WO2019057541A1 - Device and method for supplying gas with methane number optimised for at least one heat engine, in particular of a ship for transporting liquefied gas - Google Patents
Device and method for supplying gas with methane number optimised for at least one heat engine, in particular of a ship for transporting liquefied gas Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019057541A1 WO2019057541A1 PCT/EP2018/074398 EP2018074398W WO2019057541A1 WO 2019057541 A1 WO2019057541 A1 WO 2019057541A1 EP 2018074398 W EP2018074398 W EP 2018074398W WO 2019057541 A1 WO2019057541 A1 WO 2019057541A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- B63B17/0027—Tanks for fuel or the like ; Accessories therefor, e.g. tank filler caps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
- F02D19/026—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
- F02D19/027—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or volume flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
- F02D19/026—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
- F02D19/029—Determining density, viscosity, concentration or composition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
- F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
- F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/05—Regasification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
- Y02T70/5218—Less carbon-intensive fuels, e.g. natural gas, biofuels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and method for supplying gas with an optimized methane index of at least one heat engine, in particular a liquefied gas transport vessel.
- a liquefied gas transport vessel such as liquefied natural gas
- LNG is equipped with main and auxiliary engines, which are thermal engines fueled with fuel and in particular fuel gas.
- the fuel gas used for feeding these engines is obtained from the liquefied gas transported.
- Liquefied gas comprises heavy gases and light gases, heavy gases having a higher molar mass than light gases and having a higher vaporization temperature than light ones.
- methane is a light gas having a vaporization temperature of the order of -160 ° C. at atmospheric pressure
- n-butane is a heavy gas having a vaporization temperature of the order from 0 ° C to atmospheric pressure.
- the methane index of the fuel gas intended to supply the engines is as high as possible, in order to avoid the problems of "knocking" (or lapping) in the engines.
- the fuel gas has a light gas concentration as high as possible.
- the methane index of the fuel gas must be adapted to the engine speed and may therefore vary over time.
- the present invention proposes an improvement to the existing technology which makes it possible to supply at least one engine with an optimal gas with an index of methane.
- the invention proposes an optimized methane index gas supply device for at least one heat engine, in particular a liquefied gas transport vessel, characterized in that it comprises at least:
- a pump intended to be immersed at the bottom of a liquefied gas storage tank and having a gas outlet in liquid form
- a vaporizer comprising a first circuit comprising an inlet connected to the outlet of the pump and further comprising a gas outlet in liquid form and gas in gaseous form,
- phase separator comprising an inlet connected to said outlet of the vaporizer, and further comprising two outlets including a first gas outlet in liquid form (heavy compounds) and a second gas outlet in gaseous form.
- the device further comprises: a heater comprising a first circuit comprising an inlet connected to the second outlet of the separator and a heated gas outlet in gaseous form for feeding said at least one a motor.
- the invention thus proposes to carry out a phase separation of the liquefied gas and then to keep the gas in gaseous form which is rich in light gases and therefore has a high methane index.
- the phase separation is initiated in the vaporizer which heats the liquefied gas to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the light gases but not the heavy gases.
- the mixture is then injected into the separator in which the liquid and gaseous phases separate.
- the gaseous gas, containing the light gases, is reheated in the heater before feeding the engine (s).
- the heater then has the function of heating the gas in gaseous form to an ideal temperature for the operation of the engine or engines, for example greater than 0 ° C.
- light gas is understood to mean a gas having a molar mass of less than 28 g / mol (such as methane, nitrogen and ethane), and a "heavy gas", a gas having a molar mass greater than 28 g / mol (such as propane, butane, pentane and other hydrocarbons.
- the device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following features, taken separately from one another or in combination with each other:
- said vaporizer is of the heat exchanger and / or expander type
- said separator is of the heat exchanger and / or expander type
- said vaporizer comprises a second circuit for circulating a heating fluid, such as glycol or steam,
- the output of the first circuit of the vaporizer is connected to a first input of a mixer which furthermore comprises a second input connected to the output of the pump and an output connected to the input of the separator,
- the device comprises means for controlling the temperature of the liquefied gas in the vaporizer and / or in the separator in order to optimize the vaporization and / or phase separation,
- said temperature control means are connected to a valve connected to an inlet of said second circuit of the vaporizer,
- said temperature control means are connected to a valve connected to the second inlet of the mixer,
- said temperature control means are connected to at least one temperature sensor fitted to said separator,
- said means for controlling the temperature are connected to means for controlling the methane number of the gas at the outlet of said heater,
- said methane index control means are configured to control said temperature control means and to receive data relating to the liquefied gas and operating parameters of said at least one engine
- the device further comprises a gas storage tank in liquid form, a first inlet of which is connected to the first outlet of said separator,
- said reservoir comprises at least one output configured to supply:
- said at least one outlet of said tank is connected to the burner by a valve and / or a heater
- the device comprises a compressor comprising an inlet intended to be connected to a gas outlet in gaseous form contained in said tank, and comprising a compressed gas outlet,
- said compressed gas outlet is connected to the outlet of said heater, with a view to feeding said at least one motor
- said compressed gas outlet is connected to a second inlet of said tank.
- said reservoir comprises a second inlet connected to pressurized nitrogen supply means.
- the present invention also relates to a method for supplying gas with an optimized methane index of at least one heat engine, in particular a liquefied gas transport vessel, by means of a device as described above, characterized in that
- - liquefied gas is taken by the pump at a temperature lower than -160 ° C
- the liquefied gas taken is heated in the vaporizer to reach a temperature between -130 and -10 ° C, and preferably between -100 and -40 ° C, so as to vaporize certain gases, called light gases, the other gases, said heavy gases, remaining in liquid form, separate the liquid and gaseous phases in the separator, and then heat the gas in gaseous form from the separator, at a temperature above 0 ° C, and for example of the order of 20 ° C .
- the liquefied gas is taken by the pump at a pressure of between 7 and 12 bar, and for example 8 bar, the pressure in the vaporizer is between 6 and 10 bar, and for example 7 bar,
- the pressure in the separator is between 5 and 7 bar, and is for example 6.2 bar, and
- the pressure in the heater is between 5 and 7 bar, and is for example 6 bar.
- the pressure in the tank may be between 1 and 10 bar, for example 2 bar.
- the device further comprises: - derivation means comprising a gas outlet in gaseous form for supplying said at least one engine, and at least one input connected to said input of the separator and / or at a gaseous gas outlet of said tank.
- the derivation means may comprise at least one valve and / or a compressor.
- This device may comprise an exchanger-type heater comprising a first circuit comprising an input connected to the output of the compressor and further comprising a heated gas outlet in gaseous form for the supply of said at least one engine.
- a heater can be integrated with the compressor.
- This device may comprise all or part of the characteristics of the device according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the device further comprises: a gas storage tank in liquid form, a first input of which is connected to the first output of said separator, said tank comprising at least one output configured to supply: means for cooling a liquefied gas circulation line, and / or
- This device may comprise all or part of the characteristics of the device according to the first and / or second aspects of the invention.
- the invention proposes a method for controlling the methane index of a feed gas of at least one heat engine, in particular of a liquefied gas transport vessel, characterized in that it includes the steps of:
- the methane number of the gaseous gas is controlled by controlling the temperature at which the vaporization takes place.
- Vaporization is here a forced evaporation, as opposed to the natural vaporization that takes place in the liquid / gas interface of a liquefied gas storage tank.
- the method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following features or steps, taken separately from each other or in combination with each other:
- the temperature is regulated by varying the feed rate of the heating fluid of a circuit of a vaporizer configured to ensure said vaporization
- the temperature is regulated by mixing the liquefied gas after partial vaporization with liquefied gas taken and not subjected to partial vaporization,
- the temperature is regulated as a function of the temperature of the gaseous gas
- the temperature is regulated according to data relating to the liquefied gas and / or operating parameters of said at least one engine.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an optimized methane index gas supply device, according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an optimized methane index gas supply device, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an optimized methane index gas supply device, according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an optimized methane index gas supply device, according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating steps of a method for controlling the methane number of a feed gas of at least one heat engine.
- upstream and downstream refer to the flow of a fluid, such as a gas or a liquid, in a pipe or circuit.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an optimized methane index gas supply device 10 for at least one heat engine 12, in particular of a liquefied gas transport vessel.
- This engine 12 may be a main engine or an auxiliary engine of the ship.
- the vessel comprises at least one tank 14 for storing liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas (LNG).
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- the tank 14 is at atmospheric pressure or pressurized.
- the LNG is stored in the tank in liquid form at a temperature of the order of -160 ° C. LNG is naturally evap- orated and some of the LNG vaporizes, so that the tank also contains some gaseous gas.
- the reference 1 6 designates a pump which is immersed in the LNG and is therefore intended to be supplied with LNG and not gas in gaseous form.
- the pump 1 6 is therefore preferably located at the bottom of the tank.
- the device 10 comprises an evaporator or vaporizer 18, a separator 20 and a heater 22. They are here connected in series one after the other, downstream of the pump 16.
- the pump 1 6 comprises an output 1 6a of LNG, that is to say gas in liquid form.
- the output 1 6a is connected to an input 18aa of a first fluid circuit of the vaporizer 18 which is here a two-circuit heat exchanger.
- the first vaporizer circuit 18 includes an output 18ab connected to an input 20a of the separator.
