WO2019061225A1 - 用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置 - Google Patents

用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019061225A1
WO2019061225A1 PCT/CN2017/104211 CN2017104211W WO2019061225A1 WO 2019061225 A1 WO2019061225 A1 WO 2019061225A1 CN 2017104211 W CN2017104211 W CN 2017104211W WO 2019061225 A1 WO2019061225 A1 WO 2019061225A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
cam
gear
changing device
rotation direction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/104211
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周刚
Original Assignee
徕卡显微***(上海)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 徕卡显微***(上海)有限公司 filed Critical 徕卡显微***(上海)有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2017/104211 priority Critical patent/WO2019061225A1/zh
Priority to EP17926927.9A priority patent/EP3677894A4/en
Priority to US16/650,880 priority patent/US11796427B2/en
Priority to JP2020516453A priority patent/JP6997865B2/ja
Publication of WO2019061225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019061225A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/302—Final output mechanisms for reversing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/06—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear
    • F16H3/34—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear with gears shiftable otherwise than only axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear
    • F16H3/40—Gearings for reversal only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/06—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome
    • G01N2001/065—Drive details

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of slicer technology, and in particular to a rotation direction changing device for a slicer.
  • the cutting unit is driven by rotating at least one hand wheel.
  • Some operators feel that it is more comfortable to turn the handwheel clockwise, while some operators feel that it is more comfortable to turn the handwheel counterclockwise. Therefore, there are two types of microtome on the market, in which the hand wheel of one slicer needs to rotate clockwise, while the hand wheel of the other slicer needs to rotate counterclockwise. Consumers must choose one of these two options when purchasing. It is only through the large-scale and cumbersome transformation of the technicians that the direction of rotation can be changed afterwards.
  • U.S. Patent No. US2012060664A1 describes a microtome having means for reversing the direction of rotation.
  • the microtome has a first shaft that is mounted in a fixed position and that can be driven by a hand wheel and that is mounted non-rotatably on the first gear.
  • the microtome further includes a second shaft mounted in the fixed position and the second gear is non-rotatably mounted thereon.
  • the first gear and the second gear are coupled to each other by a transmission unit such that the second shaft can be driven by the first shaft. In the first position of the transmission unit, the two shafts are rotatable in the same direction, whereas in the second transmission position, the two shafts are rotatable in opposite directions.
  • a slicer including a first shaft, a first gear, a second shaft, a second gear, a drive unit, and a switching unit.
  • the first shaft is mounted to the fixed position and can be driven by the hand wheel;
  • the first gear is non-rotatably mounted to the first shaft;
  • the second shaft is mounted to the other fixed position;
  • the second gear is non-rotatably mounted to the second On the shaft;
  • the first gear and the second gear are coupled to each other by the driving unit; such that the second shaft can be driven by the first shaft; and the switching unit is for pivotally driving the driving unit between the first position and the second position Switch.
  • the first shaft and the second shaft rotate in the same direction when the drive unit is at the first position; and the first shaft and the second shaft rotate in opposite directions when the drive unit is at the second position.
  • the drive unit includes first intermediate teeth and second intermediate teeth that are engaged with each other; at the first position, the two shafts are connected by one of the two intermediate teeth, and in the second position, the two shafts are composed of two intermediate teeth connection.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,900,545 B2 describes a crankshaft drive system for a slicer shaft that includes a first shaft and a second shaft.
  • the first shaft is rotatable with the crankshaft and includes a first transfer gear.
  • the second shaft includes a second transfer gear.
  • the rotation of the first shaft is transferable from the first transfer gear to the second transfer gear to cause the second shaft to rotate.
  • the sample can be advanced and lowered in two oppositely oriented directions of rotation using the same crank drive system.
  • the crankshaft drive system is characterized in that a third transmission gear is provided, the first transmission gear being selectively connectable to the second transmission gear or to the third Transfer gear engagement. Therefore, as a result, the rotational direction of the first shaft can be reversed while maintaining the rotational direction of the second shaft.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,976,917 B2 describes a slicer having a lever arrangement, the lever arrangement for the slicer comprising: first and second levers, the first lever being rotatably mounted about the first axis.
  • the second lever is rotatably mounted about the second axis.
  • One lever includes two guide faces and the other lever includes a guide segment. The guiding segment cooperates with the two guiding surfaces such that rotation of the first lever in the first direction causes the second lever to rotate in the target direction, and rotation of the first lever in a direction opposite to the first direction causes the second lever to rotate in the target direction.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a rotation direction changing device for a microtome which has the advantages of simple structure and low friction.
  • a rotation direction changing device includes: a first shaft, the first shaft being disposed at a first fixed position; a first gear, the first gear being non-rotatably mounted to the first shaft a second shaft, the second shaft is movable in a first direction; a second gear, the second gear is non-rotatably mounted to the second shaft; and a third shaft, the third shaft is in a second direction Movable; a third gear non-rotatably mounted to the third shaft; and a first connector connecting the second shaft and the third shaft and causing The second gear and the third gear are constantly meshed, wherein the second gear can be driven directly or indirectly by the first gear.
  • a rotation direction changing device by providing a second shaft movable in a first direction and a third shaft movable in a second direction, and connecting the second shaft and the third through the first connecting member
  • the shaft causes the rotation direction changing means to realize two kinds of meshing positions, thereby realizing a change in the direction of rotation.
  • the rotation direction changing device has a simple structure and a low friction.
  • rotation direction changing device may further have the following additional technical features.
  • the rotation direction changing device for the slicer has a first engagement position and a second engagement position, and when in the first engagement position, the third gear and the first The gear is directly meshed, the second gear is in indirect meshing with the first gear through the third gear; when in the second meshing position, the third gear is separated from the first gear, the first The two gears mesh directly with the first gear.
  • the first direction and the second direction are at an angle.
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. Thereby avoiding the second axis The movement interferes with the movement of the third axis.
  • the first connecting member is in the shape of a long strip and is formed with two through holes that respectively engage the second shaft and the third shaft, and The two through holes have a predetermined distance therebetween such that the second gear and the third gear are constantly meshed.
  • the first connector has a simple structure and is easy to process.
  • the rotation direction changing device for the slicer further includes: a base having a first hole, a first groove, and a second groove, the first shaft being fitted In the first hole, the first groove extends in the first direction and the second shaft is movably fitted in the first groove, and the second groove extends in the second direction and The third shaft is movably fitted in the second slot.
  • the rotation direction changing device further includes: a bearing, the first shaft being fitted in the first hole of the base by the bearing. Thereby, the rotation accuracy of the first shaft is ensured.
  • the rotation direction changing device further includes: a sleeve, the sleeve is fixedly sleeved on the second shaft, and the second gear is non-rotatably through the sleeve Mounted to the second shaft.
  • the strength of the second shaft is increased while being easily connected to the third shaft through the first connecting member.
  • the rotation direction changing device further includes: a hand wheel connected to the first shaft.
  • a hand wheel connected to the first shaft.
  • the rotation direction changing device further includes: a cam shaft disposed at a second fixed position; a cam non-rotatably mounted to the cam shaft, and the cam a center offset from an axis of the camshaft; and a second connector, the first end of the second connector being coupled to the third shaft, and the second end of the second connector being coupled to the cam Engagement, wherein the cam is capable of driving the third shaft to move in the second direction by the second connector.
  • the rotation direction changing means can switch between the first engagement position and the second engagement position by manipulating the cam, and the user manipulation torque is small.
  • the cam has a circular plate shape and has diametrically opposed first and second engagement surfaces, and the first engagement surface and the axis of the camshaft The distance between the two is less than the distance between the second engagement surface and the axis of the camshaft.
