WO2019214007A1 - Dispositif expérimental de congélation de sol artificiel et procédé expérimental d'acquisition dynamique de multiples paramètres - Google Patents

Dispositif expérimental de congélation de sol artificiel et procédé expérimental d'acquisition dynamique de multiples paramètres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019214007A1
WO2019214007A1 PCT/CN2018/090842 CN2018090842W WO2019214007A1 WO 2019214007 A1 WO2019214007 A1 WO 2019214007A1 CN 2018090842 W CN2018090842 W CN 2018090842W WO 2019214007 A1 WO2019214007 A1 WO 2019214007A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soil sample
temperature
freezer
data
disposed
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PCT/CN2018/090842
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王彬
荣传新
程桦
姚直书
施鑫
董艳宾
蔡海兵
王晓健
宋海清
黎明镜
唐彬
段寅
王志
彭世龙
杨凡
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安徽理工大学
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Application filed by 安徽理工大学 filed Critical 安徽理工大学
Priority to JP2018560773A priority Critical patent/JP6745497B2/ja
Publication of WO2019214007A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019214007A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of artificial ground freezing method, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for artificial layer freezing of multi-parameter dynamic acquisition.
  • the artificial stratum freezing method is the main construction method for the underground construction of the water-rich soft soil layer. This method has been widely used in the construction of vertical shafts and tunnels in China. In recent years, in the process of building subway tunnels in the eastern coastal areas of China, a large number of offshore saline strata have been encountered. The stratum has the characteristics of high salt content and active groundwater. The soil is accompanied by water migration and salt migration during the freezing process. Complex physical changes such as frost heaving and salt swelling result in large differences between the physical and mechanical parameters of frozen soil and conventional frozen soil. At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the coastal saline soil.
  • the frozen soil test block test can accurately reflect the various characteristics of the test block, but there is a big difference with the freezing law of the middle soil in the actual project.
  • the data provided by the test block test cannot directly guide the actual project; Similar model test is an important test method for engineering feasibility analysis.
  • the accuracy of the test results is mainly limited by the similarity between the test model and the actual project. The greater the similarity ratio, the higher the degree of reduction of the model to the project. The greater the reference value of the project.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and an experimental method for artificial layer freezing of multi-parameter dynamic acquisition.
  • the experimental device can freeze or forcibly thaw the soil sample of the artificial stratum, and can dynamically collect data of multiple parameters such as water, salt, temperature and displacement of the soil sample during the freezing process.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a multi-parameter dynamic acquisition artificial ground freezing experimental device capable of freezing or forcibly thawing a soil sample of the artificial stratum for simulating a test environment for freezing of an offshore saline formation, characterized in that the experiment
  • the apparatus includes a soil sample container, a data collection system, and a freezing system, wherein the soil sample container includes an upper cover, a cylindrical body, and a bottom plate, the bottom plate is fixedly coupled to a bottom end of the cylindrical body, and the upper cover is placed at the bottom On the top end of the cylinder, the upper cover, the cylindrical body and the bottom plate enclose a cavity, the upper cover can be moved up and down, and the upper cover is provided with a central hole, the cylindrical body a plurality of first lead holes are disposed on the sidewall;
  • the data acquisition system includes a data acquisition panel, a moisture collection device, and a salt collection device.
  • the data acquisition panel is horizontally disposed in the cavity and divides the cavity into a first receiving space and a second receiving space. a first receiving space is located above the second receiving space, the first receiving space is for accommodating the soil sample, and the data collecting panel is provided with a plurality of salt collecting elements and a plurality of moisture collecting elements,
  • the moisture collecting device dynamically collects moisture data of the soil sample through the moisture collecting component
  • the salt collecting device dynamically collects salt data of the soil sample through the salt collecting component, wherein the data collecting panel can be in the cavity Moving up and down the body;
  • the freezing system includes a freezing machine, a liquid supply pipe, a liquid return pipe and a freezer.
  • the freezer is vertically disposed in the first receiving space, and the bottom end of the freezer is connected to the data collecting panel. a top end of the freezer extends out of the soil sample container through the central hole, and the freezer is connected to a top end of the freezer through the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, respectively, the freezing machine
  • the freezing machine, the liquid supply pipe, the freezer, the liquid return pipe and the freezing machine are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop for the medium, The medium exchanges heat with the soil sample in the freezer for freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample.