- the second circuit of the vaporizer 18 comprises an inlet 18ba and an outlet 18bb and allows the circulation of a heating fluid such as steam or glycol.
- a heating fluid such as steam or glycol.
- the circulation of a heating fluid in the second circuit makes it possible to raise the temperature of the LNG taken from the tank 14 to a predetermined temperature allowing partial evaporation of the LNG.
- the output 18ab of the first circuit of the evaporator is therefore a gas outlet both in gaseous and liquid form.
- This two-phase gas mixture supplies the separator 20 via its inlet 20a.
- a phase separation is sought in the separator 20 which comprises an outlet 20b of gas in gaseous form, and an outlet 20c of gas in liquid form containing the heavy gases.
- the separator may be of conventional technology, for example honeycomb or gravity.
- the outlet 20b of the separator 20 is connected to an inlet 22a of the heater 22, whose function is to raise the temperature of the gas in gaseous form with a view to supplying gas with an optimized methane number of the engine 12 at a suitable temperature. and more precisely at a temperature in the temperature range accepted by the engine 12, ie: between 0 ° C and 60 ° C as indicated below.
- the device 10 of Figure 1 operates as follows. Liquefied gas is taken by the pump 1 6 at a temperature of less than or equal to -160 ° C, and a pressure for example of the order of 8 bar.
- the sampled gas is reheated in the vaporizer 18 to reach a temperature between -130 and -10 ° C, and preferably between -100 and -40 ° C, so as to vaporize the light gases, the heavy gases remaining in liquid form .
- the pressure in the vaporizer 18 is between 6 and 8 bar, and is for example 7 bar.
- the phase mixture is injected into the separator 20 for separation of these phases.
- the pressure in the separator is between 5 and 7 bar, and is for example 6.2 bar.
- the gaseous gas leaving the outlet 20b is heated to a temperature above 0 ° C, for example of the order of 20 ° C, by the heater 22.
- the pressure in the heater is between 5 and 7 bar , and is for example 6 bar.
- the engine 12 is thus supplied with fuel gas at a temperature of between 0 ° C. and 60 ° C., of 20 ° C. and a pressure of 6 bar, for example.
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the device 10 which furthermore comprises means 24 for checking the methane index of the gas intended to supply the engine 12.
- the control means 24 may be in the form of a computer unit comprising in particular means for capturing, recording and saving data, calculation means, and control means.
- the control means 24 are intended to receive information such as operating parameters 26 of the engine 12 and data
- the parameters 26 characterize in particular the expected engine running speed 12. For an operating speed of the engine 12, there is a desired methane number for the fuel gas supplying the engine. Furthermore, charts exist or can be prepared upstream and recorded in the control means 24, so as to calculate the operating temperature of the vaporizer 18 as a function of the desired methane number and data 28 relating to LNG.
- the data 28 can be obtained via a chromatograph which is an instrument capable of determining the composition of a gas or LNG and the concentration of its components. This instrument can be located in the device 10, between the LNG outlet of the tank 14 and the fuel gas inlet of the engines 12.
- the means 24 are connected to means 30 for controlling the temperature which are connected to at least one temperature sensor 32 equipping for example the separator 20, and in particular a high stage of the separator so that the temperature of the gaseous gas is measured.
- the control means 30 may be similar to a comparator which will receive a signal from the sensor 32 corresponding to a temperature measurement and which will compare it to a predetermined value calculated by the means 24, in order to transmit a signal to the attention of the means 24 for adjusting the operating temperature of the vaporizer 18 and / or the separator 20.
- a valve 34 is located on the second circuit of the vaporizer 18, upstream of the inlet 18ba and its flow rate is regulated by the means 24, 30.
- a mixer 36 is mounted between the outlet 18ba and the inlet 20a.
- This mixer 36 comprises two inputs, one of which is connected to the output 18ba and the other is connected to the output 1 6a of the pump 1 6, upstream of the vaporizer 18.
- Another valve 38 is located upstream of the inlet 36b mixer and regulates the flow of liquefied gas supplying the mixer.
- the mixer 36 has the function of mixing a certain amount of liquefied gas taken from the tank 14 a certain amount of two-phase gas leaving the vaporizer 18, to supply the separator 20 with a two-phase gas mixture at an optimized temperature.
- the flow rate of the valve 38 is regulated by the means 24, 30.
- the embodiment of FIG. 2 further shows bypass means 40 which are here configured to bypass the separator 20 and the heater 22.
- the bypass means 40 comprise an inlet 40a connected to the outlet 18ab of the vaporizer 18 or the mixer 36, and an outlet 40b connected to the outlet 20b of the separator 20 or to the outlet 22b of the heater 22.
- the bypass means 40 comprise a valve 42 whose flow rate is regulated by the means 24, 30.
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the device 10 which here comprises a reservoir 44 for storing gas in liquid form, a first inlet 44 a of which is connected to the first outlet 20c of the separator 20.
- the reservoir 44 is therefore intended to receive and store the gas in liquid form, comprising the heavy gases, resulting from the partial vaporization and the phase separation of the LNG withdrawn.
- the reservoir is for example configured to store the gas in liquid form at a pressure of the order of 2 to 3 bar.
- the temperature of the gas in the tank can be very low and one of the uses of this gas can be the cooling of LNG circulation lines.
- Another use of the gas contained in the tank 44 may be to be burned in burners 52 of the DF (dual fuel acronym) or GCU (gas combustion unit) or boiler type, for example for the steam generation used in the ship.
- This steam can be used to feed the second circuit of the vaporizer 18 or the heater 22.
- the steam can be used to heat an LNG storage tank of the ship, so that its temperature is not too cold which increases the viscosity of LNG .
- the reservoir 44 comprises one or more outlets 44b such as an outlet for cooling a line 45 for circulating LNG, as mentioned in the foregoing.
- This outlet 44b is connected to a valve 46.
- the circulation of liquefied gas at a low temperature in a line makes it possible to cool this line, for example before a bunkering operation (filling of a tank of the vessel) in order to limit the thermal shock during of this operation.
- the reservoir 44 comprises an outlet 44c connected to a valve 48 or to a heater 50 for supplying the burner or burners 52.
- the outlet 44b can be connected by a loop to the outlet 44c, for example downstream of the valve 48, so that the gas in liquid form which participated in the cooling of the line 45 and which is thus heated by heat exchanger, can be used for feeding the burners.
- This loop is equipped with a valve 54.
- FIG. 3 further comprises bypass means 56 which are here configured to bypass the vaporizer 18, the separator 20 and the heater 22.
- the diversion means 56 comprise a compressor 58 having an inlet 58a connected to an outlet 14a of gas in gaseous form (obtained by natural evaporation of the LNG) from the tank 14.
- the outlet 58b of the compressor is connected directly or via a valve 60 at the outlet 22b of the heater, with a view to supplying natural evaporation gas to the engine 12, and / or to another inlet 44d of the tank 44, also directly or via a valve 62.
- means 64 for supplying gas, such as nitrogen, under pressure are connected to the inlet 44d of the tank.
- Feeding the tank with gas under pressure, for example greater than 6 bar, from the compressor 58 or means 64 makes it possible to force and facilitate the flow of the gas in liquid form through the outlets 44b, 44c of the tank.
- valves 46, 48, 54, 60, 62 can be controlled by the means 24, 30.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating steps of a method for controlling the methane index of a engine fuel gas 12.
- the vessel equipped with the engine 12 moves at a given speed, denoted V1.
- V1 the engine 12 or the main engines of the ship must be at a speed R1.
- R1 it is necessary that the fuel gas supplying the engine has a minimum methane index MNm.
- This index MNm is transmitted by the means 24 to the means 30 which will compare it to the current index MNa.
- This MNa index is calculated from LNG data 28 such as its composition.
- bypass means 40 or 56 can be used to supply the engine 12 directly with natural or forced evaporation gas which already has an optimum methane number for the engine speed.
- the means 24, 30 receive the temperature T1 measured by the sensor 32 and calculate the optimum operating temperature of the vaporizer 18. They control this temperature, so that the quantity of gas of forced evaporation generated in the evaporator achieves the minimum objective in terms of methane index. In practice, iterations take place during which the temperature T1 is measured and monitored several times until the fuel gas has the right composition and therefore the methane index required for the considered regime. As discussed above, the relationship between gas temperature and gas composition is a thermodynamic relationship and several known models exist. The means 24, 30 control the valves 34, 38 accordingly.
- the relationship between the gas composition and its methane number is generally defined by the engine manufacturer or can be obtained by EN 16726.
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Abstract
The present invention concerns, in particular, a device (10) and a method for supplying gas with methane number optimised for at least one heat engine (12), in particular of a ship for transporting liquefied gas, characterised in that it comprises at least: - a pump (16) intended to be submerged at the bottom of a liquefied gas storage tank (14) and comprising an outlet (16a) for gas in liquid form, - a vaporiser (18) comprising a first circuit having an inlet (18aa) connected to the outlet of the pump and further comprising an outlet (18ab) for gas in liquid form and for gas in gaseous form, - a phase separator (20) comprising an inlet (20a) connected to said outlet of the vaporiser, and further comprising two outlets (20b, 20c) including a first outlet (20c) for gas in liquid form and a second outlet (20b) for gas in gaseous form, and - a heater (22) having a first circuit comprising an inlet (22a) connected to the outlet of the separator and an outlet (22b) for heated gas in gaseous form for the supply of said at least one engine.