  • the cam can define a first cam position and a second cam position of the cam, thereby defining a first engagement position and a second engagement position of the rotation direction changing device.
  • the second connecting member has an elongated plate shape and has a mounting hole formed at a first end thereof, a flange formed at a second end thereof, and a mounting hole and a seat formed at the second end a receiving groove extending between the flanges and extending along a length direction of the second connecting member, the upper surface of the flange being for engaging with the first engaging surface or the second engaging surface of the cam, the mounting hole Cooperating with the third shaft, and the cam shaft is disposed in the receiving groove.
  • the second connector has a simple structure and is easy to process.
  • the rotation direction changing device further includes: a base, the base having a second a hole, the cam shaft being fitted in the second hole.
  • the rotation direction changing device further includes: an elastic member, the first end of the elastic member is disposed at a third fixed position, and the second end of the elastic member is coupled to the third A shaft or a first end connected to the second connector.
  • the resilient member acts on the second connector such that the second end of the second connector always engages the cam.
  • the cam can be held at the first cam position or the second cam position to prevent the cam from accidentally moving, and at the same time, the second shaft and the third shaft can be prevented from being accidentally moved.
  • the rotation direction changing device further includes: a pin member disposed at the third fixed position, and the first end of the elastic member is fixedly coupled to the pin member . Thereby, the fixing of the elastic member is facilitated.
  • a rotation direction changing device includes: a rotation shaft that is linearly movable; a cam shaft that is disposed at a fixed position; and a cam that is non-rotatably mounted to the a camshaft, wherein a center of the cam is disposed offset from an axis of the camshaft; and a transmission member, a first end of the transmission member is coupled to the rotating shaft, and a second end of the transmission member is Cam engagement wherein the cam is capable of driving the rotation about the axis by the transmission member.
  • the rotation direction changing device connects the cam shaft and the rotation shaft by using a transmission member, so that the cam can drive the rotation axis to be moved by the transmission member, so that the user can rotate by the cam operation
  • the direction changes the device and the user manipulates the torque less.
  • the cam has a circular plate shape and has diametrically opposed first and second engagement surfaces, and the first engagement surface and the axis of the camshaft The distance between the two is less than the distance between the second engagement surface and the axis of the camshaft.
  • the cam can define a first cam position and a second cam position of the cam.
  • the transmission member has an elongated plate shape and has a mounting hole formed at a first end thereof, a flange formed at a second end thereof, and a mounting hole and the convex formed at the second end a receiving groove extending between the edges and extending along the length of the transmission member, the upper surface of the flange being for engaging with the first engagement surface or the second engagement surface of the cam, the mounting hole and the rotation
  • the shaft is mated, and the cam shaft is bored in the receiving groove.
  • the rotation direction changing device further includes: an elastic member, the first end of the elastic member is disposed at another fixed position, and the second end of the elastic member is coupled to the rotation shaft Or connected to the first end of the transmission member.
  • the resilient member acts on the second connector such that the second end of the second connector always engages the cam.
  • the cam can be held at the first cam position or the second cam position to prevent the cam from accidentally moving, and at the same time, the second shaft and the third shaft can be prevented from being accidentally moved.
  • the rotation direction changing device further includes: a pin member disposed at the Another fixed position is described, and the first end of the resilient member is fixedly coupled to the pin member. Thereby, the fixing of the elastic member is facilitated.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rotation direction changing device in a first engagement position, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device in a second engagement position, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a rotation direction changing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG 4 is a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device in a first engaged position in which the base is removed, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG 5 is a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device in a first engagement position in which the base, the elastic member, and the pin are removed, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device in a second engagement position in which the base is removed, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device in a second engagement position in which the base, the elastic member, and the pin are removed, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device in a first rest position, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device in a second rest position, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • orthogonal XYZ axes are illustrated for ease of description and direction determination, wherein the positive direction of the X-axis is the forward direction, the negative direction of the X-axis is the backward direction, and the positive direction of the Y-axis.
  • the negative direction of the Y axis is the left direction (the left and right direction is an example of the first direction); the positive direction of the Z axis is the upward direction, and the negative direction of the Z axis is the downward direction (the up and down direction is the second direction) Example).
  • the present disclosure relates to a rotation direction changing device for a microtome, comprising: a first shaft, the first shaft being disposed at a first fixed position; a first gear, the first gear being non-rotatably mounted to the first One axis; the second axis, the first The two shafts are movable in a first direction; the second gear is non-rotatably mounted to the second shaft; the third shaft is movable in the second direction; the third gear a third gear non-rotatably mounted to the third shaft; and a first connector connecting the second shaft and the third shaft and causing the second gear and the first The three gears are constantly meshed, wherein the second gear can be driven directly or indirectly by the first gear.
  • a rotation direction changing device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a rotational direction changing device 100 in a first engaged position, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the rotation direction changing device 100 includes an input shaft 110 (as an example of a first shaft), an output shaft 120 (as an example of a second shaft), an intermediate shaft 130 (as an example of a third shaft), and a first joint 140.
  • the input shaft 110 has a first gear 112 that is non-rotatably mounted to the input shaft 110
  • the output shaft 120 has a second gear 122 that is non-rotatably mounted to the output shaft 120
  • the intermediate shaft 130 has a non-rotatably mounted to the intermediate shaft 130.
  • the third gear 132 is an example of a first shaft
  • the input shaft 110 has a first gear 112 that is non-rotatably mounted to the input shaft 110
  • the output shaft 120 has a second gear 122 that is non-rotatably mounted to the output shaft 120
  • the intermediate shaft 130 has a non-rotatably mounted to the
  • the input shaft 110 is fixed in position, the output shaft 120 is movable in the left-right direction, and the intermediate shaft 130 is movable in the up and down direction.
  • the first connecting member 140 is for connecting the output shaft 120 and the intermediate shaft 130, and the first connecting member 140 is rotatable relative to the output shaft 120 and the intermediate shaft 130, respectively, and the second gear 122 is constantly meshed with the third gear 132.
  • the second gear 122 can be driven directly or indirectly by the first gear 112.
  • a component “positionally fixed” means that the component is placed in a fixed position and cannot be moved. Further, the fixed positions of the different components fixed in position herein may be different or the same as needed.
  • first direction is perpendicular to the second direction as shown in FIG. 1, those skilled in the art can understand that the first direction may not be perpendicular to the second direction, that is, the first direction and the second direction are constant. Angle.
  • the rotation direction changing device 100 may further include a cam shaft 150 and a second coupling member 160.
  • the camshaft 150 has a cam 152 that is non-rotatably mounted to the camshaft 150, and the center of the cam 152 is offset from the axis of the camshaft 150.
  • the camshaft 150 is fixed in position, the first end of the second connector 160 is coupled to the intermediate shaft 130, and the second end of the second connector 160 is engaged with the cam 152 on the camshaft 150 such that the cam 152 of the camshaft 150 can
  • the intermediate shaft 130 is driven to move in the left-right direction by the second link 160.
  • Cam 152 has a first cam position and a second cam position.
  • the first cam position and the second cam position may be switched to each other by the rotation cam 152 at an angle such that the rotation direction changing device 100 is switchable between the first engagement position and the second engagement position.
  • the cam 152 is in the first cam position and the rotational direction changing device 100 is in the first engaged position accordingly.
  • the rotation direction changing device 100 may further include an elastic member 170.
  • the first end of the elastic member 170 is fixed in position, and the second end is connected to the intermediate shaft 130, so that the elastic member 170 acts on the second connecting member 160 and the second end of the second connecting member 160 always faces the cam 152 joints. That is, the cam 152 is held at the first cam position or the second cam position to prevent the cam 152 from being accidentally moved, and at the same time, the output shaft 120 and the intermediate shaft 130 can be prevented from being accidentally moved.
