request, the presence or absence of a lane change intention toward the own lane of another vehicle traveling in the adjacent lane is detected, If it is detected that there is an intention to change lanes toward the own lane of another vehicle, the other vehicle that has the intention to change lanes is replaced with the target vehicle for the lane change, The position of the vacant area generated by the lane change of the target vehicle is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle.
- the other vehicle having the intention to change lanes is set as the target vehicle for the change lane change, and the position of the vacant area caused by the lane change of the target vehicle is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram illustrating an automatic driving control system to which a driving support method and a driving support device according to a first embodiment are applied.
- FIG. 3 is a control block diagram illustrating a lane change controller provided in the automatic driving control unit.
- FIG. 9 is an operation pattern diagram showing mutual operation patterns (A) to (F) in which the lane changing operation of the own vehicle and the target vehicle is changed and patterned. It is a flowchart which shows the whole flow of the lane change control process performed by the lane change controller provided in an automatic driving control unit. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the lane change operation
- FIG. 8 is an operation explanatory diagram showing an operation of determining a target vehicle for a change lane change and an operation of setting a lane change target of the own vehicle when another vehicle having a lane change intention exists on an adjacent lane on a road having an X-shaped junction. is there.
- FIG. 8 is an operation explanatory diagram showing an operation of determining a target vehicle for a change lane change and an operation of setting a lane change target of the own vehicle when there are three other vehicles having an intention to change lanes in a road having an X-shaped junction in an adjacent lane; is there.
- FIG. 8 is an operation explanatory diagram showing an operation of determining a target vehicle for a change lane change and an operation of setting a lane change target of the own vehicle when there are three other vehicles having an intention to change lanes in a road having an X-shaped junction in an adjacent lane; is there.
- FIG. 9 is an operation explanatory diagram showing a lane change operation determining operation for selecting an inter-operation pattern based on the congestion degree of the own lane and an adjacent lane on a road having a plurality of lanes.
- FIG. 9 is an operation explanatory diagram showing a lane change operation determining operation for selecting an interoperation pattern according to a degree of risk on a road having a plurality of lanes.
- FIG. 9 is an operation explanatory diagram illustrating a time difference determination operation of determining a time difference between a lane change start time of the subject vehicle and a target vehicle when a risk degree is higher than a threshold value on a road having a plurality of lanes.
- the driving support method and the driving support device use an autonomous driving vehicle (driving) in which driving / braking / steering angles are automatically controlled by selecting an autonomous driving mode using driving route information generated by an autonomous driving control unit.
- driving driving
- braking steering angles
- driving route information generated by an autonomous driving control unit This is applied to an example of a support vehicle.
- the configuration of the first embodiment will be described by dividing it into “overall system configuration”, “control block configuration of lane change controller”, “overall lane change control processing configuration”, and “lane change operation determination processing configuration”.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an automatic driving control system to which the driving support method and the driving support device according to the first embodiment are applied.
- the overall system configuration will be described with reference to FIG. 1
- the automatic driving system A includes an on-vehicle sensor 1, a map data storage unit 2, an external data communication device 3, an automatic driving control unit 4, an actuator 5, and a display device 6.
- the vehicle-mounted sensor 1 includes a camera 11, a radar 12, a GPS 13, and a vehicle-mounted data communication device 14.
- the sensor information obtained by the on-vehicle sensor 1 is output to the automatic operation control unit 4.
- the camera 11 is a surrounding recognition sensor that realizes, as a function required for automatic driving, a function of acquiring surrounding information of the own vehicle such as a lane, a preceding vehicle, or a pedestrian, using image data.
- the camera 11 is configured by combining, for example, a front recognition camera, a rear recognition camera, a right recognition camera, and a left recognition camera of the own vehicle.
- objects on the own vehicle traveling road lanes, objects outside the own vehicle traveling road (road structures, preceding vehicles, following vehicles, oncoming vehicles, surrounding vehicles, pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles), own vehicle traveling roads (road white lines) , Road boundaries, stop lines, pedestrian crossings) and road signs (speed limit) are detected.
- the radar 12 is a distance measuring sensor that realizes, as functions required for automatic driving, a function of detecting the presence of an object around the own vehicle and a function of detecting a distance to an object around the own vehicle.
- the “radar 12” is a general term including a radar using radio waves, a rider using light, and a sonar using ultrasonic waves.
- a laser radar, a millimeter-wave radar, an ultrasonic radar, a laser range finder, or the like can be used.
- the radar 12 is configured by combining, for example, a forward radar, a backward radar, a right radar, a left radar, and the like of the own vehicle.
- the radar 12 detects the positions of objects on the own vehicle traveling road and objects outside the own vehicle traveling road (road structures, preceding vehicles, following vehicles, oncoming vehicles, surrounding vehicles, pedestrians, bicycles, two-wheeled vehicles), and the like. The distance to the object is detected. If the viewing angle is insufficient, it may be added as appropriate.
- the GPS 13 is a host vehicle position sensor that has a GNSS antenna 13a and detects the position (latitude / longitude) of the stopped / running host vehicle by using satellite communication.
- GNSS is an abbreviation for “Global Navigation Satellite System: Global Navigation Satellite System”
- GPS is an abbreviation for “Global Positioning System: Global Positioning System”.
- the in-vehicle data communication device 14 is an external data sensor that performs wireless communication with the external data communication device 3 via the transmission / reception antennas 3a and 14a to acquire information that cannot be acquired by the vehicle from outside. .
- the external data communication device 3 performs inter-vehicle communication between the own vehicle and another vehicle, for example, in the case of a data communication device mounted on another vehicle traveling around the own vehicle.
- inter-vehicle communication information necessary for the own vehicle can be obtained by a request from the on-vehicle data communication device 14 among various information held by other vehicles.
- the external data communication device 3 performs infrastructure communication between the vehicle and the infrastructure equipment.
- information necessary for the own vehicle can be obtained by a request from the on-vehicle data communication device 14 among various information held by the infrastructure equipment.
- the missing information / change information can be supplemented.
- traffic information such as traffic congestion information and travel regulation information on a target travel route on which the vehicle is scheduled to travel can be obtained.
- the map data storage unit 2 is constituted by an in-vehicle memory storing so-called electronic map data in which latitude and longitude are associated with map information.
- the map data stored in the map data storage unit 2 is high-precision map data having at least a level of accuracy at which each lane can be recognized on a road having a plurality of lanes. By using this high-precision map data, it is possible to draw a target traveling route indicating which lane the vehicle runs in a plurality of lanes in automatic driving.
- high-precision map data centered on the vehicle position is stored in the automatic driving control unit 4 from the map data storage unit 2. Sent to 4.
- the high-precision map data has road information associated with each point, and the road information is defined by nodes and links connecting the nodes.
- the road information includes information for specifying a road based on the position / area of the road, a road type for each road, a lane width for each road, and road shape information.
- the road information is stored in association with the information on the position of the intersection, the approach direction of the intersection, the type of the intersection, and other intersections for each identification information of each road link.
- the road information includes, for each piece of identification information of each road link, a road type, a lane width, a road shape, whether to go straight, a priority relationship for traveling, whether to pass (whether to enter an adjacent lane), a speed limit, and a sign. , And other road-related information.
- the automatic driving control unit 4 has a function of integrating input information from the in-vehicle sensor 1 and the map data storage unit 2 to generate a target traveling route and a target vehicle speed profile (including an acceleration profile and a deceleration profile). That is, a target travel route based on the travel lane level from the current location to the destination is generated based on the high-accuracy map data from the map data storage unit 2 and a predetermined route search method, and the target vehicle speed along the target travel route is determined. Generate profiles etc.
- the target traveling is performed based on the sensing result of the surroundings of the own vehicle.
- the route, the target vehicle speed profile, and the like are sequentially corrected.