  • the upper cover is an annular structure, and the upper cover is composed of an inner cover plate and an outer cover plate, and the inner cover plate is made of plastic, and the outer layer is The cover plate is made of metal, and the outer cover plate is disposed on the upper surface of the inner cover plate, and the lower surface of the inner cover plate contacts the soil sample; preferably, the inner cover plate Connected by a plurality of annular inner plates, the joints of the two annular inner plates are respectively provided with upwardly extending flanges, and the convex edges extend above the outer cover, and the convex edges are a plurality of bolt holes are disposed, and the plurality of first bolts sequentially connect the plurality of the fan-shaped inner plates through the plurality of the bolt holes; preferably, the outer cover plate is composed of a plurality of fan-shaped outer plates, a plurality of the upper surfaces of the fan-shaped inner plates are each provided with a fan-shaped annular groove, and the plurality of the fan-shaped outer plates are embedded in
  • the cylindrical body includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder disposed inside the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder is made of plastic, and the outer cylinder is made of metal, and the outer cylinder
  • the outer wall of the outer wall is provided with a plurality of annular stiffeners, wherein one of the stiffeners is equidistantly disposed at a same height with a plurality of circular second grooves, and the first lead holes are disposed in the second concave
  • the first lead hole penetrates the stiffener, the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and an inner wall of the first lead hole is provided with a thread and can be mounted with a plastic screw, the inner wall of the inner cylinder a vertical scale line is disposed, the inner wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a bearing ring, and the bearing ring is used for carrying the data acquisition panel;
  • the bottom plate is provided with a second lead hole, and the outer edge of the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of threaded holes for connecting with the cylindrical body, the bottom plate is provided with a boss, and the lower surface of the bottom plate is provided with a first lead groove, the first lead groove passes through the second lead hole;
  • the inner diameter of the cylindrical body is 0.1 to 2 m, and the depth is 0.5 to 2 m; preferably, the inner diameter of the cylindrical body is 1 m, a depth of 1 m; preferably, three of the stiffening ribs are respectively disposed at a top end, a bottom end and a middle portion of the outer cylinder;
  • the inner cylinder is made of polyvinyl chloride; preferably, the outer cylinder
  • the material is an aluminum alloy; preferably, the stiffening ribs disposed at the bottom end of the cylinder are provided with a plurality of vertical threaded holes, and the plurality of second bolts pass through the plurality of the threaded holes to The bottom plate
  • the data acquisition panel is composed of an upper panel and a lower panel
  • the data acquisition panel is provided with a third lead hole
  • a center of the upper panel is provided with a freezer base
  • a freezer is connected to the freezer base
  • a plurality of second sealing rings are disposed on an outer edge of the upper panel
  • a plurality of second lead slots are disposed on the upper layer plate in a radial direction, each of the second leads
  • the slot is provided with a plurality of component arrangement holes
  • each of the component arrangement holes is provided with a salt collection component and a moisture collection component
  • the salt collection component is composed of a salt collection probe, a component base and a salt data line.
  • the salt collection probe is disposed in the soil sample and is fixedly disposed in the component arrangement hole through the component base, and the salt collection probe is connected to the salt data line, and the moisture collection component Consisting of a moisture collecting probe, a component base and a moisture data line, the moisture collecting probe is disposed in the soil sample and fixedly disposed through the component base
  • the moisture collecting probe is connected to the moisture data line, and the salt data line and the moisture data line are both disposed in the second lead slot and sequentially pass through the third.
  • the salt data line is connected to a data line of the salt collecting device, the moisture data line and the moisture collecting device Data line connection, preferably, the salt data line and the moisture data line in the second receiving space are both arranged as spring cables;
  • the material of the upper panel is plastic
  • the material of the lower panel is metal
  • the lower panel is disposed in a circular groove of the lower surface of the upper panel, preferably, the second sealing ring
  • the upper panel is made of polyvinyl chloride; preferably, the lower panel is made of an aluminum alloy; preferably, each of the second lead slots is provided with five The component is arranged in the hole position.
  • the data acquisition system further includes a temperature collection panel, the temperature collection panel is horizontally disposed in the soil sample in the middle of the first accommodation space, and the temperature collection panel is composed of an inner ring, The outer ring and the plurality of steel strands are respectively connected to the inner ring and the outer ring, and each of the steel strands is uniformly provided with a plurality of the temperature collecting components.
  • Each of the temperature collecting components is connected with a temperature data line, an outer edge of the outer ring is provided with a third lead slot, and the temperature data line is disposed in the third lead slot; all of the temperature data After the summation, the wires enter the first lead hole and are connected to the data line of the temperature collecting device through the first lead hole, and are assembled by the spring wire sleeve outside all the temperature data lines during the summation, and the temperature
  • the data line is connected to the data line of the temperature data collecting device after passing through the first lead hole, and the temperature collecting device dynamically collects temperature data of the soil sample through the temperature collecting component, the temperature
  • the collecting panel can move up and down in the cylinder; preferably, the steel strands are provided with six, which are radially evenly distributed; preferably, the temperature collecting component is a thermocouple string made of constantan and copper wires. .
  • the hydraulic system is composed of an oil pressure control device, an oil pipe and a hydraulic oil cylinder, and the oil pressure control device supplies oil to the hydraulic oil cylinder through the oil pipe, and a plurality of The hydraulic cylinder is disposed in the second receiving space, the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the bottom plate, the top end of the hydraulic cylinder is in contact with the data collecting panel, and the oil pressure control device can pass
  • the oil pipe controls the lifting and lowering of the hydraulic oil cylinder, and the lifting and lowering of the hydraulic oil cylinder can push the data collecting panel to be lifted and lowered
  • the hydraulic oil cylinder is a multi-stage hydraulic oil cylinder; preferably, the hydraulic oil cylinder is provided with four; preferably A plurality of cylinder slots are disposed on the boss, and bottom ends of the hydraulic cylinders are respectively disposed in the cylinder slots; preferably, the cylinder slots are provided with four.
