WO2019128610A1 - 车门及其驱动器 - Google Patents

车门及其驱动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128610A1
WO2019128610A1 PCT/CN2018/118175 CN2018118175W WO2019128610A1 WO 2019128610 A1 WO2019128610 A1 WO 2019128610A1 CN 2018118175 W CN2018118175 W CN 2018118175W WO 2019128610 A1 WO2019128610 A1 WO 2019128610A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
door
shaft
gearbox
planetary
output shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/118175
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龚红宇
江远
杨清春
邱湘淮
Original Assignee
广东肇庆爱龙威机电有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广东肇庆爱龙威机电有限公司 filed Critical 广东肇庆爱龙威机电有限公司
Priority to EP18893470.7A priority Critical patent/EP3734008A4/en
Priority to US16/768,744 priority patent/US20210140516A1/en
Priority to KR1020207021701A priority patent/KR20200120906A/ko
Priority to JP2020555275A priority patent/JP2021508798A/ja
Publication of WO2019128610A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128610A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/46—Systems consisting of a plurality of gear trains each with orbital gears, i.e. systems having three or more central gears
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/611—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for swinging wings
    • E05F15/614—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for swinging wings operated by meshing gear wheels, one of which being mounted at the wing pivot axis; operated by a motor acting directly on the wing pivot axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/611—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for swinging wings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/32—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/43—Motors
    • E05Y2201/434—Electromotors; Details thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/71—Toothed gearing
    • E05Y2201/72—Planetary gearing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/20—Combinations of elements
    • E05Y2800/23—Combinations of elements of elements of different categories
    • E05Y2800/232—Combinations of elements of elements of different categories of motors and transmissions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/20—Combinations of elements
    • E05Y2800/244—Combinations of elements arranged in serial relationship
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/531—Doors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular, to a vehicle door and a driver for opening and closing the vehicle door.
  • Doors with automatic switching function are becoming standard equipment for many passenger cars, especially high-end passenger cars.
  • the closing of the ordinary door requires the passenger to pull the door hard. This often causes the door to collide with the body due to excessive pulling force. However, when the pulling force is too low, the door may not be successfully locked, and the passenger often gets caught at high speed. Take out the tragedy outside the car.
  • one of the prior art solutions is to install a pull rod or a drawstring at the top or bottom of the door, and the other end of the pull rod or the drawstring is connected to the motor, and the appropriate pull force is applied to the pull rod or the pull rope by the motor to switch.
  • Car door In another conventional solution, a motor is mounted inside the sheet metal of the door, and the motor is coupled to the door shaft through a rack, and the rotation of the motor is transmitted to the door shaft through the rack to open and close the door.
  • the solution and other door automatic switching functions of the prior art are unsatisfactory. For example, there may not be enough space in the door to accommodate the transmission mechanism such as the pull rod, the drawstring or the rack, or the transmission mechanism breaks the integrity and simplicity of the door.
  • the drive of the present invention can be installed using the space of the door door shaft portion without affecting the integrity of the door body.
  • the transmission input shaft is configured as a first sun gear.
  • the planetary gearbox further includes a non-rotatably mounted gearbox housing, the inner surface of the gearbox housing forming a ring gear.
  • the planetary gear transmission further includes a first planet carrier on which a first planet gear meshing with the ring gear is disposed, and a rotating shaft of the first planet carrier is formed as the shifting gear Box output shaft.
  • the planetary gearbox further includes a second planet carrier on which a second planet gear meshing with the ring gear is disposed, and a rotating shaft of the second planet carrier is disposed with the The first planetary gear set) engages the second sun gear.
  • the planetary gear transmission further includes a third planet carrier on which a third planet gear is disposed, the third planet gear meshes with the ring gear and the gearbox input shaft, and the The rotating shaft of the three planet carrier is disposed as a third sun gear that meshes with the second planetary gear.
  • the gearbox input shaft, the third sun gear, the second sun gear, and the gearbox output shaft are coaxially disposed.
  • the planetary gearbox further includes a flange that is fixedly coupled to the motor in the axial direction and fixedly coupled to the transmission housing in the radial direction.