- the automatic driving control unit 4 calculates a drive command value / brake command value / steering angle command value so as to travel along the target travel route, and sends the calculated command value to each actuator. Output to drive / stop the own vehicle along the target travel route. Specifically, the calculation result of the drive command value is output to the drive actuator 51, the calculation result of the brake command value is output to the brake actuator 52, and the calculation result of the steering angle command value is output to the steering angle actuator 53.
- the actuator 5 is a control actuator for traveling / stopping the own vehicle along the target traveling route, and includes a driving actuator 51, a braking actuator 52, and a steering angle actuator 53.
- the drive actuator 51 is an actuator that receives a drive command value from the automatic operation control unit 4 and controls a drive force output to drive wheels.
- an engine is used for an engine vehicle
- an engine and a motor / generator (powering) are used for a hybrid vehicle
- a motor / generator (powering) is used for an electric vehicle.
- the braking actuator 52 is an actuator that receives a braking command value from the automatic driving control unit 4 and controls a braking force that is output to driving wheels.
- a hydraulic booster for example, a hydraulic booster, an electric booster, a brake hydraulic actuator, a brake motor actuator, a motor / generator (regeneration), or the like is used.
- the steering angle actuator 53 is an actuator that inputs a steering angle command value from the automatic driving control unit 4 and controls the steered angle of the steered wheels.
- a steering motor or the like provided in a steering force transmission system of the steering system is used.
- the display device 6 is a device that displays on a screen where the vehicle is moving on a map while the vehicle is stopped / running by automatic driving, and provides visual information of the vehicle position to a driver or an occupant.
- the display device 6 inputs target travel route information, own vehicle position information, destination information, and the like generated by the automatic driving control unit 4, and displays a map, a road, and a target travel route (the travel route of the own vehicle) on a display screen. ), The vehicle position, the destination, and the like are displayed in an easily recognizable manner.
- the automatic driving control unit 4 of the automatic driving system A includes a lane change based on a predetermined control rule when the own vehicle traveling in the own lane changes lanes to an adjacent lane in which another vehicle runs around the own vehicle.
- a lane change controller 40 (controller) for performing control is provided.
- FIG. 2 shows a lane change controller 40 provided in the automatic driving control unit 4.
- a control block configuration of the lane change controller 40 will be described based on FIG.
- the lane change controller 40 includes a lane change request detection unit 40a, a lane change intention detection unit 40b, a lane change target setting unit 40c, a lane change operation determination unit 40d, a lane change control unit 40e, and a discriminator 40f. It has.
- the lane change request detecting unit 40a detects whether or not there is a lane change request to the adjacent lane of the own vehicle.
- the detection of the lane change request to the lane adjacent to the own vehicle is performed using, for example, the following detection methods (a) and (b).
- (B) Detecting that a command to change lanes is output by the automatic driving control unit 4 (system request). For example, a flag signal output when a lane change is determined may be detected, or a lane change to an adjacent lane may be detected from the target travel route calculated by the automatic driving control unit 4. Is also good.
- the lane change intention detecting unit 40b detects whether or not the own vehicle has an intention to change lanes toward the own lane of another vehicle traveling in the adjacent lane when the own vehicle is detected as having a lane change request.
- the detection of another vehicle having the intention to change lanes is performed using, for example, the following detection methods (a) to (d).
- A Detected by another vehicle lighting the blinker.
- B Detect the behavior of another vehicle heading toward the own lane, and detect that preparation for lane change has started.
- C Detected when another vehicle accelerates / decelerates toward the inter-vehicle space of the vehicle traveling in the own lane.
- D Detected by inputting information that another vehicle is scheduled to change lanes by inter-vehicle communication between the own vehicle and another vehicle.
- Vehicles that perform inter-vehicle communication are limited to vehicles that have a shorter arrival time at another vehicle position than a predicted dead point arrival time at which the vehicle arrives at the dead point, among a plurality of vehicles traveling in the adjacent lane.
- the “dead point” refers to an end point that exists in front of the own vehicle and must complete the lane change when the own vehicle changes lanes to an adjacent lane.
- the lane change target setting unit 40c When the lane change target setting unit 40c detects that there is a lane change intention toward the own lane of another vehicle, the lane change target setting unit 40c sets the other vehicle having the lane change intention as a target vehicle for the replacement lane change, and generates an empty space caused by the target vehicle lane change.
- the position of the area is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle.
- the relative position of the target vehicle with respect to the own vehicle is detected, and the relative position of the target vehicle with respect to the own vehicle is set as the position of the empty area, and the lane change target of the own vehicle is set.
- the position of the vacant area refers to the existing position of the target vehicle where the vacant area is created by changing the lane of the target vehicle before the target vehicle changes lanes. In this case, it indicates the position of an empty area generated when the target vehicle leaves the adjacent lane. Therefore, the "vacant area position" is determined before the start of the lane change and while the subject vehicle and the subject vehicle are running in the same lane, by detecting the relative position of the subject vehicle with respect to the subject vehicle. The relative position where the target vehicle exists with respect to the vehicle is set as the position of the empty area, and the lane change target of the own vehicle is set. That is, since the “position of the empty area” includes the position of the target vehicle with respect to the own vehicle that is not actually an empty area, the relative position of the target vehicle with respect to the own vehicle is detected instead of detecting the empty space. .
- the lane change operation determining unit 40d determines the mutual operation of changing lanes between the own vehicle and the target vehicle when the target lane change of the own vehicle is set. Basically, the lane changing operation of switching between the own vehicle and the target vehicle is previously patterned and classified into the following interoperation patterns (A) to (F). Then, one of the inter-operation patterns (A) to (F) classified according to various judgment conditions is selected, and the inter-operation of changing lanes between the own vehicle and the target vehicle is determined.
- V1 is the own vehicle
- V2 is the target vehicle.
- A The lane change of the own vehicle V1 is started before the target vehicle V2 and before the target vehicle V2.
- B The lane change of the own vehicle V1 is started in front of the target vehicle V2 and simultaneously with the target vehicle V2.
- C The lane change of the own vehicle V1 is started before the target vehicle V2 and after the target vehicle V2.
- D The lane change of the own vehicle V1 is started behind the target vehicle V2 and earlier than the target vehicle V2.
- E The lane change of the host vehicle V1 is started behind the target vehicle V2 and simultaneously with the target vehicle V2.
- F The lane change of the own vehicle V1 is started behind the target vehicle V2 and after the target vehicle V2.
- the lane change control unit 40e When the lane change operation determining unit 40d determines that the lane change operation is to be performed between the subject vehicle and the subject vehicle, the lane change control unit 40e performs the determined lane change operation. The lane change operation is controlled.
- the classification result of the surrounding environment including the subject vehicle and the subject vehicle is stored and stored for each of the selected interaction patterns (A) to (F). .
- the lane change operation determination unit 40d determines that the surrounding environment at that time matches any of the classification results obtained by learning.
- the interoperation pattern is read out from the discriminator 40f and selected.
- FIG. 4 shows an overall flow of the lane change control process executed by the lane change controller 40 provided in the automatic driving control unit 4. Hereinafter, each step of FIG. 4 will be described.
- step S1 following the start, it is determined whether or not the own vehicle has a lane change request from the own lane to an adjacent lane. If YES (the lane change request of the own vehicle is present), the process proceeds to step S2, and if NO (no lane change request of the own vehicle), the process proceeds to the end.
- step S2 following the determination in step S1 that there is a request to change the lane of the own vehicle, other vehicles (one or more) around the own vehicle traveling in the adjacent lane and intending to change lanes. It is determined whether or not exists. If YES (there is another vehicle that has a lane change intention), the process proceeds to step S3; if NO (there is no other vehicle that has a lane change intention), the process proceeds to the end.
- step S3 following the determination in step S2 that there is another vehicle with a lane change intention, it is determined whether there is one other vehicle with a lane change intention. In the case of YES (one other vehicle), the flow proceeds to step S6, and in the case of NO (two or more other vehicles), the flow proceeds to step S4.