  • the second end of the elastic member 170 shown in FIG. 1 is coupled to the intermediate shaft 130, those skilled in the art will understand The second end of the elastic member 170 can also be connected to other positions. For example, the second end of the elastic member 170 can be connected to the first end of the second connecting member 160.
  • the rotation direction changing device 100 may further include a base 180.
  • the input shaft 110 is mounted to the base 180 and fixed in position.
  • the output shaft 120 is mounted to the base 180 and movable in the left-right direction with respect to the base 180.
  • the intermediate shaft 130 is mounted to the base 180 and is vertically movable with respect to the base 180.
  • the camshaft 150 is mounted to the base 180 and is fixed in position, and the first end of the resilient member 170 is fixedly coupled to the base 180.
  • FIG 2 illustrates a perspective view of the rotational direction changing device 100 in a second engaged position, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the cam 152 is in the second cam position and the rotational direction changing device 100 is in the second engaged position accordingly.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the rotation direction changing device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first connecting member 140 has a long strip shape and is formed with two through holes 142.
  • the two through holes 142 are respectively engaged with the output shaft 120 and the intermediate shaft 130 such that the first connecting members 140 are respectively rotatable relative to the output shaft 120 and the intermediate shaft 130; and the two through holes 142 have a predetermined distance therebetween, so that The two gears 122 are constantly meshed with the third gear 132.
  • the cam 152 has a substantially circular plate shape and has a first engagement surface 1521 and a second engagement surface 1522 that are disposed diametrically opposite each other. The distance between the first engagement surface 1521 and the axis of the camshaft 150 is less than the distance between the second engagement surface 1522 and the axis of the camshaft 150.
  • the second connecting member 160 has an elongated plate shape and has a mounting hole 162 formed at a first end thereof, a flange 166 formed at a second end thereof, and a mounting hole 162 and a flange 166 and along the second A receiving groove 164 of the connecting member 160 extending in the longitudinal direction.
  • the upper surface of the flange 166 is for engaging the first engagement surface 1521 or the second engagement surface 1522 of the cam 152, thereby defining a first cam position and a second cam position of the cam 152, respectively.
  • the mounting hole 162 is engaged with the intermediate shaft 130, whereby the cam 152 can drive the intermediate shaft 130 to move.
  • the cam shaft 150 is threaded into the receiving groove 164, whereby the second link 160 is movable relative to the cam shaft 150 when the cam 152 is switched between the first cam position and the second cam position.
  • the base 180 has a first aperture 182, a first slot 184, a second slot 186, and a second aperture 188.
  • the input shaft 110 fits within the first bore 182 such that the input shaft 110 can be mounted to the base 180 and positioned in position.
  • the first groove 184 extends in the left-right direction, and the output shaft 120 is movably fitted in the first groove 184, so that the output shaft 120 can be mounted to the base 180 and movable in the left-right direction with respect to the base 180.
  • the second groove 186 extends in the up and down direction, and the intermediate shaft 130 is movably fitted in the second groove 186, so that the intermediate shaft 130 can be mounted to the base 180 and movable in the up and down direction with respect to the base 180.
  • the camshaft 150 fits within the second bore 188 such that the camshaft 150 can be mounted to the base 180 and positioned in position. Further, the first hole 182, the second groove 186, and the second hole 188 are aligned in the up and down direction, and the second groove 186 is located between the first hole 182 and the second hole 188. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the first hole 182, the second groove 186 and the second hole 188 can also be misaligned in the up and down direction. For example, the second hole 188 and the first hole 182 and the second groove 186 are vertically arranged. The misalignment is such that the length direction of the second connecting member 160 is at an angle to the up and down direction.
  • the rotation direction changing device 100 may further include a pin member 172 whose position is fixed, and the first end of the elastic member 170 is fixedly Connected to the pin 172.
  • the base 180 has a blind hole 189.
  • the pin member 172 is fixedly fitted in the blind hole 189 such that the first end of the elastic member 170 is fixedly coupled to the base 180 by the pin member 172.
  • the pin 172 can be integrally formed with the base 180.
  • the rotational direction changing device 100 can also include a bearing 114.
  • the input shaft 110 is fitted into the first hole 182 through the bearing 114, thereby ensuring the rotation accuracy of the input shaft 110.
  • the direction of rotation changing device 100 can also include a sleeve 124.
  • the sleeve 124 is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft 120, and the second gear 122 is non-rotatably mounted to the output shaft 120 via the sleeve 124. Thereby, the strength of the output shaft 120 is increased while being easily connected to the intermediate shaft 130 through the first connecting member 140.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device 100 in a first engaged position in which the base 180 is removed, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device 100 in a first engaged position in which the base 180, the elastic member 170, and the pin member 172 are removed, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the third gear 132 is in direct mesh with the first gear 112 and the second gear 122 is separated from the first gear 112. Since the second gear 122 is constantly meshed with the third gear 132, the second gear 122 is indirectly meshed with the first gear 112 through the third gear 132. Thus, when the input shaft 110 rotates clockwise in the direction as shown in FIG. 5, the output shaft 120 rotates in the same direction.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the cam 152 engages the upper surface of the flange 166 of the second link 160, and the upper surface of the flange 166 of the second link 160
  • the distance from the axis of the camshaft 150 is gradually increased such that the second link 160 moves downward relative to the camshaft 150; the intermediate shaft 130 is driven by the second link 160 to move downward along the second slot 186 such that the third gear 132 is gradually separated from the first gear 112, and the intermediate shaft 130 drives the output shaft 120 to move to the right along the first groove 184 through the first connecting member 140, so that the second gear 122 gradually approaches the first gear 112 until the second portion of the cam 152
  • the second engagement surface 1522 engages the upper surface of the flange 166 of the second connector 160, i.e., the cam 152 is in the second cam position such that the second gear 122 engages the first gear 112 such that the rotational direction changing device 100 is in the second engagement position
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device 100 in a second engaged position in which the base 180 is removed, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device 100 in a second engagement position in which the base 180, the elastic member 170, and the pin member 172 are removed, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the rotational direction changing device 100 is in the second engaged position, the second engaging surface 1522 of the cam 152 is engaged with the upper surface of the flange 166 of the second connecting member 160 by the elastic member 170.
  • the second gear 122 is in direct mesh with the first gear 112 and the third gear 132 is separated from the first gear 112.
  • the output shaft 120 rotates in the opposite direction.
  • the cam 152 Until the first engagement surface 1521 of the cam 152 engages the upper surface of the flange 166 of the second connector 160, ie, the cam 152 is in the first cam position such that the third gear 132 directly meshes with the first gear 112, the second gear The second gear 132 is indirectly meshed with the first gear 112 such that the rotational direction changing device 100 is again in the first meshing position.
  • the rotation direction changing device 100 may further include: a hand wheel connected to the input shaft 100.
  • the input shaft 110 can be driven directly or indirectly by the user through the hand wheel, and the output shaft 120 is used directly or indirectly to generate a cutting feed action.
  • the output shafts 120 are all rotated in the same direction. Therefore, the user can operate the hand wheel to drive the input shaft 110 in different directions, causing the output shaft 120 to rotate in the same direction, which is flexible in operation and improves the use comfort.
  • the rotation direction changing device 100 realizes two kinds of meshing positions, thereby realizing a change in the rotation direction. Moreover, the rotation direction changing device 100 has a simple structure, low friction, and a small user manipulation torque.
  • a rotation direction changing device 200 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is described below.
  • a rotation direction changing device 200 includes a rotating shaft 230, a cam shaft 250, a cam 252, and a transmission member 260.
  • the rotating shaft 230 is linearly movable, and as shown in FIG. 8, the rotating shaft 230 is linearly movable in the up and down direction.