  • the freezing machine includes a refrigerating device, a heating device, and a pumping device, and is capable of freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample; the bottom end of the freezer is provided with a threaded end
  • the freezer is threadedly coupled to the freezer base by the threaded end, the top end of the freezer extending through the central bore to the outside of the upper cover, the freezer being a sleeve structure
  • the freezer is composed of an inner tube and an outer tube sleeved on the outer circumference of the inner tube, the outer tube has an outer diameter of 8 to 159 mm, and the outer diameter of the inner tube is an outer diameter of the outer tube.
  • the bottom end of the outer tube is closed, the bottom of the inner tube is in communication with the bottom of the outer tube, the top end of the inner tube is in communication with the liquid supply tube, and the liquid return tube is connected to the outer tube a sidewall of the upper section of the tube, the top end of the outer tube is provided with a protruding ring for sealing the outer tube;
  • a control valve is disposed at one end of the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe near the freezing machine, for opening and closing the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, the liquid supply pipe and the liquid supply pipe a manual regulating valve is disposed on one end of the liquid return pipe near the freezer, and a flow meter is disposed on the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, and a portion of the freezer extending outside the upper cover is provided
  • the thermal insulation sleeve is deformable to accommodate movement of the upper cover; preferably, the medium is alcohol; preferably, the inner tube and the outer tube are made of a copper tube; preferably The outer diameter of the freezer is 80 mm.
  • the displacement collecting device is composed of a displacement dial gauge, a beam, a column and a displacement device base.
  • the column is disposed at a top end of the cylinder through the displacement device base, and the beam is disposed in parallel with the upper cover.
  • One end of the beam is sleeved on the column and fixed by a knob bolt, the beam can be moved up and down along the column, and the displacement dial is vertically disposed on the upper surface of the upper cover.
  • the bottom end of the displacement dial is abutted against the upper surface of the upper cover, and the displacement dial is fixed to the other end of the beam disposed by a knob bolt.
  • the present invention also provides a method for conducting an experiment using an artificial layer freezing experimental device for multi-parameter dynamic acquisition, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • Installation and inspection test equipment Inspect the location of the soil sample container in advance by using the level meter to ensure that the soil sample container is placed on a horizontal floor, remove the upper cover, open the hydraulic control device of the hydraulic system, and push it through the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the data acquisition panel rises, so that the data acquisition panel rises to the top of the soil sample container, and the moisture collection probe and the salt collection probe disposed on the data acquisition panel are inspected.
  • the data acquisition panel is played back by controlling the hydraulic cylinder.
  • To the bottom of the soil sample container install the freezer on the freezer base of the data acquisition panel;
  • Step 1.1) After the installation inspection is completed, the soil sample is layered into the soil sample container.
  • the soil sample filling plane is tested with a spirit level. Flatness, adjust the soil sample filling up to the plane level, then install the temperature acquisition panel into the soil sample container, take the temperature data line out from the first lead hole, and seal the gap of the first lead hole through the inner tube
  • the upper tick line controls the height of the filled soil sample, continues to fill the soil sample to the position of the lower surface of the upper cover, uses the spirit level to test the flatness of the soil sample plane, adjust the soil sample plane to the level of the plane, and then install the upper cover. And using the level tester to test whether the upper cover is horizontal, and when the upper cover reaches the horizontal requirement, the displacement collecting device is mounted on the upper surface of the upper cover;
  • step 1.2 Connect the freezing tube: After the soil sample is filled in step 1.2), install the thermal insulation sleeve on the part of the freezer that extends out of the upper cover.
  • the inner tube of the freezer is connected to the freezing machine through the liquid supply tube, and the outer tube of the freezer passes back.
  • the liquid pipe is connected with the freezing machine, and the manual regulating valve is respectively installed on the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe near one end of the freezer, the control valve is respectively installed at one end near the freezing machine, and the manual regulating valve and the control valve are separately installed.
  • Data acquisition system connection Connect the temperature acquisition component to the data line of the temperature acquisition device through the temperature data line, connect the salt collection component to the data line of the salt collection device through the salt data line, and pass the moisture collection component through the moisture.
  • the data line is connected to the data line of the moisture collecting device;
  • the temperature monitoring data of the same circle obtained at the same time in a single test is screened, and the data which is different from other data is excluded, and the correct data is averaged, and the temperature test data at the time and the position will be the same
  • the temperature of different positions on the plane is plotted as a curve with time, and the same method is used to sort out salt, moisture and frost heave.
  • the soil of the soil sample is one of clay, sand and sandy clay, and the soil sample has a water content of 0-40%, preferably 20-40%;
  • the salt content of the aqueous solution of the soil sample is set to be 1% to 3%;
  • the test time interval of the temperature collecting device is 10 to 60 min
  • the test time interval of the moisture collecting device and the salt collecting device is 30 to 60 min
  • the data collecting time interval of the displacement collecting device is 30 to 60 min;
  • the hydraulic cylinder has a pushing elevation of 5 to 20 cm at a time.
  • the present invention discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for artificial layer freezing of multi-parameter dynamic acquisition
  • the experimental device includes a soil sample container, a data acquisition system, a hydraulic system and a freezing system
  • the experimental device can freeze or force the artificial freezing.
  • the soil sample of the stratum can dynamically collect data of multiple parameters such as water, salt, temperature and displacement of the soil sample during the freezing process.
  • the experimental device can simulate the test environment of the frozen salt formation in the offshore area and is used to study the salt water.