Description
Dispositif et procédé d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé d'au moins un moteur thermique, en particulier d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié DOMAINE TECHNIQUE Device and method for supplying gas with an optimized methane index of at least one heat engine, in particular a liquefied gas transport vessel TECHNICAL FIELD
L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé d'au moins un moteur thermique, en particulier d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié. The invention relates to a device and method for supplying gas with an optimized methane index of at least one heat engine, in particular a liquefied gas transport vessel.
ETAT DE L'ART STATE OF THE ART
Un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié, tel que du gaz naturel liquéfié A liquefied gas transport vessel, such as liquefied natural gas
(GNL), est équipé de moteurs principaux et auxiliaires, qui sont des moteurs thermiques alimentés en carburant et en particulier en gaz combustible. Le gaz combustible utilisé pour l'alimentation de ces moteurs est obtenu à partir du gaz liquéfié transporté. (LNG), is equipped with main and auxiliary engines, which are thermal engines fueled with fuel and in particular fuel gas. The fuel gas used for feeding these engines is obtained from the liquefied gas transported.
Le gaz liquéfié comprend des gaz lourds et des gaz légers, les gaz lourds ayant une masse molaire plus élevée que les gaz légers et ayant une température de vaporisation plus importante que celle des légers. A titre d'exemple, le méthane est un gaz léger ayant une température de vaporisation de l'ordre de -1 60°C à la pression atmosphérique, et le n-butane est un gaz lourd ayant une température de vaporisation de l'ordre de 0°C à la pression atmosphérique. Liquefied gas comprises heavy gases and light gases, heavy gases having a higher molar mass than light gases and having a higher vaporization temperature than light ones. By way of example, methane is a light gas having a vaporization temperature of the order of -160 ° C. at atmospheric pressure, and n-butane is a heavy gas having a vaporization temperature of the order from 0 ° C to atmospheric pressure.
De façon connue, il est préférable que l'indice de méthane du gaz combustible destiné à alimenter les moteurs soit le plus élevé possible, afin d'éviter les problèmes de « cognement » (ou clapotement) dans les moteurs. Pour cela, il faut que le gaz combustible ait une concentration en gaz légers la plus élevée possible. In known manner, it is preferable that the methane index of the fuel gas intended to supply the engines is as high as possible, in order to avoid the problems of "knocking" (or lapping) in the engines. For this, it is necessary that the fuel gas has a light gas concentration as high as possible.
En pratique, l'indice de méthane du gaz combustible doit être adapté au régime des moteurs et peut donc varier au cours du temps. In practice, the methane index of the fuel gas must be adapted to the engine speed and may therefore vary over time.
La présente invention propose un perfectionnement à la technologie existante qui permet d'alimenter au moins un moteur avec un gaz à indice de méthane optimal. The present invention proposes an improvement to the existing technology which makes it possible to supply at least one engine with an optimal gas with an index of methane.
EXPOSE DE L'INVENTION
L'invention propose un dispositif d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé d'au moins un moteur thermique, en particulier d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins : SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention proposes an optimized methane index gas supply device for at least one heat engine, in particular a liquefied gas transport vessel, characterized in that it comprises at least:
une pompe destinée à être immergée au fond d'une cuve de stockage de gaz liquéfié et comportant une sortie de gaz sous forme liquide, a pump intended to be immersed at the bottom of a liquefied gas storage tank and having a gas outlet in liquid form,
un vaporisateur comportant un premier circuit comprenant une entrée reliée à la sortie de la pompe et comprenant en outre une sortie de gaz sous forme liquide et de gaz sous forme gazeuse, a vaporizer comprising a first circuit comprising an inlet connected to the outlet of the pump and further comprising a gas outlet in liquid form and gas in gaseous form,
- un séparateur de phases comportant une entrée reliée à ladite sortie du vaporisateur, et comportant en outre deux sorties dont une première sortie de gaz sous forme liquide (composés lourds) et une seconde sortie de gaz sous forme gazeuse. a phase separator comprising an inlet connected to said outlet of the vaporizer, and further comprising two outlets including a first gas outlet in liquid form (heavy compounds) and a second gas outlet in gaseous form.
Selon un premier aspect de l'invention, le dispositif comprend en outre : - un réchauffeur comportant un premier circuit comprenant une entrée reliée à la seconde sortie du séparateur et une sortie de gaz réchauffé sous forme gazeuse en vue de l'alimentation dudit au moins un moteur. According to a first aspect of the invention, the device further comprises: a heater comprising a first circuit comprising an inlet connected to the second outlet of the separator and a heated gas outlet in gaseous form for feeding said at least one a motor.
Afin d'augmenter l'indice de méthane du gaz destiné à alimenter le ou les moteurs, l'invention propose ainsi de réaliser une séparation de phases du gaz liquéfié puis de conserver le gaz sous forme gazeuse qui est riche en gaz légers et a donc un indice de méthane élevé. La séparation de phases est initiée dans le vaporisateur qui permet de chauffer le gaz liquéfié jusqu'à une température suffisante pour vaporiser les gaz légers mais pas les gaz lourds. Le mélange est alors injecté dans le séparateur dans lequel les phases liquide et gazeuse se séparent. Le gaz sous forme gazeuse, contenant les gaz légers, est réchauffé dans le réchauffeur avant d'alimenter le ou les moteurs. Ce réchauffement est nécessaire car la température du gaz liquéfié est très froide dans la cuve de stockage (environ -1 60°C) et reste froide dans le vaporisateur et le séparateur (inférieure à 0°C). La vaporisation et la séparation ont donc lieu à des températures froides qui sont déterminées pour optimiser la séparation de phases et garantir que les gaz légers, et seulement les gaz légers, se
vaporisent. Le réchauffeur a donc ensuite pour fonction de réchauffer le gaz sous forme gazeuse jusqu'à une température idéale pour le fonctionnement du ou des moteurs, par exemple supérieure à 0°C. In order to increase the methane index of the gas intended to supply the engine (s), the invention thus proposes to carry out a phase separation of the liquefied gas and then to keep the gas in gaseous form which is rich in light gases and therefore has a high methane index. The phase separation is initiated in the vaporizer which heats the liquefied gas to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the light gases but not the heavy gases. The mixture is then injected into the separator in which the liquid and gaseous phases separate. The gaseous gas, containing the light gases, is reheated in the heater before feeding the engine (s). This heating is necessary because the temperature of the liquefied gas is very cold in the storage tank (about -160 ° C) and remains cold in the vaporizer and the separator (below 0 ° C). Spraying and separation therefore take place at cold temperatures which are determined to optimize phase separation and to ensure that light gases, and only light gases, vaporize. The heater then has the function of heating the gas in gaseous form to an ideal temperature for the operation of the engine or engines, for example greater than 0 ° C.
Dans la présente demande, on entend par « gaz léger », un gaz ayant une masse molaire inférieure à 28 g/mol (tel que méthane, azote et éthane), et un « gaz lourd », un gaz ayant une masse molaire supérieure à 28 g/mol (tel que propane, butane, pentane et autres hydrocarbones. In the present application, "light gas" is understood to mean a gas having a molar mass of less than 28 g / mol (such as methane, nitrogen and ethane), and a "heavy gas", a gas having a molar mass greater than 28 g / mol (such as propane, butane, pentane and other hydrocarbons.
Le dispositif selon l'invention peut comprendre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément les unes des autres ou en combinaison les unes avec les autres : The device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following features, taken separately from one another or in combination with each other:
- ledit vaporisateur est du type échangeur de chaleur et/ou détendeur, said vaporizer is of the heat exchanger and / or expander type,
- ledit séparateur est du type échangeur de chaleur et/ou détendeur said separator is of the heat exchanger and / or expander type
- ledit vaporisateur comprend un second circuit de circulation d'un fluide de chauffage, tel que du glycol ou de la vapeur, said vaporizer comprises a second circuit for circulating a heating fluid, such as glycol or steam,
- la sortie du premier circuit du vaporisateur est reliée à une première entrée d'un mélangeur qui comporte en outre une seconde entrée reliée à la sortie de la pompe et une sortie reliée à l'entrée du séparateur, the output of the first circuit of the vaporizer is connected to a first input of a mixer which furthermore comprises a second input connected to the output of the pump and an output connected to the input of the separator,
- le dispositif comprend des moyens de contrôle de la température du gaz liquéfié dans le vaporisateur et/ou dans le séparateur afin d'optimiser la vaporisation et/ou séparation de phases, the device comprises means for controlling the temperature of the liquefied gas in the vaporizer and / or in the separator in order to optimize the vaporization and / or phase separation,
- lesdits moyens de contrôle de la température sont reliés à une vanne reliée à une entrée dudit second circuit du vaporisateur, said temperature control means are connected to a valve connected to an inlet of said second circuit of the vaporizer,
- lesdits moyens de contrôle de la température sont reliés à une vanne reliée à la seconde entrée du mélangeur, said temperature control means are connected to a valve connected to the second inlet of the mixer,
- lesdits moyens de contrôle de la température sont reliés à au moins un capteur de température équipant ledit séparateur, said temperature control means are connected to at least one temperature sensor fitted to said separator,
- lesdits moyens de contrôle de la température sont reliés à des moyens de contrôle de l'indice de méthane du gaz en sortie dudit réchauffeur, said means for controlling the temperature are connected to means for controlling the methane number of the gas at the outlet of said heater,
- lesdits moyens de contrôle de l'indice de méthane sont configurés pour commander lesdits moyens de contrôle de la température et pour recevoir des données relatives au gaz liquéfié et des paramètres de fonctionnement dudit au moins un moteur,
- le dispositif comprend en outre un réservoir de stockage de gaz sous forme liquide dont une première entrée est reliée à la première sortie dudit séparateur,said methane index control means are configured to control said temperature control means and to receive data relating to the liquefied gas and operating parameters of said at least one engine, the device further comprises a gas storage tank in liquid form, a first inlet of which is connected to the first outlet of said separator,
- ledit réservoir comprend au moins une sortie configurée pour alimenter : said reservoir comprises at least one output configured to supply:
des moyens de refroidissement d'une ligne de circulation de gaz liquéfié, et/ou au moins un brûleur, means for cooling a liquefied gas circulation line, and / or at least one burner,
- ladite au moins une sortie dudit réservoir est reliée au brûleur par une vanne et/ou un réchauffeur, said at least one outlet of said tank is connected to the burner by a valve and / or a heater,
- le dispositif comprend un compresseur comportant une entrée destinée à être reliée à une sortie de gaz sous forme gazeuse contenu dans ladite cuve, et comportant une sortie de gaz comprimé, the device comprises a compressor comprising an inlet intended to be connected to a gas outlet in gaseous form contained in said tank, and comprising a compressed gas outlet,
- ladite sortie de gaz comprimé est reliée à la sortie dudit réchauffeur, en vue de l'alimentation dudit au moins un moteur, said compressed gas outlet is connected to the outlet of said heater, with a view to feeding said at least one motor,
- ladite sortie de gaz comprimé est reliée à une seconde entrée dudit réservoir. said compressed gas outlet is connected to a second inlet of said tank.