  • the gearbox output shaft includes a flat free end that extends into a groove having a mating configuration on one end of the door shaft.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle door including a door body and a door shaft for pivotally mounting the door body to the vehicle body, the door shaft having a driver mounted thereon, the driver including an electric motor and a planetary gear transmission
  • the motor includes a motor output shaft, the planetary gearbox (50) including: a gearbox input shaft coaxially coupled to the motor output shaft; and a gearbox output shaft coaxially coupled to the One end of the door shaft provides the required torque to switch the door to the door shaft.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a vehicle door 10 according to the present invention, the door shaft 30 of the door 10 is coaxially mounted with a driver 20 according to the present invention, the driver 20 provides pivoting torque to the door shaft 30 to open and close the door 10;
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a driver 20 according to the present invention, comprising an axially coupled motor 40 and a planetary gearbox 50;
  • Figure 3 shows an exploded view of the drive 20 of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the planetary gearbox 50 of FIG. 3.
  • ⁇ RTI ID 0.0>1 ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ RTIgt; ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ RTIgt; ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ RTIgt; ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ RTIgt; ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ RTIgt; ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ RTIgt;
  • first”, “second”, etc. which may be used in the following description, are not intended to limit any order, and are merely intended to distinguish between individual parts, parts, structures, elements, etc., and such separate parts, parts
  • the structure, components, and elements may be the same, similar, or different.
  • descriptions of orientations that may be used in the following descriptions such as “upper”, “lower”, “inner”, “outer”, “left”, “right”, “radial”, “axial”, etc., Unless otherwise stated, it is only for convenience of description, and no limitation is intended to the technical solution of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a particular vehicle door 10 including a door body 11 and a door axle 30 for pivotally mounting the door body 11 to the vehicle body 70, the door shaft 30 being coaxial on the door shaft 30, in accordance with the present invention.
  • a drive 20 is installed.
  • the driver 20 provides pivoting torque to the door shaft 30 to open and close the door 10.
  • the figure shows a plurality of pivotal positions of the door 10 under the drive of the drive 20, wherein the door 10 is pivoted until it is aligned with the body 70 and the door 10 is closed and locked.
  • the driver 20 is mounted to the upper end portion of the door shaft 30 and the two are coaxially aligned, but the driver can also be mounted to the lower end portion of the door shaft 30.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the driver 20, wherein the driver 20 includes an electric motor 40 and a planetary gearbox 50.
  • the motor 40 is axially aligned and coupled with the planetary gearbox 50 such that the torque of the motor 40 can be output by the transmission output shaft 51 after being increased by the transmission 50 and supplied to the connected door shaft 30 to open and close the door. 10.
  • the motor 40 has a cylindrical motor casing 41.
  • the inner cavity of the motor casing 41 is provided with a stator winding and a rotor (not shown).
  • the stator winding generates a rotating magnetic field after being energized and acts on the rotor.
  • a magnetoelectric rotational torque is formed.
  • One end of the motor housing 41 protrudes from the motor output shaft 42.
  • the motor 40 can be any suitable similar motor of the prior art, preferably a direct current motor, although the alternating current motor is also in accordance with the principles and requirements of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the planetary gearbox 50 in the driver 20.
  • the gearbox 50 includes a flange 70 that can be axially fixed to one end of the motor 4, such as a screw passing through the flange 70 and being screwed to the flange 70.
  • the flange 70 is fixedly mounted to the transmission case 60, for example, by screws.
  • the transmission case 60 has a cylindrical shape having substantially the same outer diameter as the motor case 41, and the inner surface of the transmission case 60 forms a ring gear 61.
  • Also disposed within the transmission housing 60 are three planetary gear sets, each planetary gear set including three planet gears, a planet carrier for mounting the planet wheels, and a rotating shaft fixed to the planet carrier and rotating therewith.
  • a first planetary gear set is disposed in the transmission housing 60, and includes a first planet carrier 52 on which three first planets meshing with the ring gear 61 are disposed A gear 53 and a rotating shaft of the first carrier 52 are formed as the transmission output shaft 51.
  • the gearbox output shaft 51 includes a flat free end that extends into a recess of the same configuration on one end of the axle of the door, such that the gearbox output shaft 51 is coupled to the door axle 30 of the door 10.
  • a pivoting torque is provided to open and close the door 10.