- step S4 following the determination in step S3 that there are a plurality of other vehicles that intend to change lanes, a lane change risk value is calculated for each of the plurality of other vehicles, and the process proceeds to step S5.
- La the inter-vehicle distance of the own lane traveling vehicle
- Lo the inter-vehicle distance of the adjacent lane traveling vehicle
- Sa the vehicle speed of the own lane traveling vehicle
- So the vehicle speed of the adjacent lane traveling vehicle
- Pa the vehicle position of the own lane traveling vehicle
- Po The position of the vehicle traveling in the adjacent lane.
- the function formula of the lane change risk value R is set such that the larger the inter-vehicle distance, the lower the lane change risk value R, and the lower the vehicle speed, the lower the lane change risk value R. The smaller the number is, the lower the lane change risk value R is.
- step S5 following the calculation of the lane change risk value in step S3, the other vehicle with the lowest risk value is selected from among the lane change risk values of a plurality of other vehicles that intend to change lanes, and the process proceeds to step S6.
- step S6 following the determination in step S3 that there is only one other vehicle, or the selection of another vehicle having the lowest risk value in step S5, one other vehicle or the lowest risk value is selected.
- the other vehicle is determined as the target vehicle for the change lane change, and the process proceeds to step S7.
- step S7 following the determination of the target vehicle for the change lane change in step S6, the position (relative position) of the empty area of the adjacent lane caused by the lane change of the target vehicle is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle, and the process proceeds to step S8. move on.
- the target vehicle since the “lane change target” is a position (relative position) of an empty area in an adjacent lane caused by a lane change of the running target vehicle, the target vehicle does not have a fixed target position. Becomes a variable target position in which the relative positional relationship with the own vehicle moves with the passage of time following the lane change operation.
- step S8 following the lane change target setting of the own vehicle in step S7, the lane changing operation between the own vehicle and the target vehicle is determined according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, and the process proceeds to step S9.
- step S9 following the determination of the lane change operation in step S8 or the determination in step S10 that the lane change has not been completed, the lane change control is executed according to the determined lane change operation, and the process proceeds to step S10. .
- step S10 following the execution of the lane change control in step S9, it is determined whether or not the lane change between the own vehicle and the target vehicle has been completed. If YES (the lane change is completed), the process proceeds to the end, and if NO (the lane change is not completed), the process returns to the step S9.
- FIG. 5 shows a flow of the lane change operation determination process executed in the lane change operation determination step S8 of the lane change control process. Hereinafter, each step of FIG. 5 will be described.
- step S801 following the start of the lane change operation determination process, a predicted dead point arrival time required for the vehicle to reach the dead point is calculated, and it is determined whether the predicted dead point arrival time is equal to or less than a threshold. If YES (dead point arrival predicted time ⁇ threshold), the process proceeds to step S802; if NO (dead point arrival predicted time> threshold), the process proceeds to step S803.
- the “dead point” is, for example, “DP” shown in FIG.
- a branch point that divides into two roads is a dead point.
- the “dead point arrival predicted time” is calculated based on the vehicle speed of the own vehicle, the position of the own vehicle, and the distance from the dead point to the dead point.
- the dead point arrival predicted time ⁇ .
- the “threshold value” is set to a value based on the minimum required time for changing the replacement lane according to the selected pattern when any of the interaction patterns (A) to (F) is selected. In other words, if it is determined that the dead point arrival predicted time ⁇ the threshold, it means that there is no time to select one of the interaction patterns (A) to (F) and change the lane to be replaced by the selected pattern. I do.
- step S802 following the determination that the dead point arrival predicted time ⁇ the threshold in S801, the lane change of the own vehicle is immediately performed instead of the pattern operation without selecting any of the interaction patterns (A) to (F). Start.
- step S803 following the determination that the estimated dead point arrival time> the threshold value in S801, it is determined whether an object (a running vehicle, a stopped vehicle, or the like) exists in the front-rear direction between the own vehicle and the target vehicle. In the case of YES (there is no object in the front-back direction), the flow proceeds to step S804, and in the case of NO (the presence of an object in the front-rear direction), the flow proceeds to step S805.
- an object a running vehicle, a stopped vehicle, or the like
- step S804 following the determination in S803 that there is no object in the front-rear direction, the vehicle speed change from the current vehicle speed of the own vehicle when the exchange lane change is performed is determined by each of the patterns (A) to (F). Is calculated, and the interaction pattern with the smallest vehicle speed change is selected.
- step S805 following the determination in S803 that there is an object in the front-rear direction, the surrounding environment of the vehicle traveling in the own lane and the vehicle traveling in the adjacent lane at that time is one of the learned classification results. It is determined whether or not it conforms to. In the case of YES (matching the classification result), the process proceeds to step S806, and in case of NO (not matching the classification result), the process proceeds to step S807.
- the “learned classification result” refers to a classification result of the surrounding environment including the subject vehicle and the subject vehicle stored in the discriminator 40f every time the subject vehicle experiences a lane change between the subject vehicle and the subject vehicle.
- step S806 following the determination that the classification result matches the classification result in S805, a pattern corresponding to the determined classification result is selected.
- the pattern corresponding to the determined classification result is selected by reading from the discriminator 40f in which the classification result of the surrounding environment is stored together with one selected pattern from the interaction patterns (A) to (F). Is done.
- step S807 following the determination that the classification result does not match the classification result in S805, it is determined whether the adjacent lane is more congested than the own lane. If YES (the adjacent lane is more congested), the process proceeds to step S808; if NO (the adjacent lane is less congested), the process proceeds to step S811.
- the congestion degree of the own lane and the adjacent lane is set within a range where the congestion determination section having the same distance as the target lane change target including the own vehicle and the target vehicle can be detected by the on-vehicle sensor 1. . Then, the congestion degree of the own lane is calculated based on the number of vehicles existing in the congestion determination section of the own lane, and the congestion degree of the adjacent lane is calculated based on the number of vehicles existing in the congestion determination section of the adjacent lane. If the difference between the congestion degree of the adjacent lane and the congestion degree of the own lane is equal to or larger than the threshold value, it is determined that the adjacent lane is more congested.
- step S808 following the determination in S807 that the adjacent lane is more congested, it is determined whether or not the own vehicle is ahead of the target vehicle. If YES (the vehicle is before the target vehicle), the process proceeds to step S809; if NO (the vehicle is after the target vehicle), the process proceeds to step S810.
- step S809 following the determination in step S808 that the own vehicle is ahead of the target vehicle, an interactive operation pattern (C) is selected from the interactive operation patterns (A) to (F) shown in FIG.
- step S810 following the determination in S808 that the own vehicle is later than the target vehicle, the interactive operation pattern (F) is selected from the interactive operation patterns (A) to (F) shown in FIG.
- step S811 following the determination in S807 that the adjacent lane is less congested, it is determined whether the own lane is more congested than the adjacent lane. If YES (the traffic lane is more congested), the flow proceeds to step S812; if NO (the traffic lane is less congested), the flow proceeds to step S815.
- the difference between the congestion degree of the own lane and the congestion degree of the adjacent lane is equal to or larger than the threshold value, it is determined that the own lane is more congested.
- step S812 following the determination in S811 that the own lane is more congested, it is determined whether the own vehicle is ahead of the target vehicle. If YES (the vehicle is before the target vehicle), the process proceeds to step S813, and if NO (the vehicle is after the target vehicle), the process proceeds to step S814.
- step S813 following the determination in S812 that the own vehicle is ahead of the target vehicle, the interactive operation pattern (A) is selected from the interactive operation patterns (A) to (F) shown in FIG.
- step S814 following the determination in S812 that the own vehicle is later than the target vehicle, the interactive operation pattern (D) is selected from the interactive operation patterns (A) to (F) shown in FIG.