  • the freezing law of frozen soil provides reference for the design and construction of freezing plan for coastal saline formation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of an upper cover according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a front elevational view of a cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a bottom plate according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a data acquisition panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a temperature acquisition panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a freezer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a salt collecting member and a moisture collecting member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion A of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion B of Figure 1.
  • they may be fixed or detachable; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members; It is a wired electrical connection, a radio connection, or a wireless communication signal connection.
  • a wired electrical connection a radio connection, or a wireless communication signal connection.
  • an artificial ground freezing experimental device for multi-parameter dynamic acquisition, which can freeze or forcibly thaw the soil sample of the artificial stratum, and can The data of a plurality of parameters such as moisture, salt, temperature and displacement of the soil sample are dynamically collected.
  • the experimental device comprises a soil sample container 1, a data acquisition system 2 and a freezing system 4.
  • the soil sample container 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the soil sample container 1 includes an upper cover 11, a cylindrical body 12 and a bottom plate 13, and the bottom plate 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cylindrical body 12, and the upper cover 11 is placed on the top end of the cylindrical body 12,
  • the cover 11, the cylinder 12 and the bottom plate 13 enclose a cavity, the upper cover 11 is used to cover the soil sample and can move up and down, and a center hole 113 is arranged at the center of the upper cover 11, and the side wall of the cylinder 12 is provided with A plurality of first lead holes 124.
  • the data acquisition system 2 includes a data acquisition panel 21, a moisture collection device 25, and a salt collection device 26.
  • the data acquisition panel 21 is horizontally disposed in the cavity and divides the cavity into a first receiving space 15 and a second receiving space 16, the first receiving The space 15 is located above the second accommodation space 16, and the first accommodation space 15 is for accommodating a soil sample.
  • the data collection panel 21 is provided with a plurality of salt collection elements 213 and a plurality of moisture collection elements 214.
  • the moisture collection device 25 dynamically collects the moisture data of the soil sample through the moisture collection element 214
  • the salt collection device 26 dynamically collects the soil through the salt collection element 213.
  • the salt collection data, the data acquisition panel 21 can be moved up and down within the barrel 12.
  • the freezing system 4 includes a freezing machine 41, a liquid supply pipe 42, a liquid return pipe 43, and a freezer 44.
  • the freezer 44 is vertically disposed in the soil sample of the first receiving space 15, and the bottom end of the freezer 44 and the data collecting panel 21 Connecting, the top end of the freezer 44 extends out of the soil sample container 1 through the center hole 113, and the freezer is connected to the top end of the freezer 44 through the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43, respectively, and the freezer 41 is used for generating and pumping the low temperature or
  • the high temperature medium, the freezer 41, the liquid supply pipe 42, the freezer 44, the liquid return pipe 43, and the freezer are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop for the medium, and the freezer 44 can freeze or forcibly thaw the soil sample.
  • the freezing machine 41 lowers or raises the temperature of the medium and pumps the medium through the liquid supply pipe 42 to the freezer 44, and the freezer 44 exchanges heat with the soil sample, thereby being able to freeze or forcibly thaw the soil sample to complete the heat.
  • the exchanged medium is returned to the freezer 41 through the return pipe 43 to complete the cycle.
  • the moisture collecting component 214 and the salt collecting component 213 disposed in the soil sample dynamically collect the moisture and salt data of the soil sample, and transmit the data to the moisture collecting device 25 and the salt collecting separately.
  • the device 26 processes the data by the computer and draws a graph according to the law to study the freezing law of the salted frozen soil, and provides reference for the design and construction of the freezing scheme of the coastal saline formation.
  • the upper cover 11 is an annular structure, and the upper cover 11 is formed by combining an inner cover 111 and an outer cover 112.
  • the inner cover 111 is made of plastic and the outer cover 112.
  • the material is metal
  • the outer cover 112 is disposed on the upper surface of the inner cover 111
  • the lower surface of the inner cover 111 is in contact with the soil sample.
  • the inner cover 111 is connected by a plurality of annular inner plates, and the joints of the two annular inner plates are respectively provided with upwardly extending flanges 114, and the flanges 114 extend above the outer cover 112
  • a plurality of bolt holes are disposed on the protruding edge 114, and the plurality of first bolts 115 are sequentially connected to the plurality of annular inner plates through the plurality of bolt holes.
  • the inner cover 111 is composed of two fan-shaped inner plates.
  • the outer cover plate is composed of a plurality of fan-shaped outer plates, and the upper surfaces of the plurality of fan-shaped inner plates are respectively provided with fan-shaped annular grooves, and the plurality of fan-shaped outer plates are embedded in the fan-shaped annular grooves.
  • the inner cover 111 is made of polyvinyl chloride, and the minimum temperature of the polyvinyl chloride is -40 ° C, and the heat preservation effect is good.
  • the material of the outer cover 112 is aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy has good deformation resistance, small density and simple processing technology.
  • the first bolts 115 on each ledge 114 are provided with three.
  • the upper cover 11 is composed of two fan-shaped inner cover plates 111.
  • each of the annular outer plates is provided with a first recess 117.
  • the first recess 117 is provided with a handle 118.
  • the handle 118 is rotatably connected with the annular outer plate, and the handle 118 is placed flat when not in use.