  • the camshaft 250 is fixed in position, the cam 252 is non-rotatably mounted to the camshaft 250, and the center of the cam 252 is offset from the axis of the camshaft 250.
  • the first end of the transmission member 260 is coupled to the rotating shaft 230, and the second end of the transmission member 260 is engaged with the cam 252.
  • Cam 252 can linearly move the rotating shaft 230 by the transmission member 260.
  • Cam 252 has a first cam position and a second cam position. The first cam position and the second cam position may be switched to each other by a certain angle of the rotating cam 252, so that the rotation direction changing device 200 is switchable between the first rest position and the second rest position. As shown in Figure 8, the cam 252 is in the first cam position and the rotational direction changing device 200 is in the first rest position accordingly. As shown in Figure 9, the cam 252 is in the second cam position and the rotational direction changing device 200 is in the second rest position accordingly.
  • the cam 252 has a circular plate shape and has first and second engagement surfaces 2521 and 2522 disposed diametrically opposite to each other, and a distance between the first engagement surface 2521 and an axis of the cam shaft 250 is smaller than the second engagement surface 2522. And convex The distance between the axes of the axle 250.
  • the transmission member 260 has an elongated plate shape and has a mounting hole 262 formed at a first end thereof, a flange 266 formed at a second end thereof, and a mounting hole 262 and a flange 266 formed along the transmission member 260.
  • the mounting hole 262 is engaged with the rotating shaft 230, and the cam shaft 250 is bored in the receiving groove 264.
  • the transmission member 260 is movable relative to the cam shaft 250.
  • the rotation direction changing device 200 may further include an elastic member 270.
  • the first end of the resilient member 270 is fixed in position and the second end is coupled to the rotating shaft 230 such that the resilient member 270 acts on the transmission member 260 and causes the second end of the transmission member 260 to always engage the cam 252. That is, the cam 252 is held at the first cam position or the second cam position to prevent the cam 252 from being accidentally moved, and at the same time, the rotating shaft 230 can be prevented from being accidentally moved.
  • the second end of the elastic member 270 shown in FIG. 8 is coupled to the rotating shaft 230, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the second end of the elastic member 270 can also be coupled to other positions, for example, the first member of the elastic member 270.
  • the two ends can be coupled to the first end of the transmission member 260.
  • the direction of rotation changing device 200 can also include a pin member 272 that is fixed in position and the first end of the resilient member 270 is fixedly coupled to the pin member 272.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device 200 in a first rest position, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first engagement surface 2521 of the cam 252 is engaged with the upper surface of the flange 266 of the transmission member 260 by the elastic member 270, that is, the cam 252 is at the first cam position. .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the cam 252 engages the upper surface of the flange 266 of the transmission member 260, and the upper surface of the flange 266 of the transmission member 260 and the cam shaft 250
  • the distance of the axis gradually increases such that the transmission member 260 moves downward relative to the cam shaft 250; the intermediate shaft 230 is driven downward by the transmission member 260 such that the rotating shaft 230 gradually approaches the cam shaft 250 until the second engagement of the cam 252
  • the surface 2522 engages the upper surface of the flange 266 of the transmission member 260, i.e., the cam 252 is in the second cam position such that the rotational direction changing device 200 is in the second rest position.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of the rotation direction changing device 200 in a second rest position, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the rotational direction changing device 200 is in the second rest position, the second engaging surface 2522 of the cam 252 is engaged with the upper surface of the flange 266 of the transmission member 260 by the elastic member 270.
  • the rotary shaft 230, the cam shaft 250, and the transmission member 260 are aligned in the up and down direction, so that the force between the components can be simplified.