- ledit réservoir comprend une seconde entrée reliée à des moyens d'alimentation en azote sous pression. said reservoir comprises a second inlet connected to pressurized nitrogen supply means.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé d'au moins un moteur thermique, en particulier d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié, au moyen d'un dispositif tel que décrit ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce que : The present invention also relates to a method for supplying gas with an optimized methane index of at least one heat engine, in particular a liquefied gas transport vessel, by means of a device as described above, characterized in that
- du gaz liquéfié est prélevé par la pompe à une température inférieure ou égale à -1 60°C, - liquefied gas is taken by the pump at a temperature lower than -160 ° C,
le gaz liquéfié prélevé est chauffé dans le vaporisateur pour atteindre une température comprise entre -130 et -10°C, et de préférence entre -100 et -40°C, de façon à vaporiser certains gaz, dits gaz légers, les autres gaz, dits gaz lourds, restant sous forme liquide, séparer les phases liquide et gazeuse dans le séparateur, puis réchauffer le gaz sous forme gazeuse issu du séparateur, à une température supérieure à 0°C, et par exemple de l'ordre de 20°C. the liquefied gas taken is heated in the vaporizer to reach a temperature between -130 and -10 ° C, and preferably between -100 and -40 ° C, so as to vaporize certain gases, called light gases, the other gases, said heavy gases, remaining in liquid form, separate the liquid and gaseous phases in the separator, and then heat the gas in gaseous form from the separator, at a temperature above 0 ° C, and for example of the order of 20 ° C .
Avantageusement : Advantageously:
- le gaz liquéfié est prélevé par la pompe à une pression comprise entre 7 et 12 bar, et par exemple de 8 bar,
- la pression dans le vaporisateur est comprise entre 6 et 10 bar, et par exemple de 7 bar, the liquefied gas is taken by the pump at a pressure of between 7 and 12 bar, and for example 8 bar, the pressure in the vaporizer is between 6 and 10 bar, and for example 7 bar,
- la pression dans le séparateur est comprise entre 5 et 7 bar, et est par exemple de 6,2 bar, et the pressure in the separator is between 5 and 7 bar, and is for example 6.2 bar, and
- la pression dans le réchauffeur est comprise entre 5 et 7 bar, et est par exemple de 6 bars. - The pressure in the heater is between 5 and 7 bar, and is for example 6 bar.
La pression dans le réservoir peut être comprise entre 1 et 10 bar, par exemple 2 bar. The pressure in the tank may be between 1 and 10 bar, for example 2 bar.
Selon un second aspect de l'invention, le dispositif comprend en outre : - des moyens de dérivation comportant une sortie de gaz sous forme gazeuse destinée à alimenter ledit au moins un moteur, et au moins une entrée reliée à ladite entrée du séparateur et/ou à une sortie de gaz sous forme gazeuse de ladite cuve. According to a second aspect of the invention, the device further comprises: - derivation means comprising a gas outlet in gaseous form for supplying said at least one engine, and at least one input connected to said input of the separator and / or at a gaseous gas outlet of said tank.
Dans une cuve de stockage de gaz liquéfié, une évaporation naturelle a lieu. Les gaz qui s'évaporent naturellement sont les gaz les plus légers car ils ont les plus basses températures d'évaporation. Autrement dit, les gaz issus de l'évaporation naturelle du gaz liquéfié ont un indice de méthane élevé et sont particulièrement adaptés pour leur utilisation directe, moyennant éventuellement leur réchauffement, pour l'alimentation du ou des moteurs. In a liquefied gas storage tank, natural evaporation takes place. Gases that evaporate naturally are the lightest gases because they have the lowest evaporation temperatures. In other words, the gases resulting from the natural evaporation of the liquefied gas have a high methane index and are particularly suitable for their direct use, possibly through their heating, for the supply of the engine (s).
Les moyens de dérivation peuvent comprendre au moins une vanne et/ou un compresseur. The derivation means may comprise at least one valve and / or a compressor.
Ce dispositif peut comprendre un réchauffeur du type échangeur comportant un premier circuit comprenant une entrée reliée à la sortie du compresseur et comprenant en outre une sortie de gaz réchauffé sous forme gazeuse en vue de l'alimentation dudit au moins un moteur. En variante, un réchauffeur peut être intégré au compresseur. This device may comprise an exchanger-type heater comprising a first circuit comprising an input connected to the output of the compressor and further comprising a heated gas outlet in gaseous form for the supply of said at least one engine. Alternatively, a heater can be integrated with the compressor.
Ce dispositif peut comprendre tout ou partie des caractéristiques du dispositif selon le premier aspect de l'invention. This device may comprise all or part of the characteristics of the device according to the first aspect of the invention.
Selon un troisième aspect de l'invention, le dispositif comprend en outre : - un réservoir de stockage de gaz sous forme liquide dont une première entrée est reliée à la première sortie dudit séparateur, ledit réservoir comprenant au moins une sortie configurée pour alimenter :
des moyens de refroidissement d'une ligne de circulation de gaz liquéfié, et/ou According to a third aspect of the invention, the device further comprises: a gas storage tank in liquid form, a first input of which is connected to the first output of said separator, said tank comprising at least one output configured to supply: means for cooling a liquefied gas circulation line, and / or
au moins un brûleur. at least one burner.
Ce dispositif peut comprendre tout ou partie des caractéristiques du dispositif selon les premier et/ou second aspects de l'invention. This device may comprise all or part of the characteristics of the device according to the first and / or second aspects of the invention.
Selon un autre aspect, l'invention propose un procédé de contrôle de l'indice de méthane d'un gaz d'alimentation d'au moins un moteur thermique, en particulier d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes de : According to another aspect, the invention proposes a method for controlling the methane index of a feed gas of at least one heat engine, in particular of a liquefied gas transport vessel, characterized in that it includes the steps of:
- prélèvement de gaz liquéfié, - withdrawal of liquefied gas,
vaporisation partielle du gaz liquéfié afin de produire du gaz sous forme gazeuse comportant des gaz légers du gaz liquéfié, des gaz lourds du gaz liquéfié restant sous forme liquide, partial vaporization of the liquefied gas to produce gaseous gas comprising light gases of the liquefied gas, heavy gases of the liquefied gas remaining in liquid form,
caractérisé en ce que l'indice de méthane du gaz sous forme gazeuse est contrôlé par régulation de la température à laquelle la vaporisation a lieu. characterized in that the methane number of the gaseous gas is controlled by controlling the temperature at which the vaporization takes place.
La vaporisation est ici une évaporation forcée, par opposition à la vaporisation naturelle qui a lieu dans à l'interface liquide/gaz d'une cuve de stockage de gaz liquéfié. Vaporization is here a forced evaporation, as opposed to the natural vaporization that takes place in the liquid / gas interface of a liquefied gas storage tank.