  • a horizontal tester 116 is further disposed in the first groove 117 for measuring the levelness of the upper cover 11.
  • the outer circumference of the upper cover 11 is provided with two first sealing rings 119 for sealing the gap between the upper cover 11 and the cylindrical body 12 to prevent the loss of the temperature of the soil sample.
  • the cylinder 12 includes an outer cylinder 121 and an inner cylinder 122 disposed inside the outer cylinder 121.
  • the inner wall of the outer cylinder 121 is in contact with the outer wall of the inner cylinder 122, and the inner cylinder 122 is made of plastic.
  • the material of the cylinder 121 is made of metal.
  • the outer wall of the outer cylinder 121 is sleeved with a plurality of annular stiffeners 123.
  • the first stiffeners 123 located in the middle of the outer cylinder 121 are equidistantly disposed at the same height.
  • the groove 125 is preferably provided with four second grooves 125.
  • the first lead holes 124 are disposed in the second recess 125, and each of the first lead holes 124 penetrates the stiffener rib 123, the outer cylinder 121, and the inner cylinder 122 located at the center of the outer cylinder 121.
  • the inner wall of the first lead hole 124 is provided with a thread and can be mounted with a plastic screw 126 composed of a screw and a cylindrical end with a cross-shaped groove, the cylindrical end being slightly smaller in size than the second groove 125
  • the inner cylinder 122 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 121 by a plastic screw 126, and is arranged to prevent the inner cylinder 122 from moving during the upward movement of the soil sample by the data collecting panel 21.
  • the inner wall of the inner cylinder 122 is provided with a vertical scale line for controlling the filling amount of the soil sample.
  • a bearing ring 128 is disposed on the inner wall of the inner tube 122 near the bottom end, and the bearing ring 128 is coupled to the data collecting panel 21 for positioning the data collecting panel 21 and the auxiliary bearing to prevent the data collecting panel 21 from moving downward during the downward movement. Large, and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder 33 is loaded during the test.
  • the stiffening ribs 123 are provided with three, which are respectively disposed at the top end, the bottom end and the middle portion of the outer cylinder 121.
  • the material of the inner cylinder 122 is polyvinyl chloride
  • the material of the outer cylinder 121 is stainless steel.
  • a plurality of vertical threaded holes are disposed on the stiffeners 123 disposed at the bottom end of the barrel 12, and the plurality of second bolts 127 fixedly connect the barrel 12 to the bottom plate 13;
  • the spacing of adjacent freezing pipes is about 1m, and the maximum diameter of a single freezing pipe is 2m.
  • the diameter of the cylinder 12 is The similarity ratio with the actual project determines that the similarity ratio can be 1-20, so the inner diameter of the cylinder 12 is 0.1-2 m.
  • the similarity ratio is 2, and the inner diameter of the corresponding cylinder 12 is 1 m.
  • the height of the cylinder 12 needs to meet the installation space requirement of the test component, and at the same time, it is necessary to provide the freezer 44 with a sufficient depth of action.
  • the depth of the cylinder 12 is 0.5 to 2 m, in order to reduce the amount of excavation of the earth and reduce the salt collection.
  • the arrangement difficulty of the element 213, the moisture collecting element 214, and the temperature collecting element 231, preferably, the height of the barrel 12 is 1 m.
  • a second lead hole 131 is disposed at a center of the bottom plate 13, and an outer edge of the bottom plate 13 is uniformly provided with a plurality of screw holes for connecting the bottom plate 13 and the barrel 12 through the second bolt 127.
  • a boss 132 is disposed on the bottom plate 13, and a lower surface of the bottom plate 13 is provided with a first lead groove 134 in a diameter direction.
  • the data acquisition panel 21 is composed of an upper panel 215 and a lower panel 216.
  • the upper panel 215 is made of plastic, preferably polyvinyl chloride, and the lower panel 216 is made of metal, preferably aluminum.
  • the lower panel 216 is embedded in a circular recess in the lower surface of the upper panel 215, and the data collecting panel 21 is provided with a third lead hole 218.
  • the center of the upper panel 215 is provided with a freezer base 219 for mounting the freezer 44. .
  • a plurality of second lead grooves 211 are disposed on the upper layer panel 215 in the radial direction and are evenly distributed around the center of the upper layer panel 215.
  • Each of the second lead grooves 211 is provided with a plurality of element arrangement holes 212 having a diameter of 2 cm, preferably five and equidistantly distributed, and each of the element arrangement holes 212 is provided with a salt collection element 213 and a moisture collecting element. 214.
  • the outer edge of the upper panel 215 is provided with a plurality of second sealing rings 217, preferably two, so as to ensure that there is no gap between the data collecting panel 21 and the inner cylinder 122, preventing freezing during the experiment. The soil sample fell from the gap, affecting the experimental results.
  • the salt collecting member 213 is composed of a salt collecting probe 220, a component base 221, and a salt data line 222.
  • the salt collecting probe 220 is disposed in the soil sample and is fixedly disposed in the component mounting hole through the component base 221 Within 212, the salt collection probe 220 is coupled to the salt data line 222 through the component mount 221 .
  • the moisture collecting component 214 is composed of a moisture collecting probe 223, a component base 221 and a moisture data line 224.