  • the gearbox output shaft 51 can also be coaxially coupled to the door shaft 30 by other forms, such as a threaded connection or the like.
  • a second planetary gear set including a second planet carrier 54 on which are disposed three third planetary gears 55 that mesh with the ring gear 61, And the rotating shaft of the second carrier 54 is disposed as a second sun gear 56 that meshes with the first planetary gear set 53.
  • a third planetary gear set including a third planet carrier 57 having three third planet gears 58 disposed thereon, the third planet gears 58 being The ring gear 61 is engaged, and the rotation shaft of the third carrier 57 is disposed as a third sun gear 59 that meshes with the second planetary gear 55.
  • the planetary gearbox 50 further includes a gearbox input shaft 90 having teeth disposed on its surface, one end of which is coaxially coupled to the motor output shaft 42 and the other end of which is the sun gear and the third planet gear 58.
  • a gearbox input shaft 90 having teeth disposed on its surface, one end of which is coaxially coupled to the motor output shaft 42 and the other end of which is the sun gear and the third planet gear 58.
  • the transmission input shaft 90, the third sun gear 59, the second sun gear 56, and the transmission output shaft 51 are coaxially disposed.
  • the motor output shaft 42 drives the transmission input shaft 90, and the torque of the transmission input shaft 90 is sequentially transmitted to the third planetary gear 58, the third carrier 57, the third sun gear 59, and the second planetary gear. 55.
  • the second carrier 54, the second sun gear 56, the first planetary gear 53, and the first carrier 52 are finally output by the transmission output shaft 51.
  • the rotational power output by the motor is reduced in speed and the torque is increased.
  • a seal ring 81 may be disposed on the transmission input shaft 90, and a seal ring 83 may be disposed between the flange 70 and the transmission case 60,
  • An oil seal 82 may also be disposed at the right end of the transmission housing 60 to seal the internal structure of the transmission.
  • other seals, bearings, snaps, etc. can be placed in the gearbox housing 60 at suitable locations as desired.
  • the driver 20 shown in Figures 3 and 4 is driven by the provision of a planetary gearbox 50, which can effectively reduce the radial dimension of the drive while providing high torque, and thus can be configured to match the door axle 30 of the door.