  • the rotating shaft 230 may be configured as the intermediate shaft 130 of the rotational direction changing device 100 according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the rotating shaft 230, the cam shaft 250, and the transmission member 260 are not aligned in the up and down direction.
  • the rotating shaft 230 can also be configured as the output shaft 120 of the rotational direction changing device 100 according to the above-described embodiment of the present disclosure, at this time, the rotating shaft 230, the cam shaft 250, and the transmission member 260 can be arranged in the left and right direction.
  • rotation direction changing device 200 may refer to the rotation direction changing device 100 according to the foregoing embodiment of the present disclosure, and details are not described herein again.
  • the cam shaft 250 and the rotating shaft 230 are coupled by using the transmission member 260, so that the cam 252 can be linearly moved by the transmission member 260 to drive the rotation shaft 230, so that the user can pass the cam 252.
  • the rotation direction changing device 200 is manipulated, and the user manipulation torque is small.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed”, and the like, are to be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated or defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical connection, or can be electrical connection; can be directly connected, or can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood by those skilled in the art on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be a direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.

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Abstract

一种用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置（100），包括：第一轴（110），所述第一轴（110）布置在第一固定位置；第一齿轮（112），所述第一齿轮（112）不可旋转地安装至所述第一轴（110）；第二轴（120），所述第二轴（120）沿第一方向可移动；第二齿轮（122），所述第二齿轮（122）不可旋转地安装至所述第二轴（120）；第三轴（130），所述第三轴（130）沿第二方向可移动；第三齿轮（132），所述第三齿轮（132）不可旋转地安装至所述第三轴（130）；以及第一连接件（140），所述第一连接件（140）连接所述第二轴（120）和所述第三轴（130）且使得所述第二齿轮（122）和所述第三齿轮（132）常啮合，其中所述第二齿轮（122）能够由所述第一齿轮（112）直接或间接地驱动。由此，该旋转方向改变装置（100）具有结构简单、摩擦较低的优点。

Description

用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置 技术领域
本公开涉及切片机技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置。
背景技术
相关技术中的旋转式切片机中，切割单元通过转动至少一个手轮来进行驱动。有些操作人员觉得按顺时针转动手轮更舒服，而有些操作人员觉得按逆时针转动手轮更舒服。因此，在市场上有两种切片机，其中一种切片机的手轮需顺时针转动，而另一种切片机中的手轮需逆时针转动。消费者在购买时必须从这两种方案中选定一个。只能由技术人员通过大规模的繁琐的改造，才能在事后改变转动的方向。
美国专利文件US2012060664A1描述了具有反转旋转方向的手段的切片机。该切片机具有第一轴，其安装在固定位置中且能够由手轮驱动且第一齿轮不可旋转地安装其上。切片机还包括第二轴，其安装在固定位置中且第二齿轮不可旋转地安装其上。第一齿轮和第二齿轮通过传动单元联接至彼此，使得第二轴能够由第一轴驱动。在传动单元的第一位置中，两个轴以沿相同方向可旋转，然而在第二传动位置，两个轴以相反方向可旋转。
中国专利文件CN104416609A描述带有反转装置的切片器。本公开提供包括第一轴、第一齿轮、第二轴、第二齿轮、驱动单元和切换单元的切片器。其中，第一轴安装至固定位置处且可以由手轮驱动；第一齿轮不可旋转地安装至第一轴；第二轴安装至另一个固定位置处；第二齿轮不可旋转地安装至第二轴上；第一齿轮和第二齿轮通过驱动单元连接至彼此；使得第二轴能够由第一轴驱动；且切换单元用于使驱动单元在第一位置和第二位置之间可枢转地切换。当驱动单元在第一位置处时，第一轴和第二轴沿相同方向旋转；且当驱动单元在第二位置处时，第一轴和第二轴沿相反方向旋转。驱动单元包括彼此接合的第一中间齿和第二中间齿；在第一位置处，两个轴由两个中间齿中的一个连接，且在第二位置时，两个轴由两个中间齿连接。
美国专利文件US7900545B2描述了一种切片机轴的曲轴驱动***，该曲轴驱动***包括第一轴和第二轴。第一轴随曲轴可旋转，且包括第一传送齿轮。第二轴包括第二传递齿轮。第一轴的旋转从第一传递齿轮可传递至第二传递齿轮以引起第二轴旋转。对于切片机，为了使样品使用相同曲轴驱动***沿两个相反定向的旋转方向能够前进和降低。曲轴驱动***其特征在于设置了第三传递齿轮，第一传递齿轮可选择地与第二传递齿轮或者与第三 传递齿轮接合。因此，结果是，当保持第二轴的旋转方向时，第一轴的旋转方向可反转。
美国专利文件US7966917B2描述了一种具有杠杆布置的切片机，用于切片机的杠杆布置包括：第一和第二杠杆，第一杠杆绕第一轴线可旋转地安装。第二杠杆绕第二轴线可旋转地安装。一个杠杆包括两个导向面，另一个杠杆包括导向段。导向段与两个导向面共同作用使得第一杠杆沿第一方向的旋转引起第二杠杆沿目标方向旋转，且第一杠杆沿与第一方向相向的方向旋转引起第二杠杆沿目标方向旋转。
美国专利文件US2012060664A1和中国专利申请CN104446609A中的技术方案至少需要四个齿轮实现传动，造成高摩擦，且用户需要大扭矩以驱动传动***。美国专利文件US7900545B2的曲轴驱动***结构复杂。美国专利文件US7966917B2只能用于改变杆的旋转方向，不能用于改变轴的旋转方向。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本公开的一个目的在于提出一种用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，该旋转方向改变装置具有结构简单、摩擦较低的优点。
根据本公开的一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置，包括：第一轴，所述第一轴布置在第一固定位置；第一齿轮，所述第一齿轮不可旋转地安装至所述第一轴；第二轴，所述第二轴沿第一方向可移动；第二齿轮，所述第二齿轮不可旋转地安装至所述第二轴；第三轴，所述第三轴沿第二方向可移动；第三齿轮，所述第三齿轮不可旋转地安装至所述第三轴；以及第一连接件，所述第一连接件连接所述第二轴和所述第三轴且使得所述第二齿轮和所述第三齿轮常啮合，其中所述第二齿轮能够由所述第一齿轮直接或间接地驱动。
根据本公开的一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置，通过设置沿第一方向可移动的第二轴和沿第二方向可移动的第三轴，并通过第一连接件连接第二轴和第三轴，使得旋转方向改变装置实现了两种啮合位置，从而实现旋转方向的改变。由此，旋转方向改变装置结构简单、摩擦较低。
另外，根据本公开上述实施例的旋转方向改变装置还可以具有如下附加的技术特征。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置具有第一啮合位置和第二啮合位置，当处于所述第一啮合位置时，所述第三齿轮与所述第一齿轮直接啮合，所述第二齿轮通过所述第三齿轮与所述第一齿轮间接啮合；当处于所述第二啮合位置时，所述第三齿轮与所述第一齿轮分离，所述第二齿轮与所述第一齿轮直接啮合。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述第一方向与所述第二方向之间成一定的角度。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述第一方向垂直于所述第二方向。由此，避免第二轴的 移动与第三轴的移动产生干涉。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述第一连接件呈长条板状，且形成有两个通孔，所述两个通孔分别与所述第二轴和所述第三轴配合，且所述两个通孔之间具有预定的距离，使得所述第二齿轮和所述第三齿轮常啮合。由此，第一连接件结构简单，易于加工。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置还包括：基座，所述基座具有第一孔、第一槽和第二槽，所述第一轴配合在所述第一孔内，所述第一槽沿所述第一方向延伸且所述第二轴可移动地配合在所述第一槽中，并且所述第二槽沿所述第二方向延伸且所述第三轴可移动地配合在所述第二槽中。由此，方便各部件的安装。