  • the moisture collecting probe 223 is disposed in the soil sample and is fixedly disposed in the component arrangement hole 212 through the component base 221, and the moisture collecting probe The needle 223 is connected to the moisture data line 224 through the element base 221 .
  • the component base 221 is a semi-circular structure
  • the component mount 221 of the salt acquisition component 213 is combined with the component mount 221 of the moisture acquisition component 214 to form a circular structure and conform to the shape of the component arrangement aperture 212.
  • the salt data line 222 and the moisture data line 224 are both disposed in the second lead groove 211 and sequentially led out to the outside of the barrel 12 through the third lead hole 218, the second receiving space 16 and the second lead hole 131, and the salt data line 222 and
  • the data line connection and the moisture data of the salt collecting device 26 are connected to the data line of the moisture collecting device 25, wherein the salt data line 222 and the moisture data line 224 in the second receiving space 16 are both set as spring cables, so that the salt content can be improved.
  • the moisture collecting component 214 can adopt a moisture testing device in which the diameter of the component base 221 is smaller than the component arrangement hole 212 (ie, the diameter of the component base 221 is less than 2 cm), considering the convenience of data collection and adaptability to a low temperature environment, the moisture collecting device 25 is preferably TDR3000 moisture speed measuring instrument, TDR3000 moisture speed measuring instrument can be connected with computer through serial communication interface, can realize automatic collection of moisture data, its collecting temperature ranges from -40 to 70 °C, meets the temperature of freezing experiment Claim.
  • the salt collecting member 213 can employ a salt testing device having a smaller diameter of the component base 221 than the component arrangement hole 212 (i.e., the diameter of the component base 221 is less than 2 cm).
  • the salt collecting device 26 is preferably a TZS-EC salt in consideration of the convenience of data collection.
  • the content collection device, the TZS-EC salt content collection device can be connected with a computer to realize the collection of multi-point salt data.
  • the data acquisition system 2 further includes a temperature collection panel 23, as shown in FIG. 6, the temperature collection panel 23 is horizontally disposed in the soil sample in the middle of the first accommodation space 15, and the temperature collection panel 23 is composed of the inner ring 232 and the outer circle.
  • the ring 233 and the plurality of steel strands 234 are formed.
  • the steel strands 234 are respectively connected to the inner ring 232 and the outer ring 233.
  • the steel strands 234 are provided with six radially evenly distributed.
  • a plurality of temperature collecting elements 231 are evenly disposed on each of the steel strands 234, and each of the temperature collecting elements 231 can collect the temperature of one position, thereby realizing the collection of temperature data at different positions, by measuring the same circle.
  • Each temperature collecting component 231 is connected with a temperature data line 235, the outer edge of the outer ring 233 is provided with a third lead slot 236, the temperature data line 235 is disposed in the third lead slot 236, and all temperature collecting data lines are summarized.
  • the spring wire sleeve 237 is sleeved outside the temperature collecting data lines.
  • the temperature collecting data line is connected to the data line of the temperature data collecting device after passing through the first lead hole 124, and the temperature collecting device 24 dynamically collects the temperature data of the soil sample through the temperature collecting component 231, and the temperature collecting panel 23 can be inside the barrel 12.
  • the arrangement of the spring sleeve 237 can improve the resistance to the tensile damage of the temperature data line 235 and ensure the integrity of the temperature acquisition panel 23, thereby improving the reuse rate.
  • the temperature collecting element 231 is a thermocouple string made of constantan and copper wire.
  • the experimental apparatus further includes a hydraulic system 3 composed of an oil pressure control device 31, an oil pipe 32, and a hydraulic oil cylinder 33.
  • the oil pipe 32 is led out from the first lead groove 134 to the outside of the soil sample container 1 and is controlled by oil pressure.
  • the device 31 is in communication, and the hydraulic control device 31 supplies oil to the hydraulic cylinder 33 through the oil pipe 32, and the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 33 are disposed in the second accommodation space 16.
  • the top end of the hydraulic cylinder 33 is in contact with the data acquisition panel 21, and the hydraulic control device 31 can control the elevation of the hydraulic cylinder 33 through the oil pipe 32, and the lifting and lowering of the hydraulic cylinder 33 can push the data collection panel 21 up and down.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 33 is a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 33, and the hydraulic cylinder 33 is provided with four, and the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 33 takes up less space and can provide a larger push elevation.
  • cylinder slots 133 are disposed on the boss 132.
  • the bottom ends of the hydraulic cylinders 33 are respectively disposed in the cylinder slots 133.
  • the diameter of the cylinder slots 133 is slightly larger than the diameter of the bottom of the hydraulic cylinders 33, facilitating the installation of the hydraulic cylinders 33.
  • Fixed, the boss 132 can provide a greater push elevation for the hydraulic ram 33.
  • the freezing machine 41 includes a refrigerating device, a heating device, and a pumping device, and is capable of freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample.
  • the bottom end of the freezer 44 is provided with a threaded end 443.
  • the freezer 44 is screwed to the freezer base 219 by a threaded end 443. After the freezer 44 is mounted on the base 219, the bottom end of the freezer 44 is in close contact with the base 219. To prevent the effect of insulation and to prevent the soil sample from falling.
  • the top end of the freezer 44 extends through the center hole 113 to the outside of the upper cover 11.