  • the configuration is mounted directly on the door shaft 30 and provides torque from the end of the door shaft 30.
  • the drive of the present invention can be installed using the space of the door door shaft portion without affecting the integrity of the door body.
  • each gear set includes three planetary gears
  • more or fewer planetary gear sets and planet gears on each planetary gear set may be provided, This mainly depends on the installation space of the drive and the deceleration requirements. For example, in order to provide a larger reduction ratio and allow for the planetary installation space of the drive, more planetary gear sets can be used; conversely, fewer planets can be used, sufficient to meet the reduction ratio requirements.
  • the gear set for example, may be provided with only a single planetary gear set to reduce the axial length of the drive such that the transmission input shaft 90 directly engages the first planetary gear 52. Alternatively, only the third planetary gear set and the first planetary gear set shown in the figures may be included.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于开关车门（10）的驱动器（20），该驱动器（20）包括电动机（40）和行星齿轮变速箱（50），其中，所述电动机（40）包括电机输出轴（42），所述行星齿轮变速箱（50）包括：变速箱输入轴（90），其同轴地连接所述电机输出轴（42）；变速箱输出轴（51），其同轴地连接所述车门的门轴的一个端部以对门轴（30）提供开关车门（10）所需的扭矩。相比现有技术的车门开关功能，该驱动器（20）可以利用车门（10）门轴（30）部位的空间进行安装，而不会影响车门（10）门体的整体性。此外，还提供了一种具有所述驱动器（20）的车门（10）。

Description

车门及其驱动器
本申请要求于2017年12月26日递交的中国专利申请第201711428596.5号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆技术领域，尤其涉及一种车门以及用于开关车门的驱动器。
背景技术
具有自动开关功能的车门逐渐成为众多乘用车、尤其是高档乘用车的标配。普通车门的关闭需要乘客用力牵拉车门，这往往会导致车门碰撞车身因为拉力过大而造成损坏，而在拉力过小时车门却可能未能成功上锁，进而经常发生乘客在车辆高速行驶时被甩出车外的惨剧。
为实现自动开关车门，现有技术的方案之一为在车门的顶部或底部安装拉杆或拉绳，拉杆或拉绳的另一端连接电机，通过电机对该拉杆或拉绳施加合适的拉力而开关车门。在另一个现有方案中，在车门的钣金内部安装电机，电机通过齿条连接车门门轴，电机的旋转通过齿条传递至门轴而开关车门。然而，所述方案以及现有技术的其他车门自动开关功能均不能令人满意。比如，车门内可能并没有足够的空间来容纳所述拉杆、拉绳或者齿条等传动机构，或者所述传动机构破坏了车门的整体性和简洁性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于开关车门的驱动器，该驱动器包括电动机和行星齿轮变速箱，其中，所述电动机包括电机输出轴，所述行星齿轮变速箱包括：变速箱输入轴，其同轴地连接所述电机输出轴；变速箱输出轴，其同轴地连接所述车门的门轴的一个端部以对门轴提供开关车门所 需的扭矩。
相比现有技术的车门开关功能，本发明的驱动器可以利用车门门轴部位的空间进行安装，而不会影响车门门体的整体性。
有益的是，所述变速箱输入轴被设置为第一太阳轮。
有益的是，所述行星齿轮变速箱还包括不可转动地安装的变速箱壳体，该变速箱壳体的内表面形成齿圈。
有益的是，所述行星齿轮变速箱还包括第一行星架，该第一行星架上布置有与所述齿圈啮合的第一行星齿轮，并且该第一行星架的转轴形成为所述变速箱输出轴。
有益的是，所述行星齿轮变速箱还包括第二行星架，该第二行星架上布置有与所述齿圈啮合的第二行星齿轮，并且该第二行星架的转轴设置为与所述第一行星齿轮组)啮合的第二太阳轮。