Le procédé selon l'invention peut comprendre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques ou étapes suivantes, prises isolément les unes des autres ou en combinaison les unes avec les autres : The method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following features or steps, taken separately from each other or in combination with each other:
- la température est régulée par variation du débit d'alimentation en fluide de chauffage d'un circuit d'un vaporisateur configurée pour assurer ladite vaporisation, the temperature is regulated by varying the feed rate of the heating fluid of a circuit of a vaporizer configured to ensure said vaporization,
- la température est régulée par mélange du gaz liquéfié après vaporisation partielle avec du gaz liquéfié prélevé et n'ayant pas subi de vaporisation partielle, the temperature is regulated by mixing the liquefied gas after partial vaporization with liquefied gas taken and not subjected to partial vaporization,
- la température est régulée en fonction de la température du gaz sous forme gazeuse, the temperature is regulated as a function of the temperature of the gaseous gas,
- la température est régulée en fonction de données relatives au gaz liquéfié et/ou de paramètres de fonctionnement dudit au moins un moteur.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES the temperature is regulated according to data relating to the liquefied gas and / or operating parameters of said at least one engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres détails, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif et en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels : The invention will be better understood and other details, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, given by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé, selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an optimized methane index gas supply device, according to a first embodiment of the invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé, selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an optimized methane index gas supply device, according to a second embodiment of the invention,
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé, selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an optimized methane index gas supply device, according to a third embodiment of the invention,
- la figure 4 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé, selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention, et FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an optimized methane index gas supply device, according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, and
- la figure 5 est un schéma bloc illustrant des étapes d'un procédé de contrôle de l'indice de méthane d'un gaz d'alimentation d'au moins un moteur thermique. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating steps of a method for controlling the methane number of a feed gas of at least one heat engine.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Dans la description qui suit, les termes « amont » et « aval » font référence à l'écoulement d'un fluide, tel qu'un gaz ou un liquide, dans une conduite ou un circuit. In the following description, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" refer to the flow of a fluid, such as a gas or a liquid, in a pipe or circuit.
La figure 1 montre un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif 10 d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé d'au moins un moteur thermique 12, en particulier d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié. Ce moteur 12 peut être un moteur principal ou un moteur auxiliaire du navire. FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an optimized methane index gas supply device 10 for at least one heat engine 12, in particular of a liquefied gas transport vessel. This engine 12 may be a main engine or an auxiliary engine of the ship.
Le navire comprend au moins une cuve 14 de stockage de gaz liquéfié tel que du gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL). La cuve 14 est à pression atmosphérique ou pressurisée. Le GNL est stocké dans la cuve sous forme liquide à une température de l'ordre de -1 60°C. Le GNL est soumis à une évaporation naturelle et une partie du GNL se vaporise si bien que la cuve comprend également une certaine quantité de gaz sous forme gazeuse.
La référence 1 6 désigne une pompe qui est immergée dans le GNL et est donc destinée à être alimentée en GNL et non pas en gaz sous forme gazeuse. La pompe 1 6 est donc de préférence située au fond de la cuve. The vessel comprises at least one tank 14 for storing liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas (LNG). The tank 14 is at atmospheric pressure or pressurized. The LNG is stored in the tank in liquid form at a temperature of the order of -160 ° C. LNG is naturally evap- orated and some of the LNG vaporizes, so that the tank also contains some gaseous gas. The reference 1 6 designates a pump which is immersed in the LNG and is therefore intended to be supplied with LNG and not gas in gaseous form. The pump 1 6 is therefore preferably located at the bottom of the tank.
En plus de la pompe 1 6, le dispositif 10 comprend un évaporateur ou vaporisateur 18, un séparateur 20 et un réchauffeur 22. Ils sont ici montés en série les uns après les autres, en aval de la pompe 16. In addition to the pump 1 6, the device 10 comprises an evaporator or vaporizer 18, a separator 20 and a heater 22. They are here connected in series one after the other, downstream of the pump 16.
La pompe 1 6 comprend une sortie 1 6a de GNL, c'est-à-dire de gaz sous forme liquide. La sortie 1 6a est reliée à une entrée 18aa d'un premier circuit de fluide du vaporisateur 18 qui est ici un échangeur de chaleur à deux circuits. Le premier circuit du vaporisateur 18 comprend une sortie 18ab reliée à une entrée 20a du séparateur. The pump 1 6 comprises an output 1 6a of LNG, that is to say gas in liquid form. The output 1 6a is connected to an input 18aa of a first fluid circuit of the vaporizer 18 which is here a two-circuit heat exchanger. The first vaporizer circuit 18 includes an output 18ab connected to an input 20a of the separator.
Le second circuit du vaporisateur 18 comprend une entrée 18ba et une sortie 18bb et permet la circulation d'un fluide de chauffage tel que de la vapeur ou du glycol. La circulation d'un fluide de chauffage dans le second circuit permet d'élever la température du GNL prélevé dans la cuve 14 jusqu'à une température prédéterminée permettant une évaporation partielle du GNL. The second circuit of the vaporizer 18 comprises an inlet 18ba and an outlet 18bb and allows the circulation of a heating fluid such as steam or glycol. The circulation of a heating fluid in the second circuit makes it possible to raise the temperature of the LNG taken from the tank 14 to a predetermined temperature allowing partial evaporation of the LNG.
Une partie du GNL contenant des gaz légers, tels que de l'azote, du méthane et de l'éthane, se vaporise, et l'autre partie du GNL contenant les gaz lourds, tels que du n-butane, reste sous forme liquide. La sortie 18ab du premier circuit de l'évaporateur est donc une sortie de gaz à la fois sous forme gazeuse et liquide. Part of the LNG containing light gases, such as nitrogen, methane and ethane, vaporizes, and the other part of the LNG containing heavy gases, such as n-butane, remains in liquid form . The output 18ab of the first circuit of the evaporator is therefore a gas outlet both in gaseous and liquid form.
Ce mélange de gaz diphasique alimente le séparateur 20, par son entrée 20a. Une séparation de phases est recherchée dans le séparateur 20 qui comprend une sortie 20b de gaz sous forme gazeuse, et une sortie 20c de gaz sous forme liquide contenant les gaz lourds. Le séparateur peut être d'une technologie classique, par exemple à nid d'abeilles ou par gravité. This two-phase gas mixture supplies the separator 20 via its inlet 20a. A phase separation is sought in the separator 20 which comprises an outlet 20b of gas in gaseous form, and an outlet 20c of gas in liquid form containing the heavy gases. The separator may be of conventional technology, for example honeycomb or gravity.
La sortie 20b du séparateur 20 est reliée à une entrée 22a du réchauffeur 22 qui a pour fonction d'élever la température du gaz sous forme gazeuse en vue de l'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé du moteur 12 à une température convenable, et plus exactement à une température comprise dans la plage de température acceptée par le moteur 12, i.e. : entre 0°c et 60°C comme indiqué ci-dessous.
Le dispositif 10 de la figure 1 fonctionne de la façon suivante. Du gaz liquéfié est prélevé par la pompe 1 6 à une température inférieure ou égale à - 160°C, et à une pression par exemple de l'ordre de 8 bar. Le gaz prélevé est réchauffé dans le vaporisateur 18 pour atteindre une température comprise entre -130 et -10°C, et de préférence entre -100 et -40°C, de façon à vaporiser les gaz légers, les gaz lourds restant sous forme liquide. La pression dans le vaporisateur 18 est comprise entre 6 et 8 bars, et est par exemple de 7 bar. Le mélange de phases est injecté dans le séparateur 20 en vue la séparation de ces phases. La pression dans le séparateur est comprise entre 5 et 7 bar, et est par exemple de 6,2 bar. Le gaz sous forme gazeuse sortant de la sortie 20b est réchauffé à une température supérieure à 0°C, et par exemple de l'ordre de 20°C, par le réchauffeur 22. La pression dans le réchauffeur est comprise entre 5 et 7 bar, et est par exemple de 6 bar. Le moteur 12 est ainsi alimenté en gaz combustible à une température comprise entre 0°C et 60°C, de 20°C et une pression de 6 bar par exemple. The outlet 20b of the separator 20 is connected to an inlet 22a of the heater 22, whose function is to raise the temperature of the gas in gaseous form with a view to supplying gas with an optimized methane number of the engine 12 at a suitable temperature. and more precisely at a temperature in the temperature range accepted by the engine 12, ie: between 0 ° C and 60 ° C as indicated below. The device 10 of Figure 1 operates as follows. Liquefied gas is taken by the pump 1 6 at a temperature of less than or equal to -160 ° C, and a pressure for example of the order of 8 bar. The sampled gas is reheated in the vaporizer 18 to reach a temperature between -130 and -10 ° C, and preferably between -100 and -40 ° C, so as to vaporize the light gases, the heavy gases remaining in liquid form . The pressure in the vaporizer 18 is between 6 and 8 bar, and is for example 7 bar. The phase mixture is injected into the separator 20 for separation of these phases. The pressure in the separator is between 5 and 7 bar, and is for example 6.2 bar. The gaseous gas leaving the outlet 20b is heated to a temperature above 0 ° C, for example of the order of 20 ° C, by the heater 22. The pressure in the heater is between 5 and 7 bar , and is for example 6 bar. The engine 12 is thus supplied with fuel gas at a temperature of between 0 ° C. and 60 ° C., of 20 ° C. and a pressure of 6 bar, for example.
La figure 2 montre un autre mode de réalisation du dispositif 10 qui comprend ici en outre des moyens 24 de contrôle de l'indice de méthane du gaz destiné à alimenter le moteur 12. FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the device 10 which furthermore comprises means 24 for checking the methane index of the gas intended to supply the engine 12.
Les moyens de contrôle 24 peuvent se présenter sous la forme d'une unité informatique comportant notamment des moyens de saisie, d'enregistrement et de sauvegarde de données, des moyens de calcul, et des moyens de commande. The control means 24 may be in the form of a computer unit comprising in particular means for capturing, recording and saving data, calculation means, and control means.