- step S815 following the determination in S811 that the own lane is less congested, a lane change risk value is calculated for each of the interaction patterns (A) to (F) shown in FIG. 3, and the process proceeds to step S816. move on.
- step S816 following the calculation of the lane change risk value in S815, the minimum value of the lane change risk values is selected for each of the interaction patterns (A) to (F), and the selected minimum risk value is equal to or greater than the threshold value. Is determined. If YES (risk value ⁇ threshold), the process proceeds to step S817, and if NO (risk value ⁇ threshold), the process proceeds to step S818.
- the patterns (B) and (E) are selected as the mutual operation patterns with the minimum lane change risk value R, they are excluded from the target of determination as to whether or not the risk value ⁇ the threshold value. That is, when the patterns (A), (C), (D), and (F) that cause the lane change start times of the own vehicle and the target vehicle to be different are selected, it is determined whether or not the risk value ⁇ the threshold value.
- step S817 following the determination that the risk value ⁇ the threshold value in S816, the time difference between the lane change start time of the target vehicle and the lane change start time of the own vehicle is corrected from a preset reference time, Proceed to step S818.
- correction of time difference means that when the lane change risk value R ⁇ the threshold value, the time difference between the lane change start time of the target vehicle and the lane change start time of the own vehicle increases as the lane change risk value R increases. Set to a short time difference.
- step S8108 following the determination that the risk value is smaller than the threshold value in S816 or the correction of the time difference in S817, the lane change risk value R of the interaction patterns (A) to (F) is set to the minimum value. Is selected.
- the device described in Patent Document 1 performs lane change if there is not enough space to interrupt the adjacent lane due to the lane change. Can't do it.
- FIG. 6 when a plurality of other vehicles are running at approximately equal intervals on the lane adjacent to the own vehicle on a road having an X-shaped junction, it is sufficient that the own vehicle interrupts due to a lane change. Space is not secured, and lanes cannot be changed. Also, if the vehicle stops to change lanes and waits for a sufficient space to cut in, it becomes an obstacle for the following vehicle traveling in the own lane and causes traffic congestion.
- the present disclosure is made by paying attention to the above problem, and detects the presence or absence of a lane change request to the adjacent lane L2 of the own vehicle V1. If it is detected that the own vehicle V1 has the lane change request, the adjacent lane L2 is detected. Is detected, the presence or absence of the intention to change lanes toward the own lane L1 of the other vehicle V4 traveling on the vehicle is detected. When it is detected that there is an intention to change lanes toward the own lane L1 of the other vehicle V4, the other vehicle V4 having an intention to change lanes is set as a target vehicle V2 to be replaced. Then, a lane change control method is adopted in which the position (relative position) of the empty area caused by the lane change of the target vehicle V2 is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle V1.
- the own vehicle V1 is located at a position of an empty area generated by the lane change of the target vehicle V2 in the adjacent lane L2 (an empty area that is moved between the other vehicle V4-2 and the other vehicle V4-3 by traveling).
- the relative position is set as the lane change target, and the lane is changed to the adjacent lane L2 as shown by the arrow extending from the own vehicle V1 in FIG.
- the other vehicle having the intention to change lanes is set as the target vehicle V2 for the change lane change, and the position (relative position) of the empty area caused by the lane change of the target vehicle V2 is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle V1. .
- the target vehicle V2 to change lanes to the own lane L1
- the lane can be changed to the position. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, on a road having an X-shaped junction, a plurality of other vehicles V4 are traveling at substantially equal intervals in the adjacent lane L2 where the vehicle V1 requests lane change. In the case of a scene, a sufficient space for the own vehicle V1 to interrupt due to a lane change is not secured.
- the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 can change lanes by swapping. This also eliminates the need to stop until the host vehicle V1 stops to perform a lane change and a sufficient space to interrupt the adjacent lane L2 is secured. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the following vehicle running on the own lane L1 from becoming an obstacle and causing traffic congestion, and the lane change does not become a hindrance to traffic flow. Further, fuel consumption of the vehicle V1 can also be suppressed. Further, the stress applied to the occupant of the vehicle V1 can be reduced.
- the target vehicle candidate when there is a lane change request for the own vehicle V1, the target vehicle candidate by turning on one blinker and three other vehicles V4-1, V4-2, V4-3 in the adjacent lane.
- one target vehicle candidate is determined as the target vehicle V2.
- the position (relative position) of the empty area formed between the other vehicle V4-2 and the other vehicle V4-3 in the adjacent lane L2 caused by the lane change of the target vehicle V2 is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle V1. Is set.
- the target vehicle candidates V2-1 and V2 are set so that the adjacent lanes are two other vehicles V4-1 and V4-2 and three blinkers are turned on.
- the target vehicle candidate V2-2 having the lowest lane change risk value R is determined as the target vehicle V2.
- the position (relative position) of the free area formed between the other vehicle V4-2 and the target vehicle candidate V2-3 in the adjacent lane L2 caused by the lane change of the target vehicle V2 is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle V1. Is set to
- the target vehicle candidate V2-2 having the lowest lane change risk value R is determined as the target vehicle V2. For this reason, in a scene in which the lane change between the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 is performed, the lane change can be smoothly performed with sufficient space and time.
- the lane change of the own vehicle V1 is started immediately, and The exchange lane change of the car V2 can be performed.
- the interaction pattern of the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 is treated as an exception of the specified rules divided into the patterns (A) to (F). You can change lanes.
- the pattern in which the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 are switched and the lane is changed is defined separately for the mutual operation patterns (A) to (F)
- Any of the patterns (A) to (F) can be selected.
- the vehicle speed of the own vehicle V1 may need to be shifted from deceleration to acceleration, or it may be necessary to shift from acceleration to deceleration.
- the change in the vehicle speed of the own vehicle V1 due to the change lane change can be suppressed to a small value by selecting the interaction pattern with the smallest change in the vehicle speed. .
- the mutual operation pattern of the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 is specified separately for the patterns (A) to (F)
- the lane is switched. The change in the vehicle speed of the own vehicle V1 due to the change can be reduced.
- the lane change risk value R for all of the patterns (A) to (F) is defined. Is calculated and the pattern of the minimum risk value is selected, the calculation becomes cumbersome.
- the interoperation patterns (A) to (F) are separately defined and can be used for learning control.
- the classification result of the surrounding environment including the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 and the interaction pattern selected for each classification result are stored in the discriminator 40f. It can be stored and saved.
- the learning result is used for selecting the mutual operation pattern between the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2, and thus the operation pattern is obtained. Can be easily performed in a short time.
- the target vehicle V2 first escapes by changing lanes to secure an empty area, and then the own vehicle V1 enters the empty area by changing lanes. Then, it is possible to smoothly change lanes. That is, when the pattern in which the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 are switched and the lane is changed is defined separately for the interaction patterns (A) to (F), (A), (A) The patterns B), (D), and (E) are excluded.
- the mutual operation pattern (C) is selected.
- the mutual operation pattern (F) is selected as shown in FIG. I have. Therefore, by starting the lane change of the own vehicle V1 at a position behind the target vehicle V2 and after the target vehicle V2, the target vehicle V2 first passes through the lane change to secure an empty area. The lane change is made smoothly.
- the own vehicle V1 exits from the congested own lane L1 by changing lanes, and thereafter, the target vehicle V2 changes to the own lane V1 due to changing lanes. If an empty area is secured, the change lane can be changed smoothly. That is, when the pattern in which the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 change lanes and are changed is specified separately for the mutual operation patterns (A) to (F), (B) and (B) of the patterns (A) to (F) are defined. The patterns C), (E), and (F) are excluded.
- the mutual operation pattern (A) is selected.
- the mutual operation pattern (D) is selected.
- the minimum value among the lane change risk values R is selected for each of the interaction patterns (A) to (F), and it is determined whether or not the selected minimum risk value R is equal to or greater than a threshold value. If the determination in S816 is that the lane change risk value ⁇ the threshold value, the process proceeds from S816 to S818, and in S818, the interaction pattern in which the lane change risk value R of the interaction patterns (A) to (F) is the minimum value. Is selected.