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述旋转方向改变装置还包括：轴承，所述第一轴通过所述轴承配合在所述基座的所述第一孔内。由此，保证第一轴的旋转精度。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述旋转方向改变装置还包括：轴套，所述轴套固定地套设在所述第二轴上，且所述第二齿轮通过所述轴套不可旋转地安装至所述第二轴。由此，增加第二轴的强度同时，便于通过第一连接件与第三轴连接。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述旋转方向改变装置还包括：手轮，所述手轮连接至所述第一轴。由此，用户可以沿不同方向操作手轮驱动第一轴，引起第二轴沿相同方向的旋转，操作灵活，提高使用舒适性。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述旋转方向改变装置还包括：凸轮轴，所述凸轮轴布置在第二固定位置；凸轮，所述凸轮不可旋转地安装至所述凸轮轴，且所述凸轮的中心偏离所述凸轮轴的轴线设置；以及第二连接件，所述第二连接件的第一端连接至所述第三轴，且所述第二连接件的第二端与所述凸轮接合，其中所述凸轮能够通过所述第二连接件驱动所述第三轴沿所述第二方向移动。由此，旋转方向改变装置通过操纵凸轮能够在第一啮合位置和第二啮合位置之间切换，且用户操纵扭矩较小。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述凸轮呈圆形板状，且具有沿径向相对设置的第一接合表面和第二接合表面，且所述第一接合表面与所述凸轮轴的轴线之间的距离小于所述第二接合表面与所述凸轮轴的轴线之间的距离。由此，凸轮能够限定凸轮的第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置，进而限定旋转方向改变装置的第一啮合位置和第二啮合位置。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述第二连接件呈长条板状，且具有形成在其第一端的安装孔，形成在其第二端的凸缘，以及形成在所述安装孔和所述凸缘之间且沿所述第二连接件的长度方向延伸的容纳槽，所述凸缘的上表面用于与所述凸轮的第一接合表面或第二接合表面接合，所述安装孔与第三轴配合，且所述凸轮轴穿设在所述容纳槽。由此，第二连接件结构简单，易于加工。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述旋转方向改变装置还包括：基座，所述基座具有第二 孔，所述凸轮轴配合在所述第二孔内。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述旋转方向改变装置还包括：弹性件，所述弹性件的第一端布置在第三固定位置，且所述弹性件的第二端连接至所述第三轴或连接至所述第二连接件的第一端。从而弹性件作用于所述第二连接件，使得所述第二连接件的第二端始终与所述凸轮接合。由此，能够将凸轮保持在第一凸轮位置或第二凸轮位置从而防止凸轮意外地移动，且同时能够防止第二轴和第三轴意外地移动。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述旋转方向改变装置还包括：销件，所述销件布置在所述第三固定位置，且所述弹性件的第一端固定地连接至所述销件。由此，方便弹性件的固定。
根据本公开的一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置，包括：旋转轴，所述旋转轴可线性地移动；凸轮轴，所述凸轮轴布置在固定位置；凸轮，所述凸轮不可旋转地安装至所述凸轮轴，且所述凸轮的中心偏离所述凸轮轴的轴线设置；以及传动件，所述传动件的第一端连接至所述旋转轴，且所述传动件的第二端与所述凸轮接合，其中所述凸轮能够通过所述传动件驱动所述旋转轴线性地移动。
根据本公开的一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置，通过使用传动件连接凸轮轴和旋转轴，使得所述凸轮能够通过所述传动件驱动所述旋转轴线性地移动，从而用户能够通过凸***纵旋转方向改变装置，且用户操纵扭矩较小。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述凸轮呈圆形板状，且具有沿径向相对设置的第一接合表面和第二接合表面，且所述第一接合表面与所述凸轮轴的轴线之间的距离小于所述第二接合表面与所述凸轮轴的轴线之间的距离。由此，凸轮能够限定凸轮的第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述传动件呈长条板状，且具有形成在其第一端的安装孔，形成在其第二端的凸缘，以及形成在所述安装孔和所述凸缘之间且沿所述传动件的长度方向延伸的容纳槽，所述凸缘的上表面用于与所述凸轮的第一接合表面或第二接合表面接合，所述安装孔与所述旋转轴配合，且所述凸轮轴穿设在所述容纳槽。由此，第二连接件结构简单，易于加工。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述旋转方向改变装置还包括：弹性件，所述弹性件的第一端布置在另一个固定位置，且所述弹性件的第二端连接至所述旋转轴或连接至所述传动件的第一端。从而弹性件作用于所述第二连接件，使得所述第二连接件的第二端始终与所述凸轮接合。由此，能够将凸轮保持在第一凸轮位置或第二凸轮位置从而防止凸轮意外地移动，且同时能够防止第二轴和第三轴意外地移动。
根据本公开的一个实施例，所述旋转方向改变装置还包括：销件，所述销件布置在所 述另一个固定位置，且所述弹性件的第一端固定地连接至所述销件。由此，方便弹性件的固定。
本公开的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本公开的实践了解到。
附图说明
本公开的其它特征和优点参见以下描述，其结合附图基于实施方式更详细地解释了本公开。
图1是根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置处于第一啮合位置时的立体图。
图2是根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置处于第二啮合位置时的立体图。
图3是根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置的分解图。
图4是根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置处于第一啮合位置时的立体图，其中基座被移除。
图5是根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置处于第一啮合位置时的立体图，其中基座、弹性件及销件被移除。
图6是根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置处于第二啮合位置时的立体图，其中基座被移除。
图7是根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置处于第二啮合位置时的立体图，其中基座、弹性件及销件被移除。
图8是根据本公开另一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置处于第一静止位置时的立体图。
图9是根据本公开另一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置处于第二静止位置时的立体图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图对本公开的优选实施方式进行说明。需要说明的是，本文中所使用的术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并非对本公开的限制。
在图1-9中，为了便于描述和确定方向而图示有正交的XYZ轴，其中，X轴的正方向为向前方向，X轴的负方向为向后方向；Y轴的正方向为向右方向，Y轴的负方向为向左方向(左右方向为第一方向的示例)；Z轴的正方向为向上方向，Z轴的负方向为向下方向(上下方向为第二方向的示例)。
本公开涉及一种用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，包括：第一轴，所述第一轴布置在第一固定位置；第一齿轮，所述第一齿轮不可旋转地安装至所述第一轴；第二轴，所述第 二轴沿第一方向可移动；第二齿轮，所述第二齿轮不可旋转地安装至所述第二轴；第三轴，所述第三轴沿第二方向可移动；第三齿轮，所述第三齿轮不可旋转地安装至所述第三轴；以及第一连接件，所述第一连接件连接所述第二轴和所述第三轴且使得所述第二齿轮和所述第三齿轮常啮合，其中所述第二齿轮能够由所述第一齿轮直接或间接地驱动。
下面参考附图描述根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100。
图1示出了根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100处于第一啮合位置时的立体图。旋转方向改变装置100包括输入轴110(作为第一轴的示例)、输出轴120(作为第二轴的示例)、中间轴130(作为第三轴的示例)和第一连接件140。输入轴110具有不可旋转地安装至输入轴110的第一齿轮112，输出轴120具有不可旋转地安装至输出轴120的第二齿轮122，且中间轴130具有不可旋转地安装至中间轴130的第三齿轮132。输入轴110位置固定，输出轴120沿左右方向可移动，且中间轴130沿上下方向可移动。第一连接件140用于连接输出轴120和中间轴130，第一连接件140分别相对于输出轴120和中间轴130可旋转，且使得第二齿轮122与第三齿轮132常啮合。由此，第二齿轮122能够由第一齿轮112直接或间接地驱动。
需要指出的是，在本文中，部件“位置固定”指的是该部件布置在固定位置且不能移动。此外，根据需要，本文中位置固定的不同部件的固定位置可以是不同的，也可以是相同的。
尽管如图1所示，第一方向垂直于第二方向，但是本领域技术人员可以理解的是，第一方向也可以不垂直于第二方向，即第一方向与第二方向之间成一定的角度。
旋转方向改变装置100还可以包括凸轮轴150和第二连接件160。凸轮轴150具有不可旋转地安装至凸轮轴150的凸轮152，且凸轮152的中心偏离凸轮轴150的轴线设置。凸轮轴150位置固定，第二连接件160的第一端连接至中间轴130，且第二连接件160的第二端与凸轮轴150上的凸轮152接合，且使得凸轮轴150的凸轮152可以通过第二连接件160驱动中间轴130沿左右方向移动。凸轮152具有第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置。第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置可以通过旋转凸轮152一定角度来彼此切换，从而旋转方向改变装置100能够在第一啮合位置和第二啮合位置之间切换。如图1所示，凸轮152处于第一凸轮位置，且相应地旋转方向改变装置100处于第一啮合位置。