Les moyens de contrôle 24 sont destinés à recevoir des informations telles que des paramètres 26 de fonctionnement du moteur 12 et des données The control means 24 are intended to receive information such as operating parameters 26 of the engine 12 and data
28 relatives aux GNL comme par exemple sa composition, sa densité, sa température, etc. 28 relating to LNG such as its composition, density, temperature, etc.
Les paramètres 26 caractérisent notamment le régime attendu de fonctionnement du moteur 12. Pour un régime de fonctionnement du moteur 12, il existe un indice de méthane souhaité pour le gaz combustible alimentant ce moteur. Par ailleurs, des abaques existent ou peuvent être préparés en amont et enregistrés dans les moyens de contrôle 24, de façon à calculer la
température de fonctionnement du vaporisateur 18 en fonction de l'indice de méthane souhaité et des données 28 relatives au GNL. The parameters 26 characterize in particular the expected engine running speed 12. For an operating speed of the engine 12, there is a desired methane number for the fuel gas supplying the engine. Furthermore, charts exist or can be prepared upstream and recorded in the control means 24, so as to calculate the operating temperature of the vaporizer 18 as a function of the desired methane number and data 28 relating to LNG.
Les données 28 peuvent être obtenues par l'intermédiaire d'un chromatographe qui est un instrument capable de déterminer la composition d'un gaz ou du GNL et la concentration de ses composants. Cet instrument peut être situé dans le dispositif 10, entre la sortie de GNL de la cuve 14 et l'entrée de gaz combustible des moteurs 12. The data 28 can be obtained via a chromatograph which is an instrument capable of determining the composition of a gas or LNG and the concentration of its components. This instrument can be located in the device 10, between the LNG outlet of the tank 14 and the fuel gas inlet of the engines 12.
Les moyens 24 sont reliés à des moyens 30 de contrôle de la température qui sont reliés à au moins un capteur de température 32 équipant par exemple le séparateur 20, et en particulier un étage élevé du séparateur afin que la température du gaz sous forme gazeuse soit mesurée. The means 24 are connected to means 30 for controlling the temperature which are connected to at least one temperature sensor 32 equipping for example the separator 20, and in particular a high stage of the separator so that the temperature of the gaseous gas is measured.
Les moyens de contrôle 30 peuvent s'apparenter à un comparateur qui va recevoir un signal du capteur 32 correspondant à une mesure de température et qui va la comparer à une valeur prédéterminée calculée par les moyens 24, afin d'émettre un signal à l'attention des moyens 24 pour l'ajustement de la température de fonctionnement du vaporisateur 18 et/ou du séparateur 20. The control means 30 may be similar to a comparator which will receive a signal from the sensor 32 corresponding to a temperature measurement and which will compare it to a predetermined value calculated by the means 24, in order to transmit a signal to the attention of the means 24 for adjusting the operating temperature of the vaporizer 18 and / or the separator 20.
Dans l'exemple représenté, une vanne 34 est située sur le second circuit du vaporisateur 18, en amont de l'entrée 18ba et son débit est régulé par les moyens 24, 30. In the example shown, a valve 34 is located on the second circuit of the vaporizer 18, upstream of the inlet 18ba and its flow rate is regulated by the means 24, 30.
De plus, un mélangeur 36 est monté entre la sortie 18ba et l'entrée 20a. Ce mélangeur 36 comprend deux entrées dont une est raccordée à la sortie 18ba et l'autre est raccordée à la sortie 1 6a de la pompe 1 6, en amont du vaporisateur 18. Une autre vanne 38 est située en amont de l'entrée 36b du mélangeur et permet de réguler le débit de gaz liquéfié alimentant le mélangeur. Le mélangeur 36 a pour fonction de mélanger une certaine quantité de gaz liquéfié prélevée dans la cuve 14 une certaine quantité de gaz diphasique sortant du vaporisateur 18, afin d'alimenter le séparateur 20 avec un mélange de gaz diphasique à une température optimisée. Le débit de la vanne 38 est régulé par les moyens 24, 30.
Le mode de réalisation de la figure 2 montre en outre des moyens de dérivation 40 qui sont ici configurés pour contourner le séparateur 20 et le réchauffeur 22. In addition, a mixer 36 is mounted between the outlet 18ba and the inlet 20a. This mixer 36 comprises two inputs, one of which is connected to the output 18ba and the other is connected to the output 1 6a of the pump 1 6, upstream of the vaporizer 18. Another valve 38 is located upstream of the inlet 36b mixer and regulates the flow of liquefied gas supplying the mixer. The mixer 36 has the function of mixing a certain amount of liquefied gas taken from the tank 14 a certain amount of two-phase gas leaving the vaporizer 18, to supply the separator 20 with a two-phase gas mixture at an optimized temperature. The flow rate of the valve 38 is regulated by the means 24, 30. The embodiment of FIG. 2 further shows bypass means 40 which are here configured to bypass the separator 20 and the heater 22.
Les moyens de dérivation 40 comprennent une entrée 40a reliée à la sortie 18ab du vaporisateur 18 ou du mélangeur 36, et une sortie 40b reliée à la sortie 20b du séparateur 20 ou à la sortie 22b du réchauffeur 22. Les moyens de dérivation 40 comprennent une vanne 42 dont le débit est régulé par les moyens 24, 30. La figure 3 montre un autre mode de réalisation du dispositif 10 qui comprend ici un réservoir 44 de stockage de gaz sous forme liquide dont une première entrée 44a est reliée à la première sortie 20c du séparateur 20. The bypass means 40 comprise an inlet 40a connected to the outlet 18ab of the vaporizer 18 or the mixer 36, and an outlet 40b connected to the outlet 20b of the separator 20 or to the outlet 22b of the heater 22. The bypass means 40 comprise a valve 42 whose flow rate is regulated by the means 24, 30. FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the device 10 which here comprises a reservoir 44 for storing gas in liquid form, a first inlet 44 a of which is connected to the first outlet 20c of the separator 20.
Le réservoir 44 est donc destiné à recevoir et stocker le gaz sous forme liquide, comportant les gaz lourds, issus de la vaporisation partielle et de la séparation de phases du GNL prélevé. The reservoir 44 is therefore intended to receive and store the gas in liquid form, comprising the heavy gases, resulting from the partial vaporization and the phase separation of the LNG withdrawn.
Le réservoir est par exemple configuré pour stocker le gaz sous forme liquide à une pression de l'ordre de 2 à 3 bar. La température du gaz dans le réservoir peut être très basse et une des utilisations de ce gaz peut être le refroidissement de lignes de circulation de GNL. Une autre utilisation du gaz contenu dans le réservoir 44 peut être pour être brûlé dans des brûleurs 52 du type DF (acronyme de dual fuel) ou GCU {gas combustion unit) ou chaudière, par exemple pour la génération de vapeur utilisée dans le navire. Cette vapeur peut être utilisée pour alimenter le second circuit du vaporisateur 18 voire du réchauffeur 22. La vapeur peut être utilisée pour réchauffer une cuve de stockage de GNL du navire, afin que sa température ne soit pas trop froide ce qui augmente la viscosité du GNL. The reservoir is for example configured to store the gas in liquid form at a pressure of the order of 2 to 3 bar. The temperature of the gas in the tank can be very low and one of the uses of this gas can be the cooling of LNG circulation lines. Another use of the gas contained in the tank 44 may be to be burned in burners 52 of the DF (dual fuel acronym) or GCU (gas combustion unit) or boiler type, for example for the steam generation used in the ship. This steam can be used to feed the second circuit of the vaporizer 18 or the heater 22. The steam can be used to heat an LNG storage tank of the ship, so that its temperature is not too cold which increases the viscosity of LNG .
Le réservoir 44 comprend une ou plusieurs sorties 44b telles qu'une sortie pour le refroidissement d'une ligne 45 de circulation de GNL, comme évoqué dans ce qui précède. Cette sortie 44b est reliée à une vanne 46. La circulation de gaz liquéfié à basse température dans une ligne permet de refroidir cette ligne, par exemple avant une opération de soutage (remplissage d'une cuve du navire) afin de limiter le choc thermique lors de cette opération.
Le réservoir 44 comprend une sortie 44c reliée à une vanne 48 voire à un réchauffeur 50 en vue de l'alimentation du ou des brûleurs 52. La sortie 44b peut être reliée par une boucle à la sortie 44c, par exemple en aval de la vanne 48, afin que le gaz sous forme liquide qui a participé au refroidissement de la ligne 45 et qui est donc réchauffé par échangeur de chaleur, puisse être utilisé pour l'alimentation des brûleurs. Cette boucle est équipée d'une vanne 54. The reservoir 44 comprises one or more outlets 44b such as an outlet for cooling a line 45 for circulating LNG, as mentioned in the foregoing. This outlet 44b is connected to a valve 46. The circulation of liquefied gas at a low temperature in a line makes it possible to cool this line, for example before a bunkering operation (filling of a tank of the vessel) in order to limit the thermal shock during of this operation. The reservoir 44 comprises an outlet 44c connected to a valve 48 or to a heater 50 for supplying the burner or burners 52. The outlet 44b can be connected by a loop to the outlet 44c, for example downstream of the valve 48, so that the gas in liquid form which participated in the cooling of the line 45 and which is thus heated by heat exchanger, can be used for feeding the burners. This loop is equipped with a valve 54.