  • the freezer 44 is a sleeve structure, and the freezer 44 is composed of an inner tube 441 and an outer tube 442 sleeved on the outer circumference of the inner tube 441.
  • the bottom end of the outer tube 442 is closed, and the bottom and outer portions of the inner tube 441 are closed.
  • the bottom of the tube 442 is connected, the top end of the inner tube 441 is in communication with the liquid supply tube 42, the liquid return tube 43 is connected to the side wall of the upper portion of the outer tube 442, and the top end of the outer tube 442 is provided with a protruding ring 444 for blocking the outer tube 442.
  • the medium exchanges heat with the soil sample in the freezer 44, and then freezes or forcibly thaws the soil sample.
  • the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 are disposed at one end of the freezing machine 41 with a control valve 45, and the control valve 45 is used for opening and
  • the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 are closed, and one end of the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 near the freezer 44 is provided with a manual regulating valve 46, and the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 are provided with a flow meter 47.
  • the portion of the freezer 44 that extends beyond the upper cover 11 is provided with a thermal insulation sleeve 48.
  • the thermal insulation sleeve 48 is deformable to accommodate movement of the upper cover 11.
  • the medium is alcohol
  • the alcohol has a freezing point of -117.3 ° C and a boiling point of 78 ° C, which can simultaneously satisfy the requirements of high temperature or low temperature of the medium.
  • the inner tube 441 and the outer tube 442 are made of a copper tube, and the copper tube has good thermal conductivity and can improve the efficiency of freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample.
  • the outer diameter of the freezer is 159 mm
  • the outer diameter of the freezer 44 is determined by the similarity ratio
  • the similarity ratio may be 1-20
  • the outer diameter of the outer tube 442 of the corresponding freezer may be 8 ⁇ 159mm
  • the similarity ratio of the freezer 44 should be consistent with the similarity ratio of the barrel 12, so the similarity ratio of the freezer 44 is 2
  • the outer diameter of the outer tube 442 of the corresponding freezer 44 is 80 mm
  • the outer diameter of the inner tube 441 For the outer diameter of the outer tube 442 Double (ie, the outer diameter of the inner tube 441 is 56 mm).
  • the experimental device further includes a displacement collecting device 27, the two displacement collecting devices are oppositely disposed on the upper surface of the upper cover, and the data collecting device is used to collect the upper cover 11 in the soil during the freezing of the soil sample
  • the amount of displacement under the action of frost heave is determined by averaging the data of the displacement dial gauge 271 to determine the final frost heave ratio.
  • the displacement collecting device 27 is composed of a displacement dial gauge 271, a displacement device base 272, a column 274, and a beam 275.
  • the column 274 is disposed at the top end of the cylinder 12 through the displacement device base 272.
  • the beam 275 is disposed in parallel with the upper cover 11.
  • the displacement dial gauge 271 is vertically disposed on the upper surface of the upper cover 11, the bottom end of the displacement dial 271 is abutted against the upper surface of the upper cover 11, and the displacement dial 271 is fixed to the beam 275 disposed by the knob bolt 273. The other end.
  • the displacement device base 272 is processed by a neodymium iron boron magnet, and the displacement device base 272 is adsorbed on the outer edge of the top end of the cylinder 12 by the strong adsorption force of the neodymium iron boron magnet, so that the installation is convenient for installation. And adjusting the beam 275 and the displacement dial gauge 271.
  • the invention also discloses an experimental method for artificial layer freezing using an artificial ground freezing experimental device for multi-parameter dynamic acquisition, comprising the following steps:
  • Installation inspection test equipment The location of the soil sample container 1 is detected by the level meter in advance, and the soil sample container 1 is placed on a horizontal floor, the upper cover 11 is removed, and the hydraulic control device 31 of the hydraulic system 3 is opened. The data acquisition panel 21 is pushed up by the hydraulic cylinder 33, the data acquisition panel 21 is raised to the top end of the soil sample container 1, and the moisture collection probe 223 and the salt collection probe 220 disposed on the data collection panel 21 are inspected and inspected. After the completion, the data collecting panel 21 is played back to the bottom position of the soil sample container 1 by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 33, and the freezer 44 is mounted on the freezer base 219 of the data collecting panel 21;
  • the flatness of the filling plane is adjusted and the soil sample filling is adjusted to the level of the plane according to the test result, and then the temperature collecting panel 23 is installed into the soil sample container 1, and the temperature data line 235 is taken out from the first lead hole 124, and is first
  • the gap of the lead hole 124 is sealed with epoxy resin, and the height of the filled soil sample is controlled by the scale line on the inner cylinder 122, and the soil sample is continuously filled to the position of the lower surface of the upper cover 11, and the horizontal plane is measured by the level meter.
  • the soil sample plane is adjusted to the level of the plane, and then the upper cover 11 is installed, and the level tester 116 is used to test whether the upper cover 11 is horizontal.
  • the displacement collecting device 27 is mounted thereon. On the upper surface of the cover 11.
  • step 1.2 Connecting the freezing tube: After the soil sample filling is completed in step 1.2), the heat insulating sleeve 48 is attached to the portion of the freezer 44 that extends out of the upper cover 11, and the inner tube 441 of the freezer 44 is connected to the freezing machine 41 through the liquid supply tube 42.