有益的是，所述行星齿轮变速箱还包括第三行星架，该第三行星架上布置有第三行星齿轮，该第三行星齿轮与所述齿圈和变速箱输入轴啮合，并且该第三行星架的转轴设置为与所述第二行星齿轮啮合的第三太阳轮。
有益的是，所述变速箱输入轴、第三太阳轮、第二太阳轮和变速箱输出轴同轴布置。
有益的是，所述行星齿轮变速箱还包括法兰，该法兰在轴向上与电机固定连接、在径向上与变速箱壳体固定连接。
有益的是，所述变速箱输出轴包括扁形的自由端，该自由端伸入车门门轴的一个端部上的具有匹配构型的凹槽内。
另一方面，本发明还提供一种车门，包括门体和用于将门体可枢转地安装至车身上的门轴，所述门轴上安装有驱动器，该驱动器包括电动机和行星齿轮变速箱，所述电动机包括电机输出轴，所述行星齿轮变速箱(50)包括：变速箱输入轴，其同轴地连接所述电机输出轴；和变速箱输出轴，其同轴地连接至所述门轴的一个端部以对门轴提供开关车门所需的扭矩。
附图说明
本发明的其他细节及优点将通过下文提供的详细描述而变得显而易见。下文将参照附图来进行详细描述，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的一种车门10的示意图，车门10的门轴30上同轴地安装有根据本发明的驱动器20，驱动器20对门轴30提供枢转扭矩以开关车门10；
图2示出了根据本发明的一种驱动器20的立体示意图，其包括轴向连接的电动机40和行星齿轮变速箱50；
图3示出了图2中的驱动器20的分解图；
图4为图3的行星齿轮变速箱50的剖视图。
上述附图所示出的内容仅为举例和示意，而并不严格按照比例予以绘制，也并未完整地绘制出具体使用环境下相关的全部部件或细节。本领域技术人员在明了本发明的原理和构思之后，将能想到在特定的使用环境下为具体实施本发明而需要加入的本领域公知的相关技术内容。
具体实施方式
在以下描述中可能使用的术语“第一”、“第二”等并不意欲限制任何序位，其目的仅仅在于区分各个独立的部件、零件、结构、元件等，并且这些独立的部件、零件、结构、元件可以相同、类似或者不同。同时，在以下描述中可能使用的关于方位的说明，比如“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“左”、“右”、“径向”、“轴向”等，除非具有明确说明，仅为了方便描述，而无欲对发明技术方案形成任何限定。
图1为根据本发明的一个具体的车门10的示意图，该车门10包括门体11和用于将门体11可枢转地安装至车身70上的门轴30，所述门轴30上同轴地安装有驱动器20。驱动器20对门轴30提供枢转扭矩以开关车门10。图中示出了车门10在驱动器20的驱动下的多个枢转位置，其中车门10枢转至与车身70对齐时车门10关闭并上锁。在图中，驱动器20安装于门轴30的上端部并且两者同轴对齐，但是，驱动器也可以安装于门轴 30的下端部。
图2为驱动器20的立体图，其中，该驱动器20包括电动机40和行星齿轮变速箱50。电动机40与行星齿轮变速箱50轴向对齐并连接，从而电动机40的扭矩可以在经变速箱50增大后由变速箱输出轴51输出，并提供给所连接的车门门轴30，以开关车门10。
如图3所示，电动机40具有圆筒形的电机外壳41,电机外壳41的内腔布置有定子绕组和转子(图中未示出)，定子绕组在通电后产生旋转磁场并作用于转子以形成磁电动力旋转扭矩。电机外壳41的其中一个端部伸出有电机输出轴42。所述电动机40可以为现有技术的任何合适类似的电动机，优选直流电动机，虽然交流电动机也符合本发明的原理和要求。
以下将参照图3并进一步结合图4详细描述驱动器20的具体结构，其中，图4为驱动器20中的行星齿轮变速箱50的剖视图。
变速箱50包括法兰70，法兰70能够在轴向上固定至电机4的一个端部，比如将螺钉穿过法兰70并拧紧至法兰70。法兰70例如通过螺钉在径向上固定安装变速箱壳体60。变速箱壳体60为与电机外壳41具有大致相同外径的圆筒状，该变速箱壳体60的内表面形成齿圈61。所述变速箱壳体60内还布置有三个行星齿轮组，每个行星齿轮组包括三个行星轮、用于安装所述行星轮的行星架以及固定至行星架并随其旋转的转轴。
具体而言，所述变速箱壳体60内布置有第一行星齿轮组，其包括第一行星架52，该第一行星架52上布置有与所述齿圈61啮合的三个第一行星齿轮53，并且该第一行星架52的转轴形成为所述变速箱输出轴51。所述变速箱输出轴51包括扁形的自由端，该自由端伸入车门转轴的一个端部上具有同样构型的凹槽内，从而所述变速箱输出轴51与车门10的门轴30连接并对其提供枢转扭矩，以开关车门10。所述变速箱输出轴51也可以通过其他的形式与门轴30同轴地连接，比如螺纹连接等。
所述变速箱壳体60内还布置有第二行星齿轮组，其包括第二行星架54，该第二行星架54上布置有与所述齿圈61啮合的三个第二行星齿轮55，并且该第二行星架54的转轴设置为与所述第一行星齿轮组53啮合的第二 太阳轮56。
所述变速箱壳体60内还布置有第三行星齿轮组，其包括第三行星架57，该第三行星架57上布置有三个第三行星齿轮58，该第三行星齿轮58与所述齿圈61啮合，并且该第三行星架57的转轴设置为与所述第二行星齿轮55啮合的第三太阳轮59。
所述行星齿轮变速箱50还包括表面设置有轮齿的变速箱输入轴90，该变速箱输入轴90的一端与电机输出轴42同轴地连接，另一端作为太阳轮与第三行星齿轮58啮合。有益的是，所述变速箱输入轴90、第三太阳轮59、第二太阳轮56和变速箱输出轴51同轴布置。
在启动电机40时，电机输出轴42带动变速箱输入轴90，变速箱输入轴90的扭矩进而依次传递至第三行星齿轮58、第三行星架57、第三太阳轮59、第二行星齿轮55、第二行星架54、第二太阳轮56、第一行星齿轮53、第一行星架52，并最终由变速箱输出轴51输出。经由上述传递，电机所输出的旋转动力在速度上得以减小、并且扭矩得以增加。