- any one of the patterns (A) to (F) is selected.
- a lane change risk value R is calculated for each of the mutual operation patterns (A) to (F), and the smallest one of the calculated lane change risk values R (A) to R (F) is determined. I have to choose.
- the lane change success probability is determined when the mutual operation pattern of the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 is specified separately for patterns (A) to (F). The changed lane can be changed.
- the inter-vehicle distance La of the own vehicle traveling in the own lane increases, but the distance between adjacent vehicles increases.
- the inter-vehicle distance Lo of the lane-running vehicle is reduced.
- the mutual operation pattern (F) when the own vehicle V1 is behind the target vehicle V2, the inter-vehicle distance La of the own lane traveling vehicle becomes the mutual operation pattern (D). It becomes narrower than when it is selected. However, the inter-vehicle distance Lo of the vehicle traveling in the adjacent lane becomes wider than when the mutual operation pattern (D) is selected.
- the lane change risk value R is obtained because the length of the arrow due to the lane change between the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 is short and the distance between the vehicles is averaged. Is selected, the interaction pattern (F) in which is small.
- the relationship that the lane change risk value R increases when the moving distance (the length of the arrow in FIG. 10) of the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 due to the lane change is long, and the lane change risk value R increases when the distance between the vehicles is small. It is in.
- the process proceeds from S816 to S817 ⁇ S818, and in S817, the time difference between the lane change start time of target vehicle V2 and the lane change start time of host vehicle V1 is determined. Is corrected from a preset reference time.
- S818 an interaction pattern in which the lane change risk value R has the minimum value is selected from the interaction patterns (A) to (F).
- the lane change risk value R itself is changed as shown in the left part of FIG. Let it be a low value. In this case, the lane change success probability is increased even if the time difference between the lane change start time of the target vehicle V2 and the lane change start time of the own vehicle V1 is set to a preset reference time (for example, about 2.0 sec). Can be.
- the time difference between the lane change start times is shortened, thereby increasing the lane change success probability. Changes can be made.
- the correction of the time difference is limited to when the patterns (A), (C), (D), and (F) are selected from the mutual operation patterns (A) to (F).
- the driving support method and the driving support device according to the first embodiment have the following effects.
- a traveling support method including a controller (lane change controller 40) that performs lane change control in which the own vehicle V1 traveling on the own lane L1 changes lanes to an adjacent lane L2 around which the other vehicle V4 travels.
- the vehicle V1 detects whether there is a lane change request to the adjacent lane L2, When it is detected that the own vehicle V1 has a lane change request, the presence or absence of a lane change intention of the other vehicle V4 traveling in the adjacent lane L2 toward the own lane L1 is detected.
- the other vehicle V4 having an intention to change lanes is set as a target vehicle V2 to be replaced with a lane change
- the position of the empty area caused by the lane change of the target vehicle V2 is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle V1 (FIG. 6).
- the other vehicle V4 having the intention to change lanes is set as the target vehicle V2 for the replacement lane change, and the position of the vacant area caused by the lane change of the target vehicle V2 is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle V1.
- the target vehicle V2 to change lanes to the own lane L1 It is possible to provide a driving support method capable of changing lanes to the position. That is, even if the vacant area for changing lanes to the adjacent lane L2 is small, the lane can be changed to the vacant area caused by the lane change of the target vehicle V2.
- the relative position of the target vehicle V2 with respect to the host vehicle V1 is set as the lane change target of the host vehicle V1 as the position of the empty area (FIG. 2).
- the position of the area can be detected. Therefore, even when the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 are running, it is possible to set the position of the empty area that will be generated by the lane change of the target vehicle V2 as the lane change target.
- the other vehicle V4 having the lowest lane change risk value R is set as a target vehicle V2 to be replaced with a lane change (FIG. 8).
- the target vehicle candidate having the lowest lane change risk value R is determined as the target vehicle V2.
- the position of the own vehicle V1 is set to the front position or the rear position of the target vehicle V2, and the lane is replaced in a state where the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 are in a positional relationship shifted in the front-rear direction.
- Initiate the change (FIG. 3).
- the change lane change is started.
- the lane change interaction between the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 is divided into six interaction patterns (A) to (F).
- one of the mutual operation patterns (A) to (F) is selected to determine the lane change operation of the own vehicle V1 (FIG. 3).
- the lane change is divided into six interaction patterns (A) to (F) in advance.
- the process of determining the interaction pattern between the vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 for each scene can be omitted, and the calculation processing load during traveling can be reduced. Can be reduced.
- the probability of selecting the mutual action pattern (A) or (D) is increased ( (Fig. 5).
- the (A) or (D) interactive operation pattern is selected. The lane change is made smoothly.
- the mutual operation pattern of the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 is defined separately as patterns (A) to (F)
- appropriate pattern selection is performed. It is possible to smoothly change lanes.
- An identifier 40f is provided to store the classification result of the surrounding environment including the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 for each selected interaction pattern when experiencing the lane change of the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2.
- the interactive operation pattern at the determined classification result is identified from the discriminator 40f. Read and select (FIG. 2). In this way, every time the vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 undergo the change lane change, the classification result of the surrounding environment including the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 and the interaction selected for each classification result are provided to the discriminator 40f. Save the pattern.
- the learning result is used for selecting the mutual operation pattern between the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2, and thus the operation pattern is obtained. Can be easily performed in a short time.
- Dead point D which is a limit position at which lane change of own vehicle V1 is possible. If the estimated dead point arrival time up to P is equal to or less than the threshold, the lane change of the own vehicle V1 is started without selecting the mutual operation pattern (FIG. 5). As described above, when it is determined that the predicted dead point arrival time ⁇ the threshold value, the lane change of the own vehicle V1 is started immediately. As a result, in a scene in which the estimated dead point arrival time ⁇ the threshold, the interaction pattern of the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 is treated as an exception of the specified rules divided into the patterns (A) to (F). You can change lanes.
- a travel support device including a controller (lane change controller 40) that performs lane change control for changing the lane to the adjacent lane L2 where the other vehicle V4 around the own vehicle travels.
- the controller (lane change controller 40)
- a lane change request detection unit 40a for detecting whether or not a lane change request has been made to the adjacent lane L2 of the own vehicle V1, and a self-vehicle of another vehicle V4 running in the adjacent lane L2 when the own vehicle V1 is detected to have a lane change request.
- a lane change intention detection unit 40b that detects whether or not there is a lane change intention toward the lane L1; When it is detected that there is an intention to change lanes toward the own lane L1 of the other vehicle V4, the other vehicle V4 having an intention to change lanes is set as a target vehicle V2 to be replaced with a lane change, And a lane change target setting unit 40c that sets a position of an empty area caused by a lane change of the target vehicle V2 as a lane change target of the own vehicle V1 (FIG. 2).
- the other vehicle V4 having the intention to change lanes is set as the target vehicle V2 for the replacement lane change, and the position of the vacant area caused by the lane change of the target vehicle V2 is set as the lane change target of the own vehicle V1.
- the target vehicle V2 to change lanes to the own lane L1 Can be provided.
- the lane change operation determining unit 40d divides the lane change interaction between the own vehicle V1 and the target vehicle V2 into six interaction patterns (A) to (F).
- the lane change target of the own vehicle V1 is set, an example is shown in which one of the mutual operation patterns (A) to (F) is selected to determine the lane change operation of the own vehicle V1.
- the lane change operation determining unit does not divide the lane change operation between the own vehicle and the target vehicle into the six interaction patterns (A) to (F). An example in which the operation is determined may be used.
- the lane change operation determining unit 40d when the adjacent lane L2 on which the target vehicle V2 runs is more congested than the own lane L1 on which the host vehicle V1 runs, (C) or (F) Select an interaction pattern.