Le mode de réalisation de la figure 3 comprend en outre des moyens de dérivation 56 qui sont ici configurés pour contourner l'vapo sateur 18, le séparateur 20 et le réchauffeur 22. The embodiment of FIG. 3 further comprises bypass means 56 which are here configured to bypass the vaporizer 18, the separator 20 and the heater 22.
Les moyens de dérivation 56 comprennent un compresseur 58 comportant une entrée 58a reliée à une sortie 14a de gaz sous forme gazeuse (obtenu par évaporation naturelle du GNL) de la cuve 14. La sortie 58b du compresseur est reliée directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne 60 à la sortie 22b du réchauffeur, en vue de l'alimentation en gaz d'évaporation naturelle du moteur 12, et/ou à une autre entrée 44d du réservoir 44, également directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne 62. En variante ou en caractéristique additionnelle, des moyens 64 d'alimentation en gaz, tel que de l'azote, sous pression sont reliés à l'entrée 44d du réservoir. The diversion means 56 comprise a compressor 58 having an inlet 58a connected to an outlet 14a of gas in gaseous form (obtained by natural evaporation of the LNG) from the tank 14. The outlet 58b of the compressor is connected directly or via a valve 60 at the outlet 22b of the heater, with a view to supplying natural evaporation gas to the engine 12, and / or to another inlet 44d of the tank 44, also directly or via a valve 62. Alternatively or in additional feature, means 64 for supplying gas, such as nitrogen, under pressure are connected to the inlet 44d of the tank.
L'alimentation du réservoir par du gaz sous pression, par exemple supérieure à 6 bars, issu du compresseur 58 ou des moyens 64 permet de forcer et de faciliter l'écoulement du gaz sous forme liquide à travers les sorties 44b, 44c du réservoir. Feeding the tank with gas under pressure, for example greater than 6 bar, from the compressor 58 or means 64 makes it possible to force and facilitate the flow of the gas in liquid form through the outlets 44b, 44c of the tank.
Les vannes 46, 48, 54, 60, 62 peuvent être commandés par les moyens 24, 30. The valves 46, 48, 54, 60, 62 can be controlled by the means 24, 30.
Le mode de réalisation de la figure 4 regroupe toutes les caractéristiques décrites en référence aux modes de réalisation des figures 1 à 3. La figure 5 est un schéma bloc illustrant des étapes d'un procédé de contrôle de l'indice de méthane d'un gaz d'alimentation du moteur 12.
Le navire équipé du moteur 12 se déplace à une vitesse donnée, notée V1 . Pour atteindre cette vitesse V1 , le moteur 12 ou les moteurs principaux du navire doivent être à un régime R1 . Pour atteindre ce régime R1 , il faut que le gaz combustible alimentant le moteur ait un indice de méthane MNm minimum. Cet indice MNm est transmis par les moyens 24 aux moyens 30 qui vont le comparer à l'indice MNa actuel. Cet indice MNa est calculé à partir des données 28 du GNL telles que sa composition. The embodiment of FIG. 4 groups together all the characteristics described with reference to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating steps of a method for controlling the methane index of a engine fuel gas 12. The vessel equipped with the engine 12 moves at a given speed, denoted V1. To reach this speed V1, the engine 12 or the main engines of the ship must be at a speed R1. To reach this regime R1, it is necessary that the fuel gas supplying the engine has a minimum methane index MNm. This index MNm is transmitted by the means 24 to the means 30 which will compare it to the current index MNa. This MNa index is calculated from LNG data 28 such as its composition.
Si MNa est supérieur ou égal à MNm, les moyens de dérivation 40 ou 56 peuvent être utilisés pour alimenter directement le moteur 12 avec du gaz d'évaporation naturelle ou forcée qui a déjà un indice de méthane optimal pour le régime du moteur. If MNa is greater than or equal to MNm, the bypass means 40 or 56 can be used to supply the engine 12 directly with natural or forced evaporation gas which already has an optimum methane number for the engine speed.
Dans le cas contraire, où MNa est inférieur à MNm, les moyens 24, 30 reçoivent la température T1 mesurée par le capteur 32 et calculent la température optimale de fonctionnement du vaporisateur 18. Ils commandent cette température, afin que la quantité de gaz d'évaporation forcée générée dans l'évaporateur permette d'atteindre l'objectif minimal en termes d'indice de méthane. En pratique, des itérations ont lieu lors desquelles la température T1 est mesurée et contrôlée à plusieurs reprises jusqu'à ce que le gaz combustible ait la bonne composition et donc l'indice de méthane requis pour le régime considéré. Comme évoqué dans ce qui précède, la relation entre la température du gaz et la composition du gaz est une relation thermodynamique et plusieurs modèles connus existent. Les moyens 24, 30 commandent les vannes 34, 38 en conséquence. In the opposite case, where MNa is less than MNm, the means 24, 30 receive the temperature T1 measured by the sensor 32 and calculate the optimum operating temperature of the vaporizer 18. They control this temperature, so that the quantity of gas of forced evaporation generated in the evaporator achieves the minimum objective in terms of methane index. In practice, iterations take place during which the temperature T1 is measured and monitored several times until the fuel gas has the right composition and therefore the methane index required for the considered regime. As discussed above, the relationship between gas temperature and gas composition is a thermodynamic relationship and several known models exist. The means 24, 30 control the valves 34, 38 accordingly.
La relation entre la composition du gaz et son indice de méthane est en général définie par le fabricant du moteur ou peut être obtenue par la norme EN 16726.
The relationship between the gas composition and its methane number is generally defined by the engine manufacturer or can be obtained by EN 16726.
Claims
1 . Dispositif (10) d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé d'au moins un moteur thermique (12), en particulier d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins : 1. Apparatus (10) for supplying gas with an optimized methane number of at least one heat engine (12), in particular a liquefied gas transport vessel, characterized in that it comprises at least:
- une pompe (16) destinée à être immergée au fond d'une cuve (14) de stockage de gaz liquéfié et comportant une sortie (1 6a) de gaz sous forme liquide, a pump (16) intended to be immersed at the bottom of a tank (14) for liquefied gas storage and comprising an outlet (1 6a) of gas in liquid form,
- un vaporisateur (18) comportant un premier circuit comprenant une entrée (18aa) reliée à la sortie de la pompe et comprenant en outre une sortie (18ab) de gaz sous forme liquide et de gaz sous forme gazeuse, a vaporizer (18) comprising a first circuit comprising an inlet (18aa) connected to the outlet of the pump and further comprising an outlet (18ab) of gas in liquid form and of gas in gaseous form,
- un séparateur (20) de phases comportant une entrée (20a) reliée à ladite sortie du vaporisateur, et comportant en outre deux sorties (20b, 20c) dont une première sortie (20c) de gaz sous forme liquide et une seconde sortie (20b) de gaz sous forme gazeuse, et a phase separator (20) comprising an inlet (20a) connected to said outlet of the vaporizer, and further comprising two outlets (20b, 20c) of which a first liquid gas outlet (20c) and a second outlet (20b) ) gas in gaseous form, and
- un réchauffeur (22) comportant un premier circuit comprenant une entrée (22a) reliée à la seconde sortie du séparateur et une sortie (22b) de gaz réchauffé sous forme gazeuse en vue de l'alimentation dudit au moins un moteur. - A heater (22) having a first circuit comprising an inlet (22a) connected to the second outlet of the separator and an outlet (22b) of gas-heated gas for supplying said at least one engine.
2. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel ledit vaporisateur (18) comprend un second circuit de circulation d'un fluide de chauffage, tel que du glycol ou de la vapeur. 2. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein said vaporizer (18) comprises a second circulation circuit of a heating fluid, such as glycol or steam.
3. Dispositif (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la sortie (18ab) du premier circuit du vaporisateur (18) est reliée à une première entrée d'un mélangeur (36) qui comporte en outre une seconde entrée reliée à la sortie (1 6a) de la pompe (1 6) et une sortie reliée à l'entrée (20a) du séparateur (20). 3. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the output (18ab) of the first vaporizer circuit (18) is connected to a first input of a mixer (36) which further comprises a second connected input at the outlet (1 6a) of the pump (1 6) and an outlet connected to the inlet (20a) of the separator (20).
4. Dispositif (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il comprend des moyens (30) de contrôle de la température du gaz liquéfié dans le vaporisateur (18) et/ou dans le séparateur (20) afin d'optimiser la vaporisation et/ou la séparation de phases.
4. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises means (30) for controlling the temperature of the liquefied gas in the vaporizer (18) and / or in the separator (20) to optimize vaporization and / or phase separation.
5. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, en dépendance de la revendication 2, dans lequel lesdits moyens (30) de contrôle de la température sont reliés à une vanne (34) reliée à une entrée dudit second circuit du vaporisateur (18). 5. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, in accordance with claim 2, wherein said means (30) for controlling the temperature are connected to a valve (34) connected to an inlet of said second circuit of the vaporizer (18) .
6. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, en dépendance de la revendication 3, dans lequel lesdits moyens (30) de contrôle de la température sont reliés à une vanne (38) reliée à la seconde entrée du mélangeur (36). 6. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, in accordance with claim 3, wherein said means (30) for controlling the temperature are connected to a valve (38) connected to the second inlet of the mixer (36).
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, dans lequel lesdits moyens (30) de contrôle de la température sont reliés à au moins un capteur (32) de température équipant ledit séparateur (20). 7. Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, wherein said means (30) for controlling the temperature are connected to at least one temperature sensor (32) equipping said separator (20).