除了上述描述的结构外，驱动器中还可以根据需要布置其他的功能构件，比如可以在变速箱输入轴90上布置密封环81，在法兰70与变速箱壳体60之间布置密封环83，还可以在变速箱壳体60的右端布置油封82，以对变速箱的内部结构实施密封。此外，变速箱壳体60内还可根据需要在合适的位置布置其他的密封件、轴承、卡簧等。
图3和4中所示出的驱动器20通过设置行星齿轮变速箱50进行传动，在提供大扭矩的同时，可以有效减小驱动器的径向尺寸，从而能够被构造为与车门的门轴30匹配的构型并直接安装在门轴30上并从门轴30的端部提供扭矩。相比现有技术的车门开关功能，本发明的驱动器可以利用车门门轴部位的空间进行安装，而不会影响车门门体的整体性。
虽然在图中示出的实施例中设置有三个行星齿轮组并且每个齿轮组包括三个行星齿轮，也可以设置更多或更少的行星齿轮组以及每个行星齿轮组上的行星轮，这主要取决于驱动器的安装空间以及减速要求等。比如，为了提供更大的减速比并且在驱动器的轴向安装空间允许的情况下，可以 采用更多的行星齿轮组；相反地，在足以满足减速比要求的情况下，可以采用更少的行星齿轮组，比如可以仅仅设置单个行星齿轮组以减小驱动器的轴向长度，从而变速箱输入轴90直接啮合第一行星齿轮52。或者，可以仅仅包括图中示出的第三行星齿轮组和第一行星齿轮组。
上文描述的仅仅是有关本发明的精神和原理的示例性实施方式。本领域技术人员可以明白，在不背离所述精神和原理的前提下，可以对所描述的示例做出各种变化，这些变化及其各种等同方式均被本发明人所预想到，并落入由本发明的权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于开关车门(10)的驱动器(20)，该驱动器(20)包括：
    电动机(40)，其包括电机输出轴(42)；
    行星齿轮变速箱(50)，其包括：
    变速箱输入轴(90)，其同轴地连接所述电机输出轴(42)；
    变速箱输出轴(51)，其同轴地连接所述车门(10)的门轴(30)的一个端部以对门轴(30)提供开关车门(10)所需的扭矩。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的驱动器，其特征在于，所述变速箱输入轴(90)被设置为第一太阳轮。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的驱动器，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮变速箱(50)还包括不可转动地安装的变速箱壳体(60)，该变速箱壳体(60)的内表面形成齿圈(61)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的驱动器，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮变速箱(50)还包括第一行星架(52)，该第一行星架(52)上布置有与所述齿圈(61)啮合的第一行星齿轮(53)，并且该第一行星架(52)的转轴形成为所述变速箱输出轴(51)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的驱动器，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮变速箱(50)还包括第二行星架(54)，该第二行星架(54)上布置有与所述齿圈(61)啮合的第二行星齿轮(55)，并且该第二行星架(54)的转轴设置为与所述第一行星齿轮组(53)啮合的第二太阳轮(56)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的驱动器，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮变速箱(50)还包括第三行星架(57)，该第三行星架(57)上布置有第三行星齿轮 (58)，该第三行星齿轮(58)与所述齿圈(61)和变速箱输入轴(52)啮合，并且该第三行星架(57)的转轴设置为与所述第二行星齿轮(55)啮合的第三太阳轮(59)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的驱动器，其特征在于，所述变速箱输入轴(90)、第三太阳轮(59)、第二太阳轮(56)和变速箱输出轴(51)同轴布置。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的驱动器，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮变速箱(50)还包括法兰(70)，该法兰(70)在轴向上与电机(40)固定连接、在径向上与变速箱壳体(60)固定连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的驱动器，所述变速箱输出轴(51)包括扁形的自由端，该自由端伸入车门门轴(30)的一个端部上的具有匹配构型的凹槽内。
  10. 一种车门(10)，包括门体(11)和用于将门体(11)可枢转地安装至车身(70)上的门轴(30)，所述门轴(30)上安装有驱动器(20)，该驱动器(20)包括：
    电动机(40)，其包括电机输出轴(42)；和
    行星齿轮变速箱(50)，其包括：
    变速箱输入轴(90)，其同轴地连接所述电机输出轴(42)；和
    变速箱输出轴(51)，其同轴地连接至所述门轴(30)的一个端部以对门轴(30)提供开关车门(10)所需的扭矩。
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