- the lane change operation determining unit increases the probability of selecting the mutual operation pattern (C) or (F) to make it easier to select, or the probability of selecting the mutual operation pattern (A) or (D). It is good also as an example which raises and makes it easy to select.
- the lane change risk value may be calculated including the state of the surrounding vehicles, the estimated arrival time of the vehicle at the target vehicle position, the road structure, and the like.
- a correction for reducing the lane change risk value may be added. That is, if inter-vehicle communication between the own vehicle and the target vehicle is possible, the vehicle speeds of the own vehicle and the target vehicle can be matched at the time of changing lanes.
- the lane change operation determining unit selects one of the mutual operation patterns (A) to (F) to determine the lane change operation of the vehicle V1, the congestion degree, the estimated dead point arrival time, and the like are determined.
- An example in which the lane change risk value is collectively determined may be used. In this case, correction to increase or decrease the lane change risk value is performed according to the lane change operation determination condition.
- the driving support method and the driving support device according to the present disclosure are applied to an automatic driving vehicle in which driving / braking / steering is automatically controlled by selecting an automatic driving mode.
- the driving support method and the driving support device according to the present disclosure may be a driving support vehicle that runs by supporting a part of the driving operation, the braking operation, and the steering operation by the driver.
- the present invention can be applied to a driving support vehicle that displays a driving route, a stopping route, and a stopping position on a monitor or provides voice guidance, thereby assisting the driving by the driver's operation visually or by hearing.
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Abstract
Description
自車の隣接車線への車線変更要求の有無を検出し、
自車が車線変更要求有りと検出された場合、隣接車線を走行する他車の自車線に向けた車線変更意思の有無を検出し、
他車の自車線に向けた車線変更意思有りと検出された場合、車線変更意思が有る他車を入れ替え車線変更の対象車とし、
対象車の車線変更により生じる空き領域の位置を自車の車線変更目標に設定する。
図1は、実施例1の走行支援方法及び走行支援装置が適用された自動運転制御システムを示す。以下、図1に基づいて全体システム構成を説明する。
なお、「GNSS」は「Global Navigation Satellite System:全地球航法衛星システム」の略称であり、「GPS」は「Global Positioning System:グローバル・ポジショニング・システム」の略称である。
図2は、自動運転制御ユニット4に備える車線変更コントローラ40を示す。以下、図2に基づいて車線変更コントローラ40の制御ブロック構成を説明する。
(a)ドライバーが手動により車両運転に介入する運転介入情報が出され、隣接車線への自車の車線変更をすることなったことにより検出する(ドライバー要求)。例えば、ウィンカー点灯や点灯操作により検出する。その他にも、ドライバーによる隣接車線への操舵操作を検出する。
(b)自動運転制御ユニット4により車線変更の指令が出力されたことを検出する(システム要求)。例えば、車線変更の判断が下されたときに出力されたフラグ信号を検出してもよく、また自動運転制御ユニット4により算出された目標走行経路より隣接車線への車線変更を検出するようにしてもよい。
(a)他車がウィンカーを点灯したことにより検出する。
(b)他車が自車線側に向かう挙動を検出し、車線変更の準備を開始していることを検出する。
(c)他車が自車線走行中の車両の車間スペースに向かって加減速する場合に検出する。
(d)自車と他車との間での車車間通信により他車が車線変更を予定している情報を入力することにより検出する。なお、車車間通信を行う車両は、隣接車線を走行する複数台の車両のうち、自車がデッドポイントへ到達するデッドポイント到達予測時刻より他車位置への到達時刻が早い車両に限定する。ここで、「デッドポイント」とは、自車の前方に存在し、自車が隣接車線へ車線変更するときに車線変更を完了していなければならない終点のことをいう。
よって、「空き領域の位置」は、車線変更を開始する前であって自車と対象車が互いの車線を並走している間は、自車に対する対象車の相対位置を検出し、自車に対して対象車が存在する相対位置を空き領域の位置とし、自車の車線変更目標に設定することになる。つまり、「空き領域の位置」には、現実に空き領域とはなっていない自車に対する対象車の存在位置を含むため、空きスペースの検出ではなく、自車に対する対象車の相対位置を検出する。
(A)対象車V2の前方かつ対象車V2より先に自車V1の車線変更を開始する。
(B)対象車V2の前方かつ対象車V2と同時に自車V1の車線変更を開始する。
(C)対象車V2の前方かつ対象車V2より後に自車V1の車線変更を開始する。
(D)対象車V2の後方かつ対象車V2より先に自車V1の車線変更を開始する。
(E)対象車V2の後方かつ対象車V2と同時に自車V1の車線変更を開始する。
(F)対象車V2の後方かつ対象車V2より後に自車V1の車線変更を開始する。
車線変更動作決定部40dでは、自車V1の車線変更目標が設定された場合、そのときの周辺環境が学習による分類結果のいずれかに適合すると判断されると、判断された分類結果のときの相互動作パターンを識別器40fから読み出して選択する。
図4は、自動運転制御ユニット4に備える車線変更コントローラ40にて実行される車線変更制御処理の全体流れを示す。以下、図4の各ステップについて説明する。
R=f(La,Lo,Sa,So,Pa,Po)
但し、La:自車線走行車両の車間距離、Lo:隣接車線走行車両の車間距離、Sa:自車線走行車両の車速、So:隣接車線走行車両の車速、Pa:自車線走行車両の車両位置、Po:隣接車線走行車両の車両位置である。
そして、車線変更リスク値Rの関数式は、多数の実験結果に基づき、車間距離が大きいほど車線変更リスク値Rを低い値とし、車速が低いほど車線変更リスク値Rを低い値とし、走行車両の台数が少ないほど車線変更リスク値Rを低い値とする式で与えられる。
図5は、車線変更制御処理の車線変更動作決定ステップS8で実行される車線変更動作決定処理の流れを示す。以下、図5の各ステップについて説明する。
「デッドポイント到達予測時刻」は、自車の車速と自車位置とデッドポイントまでの乖離距離により計算する。なお、互いに平行に延びる複数車線が存在する道路を自車が走行する場合は、デッドポイントは存在せず、デッドポイント到達予測時刻=∞になる。
「閾値」は、相互動作パターン(A)~(F)の何れかを選択したとき、選択したパターンによる入れ替え車線変更するための最小必要時間による値に設定される。つまり、デッドポイント到達予測時刻≦閾値であると判断されると、相互動作パターン(A)~(F)の何れかを選択し、選択したパターンによる入れ替え車線変更する時間的余裕が無いことを意味する。
ここで、判断された分類結果に該当するパターンは、周辺環境の分類結果が相互動作パターン(A)~(F)からの1つの選択パターンと共に記憶保存されている識別器40fからの読み出しにより選択される。