  • the outer tube 442 of the freezer communicates with the freezing machine 41 through the liquid return pipe 43, and the manual regulating valve 46 is attached to the one end of the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 near the freezer 44, respectively, at one end near the freezing machine 41, respectively.
  • the temperature collecting component 231 is connected to the data line of the temperature collecting device 24 through the temperature data line 235, and the salt collecting component 213 is connected to the data line of the salt collecting device 26 through the salt data line 222 to collect moisture.
  • Element 214 is coupled to the data line of moisture collection device 25 via moisture data line 224;
  • the temperature monitoring data of the same lap obtained at the same time in a single test is screened, and the data that is different from other data is excluded, and the remaining correct temperature data is averaged as the temperature test data at the time and the position.
  • the temperature of different locations on the same plane is plotted as a graph of time, and the same method is used to sort out salt, moisture, and frost heave.
  • the soil of the soil sample may be various soils.
  • the soil of the soil sample is one of clay, sand and sandy clay, and the soil of clay, sand and sandy clay. It has a wide distribution range for the offshore area and can reflect the physical properties of the offshore stratum as a whole.
  • the moisture content of the soil sample is 0-40% (such as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), preferably, soil.
  • the moisture content is 20-40% (such as 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%).
  • the salt content of the aqueous solution in which the soil sample is disposed is 1% to 3% (for example, 1%, 2%, 3%).
  • step 1.3 the test time interval of the temperature collecting device 24 is 10 to 60 min, the test time interval of the moisture collecting device 25 and the salt collecting device 26 is 30 to 60 min, and the data collecting time interval of the displacement collecting device 27 is 30 to 60 min. ;
  • the hydraulic cylinder 33 has a pushing elevation of 5 to 20 cm each time.
  • the pushing elevation per time is preferably 10 cm.
  • an experimental device and an experimental method for artificial layer freezing of multi-parameter dynamic acquisition comprises a soil sample container, a data acquisition system, a hydraulic system and a freezing system, and the experimental device can freeze or forcibly thaw the soil sample of the artificial ground layer, During the freezing process, the data of multiple parameters such as water, salt, temperature and displacement of the soil sample can be dynamically collected.
  • the experimental device can simulate the test environment of the frozen salt formation in the offshore.
  • the freezing machine 41 lowers or raises the temperature of the medium and pumps the medium through the liquid supply pipe 42 to the freezer 44, and the freezer 44 exchanges heat with the soil sample, thereby freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample, and completing the medium for heat exchange.
  • the circulation is completed by returning to the freezer 41 through the liquid return pipe 43.
  • the moisture collecting component 214, the salt collecting component 213 and the temperature collecting component 231 disposed in the soil sample dynamically collect data of moisture, salt and temperature of the soil sample, and the data are respectively transmitted to the moisture.
  • the collecting device 25, the salt collecting device 26 and the temperature collecting device 24 are arranged to dynamically collect the data of the frost heave rate of the soil sample with the displacement percentage table 271 of the upper surface of the upper cover 11. After the data is collected, the computer is responsible for the moisture, salt and temperature.
  • the data of frost heave rate are processed and plotted into a graph according to the law, which is used to study the freezing law of salted frozen soil and provide reference for the design and construction of freezing plan of coastal saline soil.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif expérimental de congélation de sol artificiel et un procédé expérimental d'acquisition dynamique de multiples paramètres. Le dispositif expérimental comprend un récipient d'échantillon de terre (1), un système d'acquisition de données (2), un système hydraulique (3) et un système de congélation (4). Le récipient d'échantillon de terre (1) comprend un couvercle supérieur (11), un cylindre (12), et une plaque inférieure (13). Le système d'acquisition de données (2) comprend un panneau d'acquisition de données (21), un dispositif d'acquisition d'eau (214) et un dispositif d'acquisition de sel (213). Le système de congélation (4) comprend une machine de congélation (41), un tuyau de distribution de liquide (42), un tuyau de retour de liquide (43), et un congélateur (44). La machine de congélation (41) est destinée à générer et pomper un milieu à basse température ou haute température, et un échange de chaleur entre le milieu et l'échantillon de terre est effectué dans le congélateur (44). Le dispositif expérimental peut congeler ou décongeler de force un échantillon de terre de sol artificiel, et peut acquérir de manière dynamique des données de multiples paramètres de l'échantillon de terre dans le processus de congélation tel que l'humidité, la salinité, la température et le déplacement. Le dispositif expérimental peut simuler l'environnement d'expérience du gel de sol salin en mer et être utilisé pour étudier la loi de congélation d'un gélisol salin, et fournit une référence pour la conception et la mise en œuvre du schéma de congélation de sol salin en mer. Le procédé expérimental est un procédé d'acquisition dynamique de multiples paramètres.
PCT/CN2018/090842 2018-05-23 2018-06-12 Dispositif expérimental de congélation de sol artificiel et procédé expérimental d'acquisition dynamique de multiples paramètres WO2019214007A1 (fr)

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CN114910507A (zh) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-16 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 土样冻结测试方法及相关设备
US12031971B2 (en) 2022-05-11 2024-07-09 Northwest Institute Of Eco-Environment And Resources, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Method for testing frost susceptibility of soils and associated apparatus
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CN116223505B (zh) * 2023-05-09 2023-07-21 深圳市长勘勘察设计有限公司 土质检测分析仪器
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