旋转方向改变装置100还可以包括弹性件170。弹性件170的第一端位置固定，第二端连接至中间轴130，从而弹性件170作用于所述第二连接件160并使得所述第二连接件160的第二端始终与所述凸轮152接合。也就是说，将凸轮152保持在第一凸轮位置或第二凸轮位置从而防止凸轮152意外地移动，且同时能够防止输出轴120和中间轴130意外地移动。尽管图1中示出的弹性件170的第二端连接至中间轴130，本领域技术人员可以理解 的是，弹性件170的第二端也可以连接至其他位置，例如，弹性件170的第二端可以连接至第二连接件160的第一端。
旋转方向改变装置100还可以包括基座180。输入轴110安装至基座180且位置固定，输出轴120安装至基座180且相对于基座180沿左右方向可移动，中间轴130安装至基座180且相对于基座180沿上下方向可移动，凸轮轴150安装至基座180且位置固定，且弹性件170的第一端固定地连接至基座180。
图2示出了根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100处于第二啮合位置时的立体图。凸轮152处于第二凸轮位置，且相应地旋转方向改变装置100处于第二啮合位置。
图3示出了根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100的分解图。第一连接件140呈长条板状，且形成有两个通孔142。两个通孔142分别与输出轴120和中间轴130配合，使得第一连接件140分别相对于输出轴120和中间轴130可旋转；且两个通孔142之间具有预定的距离，使得第二齿轮122与第三齿轮132常啮合。
凸轮152基本上呈圆形板状，且具有沿径向相对设置的第一接合表面1521和第二接合表面1522。第一接合表面1521与凸轮轴150的轴线之间的距离小于第二接合表面1522与凸轮轴150的轴线之间的距离。第二连接件160呈长条板状，且具有形成在其第一端的安装孔162，形成在其第二端的凸缘166，以及形成在安装孔162和凸缘166之间且沿第二连接件160的长度方向延伸的容纳槽164。凸缘166的上表面用于与凸轮152的第一接合表面1521或第二接合表面1522接合，由此分别限定凸轮152的第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置。安装孔162与中间轴130配合，由此凸轮152能够驱动中间轴130移动。凸轮轴150穿设在容纳槽164内，由此凸轮152在第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置之间转换时，第二连接件160能够相对于凸轮轴150移动。
基座180具有第一孔182，第一槽184、第二槽186和第二孔188。输入轴110配合在第一孔182内，从而输入轴110能够安装至基座180且位置固定。第一槽184沿左右方向延伸，且输出轴120可移动地配合在第一槽184中，从而输出轴120能够安装至基座180且相对于基座180沿左右方向可移动。第二槽186沿上下方向延伸，且中间轴130可移动地配合在第二槽186中，从而中间轴130能够安装至基座180且相对于基座180沿上下方向可移动。凸轮轴150配合在第二孔188内，从而凸轮轴150能够安装至基座180且位置固定。此外，第一孔182、第二槽186和第二孔188沿上下方向对齐，且第二槽186位于第一孔182和第二孔188之间。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，第一孔182、第二槽186和第二孔188也可以沿上下方向不对齐，例如，第二孔188与第一孔182、第二槽186沿上下方向不对齐，使得第二连接件160的长度方向与上下方向成一定的角度。
转方向改变装置100还可以包括销件172，其位置固定，且弹性件170的第一端固定地 连接至销件172。基座180具有盲孔189。销件172固定地配合在盲孔189中，从而弹性件170的第一端通过销件172固定地连接至基座180。在一些实施例中，销件172可以与基座180一体地形成。
在一些实施例中，旋转方向改变装置100还可以包括轴承114。输入轴110通过轴承114配合在第一孔182内，从而保证输入轴110的旋转精度。
在一些实施例中，转方向改变装置100还可以包括轴套124。轴套124固定地套设在输出轴120上，且第二齿轮122通过轴套124不可旋转地安装至输出轴120。由此，增加输出轴120的强度同时，便于通过第一连接件140与中间轴130连接。
下面结合图4-图7简述根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100的工作过程。
图4示出了根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100处于第一啮合位置时的立体图，其中基座180被移除。图5示出了根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100处于第一啮合位置时的立体图，其中基座180、弹性件170及销件172被移除。当旋转方向改变装置100处于第一啮合位置时，在弹性件170的作用下，凸轮152的第一接合表面1521与第二连接件160的凸缘166的上表面接合，即凸轮152处于第一凸轮位置。第三齿轮132与第一齿轮112直接啮合，且第二齿轮122与第一齿轮112分离。由于第二齿轮122与第三齿轮132常啮合，因此第二齿轮122通过第三齿轮132与第一齿轮112间接啮合。由此，当输入轴110沿如图5所示的方向顺时针旋转时，输出轴120沿相同方向旋转。
将凸轮152从第一凸轮位置旋转一定角度至第二凸轮位置时，凸轮152的外周面与第二连接件160的凸缘166的上表面接合，第二连接件160的凸缘166的上表面与凸轮轴150的轴线的距离逐渐增大，使得第二连接件160相对于凸轮轴150向下移动；中间轴130由第二连接件160驱动沿第二槽186向下移动，使得第三齿轮132与第一齿轮112逐渐分离，并且中间轴130通过第一连接件140驱动输出轴120沿第一槽184向右移动，使得第二齿轮122与第一齿轮112逐渐接近，直到凸轮152的第二接合表面1522与第二连接件160的凸缘166的上表面接合，即凸轮152处于第二凸轮位置，使得第二齿轮122与第一齿轮112啮合，从而旋转方向改变装置100处于第二啮合位置。
图6示出了根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100处于第二啮合位置时的立体图，其中基座180被移除。图7是根据本公开一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100处于第二啮合位置时的立体图，其中基座180、弹性件170及销件172被移除。当旋转方向改变装置100处于第二啮合位置时，在弹性件170的作用下，凸轮152的第二接合表面1522与第二连接件160的凸缘166的上表面接合。第二齿轮122与第一齿轮112直接啮合，且第三齿轮132与第一齿轮112分离。由此，当输入轴110沿如图7所示的方向顺时针旋转时，输出轴120沿相反方向旋转。
将凸轮152从第二凸轮位置旋转一定角度至第一凸轮位置时，凸轮152的外周面与第二连接件160的凸缘166的上表面接合，第二连接件160的凸缘166的上表面与凸轮轴150的轴线的距离逐渐减小，在弹性件170的作用下，使得第二连接件160相对于凸轮轴150向上移动；中间轴130由第二连接件160驱动沿第二槽186向上移动，使得第三齿轮132与第一齿轮112逐渐接近，并且中间轴130通过第一连接件140驱动输出轴120沿第一槽184向左移动，使得第二齿轮122与第一齿轮112逐渐分离，直到凸轮152的第一接合表面1521与第二连接件160的凸缘166的上表面接合，即凸轮152处于第一凸轮位置，使得第三齿轮132与第一齿轮112直接啮合，第二齿轮122通过第三齿轮132与第一齿轮112间接啮合，从而旋转方向改变装置100再次处于第一啮合位置。
此外，根据本公开的一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100，还可以包括：手轮，所述手轮连接至所述输入轴100。从而输入轴110可以由用户通过手轮直接或间接地驱动，且输出轴120直接或间接用于产生切割进给动作。由此，当输入轴110被驱动时，并且当旋转方向改变装置100处于第一啮合位置且输入轴110顺时针旋转，或者旋转方向改变装置100处于第二啮合位置且输入轴110逆时针旋转时，输出轴120均沿相同方向旋转。因此，用户可以沿不同方向操作手轮驱动输入轴110，引起输出轴120沿相同方向的旋转，操作灵活，提高使用舒适性。
因此，根据本公开的一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置100，使得旋转方向改变装置100实现了两种啮合位置，从而实现旋转方向的改变。而且，旋转方向改变装置100结构简单、摩擦较低，且用户操纵扭矩较小。
下面描述根据本公开另一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置200。
如图8所示，根据本公开另一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置200，包括：旋转轴230、凸轮轴250、凸轮252以及传动件260。旋转轴230可线性地移动，如图8所示，旋转轴230沿上下方向可线性地移动。凸轮轴250位置固定，凸轮252不可旋转地安装至凸轮轴250，且凸轮252的中心偏离凸轮轴250的轴线设置。传动件260的第一端连接至旋转轴230，且传动件260的第二端与凸轮252接合。由此，凸轮252能够通过传动件260驱动旋转轴230线性地移动。凸轮252具有第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置。第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置可以通过旋转凸轮252一定角度来彼此切换，从而旋转方向改变装置200能够在第一静止位置和第二静止位置之间切换。如图8所示，凸轮252处于第一凸轮位置，且相应地旋转方向改变装置200处于第一静止位置。如图9所示，凸轮252处于第二凸轮位置，且相应地旋转方向改变装置200处于第二静止位置。
凸轮252呈圆形板状，且具有沿径向相对设置的第一接合表面2521和第二接合表面2522，且第一接合表面2521与凸轮轴250的轴线之间的距离小于第二接合表面2522与凸 轮轴250的轴线之间的距离。传动件260呈长条板状，且具有形成在其第一端的安装孔262，形成在其第二端的凸缘266，以及形成在安装孔262和凸缘266之间且沿传动件260的长度方向延伸的容纳槽264，凸缘266的上表面用于与凸轮252的第一接合表面2521或第二接合表面2522接合，由此分别限定凸轮252的第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置。安装孔262与旋转轴230配合，且凸轮轴250穿设在容纳槽264。由此凸轮252在第一凸轮位置和第二凸轮位置之间转换时，传动件260能够相对于凸轮轴250移动。