8. Dispositif (10) selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, dans lequel lesdits moyens (30) de contrôle de la température sont reliés à des moyens (24) de contrôle de l'indice de méthane du gaz en sortie dudit réchauffeur (22). 8. Device (10) according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein said means (30) for controlling the temperature are connected to means (24) for controlling the methane index of the gas output of said heater (22).
9. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel lesdits moyens (24) de contrôle de l'indice de méthane sont configurés pour commander lesdits moyens (30) de contrôle de la température et pour recevoir des données (28) relatives au gaz liquéfié et des paramètres (26) de fonctionnement dudit au moins un moteur (12). 9. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein said means (24) for monitoring the methane index are configured to control said means (30) for controlling the temperature and for receiving data (28) relating to the liquefied gas and operating parameters (26) of said at least one engine (12).
10. Dispositif (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il comprend en outre un réservoir (44) de stockage de gaz sous forme liquide dont une première entrée (44a) est reliée à la première sortie (20c) dudit séparateur. 10. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it further comprises a reservoir (44) for storing gas in liquid form, a first inlet (44a) is connected to the first outlet (20c) of said separator .
1 1 . Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel ledit réservoir (44) comprend au moins une sortie (44b, 44c) configurée pour alimenter : 1 1. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein said reservoir (44) comprises at least one outlet (44b, 44c) configured to supply:
- des moyens de refroidissement d'une ligne (45) de circulation de gaz liquéfié, et/ou means for cooling a line (45) for circulating liquefied gas, and / or
- au moins un brûleur (52).
at least one burner (52).
12. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel ladite au moins une sortie (44b, 44c) dudit réservoir (44) est reliée au brûleur (52) par une vanne (46, 48, 54) et/ou un réchauffeur (50). 12. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein said at least one outlet (44b, 44c) of said tank (44) is connected to the burner (52) by a valve (46, 48, 54) and / or a heater (50).
13. Dispositif (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il comprend un compresseur (58) comportant une entrée (58a) destinée à être reliée à une sortie (14a) de gaz sous forme gazeuse contenu dans ladite cuve (14), et comportant une sortie (58b) de gaz comprimé. 13. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises a compressor (58) having an inlet (58a) intended to be connected to an outlet (14a) of gaseous gas contained in said vessel (14). ), and having an outlet (58b) of compressed gas.
14. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel ladite sortie (58b) de gaz comprimé est reliée à la sortie (22b) dudit réchauffeur (22), en vue de l'alimentation dudit au moins un moteur (12). 14. Device (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein said outlet (58b) of compressed gas is connected to the outlet (22b) of said heater (22), for the supply of said at least one motor (12).
15. Dispositif (10) selon la revendication 13 ou 14, en dépendance de l'une des revendications 10 à 12, dans lequel ladite sortie (58b) de gaz comprimé est reliée à une seconde entrée (44d) dudit réservoir (44). 15. Device (10) according to claim 13 or 14, according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein said outlet (58b) of compressed gas is connected to a second inlet (44d) of said reservoir (44).
1 6. Dispositif (10) selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, dans lequel ledit réservoir (44) comprend une seconde entrée (44d) reliée à des moyens (64) d'alimentation en azote sous pression. 6. Device (10) according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein said reservoir (44) comprises a second inlet (44d) connected to means (64) for supplying nitrogen under pressure.
17. Procédé d'alimentation en gaz à indice de méthane optimisé d'au moins un moteur thermique, en particulier d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié, au moyen d'un dispositif (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que : 17. Process for supplying gas with an optimized methane number of at least one heat engine, in particular a liquefied gas transport vessel, by means of a device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
- du gaz liquéfié est prélevé par la pompe (1 6) à une température inférieure ou égale à -1 60°C, - liquefied gas is taken by the pump (1 6) at a temperature lower than -160 ° C,
- le gaz liquéfié prélevé est chauffé dans le vaporisateur (18) pour atteindre une température comprise entre -130 et -10°C, et de préférence entre -100 et -40°C, de façon à vaporiser certains gaz, dits gaz légers, les autres gaz, dits gaz lourds, restant sous forme liquide, the liquefied gas taken off is heated in the vaporizer (18) to reach a temperature of between -130 ° C. and -10 ° C., and preferably between -100 ° C. and -40 ° C., so as to vaporize certain gases, referred to as light gases; the other gases, called heavy gases, remaining in liquid form,
- séparer les phases liquide et gazeuse dans le séparateur (20), puis- separating the liquid and gaseous phases in the separator (20), then
- réchauffer le gaz sous forme gazeuse issu du séparateur (20), à une température supérieure à 0°C, et par exemple de l'ordre de 20°C. - Reheating the gaseous gas from the separator (20) at a temperature above 0 ° C, for example of the order of 20 ° C.
18. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel : 18. Process according to the preceding claim, in which:
- le gaz liquéfié est prélevé par la pompe (1 6) à une pression comprise entre 7 et 9 bars, et par exemple de 8 bars,
- la pression dans le vaporisateur (18) est comprise entre 6 et 12 bar, et par exemple de 7 bar, the liquefied gas is taken by the pump (1 6) at a pressure of between 7 and 9 bars, and for example 8 bars, the pressure in the vaporizer (18) is between 6 and 12 bar, and for example 7 bar,
- la pression dans le séparateur (20) est comprise entre 5 et 7 bar, et est par exemple de 6,2 bar, et the pressure in the separator (20) is between 5 and 7 bar, and is for example 6.2 bar, and
- la pression dans le réchauffeur (22) est comprise entre 5 et 7 bar, et est par exemple de 6 bar. - The pressure in the heater (22) is between 5 and 7 bar, and is for example 6 bar.
19. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel, le dispositif étant tel que défini à l'une des revendications 10 à 12, dans lequel la pression dans le réservoir (44) est comprise entre 1 et 10 bar, par exemple 2 bar.
19. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the device being as defined in one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the pressure in the reservoir (44) is between 1 and 10 bar, for example 2 bar.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020207010763A KR20200055749A (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-09-11 | Apparatus and method for supplying gas having an optimized methane value to at least one heat engine of a ship for transporting liquefied gas in particular |
RU2020112974A RU2773583C2 (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-09-11 | Device and method for supplying gas with methane number optimized for at least one heat engine, in particular, of vessel for transportation of liquefied gas |
CN201880066349.1A CN111448385B (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-09-11 | Device and method for supplying at least one heat engine, in particular of a liquefied gas transport vessel, with gas having an optimized methane number |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1758699A FR3071276B1 (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2017-09-20 | DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR SUPPLYING GAS WITH A METHANE RATING OPTIMIZED AT LEAST ONE THERMAL ENGINE, IN PARTICULAR OF A LIQUEFIED GAS TRANSPORT VESSEL |
FR1758699 | 2017-09-20 |
Publications (1)
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WO2019057541A1 true WO2019057541A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2018/074398 WO2019057541A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-09-11 | Device and method for supplying gas with methane number optimised for at least one heat engine, in particular of a ship for transporting liquefied gas |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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KR (1) | KR20200055749A (en) |
CN (1) | CN111448385B (en) |
FR (1) | FR3071276B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019057541A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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KR102410071B1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-06-23 | 주식회사 트랜스가스솔루션 | Gas Trap and Fuel Supply System using the Same |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994017325A1 (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-04 | Kværner Moss Technology A.S. | Process and system for, respectively, the utilization and provision of fuel gas |
EP1291576A2 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-12 | Cryostar-France SA | Natural gas supply apparatus |
WO2014167220A1 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-16 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Improved system for treating and supplying natural gas comprising a circuit for heating the tank |
WO2016148416A1 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-09-22 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Fuel gas supply system |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2870206B1 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2006-08-04 | Alstom Sa | INSTALLATION FOR SUPPLYING GASEOUS FUEL TO AN ENERGY PRODUCTION ASSEMBLY OF A LIQUEFIED GAS TRANSPORT VESSEL. |
GB0501335D0 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2005-03-02 | Cryostar France Sa | Natural gas supply method and apparatus |
KR100649863B1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2006-11-28 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Natural Gas Supplying Method?and Apparatus thereof in LNG Carrier |
KR101111704B1 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2012-02-16 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | LNG regasification apparatus |
KR101295446B1 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-08-16 | 에스티엑스조선해양 주식회사 | Fuel gas supply system of LNG carrier |
-
2017
- 2017-09-20 FR FR1758699A patent/FR3071276B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-09-11 WO PCT/EP2018/074398 patent/WO2019057541A1/en active Application Filing
- 2018-09-11 KR KR1020207010763A patent/KR20200055749A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-09-11 CN CN201880066349.1A patent/CN111448385B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994017325A1 (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-04 | Kværner Moss Technology A.S. | Process and system for, respectively, the utilization and provision of fuel gas |
EP1291576A2 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-12 | Cryostar-France SA | Natural gas supply apparatus |
WO2014167220A1 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-16 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Improved system for treating and supplying natural gas comprising a circuit for heating the tank |
WO2016148416A1 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-09-22 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Fuel gas supply system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN111448385A (en) | 2020-07-24 |
FR3071276B1 (en) | 2021-01-01 |
CN111448385B (en) | 2022-04-12 |
FR3071276A1 (en) | 2019-03-22 |
RU2020112974A3 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
RU2020112974A (en) | 2021-10-06 |
KR20200055749A (en) | 2020-05-21 |
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