R=f(La,Lo,Sa,So,Pa,Po)
の式を用いて計算する。
特許文献1に記載された装置にあっては、自車が車線変更を行う場合、他車が減速もしくは自車走行レーン以外への車線変更を行うことを想定し、他車両周囲空間をセンシングしている。しかし、センシングされる他車両周囲空間が十分では無いとき、自車を隣接車線へ車線変更する方法についての開示がない。そのため、X字合流や複数車線を有する道路にて自車が隣接車線への車線変更するシーンにおいて、自車の車線変更先に十分な空間領域が無い場合、自車は車線変更できない。
図7及び図8に基づいて、X字合流地点を有する道路において入れ替え車線変更の対象車V2の決定作用と自車V1の車線変更目標の設定作用を説明する。
(車線変更動作決定作用1)
デッドポイント到達予測時刻≦閾値の場合は、図5のフローチャートにおいて、S801→S802へと進む。S802では、相互動作パターン(A)~(F)を選択することなく、直ちに自車V1の車線変更が開始される。
デッドポイント到達予測時刻>閾値であるが、自車V1と対象車V2の前後方向に物体が存在しない場合、図5のフローチャートにおいて、S801→S803→S804へと進む。S804では、入れ替え車線変更を行ったときの自車V1の現在車速からの車速変化がパターン(A)~(F)のそれぞれについて計算され、車速変化が最も小さい相互動作パターンが選択される。
デッドポイント到達予測時刻>閾値で、自車V1と対象車V2の前後方向に物体が存在するが、周辺環境が学習した分類結果の何れかに適合する場合、図5のフローチャートにおいて、S801→S803→S805→S806へと進む。S806では、相互動作パターン(A)~(F)のうち、判断された分類結果に該当するパターンが識別器40fにより読み出されて選択される。
デッドポイント到達予測時刻>閾値で、自車V1と対象車V2の前後方向に物体が存在し、周辺環境が学習した分類結果の何れにも適合しないとする。これら3つの条件が成立する場合であって、自車線L1より隣接車線L2の方が混雑し、かつ、自車V1が対象車V2より前に存在する場合、図5のフローチャートにおいて、S801→S803→S805→S807→S808→S809へと進む。S809では、図3に示す相互動作パターン(A)~(F)の中から相互動作パターン(C)が選択される。上記3つの条件が成立する場合であって、自車線L1より隣接車線L2の方が混雑し、かつ、自車V1が対象車V2より後に存在する場合、図5のフローチャートにおいて、S801→S803→S805→S807→S808→S810へと進む。S810では、図3に示す相互動作パターン(A)~(F)の中から相互動作パターン(F)が選択される。
デッドポイント到達予測時刻>閾値で、自車V1と対象車V2の前後方向に物体が存在し、周辺環境が学習した分類結果の何れにも適合しないとする。これら3つの条件が成立する場合であって、隣接車線L2より自車線L1の方が混雑し、かつ、自車V1が対象車V2より前に存在する場合、図5のフローチャートにおいて、S801→S803→S805→S807→S811→S812→S813へと進む。S813では、図3に示す相互動作パターン(A)~(F)の中から相互動作パターン(A)が選択される。上記3つの条件が成立する場合であって、隣接車線L2より自車線L1の方が混雑し、かつ、自車V1が対象車V2より後に存在する場合、図5のフローチャートにおいて、S801→S803→S805→S807→S811→S812→S814へと進む。S814では、図3に示す相互動作パターン(A)~(F)の中から相互動作パターン(D)が選択される。
デッドポイント到達予測時刻>閾値で、自車V1と対象車V2の前後方向に物体が存在し、周辺環境が学習した分類結果の何れにも適合しないとする。これら3つの条件が成立する場合であって、自車線L1と隣接車線L2の混雑度が閾値以内の差である場合、図5のフローチャートにおいて、S801→S803→S805→S807→S811→S815→S816へと進む。S815では、図3に示す相互動作パターン(A)~(F)のそれぞれについて車線変更リスク値Rが計算される。S816では、相互動作パターン(A)~(F)のそれぞれについて車線変更リスク値Rのうち最小値が選択され、選択された最小のリスク値Rが閾値以上であるか否かが判断される。S816での判断が車線変更リスク値<閾値である場合、S816からS818へと進み、S818では、相互動作パターン(A)~(F)のうち車線変更リスク値Rが最小値となる相互動作パターンが選択される。
自車V1が隣接車線L2への車線変更要求の有無を検出し、
自車V1が車線変更要求有りと検出された場合、隣接車線L2を走行する他車V4の自車線L1に向けた車線変更意思の有無を検出し、
他車V4の自車線L1に向けた車線変更意思有りと検出された場合、車線変更意思が有る他車V4を入れ替え車線変更の対象車V2とし、
対象車V2の車線変更により生じる空き領域の位置を自車V1の車線変更目標に設定する(図6)。
このように、車線変更意思が有る他車V4が入れ替え車線変更の対象車V2とされ、対象車V2の車線変更により生じる空き領域の位置が自車V1の車線変更目標に設定される。この結果、自車V1が隣接車線L2への車線変更を要求するシーンにおいて、自車V1の車線変更先に十分な空間領域が無い場面であっても、自車線L1へ車線変更する対象車V2の位置へ車線変更できるようになる走行支援方法を提供することができる。つまり、隣接車線L2に車線変更するための空き領域が小さくても、対象車V2の車線変更により生じる空き領域へ車線変更できるようになる。
自車V1に対する対象車V2の相対位置を空き領域の位置として、自車V1の車線変更目標に設定する(図2)。
このように、自車V1に対する対象車V2の相対位置を検出することにより、自車V1及び対象車V2が走行している場合であっても、対象車V2の車線変更により生じることになる空き領域の位置を検出することができるようになる。したがって、自車V1及び対象車V2が走行している場合であっても、対象車V2の車線変更により生じることになる空き領域の位置を車線変更目標と設定することができるようになる。
このように、車線変更意思がある他車V4が複数台あるときは、車線変更リスク値Rが最も低い対象車候補を対象車V2として決定している。この結果、自車V1と対象車V2の入れ替え車線変更を行うシーンにおいて、スペース余裕や時間余裕を持ってスムーズに入れ替え車線変更を行うことができる。
このように、自車V1と対象車V2とが横並び状態で入れ替え車線変更を開始すると車両同士が干渉する可能性が高くなるため、意図的に自車V1と対象車V2とが前後方向にずれた位置関係として入れ替え車線変更を開始するようにしている。この結果、自車V1と対象車V2の入れ替え車線変更を開始するシーンにおいて、自車V1と対象車V2の車両同士が干渉するのを抑えて入れ替え車線変更を開始することができる。
自車V1の車線変更目標が設定された場合、相互動作パターン(A)~(F)のうち一つのパターンを選択して自車V1の車線変更動作を決定する(図3)。
このように、基本的な自車V1と対象車V2による車線変更の相互動作は決まっているため、予め6つの相互動作パターン(A)~(F)に分けておくようにしている。この結果、自車V1と対象車V2の入れ替え車線変更を行うシーンにおいて、シーン毎に自車V1と対象車V2との相互動作パターンを決定する処理を省くことができ、走行中の演算処理負荷を軽減することができる。
このように、隣接車線L2の方が混雑していると、先に対象車V2が車線変更により抜けて自車V1の空き領域を確保する(C)又は(F)の相互動作パターンを選択すると、スムーズに入れ替え車線変更がなされる。この結果、自車線L1より隣接車線L2の方が混雑するシーンにおいて、自車V1と対象車V2の相互動作パターンをパターン(A)~(F)に分けて規定したときに適切なパターン選択により、スムーズに入れ替え車線変更を行うことができる。
このように、自車線L1の方が混雑していると、先に自車V1が車線変更により抜けて対象車V2の空き領域を確保する(A)又は(D)の相互動作パターンを選択すると、スムーズに入れ替え車線変更がなされる。この結果、隣接車線L2より自車線L1の方が混雑するシーンにおいて、自車V1と対象車V2の相互動作パターンをパターン(A)~(F)に分けて規定したときに適切なパターン選択により、スムーズに入れ替え車線変更を行うことができる。
車線変更リスク値Rのうち最も低い値の一つの相互動作パターンを選択し、自車V1の車線変更動作を決定する(図10)。
このように、相互動作パターン(A)~(F)のそれぞれについて車線変更リスク値Rを計算し、計算された車線変更リスク値R(A)~R(F)のうち最小値の動作パターンを選択するようにしている。この結果、自車V1と対象車V2を入れ替え車線変更するシーンにおいて、自車V1と対象車V2の相互動作パターンをパターン(A)~(F)に分けて規定したときに車線変更成功確率を上げた入れ替え車線変更を行うことができる。
このように、車線変更リスク値≧閾値である場合、対象車V2の車線変更開始時刻と自車V1の車線変更開始時刻の時刻差が、予め設定されている基準時刻より短い時刻にされる。この結果、車線変更リスク値Rが最小値のパターンを選択するシーンにおいて、車線変更リスク値≧閾値であると車線変更開始時刻の時刻差を短くすることにより、車線変更成功確率を上げた入れ替え車線変更を行うことができる。
自車V1の車線変更目標が設定された場合、そのときの周辺環境が学習による分類結果のいずれかに適合すると判断されると、判断された分類結果のときの相互動作パターンを識別器40fから読み出して選択する(図2)。
このように、自車V1と対象車V2の入れ替え車線変更を経験する毎に識別器40fに、自車V1と対象車V2を含む周辺環境の分類結果と、分類結果毎に選択された相互動作パターンを記憶保存させておく。この結果、自車V1と対象車V2を含む周辺環境として同様の環境を過去に経験したシーンにおいて、自車V1と対象車V2の相互動作パターンの選択に学習結果を利用することで、動作パターンの選択処理を短時間で容易に行うことができる。