旋转方向改变装置200还可以包括弹性件270。弹性件270的第一端位置固定，第二端连接至旋转轴230，从而弹性件270作用于传动件260并使得传动件260的第二端始终与所述凸轮252接合。也就是说，将凸轮252保持在第一凸轮位置或第二凸轮位置从而防止凸轮252意外地移动，且同时能够防止旋转轴230意外地移动。尽管图8中示出的弹性件270的第二端连接至旋转轴230，本领域技术人员可以理解的是，弹性件270的第二端也可以连接至其他位置，例如，弹性件270的第二端可以连接至传动件260的第一端。
转方向改变装置200还可以包括销件272，其位置固定，且弹性件270的第一端固定地连接至销件272。
下面结合图8和图9简述根据本公开另一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置200的工作过程。
图8示出了根据本公开另一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置200处于第一静止位置时的立体图。当旋转方向改变装置200处于第一静止位置时，在弹性件270的作用下，凸轮252的第一接合表面2521与传动件260的凸缘266的上表面接合，即凸轮252处于第一凸轮位置。
将凸轮252从第一凸轮位置旋转一定角度至第二凸轮位置时，凸轮252的外周面与传动件260的凸缘266的上表面接合，传动件260的凸缘266的上表面与凸轮轴250的轴线的距离逐渐增大，使得传动件260相对于凸轮轴250向下移动；中间轴230由传动件260驱动向下移动，使得旋转轴230逐渐接近凸轮轴250，直到凸轮252的第二接合表面2522与传动件260的凸缘266的上表面接合，即凸轮252处于第二凸轮位置，从而旋转方向改变装置200处于第二静止位置。
图9示出了根据本公开另一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置200处于第二静止位置时的立体图。当旋转方向改变装置200处于第二静止位置时，在弹性件270的作用下，凸轮252的第二接合表面2522与传动件260的凸缘266的上表面接合。
将凸轮252从第二凸轮位置旋转一定角度至第一凸轮位置时，凸轮252的外周面与传动件260的凸缘266的上表面接合，传动件260的凸缘266的上表面与凸轮轴250的轴线的距离逐渐减小，在弹性件270的作用下，使得传动件260相对于凸轮轴250向上移动； 旋转轴230由传动件260驱动向上移动，使得旋转轴230逐渐远离凸轮轴250，直到凸轮252的第一接合表面2521与传动件260的凸缘266的上表面接合，即凸轮252处于第一凸轮位置，从而旋转方向改变装置200再次处于第一静止位置。
如图8和图9所示，旋转轴230、凸轮轴250、以及传动件260沿上下方向对齐，从而可以简化各部件之间的受力情况。在一些实施例中，旋转轴230可以构造为如根据本公开上述实施例的旋转方向改变装置100的中间轴130。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，旋转轴230、凸轮轴250、以及传动件260沿上下方向不对齐。
此外，本领域技术人员可以理解的是，旋转轴230还可以构造为如根据本公开上述实施例的旋转方向改变装置100的输出轴120，此时，旋转轴230、凸轮轴250、以及传动件260可以沿左右方向布置。
根据本公开另一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置200的其他结构和原理可以参考根据本公开前述实施例的旋转方向改变装置100，此处不再赘述。
根据本公开的一个实施例的旋转方向改变装置200，通过使用传动件260连接凸轮轴250和旋转轴230，使得凸轮252能够通过传动件260驱动旋转轴230线性地移动，从而用户能够通过凸轮252操纵旋转方向改变装置200，且用户操纵扭矩较小。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必 须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一轴，所述第一轴布置在第一固定位置；
    第一齿轮，所述第一齿轮不可旋转地安装至所述第一轴；
    第二轴，所述第二轴沿第一方向可移动；
    第二齿轮，所述第二齿轮不可旋转地安装至所述第二轴；
    第三轴，所述第三轴沿第二方向可移动；
    第三齿轮，所述第三齿轮不可旋转地安装至所述第三轴；以及
    第一连接件，所述第一连接件连接所述第二轴和所述第三轴且使得所述第二齿轮和所述第三齿轮常啮合，
    其中所述第二齿轮能够由所述第一齿轮直接或间接地驱动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，所述用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置具有第一啮合位置和第二啮合位置，当处于所述第一啮合位置时，所述第三齿轮与所述第一齿轮直接啮合，所述第二齿轮通过所述第三齿轮与所述第一齿轮间接啮合；当处于所述第二啮合位置时，所述第三齿轮与所述第一齿轮分离，所述第二齿轮与所述第一齿轮直接啮合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，所述第一方向与所述第二方向之间成一定的角度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，所述第一方向垂直于所述第二方向。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，所述第一连接件呈长条板状，且形成有两个通孔，所述两个通孔分别与所述第二轴和所述第三轴配合，且所述两个通孔之间具有预定的距离，使得所述第二齿轮和所述第三齿轮常啮合。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：基座，所述基座具有第一孔、第一槽和第二槽，所述第一轴配合在所述第一孔内，所述第一槽沿所述第一方向延伸且所述第二轴可移动地配合在所述第一槽中，并且所述第二槽沿所述第二方向延伸且所述第三轴可移动地配合在所述第二槽中。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：
    轴承，所述第一轴通过所述轴承配合在所述基座的所述第一孔内。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：
    轴套，所述轴套固定地套设在所述第二轴上，且所述第二齿轮通过所述轴套不可旋转 地安装至所述第二轴。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：
    手轮，所述手轮连接至所述第一轴。
  10. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：
    凸轮轴，所述凸轮轴布置在第二固定位置；
    凸轮，所述凸轮不可旋转地安装至所述凸轮轴，且所述凸轮的中心偏离所述凸轮轴的轴线设置；以及
    第二连接件，所述第二连接件的第一端连接至所述第三轴，且所述第二连接件的第二端与所述凸轮接合，
    其中所述凸轮能够通过所述第二连接件驱动所述第三轴沿所述第二方向移动。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，所述凸轮呈圆形板状，且具有沿径向相对设置的第一接合表面和第二接合表面，且所述第一接合表面与所述凸轮轴的轴线之间的距离小于所述第二接合表面与所述凸轮轴的轴线之间的距离。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，所述第二连接件呈长条板状，且具有形成在其第一端的安装孔，形成在其第二端的凸缘，以及形成在所述安装孔和所述凸缘之间且沿所述第二连接件的长度方向延伸的容纳槽，所述凸缘的上表面用于与所述凸轮的第一接合表面或第二接合表面接合，所述安装孔与第三轴配合，且所述凸轮轴穿设在所述容纳槽。
  13. 根据权利要求10-12中任一项所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：
    基座，所述基座具有第二孔，所述凸轮轴配合在所述第二孔内。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：
    弹性件，所述弹性件的第一端布置在第三固定位置，且所述弹性件的第二端连接至所述第三轴或连接至所述第二连接件的第一端。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：
    销件，所述销件布置在所述第三固定位置，且所述弹性件的第一端固定地连接至所述销件。
  16. 一种用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，包括：
    旋转轴，所述旋转轴可线性地移动；
    凸轮轴，所述凸轮轴布置在固定位置；
    凸轮，所述凸轮不可旋转地安装至所述凸轮轴，且所述凸轮的中心偏离所述凸轮轴的轴线设置；以及
    传动件，所述传动件的第一端连接至所述旋转轴，且所述传动件的第二端与所述凸轮接合，
    其中所述凸轮能够通过所述传动件驱动所述旋转轴线性地移动。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，所述凸轮呈圆形板状，且具有沿径向相对设置的第一接合表面和第二接合表面，且所述第一接合表面与所述凸轮轴的轴线之间的距离小于所述第二接合表面与所述凸轮轴的轴线之间的距离。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，其特征在于，所述传动件呈长条板状，且具有形成在其第一端的安装孔，形成在其第二端的凸缘，以及形成在所述安装孔和所述凸缘之间且沿所述传动件的长度方向延伸的容纳槽，所述凸缘的上表面用于与所述凸轮的第一接合表面或第二接合表面接合，所述安装孔与所述旋转轴配合，且所述凸轮轴穿设在所述容纳槽。
  19. 根据权利要求16-18中任一项所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：
    弹性件，所述弹性件的第一端布置在另一个固定位置，且所述弹性件的第二端连接至所述旋转轴或连接至所述传动件的第一端。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的用于切片机的旋转方向改变装置，还包括：
    销件，所述销件布置在所述另一个固定位置，且所述弹性件的第一端固定地连接至所述销件。
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