このように、自車V1と対象車V2の前後方向に物体が存在しない場合、車速変化が最も小さい相互動作パターンが選択される。この結果、自車V1と対象車V2の前後方向に物体が存在しないシーンにおいて、自車V1と対象車V2の相互動作パターンをパターン(A)~(F)に分けて規定したときに入れ替え車線変更での自車V1の車速変化を小さく抑えることができる。
このように、デッドポイント到達予測時刻≦閾値であると判断されると、直ちに自車V1の車線変更が開始される。この結果、デッドポイント到達予測時刻≦閾値であるシーンにおいて、自車V1と対象車V2の相互動作パターンをパターン(A)~(F)に分けた規定の例外として扱うことで、自車V1の車線変更を行うことができる。
コントローラ(車線変更コントローラ40)は、
自車V1の隣接車線L2への車線変更要求の有無を検出する車線変更要求検出部40aと、自車V1が車線変更要求有りと検出された場合、隣接車線L2を走行する他車V4の自車線L1に向けた車線変更意思の有無を検出する車線変更意思検出部40bと、
他車V4の自車線L1に向けた車線変更意思有りと検出された場合、車線変更意思が有る他車V4を入れ替え車線変更の対象車V2とし、
対象車V2の車線変更により生じる空き領域の位置を自車V1の車線変更目標に設定する車線変更目標設定部40cと、を有する(図2)。
このように、車線変更意思が有る他車V4が入れ替え車線変更の対象車V2とされ、対象車V2の車線変更により生じる空き領域の位置が自車V1の車線変更目標に設定される。この結果、自車V1が隣接車線L2への車線変更を要求するシーンにおいて、自車V1の車線変更先に十分な空間領域が無い場面であっても、自車線L1へ車線変更する対象車V2の位置へ車線変更できるようになる走行支援装置を提供することができる。
Claims (13)
- 自車線を走行する自車が、自車周囲の他車が走行する隣接車線へ車線変更する車線変更制御を行うコントローラを備える走行支援方法であって、
前記自車の隣接車線への車線変更要求の有無を検出し、
前記自車が車線変更要求有りと検出された場合、前記隣接車線を走行する前記他車の自車線に向けた車線変更意思の有無を検出し、
前記他車の自車線に向けた車線変更意思有りと検出された場合、車線変更意思が有る他車を入れ替え車線変更の対象車とし、
前記対象車の車線変更により生じる空き領域の位置を前記自車の車線変更目標に設定する
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項1に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記自車に対する前記対象車の相対位置を検出し、
前記自車に対する前記対象車の相対位置を前記空き領域の位置として、前記自車の車線変更目標に設定する
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記車線変更意思が有る他車が複数台存在する場合、複数台の他車のうち車線変更リスク値が最も低い他車を入れ替え車線変更の対象車とする
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項1から3までの何れか一項に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記対象車を決定すると、前記自車の位置を前記対象車の前方位置又は後方位置とし、前記自車と前記対象車とが前後方向にずれた位置関係になった状態で入れ替え車線変更を開始する
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項4に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記自車と前記対象車による車線変更の相互動作を、
(A)前記対象車の前方かつ前記対象車より先に前記自車の車線変更を開始する、
(B)前記対象車の前方かつ前記対象車と同時に前記自車の車線変更を開始する、
(C)前記対象車の前方かつ前記対象車より後に前記自車の車線変更を開始する、
(D)前記対象車の後方かつ前記対象車より先に前記自車の車線変更を開始する、
(E)前記対象車の後方かつ前記対象車と同時に前記自車の車線変更を開始する、
(F)前記対象車の後方かつ前記対象車より後に前記自車の車線変更を開始する、
による6つの相互動作パターンに分け、
前記自車の車線変更目標が設定された場合、前記相互動作パターンのうち一つのパターンを選択して前記自車の車線変更動作を決定する
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項5に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記自車が走行する自車線よりも前記対象車が走行する隣接車線の方が混雑している場合、(C)又は(F)の相互動作パターンを選択する確率を上げる
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項5又は6に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記対象車が走行する隣接車線よりも前記自車が走行する自車線の方が混雑している場合、(A)又は(D)の相互動作パターンを選択する確率を上げる
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項5から7までの何れか一項に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記自車及び前記対象車における車線変更リスク値を、前記6つの相互動作パターンのそれぞれのパターンについて算出し、
前記車線変更リスク値のうち最も低い値の一つの相互動作パターンを選択し、前記自車の車線変更動作を決定する
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項8に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記相互動作パターンとして前記自車と前記対象車の車線変更開始時刻を異ならせるパターンが選択され、かつ、前記車線変更リスク値が閾値以上である場合、前記対象車の車線変更開始時刻と前記自車の車線変更開始時刻の時刻差を前記車線変更リスク値が高いほど短くする
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項5から9までの何れか一項に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記自車と前記対象車の入れ替え車線変更を経験すると、選択した相互動作パターン毎に前記自車と前記対象車を含む周辺環境の分類結果を記憶保存しておく識別器を設け、
前記自車の車線変更目標が設定された場合、そのときの周辺環境が学習による分類結果のいずれかに適合すると判断されると、判断された分類結果のときの相互動作パターンを前記識別器から読み出して選択する
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項5から10までの何れか一項に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記自車及び前記対象車の前後方向に物体が存在しない場合、前記6つの相互動作パターンのうち前記自車の車速の変化が最小となる相互動作パターンを選択する
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 請求項5から11までの何れか一項に記載された走行支援方法において、
前記自車の車線変更が可能な限界位置であるデッドポイントまでのデッドポイント到達予想時刻が閾値以下であれば、相互動作パターンを選択することなく、前記自車の車線変更を開始する
ことを特徴とする走行支援方法。 - 自車線を走行する自車が、自車周囲の他車が走行する隣接車線へ車線変更する車線変更制御を行うコントローラを備える走行支援装置であって、
前記コントローラは、
前記自車の隣接車線への車線変更要求の有無を検出する車線変更要求検出部と、
前記自車が車線変更要求有りと検出された場合、前記隣接車線を走行する前記他車の自車線に向けた車線変更意思の有無を検出する車線変更意思検出部と、
前記他車の自車線に向けた車線変更意思有りと検出された場合、車線変更意思が有る他車を入れ替え車線変更の対象車とし、前記対象車の車線変更により生じる空き領域の位置を前記自車の車線変更目標に設定する車線変更目標設定部と、
を有することを特徴とする走行支援装置。
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EP3825979B1 (en) | 2022-08-17 |
CN112470200A (zh) | 2021-03-09 |
JPWO2020016621A1 (ja) | 2021-08-02 |
KR102546343B1 (ko) | 2023-06-21 |
US20210269040A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 |
RU2760046C1 (ru) | 2021-11-22 |
EP3825979A1 (en) | 2021-05-26 |
EP3825979A4 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
KR20210030975A (ko) | 2021-03-18 |
CN112470200B (zh) | 2022-06-07 |
JP7026231B2 (ja) | 2022-03-01 |
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